Shavuos

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•

ืื™ ืœืื• ื”ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืžื ื“ืงื ื’ืจื™ื ื›ืžื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืื™ื›ื ื‘ืฉื•ืงื
ื‘ื’ืž’ (ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ื˜ื”): ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืœ ืชื™ืชื ื™ ืขื ื•ื” ื“ืื™ื›ื ืื ื.

ื•ืงืฉื”: ื“ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืฉื”ืชื’ืื” ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื›ืฉืืžืจ ืขืœ ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช “ืื™ ืœืื• ื”ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืžื ื“ืงื ื’ืจื™ื ื›ืžื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืื™ื›ื ื‘ืฉื•ืงื” (ืคืกื—ื™ื ืกื—:). ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืืžืจ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืฉืœืœื ื™ื•ื ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืื“ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืืœื ื›ืื—ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืง, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื•ื ืื“ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื?

ืชื™ืจืฅ ืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื™ื‘ ื˜ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืกืงื™ ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ: ื‘ื”ื’ืฉ”ืค ืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื “ืื™ืœื• ืงื™ืจื‘ื ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื•ืœื ื ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื“ื™ื™ื ื•”. ื•ืฆ”ื‘: ืื™ืœื• ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืื™ื–ื• ืชื•ืขืœืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• ื‘ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™?

ืืœื ืฉืžืฆื™ื ื• ืฉื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื” ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ืชื ื”, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื ืžืฉื™ื’ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืขืฆืžื. ื•ืื™ืชื ื‘ื’ืž’ (ืฉื‘ืช ืงืžื•.) ืฉื›ืฉืงืจื‘ื• ื‘ื ”ื™ ืœื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ืคืกืงื” ื–ื•ื”ืžืชื, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื’ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื”ื ื–ื›ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจ”ื— ืกื™ื•ืŸ, ื›ืฉืคืกืงื” ื–ื•ื”ืžืชื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืืœื ืฉืฉืืจ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื, ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื’ืžื•ืจื™ื, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ืฉื™ื’ื• ื–ืืช ื•ื”ื•ื–ืงืงื• ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื•’ ื‘ืกื™ื•ืŸ. ื•ื–ื• ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” “ืื™ืœื• ืงื™ืจื‘ื ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™” ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื ืขืฉื™ื ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื’ืžื•ืจื™ื ื•ืžืฉื™ื’ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืขืฆืžื ื•, ืื– ืืข”ืค ืฉ”ืœื ื ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื“ื™ื™ื ื•”.

ื•ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฆื“ื™ืง ื’ืžื•ืจ, ื‘ืขื ื•ื•ืชื ื•ืชื• ืืžืจ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืฉืœืœื ื™ื•ื ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื•’ ื‘ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืื™ื ื• ืฆื“ื™ืง ื’ืžื•ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืจ”ื— ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืฉืคืกืงื” ื–ื•ื”ืžืชื ืืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืขื“ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื

ืขื ื”’ ืื ื—ื ื• – ืœื ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื

ืืฉืจ ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื ื• ืžื›ืœ ืขื ื•ืจื•ืžืžื ื• ืžื›ืœ ืœืฉื•ืŸ

ืขื ืชื•ื ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื ื•ืชืจื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ืžืจืŸ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืœื•ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื” ื‘ืฉื ื—ืื™ ืฉื‘ืกื™ืŸ, ืžืฆืคื™ื ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื—ื•ืฃ ืžื‘ื˜ื—ื™ื. ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืจืขืฉ ื•ื’ืขืฉ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื•ืขื™ื“ืช ื”ืฉืœื•ื ืฉืขืžื“ื” ืœื”ืชื›ื ืก ื•ืœื›ื•ื ืŸ ืืช ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืคืงื— ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ื ื”ืขื•ืœื.

ืžืจืŸ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ื‘ืฉื™ื—ืชื• ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ืš ื•ืืžืจ: ืกื™ืคืจื• ืœื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืžืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžืืœ ื‘ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื” ื“ื ื• ืื ื™ืฉ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ื•ืขื™ื“ืช ื”ืฉืœื•ื, ื•ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• – ืฉืžืขื• ื•ื”ืื–ื™ื ื•! ื”ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืฉืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืขื ื›ืœืœ.

ื”ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉื—ื•ืง ื•ื—ื•ื›ื ื•ืื™ื˜ืœื•ืœื?

ืืช ื™ื‘ืฉืช ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื” ื’ื™ืœื• ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžืื” ืฉื ื”, ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื•ืฉื‘ืช ืคื•ืฉืขื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื’ืœื• ืืœื™ื” ืืกื™ืจื™ื ืžื•ืจืฉืขื™ื. ื”ื, ืฉืื™ื ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืฆืื ื•ื›ืœ ืขื‘ืจื ืžืคื•ืงืคืง ืœืžืื•ื“, ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ื ืœืขื. ื•ืื™ืœื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืฉืœืฉืช ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื”, ืื™ื ื ื• ืขื.

ืื‘ืœ, ืืžืจ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ, ืฆื•ื“ืงื™ื ื”ื ืœืžืื“, ื–ื• ื ื—ืžืชื ื• ื•ืขืœ ื›ืš ื’ืื•ื•ืชื ื•.

ื”ื “ื’ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืื“ืžื””, ื•ืื ื• “ืœื ืฉื ื—ืœืงื ื• ื›ื”ื ื•ื’ื•ืจืœื ื• ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ื ื”, ืืœื ืขื ื”’ ืื ื—ื ื•. “ืืฉืจ ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื ื• ืžื›ืœ ืขื ื•ืจื•ืžืžื ื• ืžื›ืœ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื•ืงื“ืฉื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื•”.

ืกืคืจ ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืื‘ื ื‘ื – ื”ืจื””ื’ ืจ’ ืื‘ื ื–ื™ื•ื ืก ื–ืฆ”ืœ

ื”ืืฉ ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”

ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื”ื™ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ืง’
ืื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืงืจืืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื ื›ืกืฃ, ื”ืœื™ืœื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ, ื™ื•ื ืฉืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ, ื”ืจื’ืข ื”ื ื›ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ื ืชื™ื ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขืช, ืคืกื’ืช ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ – ื”ื‘ื™ืื ื™ ืืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื™ืŸ, ืœื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืขืžื“ื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื” ื•ื—ื™ื›ืชื” ืœืชื ืื™ ืื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืคื”, ืžื” ืื ื•ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชื–ื›ืจื ื•, ืื ื• ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื”ื’ื‘ืœื”, ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื‘ื””ื˜ ืกื™’ ืชืฆื“ ืžื”ืืจื™ื–”ืœ ืฉืžื™ ืฉืœื•ืžื“ ื‘ืœื™ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื•ื‘ื’’ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื’ื‘ืœื” ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืคืกืง ืขื™”ื– ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื— ืœื• ืฉืœื ื™ื ื–ืง. ื•ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืง’ ืื™ืชื ืฉื”ื•ื ืงื•ื ื” ื”ืชืžื“ื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื”.

ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืง’ ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื•ืžื–ื”ื™ืจื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉืœื ื ืฉื›ื— ืืช ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื ืฉื’ื‘ ื•ื”ื ื•ืจื ืฉืœ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื›”ื“ ืคืขื ืฉืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืืฉ, ืจืื” ืฉืžื•ืช ืคืจ’ ื™ืชืจื• ืคื™”ื˜ (ื™ื—) ื•ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ืขืฉืŸ ื›ืœื• ืžืคื ื™ ืืฉืจ ื™ืจื“ ืขืœื™ื• ื”’ ื‘ืืฉ ื•ื™ืขืœ ืขืฉื ื• ื›ืขืฉืŸ ื”ื›ื‘ืฉืŸ ื•ื™ื—ืจื“ ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืจ ืžืื“. ื•ื‘ืคื›”ื“ (ื™ื–) ื•ืžืจืื” ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”’ ื›ืืฉ ืื›ืœืช ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ื”ืจ. ื•ื‘ื•ืืชื—ื ืŸ ืค”ื“ (ื™ื) ื•ืชืงืจื‘ื•ืŸ ื•ืชืขืžื“ื•ืŸ ืชื—ืช ื”ื”ืจ ื•ื”ื”ืจ ื‘ืขืจ ื‘ืืฉ ืขื“ ืœื‘ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื—ืฉืš ืขื ืŸ ื•ืขืจืคืœ. ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉื (ืœื) ื”ืฉืžืข ืขื ืงื•ืœ ืืœื”ื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืืฉ ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉืžืขืช ืืชื” ื•ื™ื—ื™. (ืœื•) ย ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื”ืฉืžื™ืขืš ืืช ืงืœื• ืœื™ืกืจืš ื•ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ืจืืš ืืช ืืฉื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืžืขืช ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืืฉ. ื•ื‘ืคืจืง ื”’ (ื›ื’) ื›ื™ ืžื™ ื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ืืฉืจ ืฉืžืข ืงื•ืœ ืืœื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืืฉ ื›ืžื ื• ื•ื™ื—ื™. ืžื™ืžื™ื ื• ืืฉ ื“ืช ืœืžื•. ื›ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืžื” ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื•ื›ืžื” ืื ื• ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื”ื–ื•, ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ืื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื, ื•ืื ื™ืฉ ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืฉืœื ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืžื“ื•ืช, ื”ื ื” ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืžื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื–ื›ืจ ื•ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื—, ืฉืžืจ ื•ืฉืžืขืช, ืจืง ื”ืฉืžืจ ืœืš ื•ืฉืžืจ ื ืคืฉืš ืžืื•ื“ ืคืŸ ืชืฉื›ื— ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืฉืจ ืจืื• ืขื™ื ื™ืš ื•ืคืŸ ื™ืกื•ืจื• ืžืœื‘ื‘ืš ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื—ื™ื™ืš ื•ื”ื•ื“ืขืชื ืœื‘ื ื™ืš ื•ืœื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ืš, ื”ืฉืžืจื• ืœื›ื ืคืŸ ืชืฉื›ื—ื• ืืช ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”’ ืืœืงื™ื›ื ืืฉืจ ื›ืจืช ืขืžื›ื, ืืชื” ื”ืจืืช ืœื“ืขืช, ื–ื” ืžืœื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืžื” ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื•ื›ืžื” ืื–ื”ืจื•ืช. ื›ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœื›”ื– ื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืช ืื—ืช ืžื™ื•ืชืจืช, ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื ื•.

ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ืจ ืื•”ื— (ืกื™ืžืŸ ืžื–) ื•ื™ื›ื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ืš ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื ื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืงืจื‘ื ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื•ื”ืฉืžื™ืขื ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืืฉ ื•ื ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืชื•ืจืชื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ืœื™ ื—ืžื“ืชื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืฉืชืขืฉืข ื‘ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื’. ื•ืฆ”ื‘ ืžื” ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืืฉ ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื” ื›”ื› ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ื•ืžื” ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื” ื”ืืฉ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ ืืชื ื• ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื”.
ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื‘”ื— ืฉื ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ‘ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื–ื• ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืื™ื ื” ื›ื™ ืื ื”ื”ื•ื“ืื” ื•ืฉื‘ื— ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืชื•ืจืชื• ื›ืœื™ ื—ืžื“ืชื• ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืืฉ ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื” ื•ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืชื”’. ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืืฉ ืžืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ืจื›ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช. ื•ืฆ”ื‘ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื”.
ื•ื‘ืื‘ื•ืช ื“ืจ”ื  ืคื›”ื“ ื”’ ื•ื‘ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื˜ื•. ืฉืงืฉื™ื ืœืงื ื•ืชื ื›ื›ืœื™ ื–ื”ื‘ ื•ื ื•ื—ื™ื ืœืื‘ื“ื ื›ื›ืœื™ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช, ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ, ืื™ืš ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื“ื•ืงื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ืกื•ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื›ืžื•ืช ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืœ ื›”ื› ืœืื‘ื“ ืื•ืชื”, ื”ืœื ืื ืงืฉื” ืœืงื ื•ืชื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืกืคื’ ื•ืœื”ืฉืžืจ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื•, ืœืžื” ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืš.
ื•ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืจ”ื— (ืชื™”ื–) ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉื ืื—ื™ื• ืจ’ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ื ืชืงื ื• ื›ื ื’ื“ ืื‘ื•ืช, ืคืกื— ื›ื ื’ื“ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืœื•ืฉื™ ื•ืขืฉื™ ืขื•ื’ื•ืช ื•ืคืกื— ื”ื™ื”, ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฉืชืงื™ืขืช ืฉื•ืคืจ ืฉืœ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจ ืžืื™ืœื• ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง, ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ืœืžืงื ื”ื• ืขืฉื” ืกื•ื›ื•ืช. ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ, ืฉืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื™ืขืงื‘ ืกืžืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื™ืฉื‘ ืื”ืœื™ื, ืชืชืŸ ืืžืช ืœื™ืขืงื‘, ืœืžื“ ืืฆืœ ืฉื ื•ืขื‘ืจ, ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืฆื—ืง ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช. ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืื™ื–ื” ืจืžื– ืขื ืื™ืœื• ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง, ืื‘ืœ ืœื›ืื•’ ื”ืžื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื–ื” ืกืžืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื‘ื–ื” ืื™ืชื ื‘ืจืžื—”ืœ (ืจื™ืฉ ื“ืจืš ืขืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื) ืขื””ืค ื”ืœื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื›ืืฉ ื ืื ื”’, ื›ื™ ืœื ื›ื—ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœ ืฉืื™ื™ื ืŸ ืืœื ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉื™ื’ ื”ืฉื›ืœ, ืืš ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื ื” ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื™ื, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื” ื”ืื“ื ืœืžื˜ื” ืื•ืจ ื”ื™ื ืืฉืจ ืชืื™ืจ ื‘ื ืฉืžืชื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืื•ืชื• ืืœ ื’ื ื–ื™ ืžืจื•ืžื™ื. ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื” ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืืœื ืื•ืจ ืืœื•ืงื™ ืฉืžืจื•ืžืžืชื• ื•ืžื’ื“ืœืชื• ืœื’ื ื–ื™ ืžืจื•ืžื™ื, ื•ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืžื“ ืžืกื›ืชื•ืช ื•ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื•ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืกืคืจื™ื ืื‘ืœ ืขื™ืงืจ ื—ืกืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืกืคืจ ืื ืื™ื ื• ืžืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืชื•ืจื” ืขื ื›ืœ ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™ื”, ื”ื•ื ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืฉืืจ, ื›ื— ื”ืืฉ ื”ื•ื ืฉืžืฆืจืฃ ื”ื›ืœ ืืœื™ื• ื•ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ื›ืœ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืื—ืจืช, ืช”ื— ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืคื ืืฉ ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืฉื•ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืื—ืจืช ืจืง ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื–ืืช, ื•ืข”ื› ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื”ื ืœื“ืขืช ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ืืฉ ืื•ื›ืœื” ืืฉ ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื ืืฆืœ, ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ื—ื›ื, ื•ื›ื™ ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืœื”ืœืš ืื—ืจ ืฉื›ื™ื ื”, ืืœื ื”ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืช”ื— ื‘ืœื•ืžื“ื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื””ื” ื›ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื›ื™ ื”ื ืขืฆืžื ื’ื•ืคื ืืฉ ื•ื”ื ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

ื•ืข”ื› ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืืฉ ื›”ื› ื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื•ื—ืœืง ืžืขืฆื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื“ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื” ืกืชื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื—ื›ืžื” ืืœื ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ื’ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืื—ืจืช, ื•ื ืขืฉื” ื”ืื“ื ืขืฆืžื• ืขืฆื ืžืขืฆืžื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืข”ื– ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื•ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื“ืื™”ื– ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื—ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืืœื ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ื ื™ืชื ื” ืœื ื• ื•ืื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืืฉ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ืืฃ ืื ื• ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžืื•ืชื” ื”ืืฉ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
ื•ืข”ื› ื ื•ื—ื” ืœืื‘ื“ื” ื›ื›ืœื™ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช, ื›ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื• ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื—ื›ืžื” ืืœื ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฆื“ื ื• ื•ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ื’ืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ืœืืฉ ืื•ื›ืœื” ืืฉ, ื•ืข”ื› ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืกื—ืช ื”ื“ืขืช ื”ื•ื ื ื™ืชื•ืง ืžืขืฆื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืžืื‘ื“ื” ื›ื›ืœื™ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช, ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ืคืกื™ืง ื”ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื ื›ื ืก ืขื•ื“ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืื—ืจืช ื”ืืฉ ื“ื•ื—ื” ืžื™ื“ ื›ืœ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืื—ืจืช.
ื•ืข”ื› ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืœื™ืฆื—ืง ื“ื™ื™ืงื, ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื—ืง ื™ืงืจื ืœืš ื–ืจืข, ืฉืข”ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืฉืืคืจื• ืฆื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืžื‘ื•ื˜ืœ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื›ื™ ืื™ื ื›ื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ื–ื•ืœืชื™ ืงื•ืœ ื•ืœื ื ืฉืืจ ืฉื•ื ืจื•ืฉื ื›ื™ ืื ื”ืื™ืœ ื•ืงื•ืœ ื”ืฉื•ืคืจ, ืืฃ ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืœื ืžืฉ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืื•ื”ืœ, ืื‘ืœ ืงื“ื ืœืชืœืžื•ื“ ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืฉื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื• ืืคืจื• ืฆื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืฉื•ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืื—ืจืช, ืืฉืจ ื–ื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืจื‘ื” ืื—ืจ ื”ืขืงื™ื“ื” ‘ื•ื™ืฉื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืืœ ื ืขืจื™ื• – ื•ื™ืฆื—ืง ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื”, ืจื‘ื™ ื‘ืจื›ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืฉืœื—ื• ืืฆืœ ืฉื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืžื ื• ืชื•ืจื”, ืžืฉืœ ืœืืฉื” ืฉื ืชืขืฉืจื” ืžืคืœื›ื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื™ื“ื” ืืžืจื” ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืžืŸ ื”ืคืœืš ื”ื–ื” ื”ืชืขืฉืจืชื™ ืขื•ื“ ืื™ื ื• ื–ื– ืžืชื—ืช ื™ื“ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื, ื›ืš ืืžืจ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืฉืขืกืงืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืื™ื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชื–ื•ื– ืžื–ืจืขื™ ืœืขื•ืœื. ืขื›”ืœ. ืฉืื—ืจ ื”ืขืงื™ื“ื” ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื•ืข”ื› ื”ืขืงื™ื“ื” ื”ื ื•ืจืื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืœื›ืช ืœื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื, ื‘ื‘ื—ื™’ ืขื•ื“ ืื™ื ื• ื–ื– ืžืชื—ืช ื™ื“ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื.
ื•ืข”ื– ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื‘”ื— ืฉืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืขืœ ืขืฆื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ืžืชื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ืจื›ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืฉืชืฉืืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื” ื•ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืชื” ื›ื ืชื™ื ืชื” ืฉืชื”ื ื—ืงื•ืงื” ื‘ืœื‘ื ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื—ื™ื‘ื” ื›ืขืžื“ื ื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืงื”ืœ ืชื—ืช ื”ื”ืจ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืืฉ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื”ื”ืจ ื‘ื•ืขืจ ื‘ืืฉ.

ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื”ืจืžื—”ืœ ืฉื: ‘ื”ื ื” ื‘ื“ืงื“ื•ืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื ืžืฉืœื” ืœืืฉ, ื•ื”ืฉืœื”ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ื›ืžื•ืกื” ื•ืกื’ื•ืจื”, ืืฉืจ ื‘ื”ืคื™ื— ื‘ื” ืื– ืชืชืคืฉื˜ ื•ืชืชืœื”ื‘ ื•ืชืฆื ืžืชืจื—ื‘ืช ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ืช, ื•ื‘ืฉืœื”ื‘ืช ื”ื”ื™ื ื ืจืื™ื ื›ืžื” ืžื™ื ื™ ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื, ืžื” ืฉืœื ื ืจืื” ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ื’ื—ืœืช, ื•ื”ื›ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื—ืœืช ื™ื•ืฆื, ื›ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื–ืืช ืืฉืจ ืœืคื ื™ื ื•, ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืžืœื•ืชื™ื” ื•ืื•ืชื™ื•ืชื™ื” ื›ืžื• ื’ื—ืœืช ื”ืŸ, ืืฉืจ ื‘ื”ืฆื™ืช ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืŸ, ืœื ื™ื™ืจืื• ื›ื™ ืื ื’ื—ืœื™ื ื•ื’ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ืขืžื•ืžื•ืช, ื•ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื”, ืื– ืชืชืœื”ื‘ ืžื›ืœ ืื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื‘ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ืžืžื•ืœืื” ื‘ื›ืžื” ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ืฆืคื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื”. ืžื” ืฉื ืจืื” ืœืื“ื ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืื“ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ื•ืžื’ื™ืข ื•ืคื•ืชื— ืกืคืจ ื•ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืœื™ื“ื• ื•ื’ื•ืจืก ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืœื•ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืœื ื˜ื‘ืขื™, ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื ื›ื ืก ืœืกื“ืจ ื•ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืจื™ืชื—ื ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื, ืืช ื”ืฆืžืื•ืŸ, ืืช ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช, ืืช ื”ืคืช ื‘ืžืœื—, ืจื•ืื” ื›ืืŸ ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืœื ืื ืฉื™ื, ืจื•ืื” ื›ืžื” ืžื™ื ื™ ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื, ืจื•ืื” ื›ืืŸ ืืฉ ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืžืžืฉ, ืžื›ืืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ื•ื ื™ ืขื•ืœื ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื•ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”’, ื‘ื‘ื—ื™’ ื•ืชื’ื–ืจ ืื•ืžืจ ื•ื™ืงื ืœืš, ืื™ืคื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืขื•ื“ ืื•ืฉืจ ื›ื–ื”, ื ื™ืกื™ื ื›ืืœื•, ื›ืื’ืจืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžืจืŸ ื”ื—ื–ื•”ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ื›ืžืœืืš ืขืœื™ ืื“ืžื•ืช (ื—”ื ื™ื’): ื•ืืžื ื ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ืœืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ื ื“ืžื” ื›ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื, ื-ื‘-ืœ ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื•ื ืžืœืืš, ื”ื“ืจ ืขื ื‘ื ื™ ืชืžื•ืชื” ื•ื—ื™ ื—ื™ื™ ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืžืจื•ืžื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืชื”ื™ืœื”. ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื™ืจื•’ ืกื•ื˜ื” (ืค”ื— ื””ื’) ื™ื“ื™ื• ื’ืœื™ืœื™ ื–ื”ื‘ ืžืžืœืื™ื ื‘ืชืจืฉื™ืฉ, ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื”ื ื›ื’ืœื™ ื–ื”ื‘, ื—ื ื ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ืื—ื™ ืจ’ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืืžืจ ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื“ื™ืงื“ื•ืงื™ื” ื•ืื•ืชื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”. ื›ืžื” ื’ืœื™ื ื•ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”. ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืข”ื™ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื•ืช, ืข”ื™ ื˜ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืžื“ื•ืช, ืข”ื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื”ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืœื”ืคื™ื— ืืฉ ื‘ื’ื—ืœืช ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืชื™ืœื™ ืชื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื’, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืื—ื“ ืื• ืืคื™’ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืื—ืช ืœืื‘ื“ื ื›ื›ืœื™ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช, ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืคืขื•ืœื” ื•ืฉืงื™ืขื•ืช ืชืžื™ื“ื™ืช ื•ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืžื›ื ื™ืก ืขื•ื“ ื˜ื™ืคื” ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื˜ื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ืฉืžืŸ, ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืœืžื“ ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืœื”ื‘ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ื‘ืชื”, ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืžืœืืš, ื”ื•ื ื‘ืจื’ืข ืžืื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช, ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื”ื™ื ืœื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ.

ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืžื™ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืœืžื™ ืฉื ืžืฆื ื›ืืŸ ื•ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืืฉ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ืืช ื”ืื•ืฉืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืฉืœ ืœื• ืขืœื™ ื—ืœื“, ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ื”ืกื‘ืจ, ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ืืฉ, ืช”ื— ื“ืจืชื— ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ื“ืงืžืจืชื—ื ื‘ื™ื”, ืฉื ื’ ื”ืœื ื›ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื›ืืฉ, ืจื•ืื™ื ืื™ืš ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืคืฉื ื™ืฆืื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื, ื›ืžื” ื”ื™ื• ื—ื•ืœืช ืื”ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ืฉื™ืฆื ืœืื•ืจ ืชื•ืกืคืช ื—ื›ืžื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ื” ืจื””ื™ ืจ’ ื ื—ื•ื ืœื ื™ื“ืข ืืช ื ืคืฉื• ืžืฉืžื—ื”. ื‘ืื”ื‘ืชื” ืชืฉื’ื” ืชืžื™ื“. ื™ืฉ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืชื ืฆื— ืขื ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“, ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ื“ื ื•ืืฉ ื•ืชื™ืžืจื•ืช ืขืฉืŸ, ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื ื™ืฆืื• ื‘ืจื™ืงื•ื“ ื ืœื”ื‘ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื• ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™, ืืฉืจื™ ืขื™ืŸ ืจืืชื” ื–ืืช, ืื™ืคื” ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืžื•ืฆืจ ื›ื–ื”, ื›ืžื” ื”ื’ืจื™”ื– ื”ื™ื” ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืš ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœืจืงื•ื“ ืขื ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืจื•ืงื“ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื•ื•ืืจื˜ ื‘ืฉืœื’ ื•ื‘ื—ืžืกื™ืŸ, ืจ’ ื“ื•ื“ ืคื™ื ืงืœ ืจืื” ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืš ืจื•ืงื“ ื‘ืฉืœื’ ืื™ื–ื” ืงืฆื‘, ื”ื•ื ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืžื™ ื–ื” ืฉื ืžื” ืงืจื”, ืงืจ ืœืš, ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืš ื™ืฆืืชื™ ืžื”ื’ืจื™”ื– ืขื ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืจืžื‘”ื, ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืงื•ื“ ืืฆืœ ื”ื’ืจื™”ื– ื›ืืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืฃ ืื—ื“. ื•ื ืฉืžื— ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจืชืš, ืฉื™ืฉื• ื‘ื ื™ ืžืขื™ ืฉื™ืฉื•, ื—ื“ืื™ ื ืคืฉืื™ ื—ื“ืื™ ื ืคืฉืื™, ื›ืžื” ืชื•ืจื” ืกืคื’ืช ืชื•ืจืช ืืœืงื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื, ืฉืฉ ืื ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืืžืจืชืš ื›ืžื•ืฆื ืฉืœืœ ืจื‘, ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจ’ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ื™ืจื ื‘ื•ื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจ ืžืื”ื‘ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ื•ื ืคืขื ื ืกืข ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืก, ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืฉืœื• ืฉื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžื—ืœืงื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ืจื•ืื” ืืช ืจื‘ื• ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืขื ื’ืž’ ื›ื•ืœื• ื–ื•ืจื—, ืืžืจ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืจื‘ื™ ื‘ื ืชืฉื‘ ื‘ืžื—ืœืงื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืื ื™ ืืฉื‘ ื›ืืŸ, ืืžืจ ืœื• ืจ’ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื—ื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ืš ืชืŸ ืœื’ื•ื™ ืฉืœื™ื“ื™ ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื•ื‘ื ืฉื‘ ืœื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืขื•ื“ ืขืฉืจ ืฉืขื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื’ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืขื“ื™ื. ื‘ื•ื– ื™ื‘ื•ื–ื• ืœื•. ืžื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื•, ื”ื—ื–ื•”ื ืœื ืขื–ื‘ ืืช ื”ื’ืž’ ืžืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืขื“ ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ื—ืฆื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืœื” ืจืฆื•ืฃ ืื™ื–ื” ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื”ื—ื–ื•”ื ื—ื–ืจ ืขืœ ืžืฉื ื” ืื—ืช ืฉืฉ ืฉืขื•ืช ืจืฆื•ืฃ ืžืžื ื—ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืขื“ ืžืขืจื™ื‘, ื”ืขื•ื–ืจืช ื™ื“ืขื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืข”ืค, ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ืคืจื“ ืžืžืชื™ืงื•ืช ื›ื–ื•. ื•ื”ื—ื–ื•”ื ืžืชืืจ ืžื” ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ ืฉืฉ ืฉืขื•ืช ืจืฆื™ืคื•ืช ื•ืžื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื‘ืข ื•ื›ืš ืฉืžื ื” ื•ืชืฉืข, ื–ื” ื›ืžืœืืš ืขืœื™ ืื“ืžื•ืช, ื”ื ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื–ื”, ื–ื” ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื” ืื—ืจืช. ื”ืื‘ื ื”ืจื””ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ื‘ื—ืจื•ืชื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื›ื–ื” ืืฉ ืฉืื ื”ื™ื” ืกื›ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื“ื. ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืขืœ ื”ืจื‘ื™ ืžืงืœื•ื™ื–ื ื‘ื•ืจื’ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœืคื™ื“ ืืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืœื ื ืชืคืก ืื™ืš ืื“ื ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืขื” ืžื“ื•ืจื™ ื’ื™ื”ื ื•ื ื•ืœื ื–ื– ืžื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ื”’ ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ืจืื” ื•ืœื ื•ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืงื•ืฆื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•”ื“ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืœื•ืข ื”ืืจื™, ื”ื™ื” ืคืขื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืžื— ื‘ื•, ืฉืืœื•ื”ื• ืžื” ื›”ื› ืžืฉืžื— ื‘ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื–ื”, ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื ืืฆื™ื ื™ืž”ืฉ ืงืฉืจื•ื”ื• ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืจื›ื‘ ื•ื ืกืข ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืจื—”ืœ ืจืฆื• ืœืงื™ื™ื ืฉืขื™ืจ ืœืขื–ืื–ืœ, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืื”ื‘ื” ื™ืชื™ืจื” ื‘ื”’ ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจืชื• ื•ืื– ื ืชื—ื“ืฉ ืœื• ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื–ื” ื•ืื™ืš ืœื ืืฉืžื—, ืื™ืคื” ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืขื ื›ื–ื”, ืื™ืคื” ื™ืฉ ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื–ื•, ื ืคืฉื™ ื—ื•ืœืช ืื”ื‘ื”, ืื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื›ืชื•ืจื”.

ืื™ืš ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืฉืœื”ื‘ืช ื”ื–ื•, ืžื” ืชืขื™ืจื• ื•ืžื” ืชืขื•ืจืจื• ืืช ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ืขื“ ืฉืชื—ืคืฅ, ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื™ืงืจ ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื”, ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ื•ืœื ื–ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืžืžื ื” ืฆืžื—ื• ื›ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ืขื•ืœื ื•ื–ื” ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืœื”ื—ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืžืงื˜ื ื•ืช, ืœืงืจื ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชืžื“ื” ื•ืฉืงื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืœื™ื™ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื”ืจื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ืžืกืš ืื—ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืžืชืขืชืข ืืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืืคื™’ ื—ืคืฆื™ ืžืฆื•ื” ืœื ื™ืฉื•ื• ื‘ื” ื›”ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืฉื—ืจ ื•ืขืจืš ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ื ืฆื—ื™ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืชืฃ ืžืื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืจื’ืฉ ื•ืืช ื”ืงื•ืœ, ื”ื ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืคื™ื•, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืœื”ื‘ ื•ืœื”ืชืคืขืœ ืžื›ืœ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ, ื•ืœืฉื™ื ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžืœื”, ื•ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืŸย  ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื“ื ืขืžืœ ื‘ื• ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื—ื–ืจ ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ืชื•ืจื” ื“ื™ืœื™ื”, ื”ื•ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื–ื”, ื•ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืžื” ืฉืื“ื ื”ืชืคืœืœ ื•ื˜ืจื— ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืœืžื” ื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื•, ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ื•ืœื””ืจ ื–ื” ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืจื•ื— ื˜ื”ืจื”, ื›ืž”ืฉ ืœื™ืฆื ื•ืช ืื—ื“ ื“ื•ื—ื” ืžืื” ืชื•ื›ื—ื•ืช, ืื—ื“ ืžื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืžื™ืจื” ื–ื” ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืกื“ืจ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ืœื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ืืคื™’ ื—ืžืฉ ื“ืงื•ืช, ื•ืœืฉื™ื ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืืชื’ืจ ืฉื ื•ื’ืข ืœื—ื™ื™ื, ืžื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืœื›ื” ืžื–ื” ืื™ืคื” ืขื•ื“ ื ื•ื’ืข ื”ืกื‘ืจื ื”ื–ื•, ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœื•ืžื“ ืกืชื ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืžืฆื•ื” ืื• ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืคืจื ืกื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ, ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื” ืื—ื“ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืกืคืจ, ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคืกื•ืง ื”ืœื›ื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืžื• ืžื™ ืฉืžืกื›ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื›ืœ ืกื“ืจ ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื•ื ืฉืืจ ืชืœืžื•ื“ื• ื‘ื™ื“ื•, ืžืืฉืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืฆื•ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื ื•ื’ืข ืืœื™ื• ื›ืœืœ. ืœื ืœื—ื›ื•ืช ืฉื”ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ืชื’ื™ืข ืืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืคื™ื— ืืช ื”ื’ื—ืœืช ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ืžื™ ืฉืžื—ืคืฉ ืืช ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ื•ืขืžืœ ืข”ื– ื”ื•ื ื™ืžืฆื ืืช ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืžื™ ืฉืกืชื ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœ, ืกื•ื“ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืฉืœ ืžืจืŸ ืฉืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื–ื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืกืงืจืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืœืื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฆืžืื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ืขื ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื˜ืขื ืืช ื”ืžืชื™ืงื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืชืžื“ื” ื•ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื”ืื“ื™ืจื”. ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืžืชื™ื—ืกื™ื ื–ื” ืืฉืœื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืงื•ืช, ืฉืœื ืžืœืžื“ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ืœืงืจื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™ ืื• ืกืคืจ ืื• ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ืžื” ืœืžื“ืช ื‘ืืžืช ืžื–ื” ืœื—ื™ื™ื, ืืชื” ื’ื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื•ืื•ืžืจ ื•ื•ืื•, ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืœืžื“ืช ืžื–ื” ื–ื” ืื™ืš ืœื ื•ื— ื’ื ืžื—ืจ, ื”ืžืคืชื— ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื, ืžื” ื—ื•ื‘ืชื• ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืžื” ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื”, ืœืืŸ ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš, ืื ืื“ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ืฉื™ื ืื• ืจื‘ ืื• ื›ืœ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืขื ืง ื”ื•ื ื™ืขืฉื” ื”ื›ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื–ื”, ืชืชืจื’ืœ ืœืฉื™ื ืœืขืฆืžืš ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื•ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื, ืชื‘ื—ืจ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื—ื“ ืฉืžืขื ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืš ื•ืชื›ืชื•ื‘ ืข”ื– ืกืคืจ. ืชื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉืืชื” ื ืฉืžื” ื•ืœื ืจืง ื’ื•ืฃ ืืœ ืชื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืฆืœื—ืช. ืœื ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืจื•ืขืฉื™ื ืชื•ืกืกื™ื ื•ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื™ื‘ืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืœื‘ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœื ืฆื—, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืฆื‘ืข ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ืจื’ืฉ ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื. ื”ื’ืจื”ืž ืฉืš ืฉื™ืœื 100$ ืœื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืจืขืง”ื, ื•ื”ื’ืจ”ืž ื’ื™ืคื˜ืจ 200 ืœืžื™ ืฉื™ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ืจืขืง”ื ืœื ืชื™ืจืฆื•. ื“ืื™’ ื‘ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื“ื‘ืฉ ื•ื—ืœื‘ ืชื—ืช ืœืฉื•ื ืš ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื ืขืจื™ื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื”ื ื ื— ืœื• ืฉืœื ืืžืจื. ื”ื’ืจ”ื— ืงืจื™ื™ื–ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ ืคื’ืฉ ืืช ืจืž”ืฉ ืฉืคื™ืจื ื•ืฉืืœื• ืื ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืฉืœื 100,000$ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื•ืืจื˜ ื ืคืœื ืฉืฉื•ื•ื” ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ $, ืขื ื” ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืื ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ื” ืื ื™ ืžื•ื›ืŸ, ื”ืœ ื”ื•ื•ืืจื˜, ื•ืืžืจ ื”ื’ืจ”ื— ื”ื› ืฉืœื ืœื™, ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื• ื”ื’ืจืž”ืฉ ื‘ื•ื•ืืจื˜ ืื—ืจ ื•ืืžืจ ื•ื•ืืจื˜ ื–ื” ืฉื•ื” 200000$, ื”ื—ื–ืจ ืขื•ื“ืฃ.

ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืืžื ื ืงืฉื” ืœืงื ื•ืชื ื›ื›ืœื™ ื–ื”ื‘, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื™ื”ืœื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื–ื”ื‘ ื›ืœ ืขืจืš ืœื ื™ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื”, ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืคืจื™ื ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื•ืœื™ ืคื™ืกืช ื–ื”ื‘, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื–ื”ื‘, ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉืžื™ ืฉืžื—ืคืฉ ืื—ืจ ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ื™ืžืฆื ืื•ืชื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืžื™ ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื” ืžื˜ืคืก ืขืœ ื”ื”ืจ, ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, ื‘ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืก”ืช ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื›”ื› ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืกืฃ ื•ืคืืจ ื•ื”ื“ืจ ื•ืชื–ืžื•ืจืช, ื”ื›ืœ ืขืœ ืก”ืช ืื—ื“, ืขืื›ื•”ื› ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืก”ืช ื—ื™ ื•ืœื ืื—ื“ ืืœื ืืœืคื™ื ืœืžื” ืœื ื‘ืื” ื›ืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื›ืœ ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืก”ืช ื‘ืฉืขื” 9 ื‘ื–ื•ื•ืขื”ื™ืœ ืขื ืืœืคื™ ืชื–ืžื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื ื’ื ื™ื ืœืœื•ื•ืช ืืช ืืœืคื™ ื”ืกืคืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืจืฆื™ื ื›ืœ ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืœื”ืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื™ืืžืจ ืœื”ื, ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื—ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืœื‘ ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืช, ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื ืฆื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ืกื•ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.

ืฉื™ืžื ื™ ื›ื—ื•ืชื ืขืœ ืœื‘ืš ื›ื—ื•ืชื ืขืœ ื–ืจื•ืขืš ื›ื™ ืขื–ื” ื›ืžื•ืช ืื”ื‘ื” ืงืฉื” ื›ืฉืื•ืœ ืงื ืื” ืจืฉืคื™ื” ืจืฉืคื™ ืืฉ ืฉืœื”ื‘ืชื™ื”, ืื ื™ืชืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืชื• ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ืฉืื”ื‘ ืจ’ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื•ื– ื™ื‘ื•ื–ื• ืœื•. ื‘ื™ืจื•’ (ืฉืงืœื™ื ืค”ื• ื””ื ืกื•ื˜ื” ืค”ื— ื””ื’) ืจ”ืค ื‘ืฉื ืจืฉื‘”ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœื• ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืœืžืฉื” ื ืชื ื” ืœื• ืืฉ ืœื‘ื ื” ื—ืจื•ืชื” ื‘ืืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจื”, ื”ื™ื ืืฉ, ืžื•ื‘ืœืœืช ื‘ืืฉ, ื—ืฆื•ื‘ื” ืžืืฉ, ื•ื ืชื•ื ื” ืžืืฉ, ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืžื™ืžื™ื ื• ืืฉ ื“ืช ืœืžื•. ื•ืชืืžืจื• ื”ืŸ ื”ืจืื ื• ื”’ ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืืช ื›ื‘ื“ื• ื•ืืช ื’ื“ืœื• ื•ืืช ืงืœื• ืฉืžืขื ื• ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืืฉ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืจืื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ืืœื”ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ื—ื™. ืฉื ื–ื›ื” ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื’ื ื•ื– ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื• ื“ื•ื“ื™ืš ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืจื™ื— ืฉืžื ื™ืš ืžื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื.

ืฉื ื–ื›ื” ืœื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื”’ ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจืชื• ืฉื™ืฉื ื‘ืœื‘ื ื• ืื”ื‘ืชื• ื•ื™ืจืืชื• ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ ืฉืœื.

ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืœื›ื”

ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข

ืข’ ืจืžื‘”ื ืคื›”ื ืžืื™ืกื•”ื‘ ื”ืœ”ื‘ ืœื ื™ืฉื ื‘ืช ืข”ื” ืฉืื ืžืช ืื• ื’ื•ืœื” ื‘ื ื™ื• ืขืžื™ ื”ืืจืฅย  ืฉืื™ืŸ ืืžืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ื›ืชืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ื“ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืชื•ืจื” ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ื›ืชืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช.

ื•ื ืจืื” ื“ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื›ืชืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ื›ืชืจ ืขืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื•ืขืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืืฉื”.

ื•ืข’ ืจืžื‘”ื ืค”ื— ืžืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื””ื‘ ืคื™’ ืขื˜ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ืจืืฉื™ื”ื, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ืขื” ืฉื™ื“ืขื• (ืชื•ืจื”), ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœื” ื–ื›ื• ืœื—ื™ื™ ื”ืขื•ื””ื‘ ืžืฆื•ื™ื” ืขืžื”ืŸ, ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื˜ืจื” ืฉืœื”ืŸ.

ื•ืขื ื™ืŸ ื›ืชืจ ืชื•ืจื” ื ืจืื” ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ื” ื›ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ ื•ื”ื‘ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืžืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ. ื•ืข’ ื“ืจืš ื—ื™ื™ื ื’’ ื˜”ื– ืฉืคื™’ ืขื˜ืจื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืขืœื™ื• ืžืœืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื›ืชืจ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ืืœื ื”ืžืœืš, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืชืจ ื”ื•ื ืœืžืœืš ืขืฆืžื•. ื•ื ืžืฆื ื›ืชืจื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ืจืง ืœืžื™ ืฉืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืžืฉ. (ื•ืข’ ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื™ื“ืข ืฉืคื™’ ืืฉืจื™ื›ื ืช”ื— ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื “ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ”).

ื•ืข’ ืจืžื‘”ื ืค”ื’ ืžืช”ืช ื””ื• ื‘ืœื•ืžื“ ื‘ืœื™ืœื” “ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื›ืชืจื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื””. ื•ืœืคื™”ื– ื ืจืื” ื“ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื”ืœ’ ืื™ืกื•”ื‘ ื“ื‘ืช ืช”ื— ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ื›ืชืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืฉืžืข ื›ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืื‘ื™ื” ืœื•ืžื“ ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ื•ืžืฉืžืข ื“ื–ื”ื• ื’ื“ืจ ืช”ื—, ื•ืขื›”ืค ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉื ื‘ืช ืช”ื—. ื•ืข’ ืื‘ื•ืช ืค”ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืชื•ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ืงื ื™ืช ื‘ืž”ื— ืงื ื™ื ื™ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉืคื™ืจืฉื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฉืš ืฉืœ ืื‘ื•ืช ืค”ื“ ืขืœ ืฉืœืฉื” ื›ืชืจื™ื, ื•ื ืžืฆื ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื ืงื ื™ืช ื‘ืž”ื— ืงื ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืงื•ื ื” ื›ืชืจ ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ืœืคื™ ื”ืจืžื‘”ื ืื™ืกื•”ื‘ ื”ื ”ืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ืช ืช”ื— ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ื›ืชืจ ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืจืืชื” ืืฆืœ ืื‘ื™ื” ืž”ื— ืงื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ืข’ ืื’”ืž ื™ื•”ื“ ื—”ื“ ืœ”ื• ืื•ืช ื—’ ื‘ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘”ื ืขืœ ื›ืชืจ ืชื•ืจื”.

 

ื•ื”ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื–ืจ ื–ื”ื‘ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ืืจื•ืŸ ืฉืืžืจื• ืฉืžื•”ืจ ืœ”ื“ ื‘’ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืชืจ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืœื›ืคืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขื’ืœ, ื•ืขื™ืงืจื• ื”ืืจื•ืŸ, ื•ืžื›ืคืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขื’ืœ ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ืžืงืฆืช ืœื›ืชืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข.

ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืข’ ืžื”ืจืฉ”ื ืฉื‘ืช ืค”ื— ืขืœ ื‘’ ื›ืชืจื™ื ืฉื–ื›ื• ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ืžืฉืžืข ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื“ืžืœื‘ื“ ืฉืงื‘ืœื• ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ื’ื ื ืขืฉื” ืงื•ื“ื ืœื ืฉืžืข, ื›ื ื’ื“ ืž”ืข ื•ืžืœ”ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื–ื›ื• ืžืœื‘ื“ ื›ืชืจ ืชื•ืจื”, ื’ื ื›ืชืจ ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ื•ืžืœื›ื•ืช. ื•ืข”ืข ืžื”ืจืฉ”ื ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื–’ ื•ืข’ ืžื”ืจืฉ”ื ืกื•ืฃ ื–ืจืขื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื ืค”ื’ ืž”ื’.

ื•ืข’ ื ื—ืœ”ื“ ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื”’ ืฉื”ืง’ ื”ืจื™ ืœื ื ื™ืชื ื• ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ื•ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื’, ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉืชื™’ ื›ื™ ืžืขื™ืงืจื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื’ ืžื”ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืœืงื— ืžื”ื. ื•ืข’ ืžื”ืจืฉ”ื ื”ื ”ืœ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉืืžืจ ื”’ ื•ืืชื ืชื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ืžืžืœื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื.

ื•ืข’ ืžื“ื””ื’ ืฉื“ืจืฉื• ื›ืŸ ืขื””ืค ืžืžืœื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื•ืข”ืฉ ื‘ืฉื ืคื”ืž”ืฉ ืื‘ื•ืช ื“’ ื™”ื‘ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื›ืชืจื™ื ื ื™ืชื ื• ืœื”ื ื‘ืฉืขืช ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”.

ื•ืข”ืฉ ืฉืžื•”ืจ ื‘ื›ื•ืœื ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ืขืฉื™ืช “ืœื•” ื•ื‘ืืจื•ืŸ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ืขืฉื™ืช “ืขืœื™ื•” ืœืœืžื“ืš ืฉื›ืชืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืžืขื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ื•ืœืŸ, ื–ื›ื” ืื“ื ืœืชื•ืจื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื–ื›ื” ืœื›ื•ืœืŸ. ื•ืข’ ืจ’ ืื”ืจืŸ ื—”ื’ ืงื›”ื” ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื›ืœ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžื”ืจืฉ”ื ื”ื ”ืœ.

Yomim Tovim Preview

Appreciation for Being Chosen

Shavuos

Harav Hagaon Shmuel Wolman shlita

The Kadmonim tell us that on the Yom Tov of Shavuos, we are not just celebrating the Mattan Torah that occurred thousands of years ago, but we are able to reexperience the entire ื™ื•ื ืฉื ืชื ื” ื‘ื• ืชื•ืจื”. We are meant to feel both that ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื‘ึธึผื—ึทืจ ื‘ึธึผื ื•ึผ ืžึดื›ึธึผืœ ื”ึธืขึทืžึดึผื™ื and also that ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืŸ ืœึธื ื•ึผ ืึถืช ืชึผื•ึนืจึธืชื•ึน โ€” the double simchah of receiving the matanah tovah of Torah, and also of the tremendous vote of confidence that Hakadosh Baruch Hu chose us as worthy recipients of this tremendous gift.

The Tumim poses an obvious question, however: Did Hakadosh Baruch Hu really choose us over the rest of the nations? Doesnโ€™t the Gemara in Avodah Zarah tell us that Hakadosh Baruch Hu offered the Torah to every nation and they declined it, until He offered it to the Yidden? Klal Yisrael was the only nation willing to say naaseh venishma and accept the Torah, which seems almost the opposite of being chosen. So why do we thank the Eibishter for choosing us out of all the nations and giving us His Torah?

Furthermore, why is there such an emphasis on Klal Yisrael blindly promising naaseh venishma? Wasnโ€™t it sufficient for Klal Yisrael to just be willing to accept the Torah, as opposed to the other nations, who declined after hearing what Torah observance entails? What was so pivotal about Klal Yisrael taking the polar opposite approach and blindly accepting the Torah, no questions asked?

Perhaps we can gain some insight from the conversation that took place between Hakadosh Baruch Hu and the nations. Chazal describe how Hashem approached the descendants of Eisav and offered them the Torah, to which they responded, โ€œWhat is written in it?โ€ When Hashem said, โ€œDo not murder,โ€ they answered, โ€œThe whole essence of our father, Eisav, was murder, so we canโ€™t accept such a Torah.โ€ Similar exchanges took place between the Eibishter and the other nations.

Apparently, the basic mistake of the nations was not in their assessment of whether they were capable of fulfilling the Torah. Their mistake was that they responded, โ€œWhat is written in it?โ€ In their minds, the decision to commit to Torah observance hinged on whether it fit into their lifestyle. This is where the nations showed that they were not worthy of Kabbalas HaTorah. Torah could only be given to avadim, to avdei Hashem who submit themselves entirely to His ratzon and are able to blindly say naaseh venishma. Naaseh venishma was not just a nice madreigah; it was a prerequisite for Kabbalas HaTorah.

Klal Yisraelโ€™s ability to attain this level of submissiveness was a direct result of their purification in the kur habarzel of Mitzrayim. Our enslavement there conditioned us to become avdei Pharaoh, who could then be transformed into avdei Hashem. And that is the inherent connection between the geulah of Pesach and Mattan Torah, the process that culminated with ืชึทึผืขึทื‘ึฐื“ื•ึผืŸ ืึถืช ื”ึธืึฑืœึนืงึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ื”ึธื”ึธืจ ื”ึทื–ึถึผื”. True, Hakadosh Baruch Hu went through the motions of offering the Torah to the other nations, in order to be fair, but in truth He had already chosen and preordained Klal Yisrael as the only nation that could receive the Torah. It is that original choice of Klal Yisrael at the Bris Bein Habesarim that we express appreciation for when we say ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื‘ึธึผื—ึทืจ ื‘ึธึผื ื•ึผ ืžึดื›ึธึผืœ ื”ึธืขึทืžึดึผื™ื ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืŸ ืœึธื ื•ึผ ืึถืช ืชึผื•ึนืจึธืชื•ึน.

Not Just Another 606

But I think thereโ€™s a deeper choosing that took place when Hakadosh Baruch Hu decided that Klal Yisrael would be His nation.

First, let us consider another startling aspect of the nationsโ€™ response to Hakadosh Baruch Huโ€™s offer of the Torah. The specific mitzvos that deterred the nations from accepting the Torah โ€” murder, immorality, theft โ€” are all included in the sheva mitzvos bnei Noach. The nations were obligated in those mitzvos whether they accepted the Torah or not. Why did they refuse to accept the Torah on account of those universal mitzvos?

Furthermore, what did they seek to prove by pointing to the fact that their forefatherโ€™s essence was murder, or immorality, or theft? Does the fact that their zeideh possessed that inclination make it impossible for them to keep the law? Does it exempt them from the sheva mitzvos bnei Noach? What kind of response was that?

The Rambam (Peirush Hamishnayos, Chullin) teaches that at Mattan Torah, Klal Yisrael did not receive an additional 606 mitzvos. Rather, they received an entirely new entity called Taryag Mitzvos. There is a fundamental difference between the sheva mitzvos bnei Noach and the Torah and mitzvos that Klal Yisrael received during Mattan Torah. Every nation and government needs to enact basic laws to maintain order and enable society to function. These are dry laws, and there is no expectation that people should appreciate or connect to these laws, which are simply meant to facilitate peopleโ€™s coexistence. That is the purpose of the sheva mitzvos bnei Noach, and all of the nations could be expected to observe these basic laws, even if it is difficult for them and even if it requires them to overcome their innate genetic tendencies.

The Taryag Mitzvos that Klal Yisrael received at Har Sinai were entirely different. They represented an entire lifestyle of hecherkeit. The gamut of Taryas Mitzvos is meant to guide every step of our lives, our every thought and decision. Itโ€™s not just a collection of no-noโ€™s designed to maintain law and order. Itโ€™s a gift of a life of kedushah and romemus, a life of ruchniyus and dveikus to the Giver of the Torah.

Itโ€™s not enough, then, to simply avoid transgressing the Torahโ€™s commandments. Rather, one must completely absorb the kavanas haTorah, the ruach haTorah, the ratzon Hashem. These mitzvos should become ืขึถืฆึถื ืžึตืขึฒืฆึธืžึทื™. The point is not to avoid murder, immorality, and theft, but to become a hechereh mentsch who has no connection to those corrupt tendencies. This requires a powerful attachment to Torah and mitzvos, so that the personโ€™s innate qualities become aligned with the Torah, to the extent that his very limbs crave the 248 positive commandments and his every sinew shudders at the 365 prohibitions.

The other nations might have been able to abide by the sheva mitzvos bnei Noach even though they do not fit with their nature. But when they were offered the Torah, they realized that they were not being asked to simply refrain from murder and the like โ€” they were being asked to grow beyond their innate tendencies, through dveikus baTorah, and transform themselves into non-murderers. This, they determined, was beyond their genetic makeup.

Accordingly, the reason Klal Yisrael was able to accept the Torah was that Hakadosh Baruch Hu chose them as His people, and imbued them with the genetic makeup to become a ืžึทืžึฐืœึถื›ึถืช ื›ึนึผื”ึฒื ึดื™ื ื•ึฐื’ื•ึนื™ ืงึธื“ื•ึนืฉื who not only observe the Torah, but sanctify themselves by aligning their middos with the Torah. They donโ€™t simply avoid murder; they are not murderous. Not only do they fulfill the letter of the law, but they excel in nekiyus, as the Mesillas Yesharim explains, and they strive to reach the root of the commandments and attune themselves to ratzon Hashem.

It’s Enjoyable!

This represents a whole new dimension of the idea that Hakadosh Baruch Hu chose us from all the nations, beyond His conditioning us to become avdei Hashem through the kur habarzel of Mitzrayim. When we thank Hakadosh Baruch Hu for making us His nation, we are expressing appreciation to Him for choosing us to be worthy of a genetic makeup that allows our middos to be shaped by Torah, which allows us to grow and achieve dveikus in Hakadosh Baruch Hu.

I believe this opens a new perspective on the Yom Tov of Shavuos. We are not just celebrating the gift of Torah, but appreciating how rich our lives are because we received the Torah and mitzvos. We recognize that we were not given a book of rules and regulations to create civil law and order, but rather a blueprint of a meaningful, ruchniyusโ€™dik life with limitless opportunity for dveikus to the Borei Olam. We thank the Eibishter for choosing us, out of all of humanity, to possess the innate qualities and spiritual capacity to become a ืžึทืžึฐืœึถื›ึถืช ื›ึนึผื”ึฒื ึดื™ื ื•ึฐื’ื•ึนื™ ืงึธื“ื•ึนืฉื, by living according to His Torah. He didnโ€™t just give us the Torah; He gave us His Torah, ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืŸ ืœึธื ื•ึผ ืึถืช ืชึผื•ึนืจึธืชื•ึน, which allows us to cleave to Him.

When we dance on Shavuos morning, weโ€™re not just saying thank you for the Torah, weโ€™re also thanking Hashem for choosing us from all the nations and for the beautiful life of Torah that we were given, along with the opportunity to become infinitely great through dveikus baTorah.

We all know the Gemaraโ€™s statement (Pesachim 68b), ื”ื›ืœ ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืจืช ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ื ืžื™ ืœื›ื. ืžืื™ ื˜ืขืžื ื™ื•ื ืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ื‘ื• ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื. Many explanations have been given to explain why specifically on Shavuos we need to eat and drink to express our simchas Yom Tov, but Rashi says something fascinating: ืฉื™ืฉืžื— ื‘ื• ื‘ืžืื›ืœ ื•ืžืฉืชื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืฉื ื•ื— ื•ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ื™ื•ื ื–ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื ืชื ื” ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื•. By eating and drinking, and rejoicing with physical pleasures, we show that for us, Kabbalas HaTorah is something pleasant. Why is that important?

Perhaps even the other nations would be able to force themselves to observe the Taryag Mitzvos, even though it goes against their grain, but it would not be pleasant for them. It would not fit with their innate personality. On Shavuos, we Yidden declare that Hashem gave us the genetic makeup to not only manage to keep the Torah, but also to find it ื ื•ื— ื•ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ. It fits us like a glove, it fits with our basic nature, and it allows us to grow and enjoy the ruchniyusโ€™dik life of dveikus that our neshamos so crave.

The Eibishter should give us the siyatta dโ€™Shmaya to use this Yom Tov as a time to reflect and rejoice in the matanah of a Torahโ€™dik life that is full of ruchniyus and dveikus, full of meaning and sipuk, full of self-control and intellectual honesty, so that we can exclaim for ourselves and give over to our families ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื‘ึธึผื—ึทืจ ื‘ึธึผื ื•ึผ ืžึดื›ึธึผืœ ื”ึธืขึทืžึดึผื™ื ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืŸ ืœึธื ื•ึผ ืึถืช ืชึผื•ึนืจึธืชื•ึน.

Gut Yom Tov and gut Shabbos.

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