Shavuos

ื”ืœื›ื”

Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shpitzer Shlita

ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ

ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื—ืœ ื‘ืžื•”ืฉ

ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืขืจื‘ ื™ื•”ื˜, ื•ื‘ืงืคื™ื“ื ืฉืœ ืขืจื‘ ื™ื•”ื˜. ื•ื“ื ื• ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืื™ ืฉืจื™ ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช (ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช) ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื™ื•”ื˜, ืื• ื“ื”ื•ื™ ื”ื›ื ื”.

ื•ื”ื ื” ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืž”ื‘ ืกื™’ ืจ”ืฆ ื“ืฉืจื™ ืœื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื•”ืฉ ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื™ืืžืจ ื‘ืคื” ืฉื™ืฉืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื•”ืฉ. ื•ืขืคื™”ื– ื™ืฉ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื“ืฉืจื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ื ื•ืกื— ื•ืชืŸ ื˜ืœ ื•ืžื˜ืจ ืžืื” ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื•”ืฉ. ืื›ืŸ ื‘ืงื ื” ื‘ืฉื ื—”ื‘ ื™’ ื“ื—ื” ืจืื™ื” ื–ื• ื“ืฉืื ื™ ื”ืชื ืฉืจืง ืžื›ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืคื• ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื•”ืฉ ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืชื™ืงืŸ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืข”ืฉ. ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื›ืžื• ื“ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ื˜ืœ ื•ืžื˜ืจ ื›ืžื•”ื› ืื™ืŸ ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžื—ื–ื” ืืœื™ื”ื• ื ”ื– ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื˜ืขื ื“ืฉืจื™ ืœื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื”ื ืื”, ื•ืืฃ ืฉืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื• ืœืžื•”ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื›ื ื”, ื•ืœื ื“ืžื™ ืœืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ืคืฆื ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื›ื ื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ื ืื” ื‘ื• ื‘ื™ื•ื. ื•ื›ืขื™”ื– ืข’ ืฉืฉ”ื› ืคื›”ื— ืกืงืงืก”ื˜ ื•ืกืงืจ”ื– ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ื ”ืœ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื ื• ื“ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ืœื ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืžื—ืจ.

ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืœื›ื’ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืฉืจื™ ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืžืขืฉื” ื˜ื”ืจื” ื‘ืขืฆื. (ื•ืืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ืžืขืจื‘ ื™ื•”ื˜, ืž”ืž ื™ืฉ ืžืขืœื” ื‘ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ื•ืขืžืฉ”ื› ื‘ืžืง”ื ื‘ืฉื ืžื”ืจื™”ื— ื•ื™ื“ ืฉืื•ืœ).

ื•ืข’ ืฉืฉ”ื› ืคื›”ื— ืกืงืงืก”ื˜ ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืคื™ื• ืฉืœื•ืžื“ ืื• ืžื›ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื•”ืฉ, ื•ืข”ืฉ ืกืงืงืฆ”ื• ื›ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ืขื ื‘ื’ื“ ืฉื”ืฆ ืœื• ืœื ื™ืืžืจ ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืžืฉื•ื ืžื•”ืฉ.

 

ื•ื‘ื”ื ื“ืืกื•ืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื™ ื™ืฉืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื•”ืฉ, ื“ื ื• ืื ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื• ื›ื™ ืขื™”ื– ืžื‘ืจืจ ื˜ืขื ื”ืฉื™ื ื”. ื•ืœื›ื’ ื ”ืž ื‘ืื•ืžืจ ืœื‘ื ื• ืฉื™ื™ืฉืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืœื™ืœื”. ื•ืื™ ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื›ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ืื™ืกื•ืจ, ื•ืข’ ืืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ืื– ื ื“ื‘ืจื• ื—”ื ืข”ื˜ ื•ืขื•ื“. ื•ืœื›ื’ ืขื•ื“ ื ”ืž ื‘ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืข”ืฉ. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื•”ืฉ, ื”ืื ืืกื•ืจ ื’ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืขื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ื™ืฉืŸ.

(ื•ืข’ ืœื•ื— ื”ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืคืจืืง ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืขื™ื•”ื˜. ื•ืข”ืข ื•ื™ืฉืžืข ืžืฉื” ื—”ื‘ ืง”ื– ื“ืžืกืชืคืง ื”ื’ืจื™”ืฉ).

 

ื•ืข’ ื›”ืก ื™ื•”ื“ ืก”ื“ ื•ืง”ื— ืฉื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื—ื•ืœ. ื•ืข’ ืฉืฉ”ื› ืคื›”ื— ืกืขื™ืฃ ืค”ื“.

(ืื›ืŸ ืข’ ืก’ ืฉืžื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ืขืž’ ืจืก”ื”, ืžืขืฉื” ืจื”ื– ืฉืขืฉื” ืงื ื™ื™ื˜ืฉ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื—ืœื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื—ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืช).

ื•ืข’ ืื– ื ื“ื‘ืจื• ื•ืงื ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืขื•ื“ ื“ืฉืจื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืื• ืงืจื™ืื””ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ืžืกื‘ืจื ื”ื ”ืœ.

ื•ืข’ ื•ื™ืงืจ”ืจ ืœ”ื“ ื˜”ื– ืฉืœื ื™ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืชื—ื•ื ื‘ืžื•”ืฉ, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ืœืคื™ ื”ื ”ืœ, ื•ืœื›ื’ ืฆ”ืœ ื“ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ื ืื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืื ื–ื” ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื•, ื•ืฉืื ื™ ืžืž”ื‘ ืฉ”ื ื–’ ื“ื›ืœ ื“ืœื ืžื•ื›ื— ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ ืขื•ื ื’).

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืขื“ ื›ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช

Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Nosson Tzvi Finkel ztโ€l

ื‘ืื—ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ื”ื’ื™ืข ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ื ืชืŸ ืฆื‘ื™ ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ ืœืžื ื—ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”. ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืืžืจ ืœืžืœื•ื•ื”ื• ืฉื™ืœืš, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืœืœืžื•ื“.

ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื• ื›ืžื” ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™ ื—ืœืฉ ื•ืžื•ืชืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ, ื•ืฉืืœื• ืื•ืชื• ืื ืœืœื•ื•ืชื• ืœื‘ื™ืชื•, ื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืžืœื•ื•ื”ื• ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ื›ื— ื‘ืžืงื•ื. ืžืจืŸ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ืœื ื”ืกื›ื™ื ื•ืืžืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื•ืš: “ืื ื™ ืžืคื—ื“ ืœืœื›ืช, ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ื›ืขืกื• ืขืœื™”. (ื›ื ืจืื” ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืื—ืจื™ ืœื™ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขืจ, ืขืœ ืืฃ ื—ื•ืœืฉืชื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ืฉืืจ ืฉื•ื‘ ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”). ืจืง ืœืคื ื•ืช ืขืจื‘ ื”ืกื›ื™ื ืžืจืŸ ืฉื™ืœื•ื• ืื•ืชื• ืœื‘ื™ืชื•.

ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืจืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื—ืœืฉ ืขื“ ืฉืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ื›ืœืœ ืœื–ื•ื– ืœื‘ื“ื• ื•ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงื—ืชื• ืขื“ ืœื‘ื™ืชื•. ื›ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื‘ื™ืช, ืกื™ืžืŸ ืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™ ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™ื•ื• ืื•ืชื• ืฉื™ืžืชื™ื ื• ืื™ืชื• ื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื‘ื™ืช. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื— ืงืฆืช, ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืœืื•ืช ืชื•ื“ื” ื•ืคืจื™ื“ื”, ืื–ืจ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื ื•ืขืœื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช. ื ืจืื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉืžืชืืžืฅ ื”ื•ื ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื• ืœื‘ื™ืชื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœืฆืขืจ ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื›ืฉื™ืจืื• ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื—ืœืฉ ื”ื•ื.

ืื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ืงื ื™ืช ืืœื ื‘ื—ื‘ื•ืจื”

Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Refoel Shmulevitz, ztโ€l

ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื•ืขื“ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืฆืจืคืช.

ื. ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ื›ืฉืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืื™ืชื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช (ืก”ื’ ื‘’), ื”ืกื›ืช ื•ืฉืžืข ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ืกื›ืช, ืขืฉื• ื›ืชื•ืช ื›ืชื•ืช ื•ืขื™ืกืงื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืœืคื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ืงื ื™ืช ืืœื ื‘ื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ื›ื“ืจ”ื™ ื‘ืจ”ื— ื“ืืžืจ ืจ”ื™ ื‘ืจ”ื— ื—ืจื‘ ืืœ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ื ื•ืืœื•, ื—ืจื‘ ืขืœ ืฉื•ื ืื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืช”ื— ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ื“ (ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื“ื) ื•ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืœื ืขื•ื“ ืืœื ืฉืžื˜ืคืฉื™ื, ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื”ื›ื ื•ื ื•ืืœื•, ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืชื ืืฉืจ ื ื•ืืœื ื• ื•ื›ื•’.

ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ืžืฉ”ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ื“ ืฉื”ื ืžื™ื˜ืคืฉื™ื, ื›ื™ ื›ืฉืื“ื ืœื•ืžื“ ืœื‘ื“ื• ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉืžื™ื™ืฉืจ ื“ืจื›ื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืชืขืงื ื•ื”ื•ืœืš, ื•ืจืง ื›ืฉืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ืจื™ ื›”ื ืžื™ื™ืฉืจ ื•ืžื—ื“ื“ ืืช ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ื•ื›ืขื™”ื– ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืžืื™ืจื™ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉื, ื•ื–”ืœ ืœืขื•ืœื ื™ืขืฉื” ืื“ื ืœืขืฆืžื• ื—ื‘ืจ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืขืžื•, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืคืœืคื•ืœ ืžืฆื•ื™ ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ ืืœื ื›ืฉื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืžืขื•ืจืจื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉืืžืจื• ืื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืชื•ืงื ืช ืืœื ื‘ื—ื‘ื•ืจื”. [1]

ื•ืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ื•ืฉ, ืื™ืš ืฉืื“ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืชื•, ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืจื‘ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืจื” ืžืจื•ื—ืงืช, ื•ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืžื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืืจืฅ, ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉืคื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืืชื•, ื•ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื›ืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืœืžื“ ืœืขืฆืžื•. ื•ื‘ืืžืช ื›ืœ ื›ืžื” ืฉื”ืื“ื ืžื•ื›ืฉืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืš ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ื” ืž”ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืœืš”, ื›ืฉื ืฉื›ืฉืื“ื ื™ื•ืจื“ ืžื“ืจืš ื”ืžืœืš ื•ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœืฆื“, ื”ืจื™ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืจื—ื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืขืงืžื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ื” ืžื“ืจืš ื”ืžืœืš.

ื‘. ืื›ืŸ ื‘ืื•ื””ื— (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™”ื˜ ื’’) ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืข”ื, ืฉื›’ ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื•ื™ื—ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื’ื“ ื”ื”ืจ, ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ”ื™ ืฉื ื›ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ ืื—ื“, ื•ื›’ ื‘ื“”ื ื–ื•ื˜ื ืคืจืง ื”ืฉืœื•ื, ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืฉื ืื• ื‘ื ”ื™ ืืช ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื•ืื”ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื•ื ืขืฉื” ื—ื ื™ื™ื” ืื—ืช, ื”ืจื™ ื”ืฉืขื” ืฉืืชืŸ ืœื”ื ืืช ืชื•ืจืชื™. ื•ื›’ ื‘ืื•ื””ื— ื•ืขื ื™ืŸ ื’’ [ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”] ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ื”ืชื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ ืฉืœื ื•ืชืžื™ื, ืœื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• “ื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ื“” ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ืืžืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื—ืจื‘ ืืœ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื, ืืœื ื™ืชื•ืขื“ื• ื™ื—ื“ ื•ื™ื—ื“ื“ื• ื–ืœ”ื– ื•ื™ืกื‘ื™ืจื• ืคื ื™ื ื–ืœ”ื–, ื•ื›ื ื’ื“ ื–ื” ืืžืจ ื•ื™ื—ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื™ื—ื“, ืฉื ืขืฉื• ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื›ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“, ื•ื”ื ืขืชื” ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขื›”ื“. ื”ืจื™ ืฉืขื ื™ืŸ “ื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ื“” ืื™ื ื• ืžืฆื“ ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“, ืืœื ื”ื•ื ืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคื ”ืข, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ืงื ื™ืช ืืœื ื‘ื—ื‘ื•ืจื”. ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฆ”ืœ ืฉื”ืœื•ืžื“ ืฉืœื ื‘ื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืœื ืจืง ืฉ”ืื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ืงื ื™ืช ืœื•”, ืืœื ื”ื•ื ืžืื‘ื“ ื’ื ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื•, ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื•ืœื ืขื•ื“ ืืœื ืฉืžื˜ืคืฉื™ื.

ื•ืืืžื•”ืจ ื–ืฆ”ืœ (ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจ ืžืืžืจ ืขื) ื‘ื™ืืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืื•ื””ื— ืข”ืค ืžืฉ”ื ื—ื–”ืœ (ื•ื™ืง”ืจ ืจื™ืฉ ื•ื™ืงืจื) ื”ืจ ืชื ื—ื•ืžื ื‘”ืจ ื—ื ื™ืœืื™, ื‘ื ื•ื”ื’ ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืžืฉื ืฉืงืฉื” ืœืื—ื“ ื ื•ื— ืœืฉื ื™ื, ืงืฉื” ืœืฉื ื™ื ื ื•ื— ืœืืจื‘ืขื”, [ื•ืื™ืœื• ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”] ืžืฉื ืฉืงืฉื” ืœืก’ ืจื‘ื•ื, ื ื•ื— ืœืื—ื“ (ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื•), ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื™ืคืœื ืฉืžืฉื ื ื•ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื›ื•ื‘ื“ ืžืชื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื”ื, ื•ื›”ื ืื™ื ื• ื ื•ืฉื ืืœื ื—ืฆื™ื•, ืื‘ืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื” ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ื”ื ื”ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื, ื•ื”ืจื™ ื›”ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื•.

ื•ื‘ื™ืืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•, ืืœื ืœื›ืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื—ื“. ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื‘ื–ื” ืขืคืžืฉ”ื› ื‘ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจ”ืŸ (ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื’) ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื ืขื ืฉ ื‘ืืžืจื• ืฉืžืขื• ื ื ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื, ืืข”ืค ืฉื›”ื ื•ืื—ื“ ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœื–ื”, ืืš ื ืขื ืฉ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื›ืš ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื•ืข”ืฉ ืฉื›’ ืฉื”ื›ืœืœ ื™ืงื ื” ืฉื‘ื— ื•ืžืขืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืžืฆื“ ืคืจื˜ื™ื• ื™ืขื•”ืฉ, ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืจื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืก’ ืจื‘ื•ื ืื™ื ื ืก’ ืจื‘ื•ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื, ืืœื ื”ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืฉื›ื—ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืก’ ืจื‘ื•ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ื•ื— ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

ืืš ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื—ื“, ื•ืœื ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ืฉืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืข”ื– ืชื ืื™, ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ื•ืœื ื›ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ ืื—ื“, ืฉืขื™”ื› ื ืขืฉื™ื ื›ื•ืœื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื—ื“, ื•ื›”ื” ื‘ืชื ื—ื•ืžื (ื ืฆื‘ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ืื•ืช ื’) ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœืš ื”’ ืœืื•ืจ ืขื•ืœื, ืื™ืžืชื™ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืชื”ื™ื• ื›ื•ืœื›ื ืื’ื•ื“ื” ืื—ืช, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ื•ืœื›ื ื”ื™ื•ื, ื‘ื ื•ื”ื’ ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื ืื ื ื•ื˜ืœ ืื“ื ืื’ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืงื ื™ื ื•ื›ื•’ ื•ื›ืŸ ืืชื” ืžื•ืฆื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื’ืืœื™ื ืขื“ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ื•ืœื ืื’ื•ื“ื” ืื—ืช ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ื›ื•’, ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ืื’ื•ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืคื ื™ ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืขื›”ืœ. ื”ืจื™ ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืฉื”ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืคื ื™ ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ื•ืœื ืื’ื•ื“ื” ืื—ืช, ื•ื–ื”ื• ืžืฉ”ื ื‘ื“ื”ื– ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื”ื‘ื• ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื•ื›ื•’ ื•ื ืขืฉื• ื—ื ื™ื™ื” ืื—ืช ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื”ืฉืขื” ืฉืืชืŸ ืœื”ื ืชื•ืจืชื™, ืขื›”ื“ ืืืžื•”ืจ ื–ืฆ”ืœ.

ื’. ื•ื”ื ื” ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘”ื ืค”ื• ื“ืขื•ืช ื””ื‘ ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืœื”ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ื‘ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืžืขืฉื™ื”ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ื‘ื• ืชื“ื‘ืง, ื•ื›ื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืื“ื ืœื”ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ืฉื›ื™ื ื”, ืืœื ื›ืš ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื•, ื”ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ื‘ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื”ื, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืื“ื ืœื”ืฉืชื“ืœ ืฉื™ืฉื ื‘ืช ืช”ื— ื•ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื• ืœืช”ื— ื•ื›ื•’ ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœื”ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ.

ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืžื•ืจื™ื, ืื™ ื‘ืข”ื” ืฉืžืฆื•ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืฉื™ืฉื ื‘ืช ืช”ื—, ื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœืื“ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื• ืœืข”ื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืคืกื—ื™ื ืž”ื˜ ื‘’, ื•ื›ืŸ ืœืื™ื–ื” ืื‘ ื ืืžืจ ืœื”ืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื• ืœืช”ื—, ืื ื”ื•ื ืข”ื” ื”ืจื™ ืืžืจื• ืฉืœื ื™ืฉื ืื“ื ื‘ืช ืข”ื”, ื•ื”ื› ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืื‘ ืช”ื— ื•ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืช”ื—, ื•ืืข”ืค ืฉื›”ื ืžื”ื ืช”ื— ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืงื” ื‘ื• ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืื‘ ืช”ื— ืœื”ืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื• ืœืช”ื— ื•ืžืฆื•ื” ืขืœ ืช”ื— ืฉื™ืฉื ื‘ืช ืช”ื—, ื•ื–ื” ื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›”ื ืžื”ื ืช”ื— ื‘ืค”ืข, ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืข”ื™ ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ื‘ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื”ื, [ื•ืื›ืŸ ื•ื“ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืžืฆื•ื” ืฉืืžืจื• ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืช”ื— ื•ืž”ืž ืื™ื ื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืข”ื”, ืืš ื ืจืื” ืฉืœื ืจืง ื‘ื”ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืืœื ืืฃ ื›ืฉืฉื ื™ื”ื ืช”ื— ืžืฆื•ื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื”ื“ื‘ืง ื–ื‘”ื–, ื•ืข”ื™ ื›ืŸ ื”ื ื“ื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ืฉื›ื™ื ื”].

ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื”ื ”ืœ ื‘ื™ืืจ ืืืžื•”ืจ ื“ืœื ืจืง ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืœื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื›ืœ ืฉืžืชืื’ื“ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ืžืชื’ื“ืœ ื›ื—ื, ื•ื›ืžืฉ”ื ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื•ืจื“ืคื• ืžื›ื ื—ืžืฉื” ืžืื”, ื•ืžืื” ืžื›ื ืจื‘ื‘ื” ื™ืจื“ื•ืคื• (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›”ื• ื—), ื•ื‘ืชื•”ื› ืฉื ื•ื›ื™ ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืืœื ืžืื” ืžื›ื ืฉื ื™ ืืœืคื™ื ื™ืจื“ื•ืคื•, ืืœื ืื™ื ื• ื“ื•ืžื” ืžื•ืขื˜ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืžืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืฉืžืกืคืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื’ื•ื“ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชื’ื“ืœ ื›ื—ื” ืคื™ ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื”.

ื•ื›ืŸ ืื™ืชื ื‘ื’ืž’ ืกื•ื›ื” ืž”ื” ื‘’ “ื”ืจ ื™ืจืžื™ื” ืžืฉื•ื ืจืฉื‘”ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืื ื™ ืœืคื˜ื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื•ื ืฉื ื‘ืจืืชื™ ืขื“ ืขืชื”, ื•ืืœืžืœื ืืœืขื–ืจ ื‘ื ื™ ืขืžื™, ืžื™ื•ื ืฉื ื‘ืจื ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื•ืืœืžืœื ื™ื•ืชื ื‘ืŸ ืขื•ื–ื™ื”ื• ืขืžื ื•, ืžื™ื•ื ืฉื ื‘ืจื ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขื“ ืกื•ืคื•”. ื”ื ื” ื’ื ื›ืืŸ ื›ื— ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืคื™ ื›ืžื” ืžื›ื— ื”ืื—ื“, ื•ื›ื— ื”ืฉืœืฉื” ืžื›ื— ื”ืฉื ื™ื.

ืฉื ื™ ืช”ื— ื”ื“ื‘ืงื™ื ื–ื‘”ื– ืžืขืœืชื ืžืชื’ื“ืœืช, ื•ืื“ืจื‘ื” ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืช”ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื›ืœื™ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืคืข ืžื—ื‘ื™ืจื•.

ื•ืฉืžืขืชื™ ื‘ืฉื ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืคื—ื“ ื™ืฆื—ืง, ื”ื ื” ื›ืฉื ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ื™ื—ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื’ื“ ื”ื”ืจ, ื›ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ ื•ื‘ืœื‘ ืื—ื“, ื›ืš ื ืืžืจ ื’ื ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื•ื”ื ื” ืžืฆืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืข ืื—ืจื™ื”ื, ื•ืคื™’ ืจืฉ”ื™ ื‘ืœื‘ ืื—ื“ ื›ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“. ืื›ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ืœ”ื–, ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื”ื’ื™ืขื ืœื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื ืืžืจ ื›ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“, ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ, ื•ื‘ืœื‘ ืื—ื“ ืฉื’ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื˜ืจืชื ืฉื•ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ืืžืจื• ืœื”ื™ืคืš, ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืœื‘ ืื—ื“, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื ืžื˜ืจื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช, ืœืจื“ื•ืฃ ืื—ืจ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื›ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื ื”ื™ื• ืžืคื•ืœื’ื™ื ื•ืžืคื•ืจื“ื™ื, ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœืขืฆืžื•, ื•ืจืง ืข”ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ื• ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื–ื” ื›ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ.

ื“. ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืฉื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ื”ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ “ื›ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ ื•ื‘ืœื‘ ืื—ื“” ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื“ ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืฉืžืขืชื™ ื‘ืฉื ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืžืœืš ืฉื—ื™ื‘ื‘ ืกื•ืกื™ื ืžืฉื•ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื• ืกื•ืก ืžืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœื— ืœืงื ื•ืชื•, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืจืชื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื‘ืชื• ืฉืฉื” ืžืžื™ื˜ื‘ ืกื•ืกื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื™ืžื™ื ื ืชืงืขื” ืžืจื›ื‘ืชื• ื‘ื‘ื•ืฅ ื•ืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ื”ืกื•ืกื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ื‘ื—ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ืื” ืžืžื ื•, ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื›ืื•ืช ืฉื”ื›ื” ื‘ื”ื ืœื ื”ื•ืขื™ืœื• ื›ืœื•ื. ื‘ืขื•ื“ื ืชืžื”ื™ื ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื‘ืจ ืฉื ื›ืคืจื™ ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืขื’ืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ืจืชื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื” ืฉื ื™ ืกื•ืกื™ื ื–ืงื ื™ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืฉื™ื, ื ื›ื ืกื• ืืฃ ื”ื ืœื‘ื•ืฅ ื•ื™ืฆืื• ืžืžื ื• ื‘ืงืœื•ืช. ืงืจื ืœื• ื”ืžืœืš ื•ืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื• ืื™ืš ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืกื•ืกื™ืš ื”ื—ืœืฉื™ื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ืขื’ืœืชืš ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื•ืฅ, ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ื›ืคืจื™ ื”ืชืจ ืืช ืกื•ืกื™ืš, ื•ืื ื™ ืืจืชื•ื ืืช ืกื•ืกื™ ืœืžืจื›ื‘ืชืš ื•ื”ื ื™ื•ืฆื™ืื•ืš ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื•ืฅ, ืฆื—ืง ืžืžื ื• ื”ืžืœืš ื•ืืžืจ ืœื•, ืžื” ื™ื•ืขืœื• ืกื•ืกื™ืš ื”ื—ืœืฉื™ื ืžื” ืฉืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื”ืกื•ืกื™ื ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช. ื‘ืœื™ืช ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ื”ืกื›ื™ื ื”ืžืœืš ืœื”ืฆืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืคืจื™, ื•ืื›ืŸ ืกื•ืกื™ื• ื”ื–ืงื ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ืœืฉื™ื ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืจื›ื›ื” ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื•ืฅ. ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ ืœืžืœืš ื”ืžืฉืชืื”, ืื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืกื•ืกื™ืš ืžืฉื•ื‘ื— ื”ื•ื ืžืื™ืŸ ื›ืžื•ืชื•, ื•ืžืฉืจืช ืื•ืชืš ื ืืžื ื”, ืืš ืฉื•ื ืื™ื ื”ื ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื—ื“. ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ื›ื™ืช ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื, ืื–ื™ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื• ืขื•ื“ ืžืฉื›ื• ืืช ื”ืžืจื›ื‘ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื”ื›ื•ืชื• ืขื•ื“. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ืกื•ืกื™ ื’ื“ืœื• ื‘ืื•ืจื•ื” ืื—ืช ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ื”ื, ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื”ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื–ื” ืœื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืžืจื•ืช ื—ื•ืœืฉืชื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉื›ืœ ืกื•ืกื™ืš ื”ืžืขื•ืœื™ื ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื•.

ืžืฉืœ ื–ื” ืžืฉืžืฉ ื’ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื•, ืœื ืืžืจื• ืฉื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, “ื—ืžืฉื” ืžื›ื ืจื‘ื‘ื” ื™ืจื“ื•ืคื•”, ืืœื ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœื• ืžืื•ื—ื“, ื•ื›”ื ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ืขื•ืœ ืขื ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ื“ื•ืื’ ืขืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ืชื• ืฉืžื— ื‘ืฉืžื—ืชื• ื•ืžืฉืชืชืฃ ืขืžื• ื‘ืฆืขืจื•, ืื™ืฉ ืืช ืจืขื”ื• ื™ืืžืจ ื—ื–ืง, ืขื•ืœื™ื ื›ื•ืœื ืžืขืœื” ืžืขืœื”. ืืš ืื™ืœื• ื›”ื ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืขืฆืžื•, ื•ืขื™ื ื• ืจืขื” ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ืช ื—ื‘ื™ืจื™ื•, ื”ืจื™ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืขืฆืžื•, ื•ืœื ืขื•ื“ ืฉื›ื—ื• ืงื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ื— ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›”ื ืžืคืจื™ืข ืœืฉื ื™.

[1] ย ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžืกื™ืœืช ื™ืฉืจื™ื ืคื™”ื“ ืฉื›ืชื‘, “ื•ื”ืคืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื‘ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ืช ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื• ืืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ื” ื›ืจืื•ื™, ื•ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื˜ื” ื’ื ื‘ื–ื” ืืœ ื”ืงืฆื” ื”ืื—ืจ, ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืืžืจื• ื–”ืœ, ืœืขื•ืœื ืชื”ื ื“ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ืช ืขื ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืŸ ืืžืจื•, ื—ืจื‘ ืืœ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ื ื•ืืœื•”, ื—ืจื‘ ืขืœ ืฉื•ื ืื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ื“ ื•ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืืœื ื™ืชื—ื‘ืจ ื”ืื“ื ืขื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื–ืžืŸ ืžื” ืฉืžืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ื• ืื• ืœืคืจื ืกืชื•”. ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉืคื™’ “ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ื“”, ืœื ืขืœ ื”ืชื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืขืฆืžื, ืืœื ืฉืœื ืœืคืจื•ืฉ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ืช, ื•ืœ”ืž ื›ืŸ ื‘ื’ืž’ ืฉื, ืฉื“ื™ืžื• ืœื”ื ื“ืืžืจื• ืื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ืงื ื™ืช ืืœื ื‘ื—ื‘ื•ืจื”.

ืกื•ื“ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื”

Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Aryeh Finkel, ztโ€l

ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืื ื• ื‘ืคืชื—ื• ืฉืœ ื—ื’ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจืชื™ื ื• ื•ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข ื™ืฉื ื” ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืฉืคืข ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื”ื› ืžื”ื™ ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ื”ืจืื•ื™ื” ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื” ื ื–ื›ื” ืœื‘ืจื›ื” ืขืฆื•ืžื” ื–ื•.

ืชื•ืจื” ืขื ืชืคื™ืœื”

ื‘ื’ืž’ ื‘ื ื“ื” ืข: ืื™ืชื ‘ืฉืืœื• ืื ืฉื™ ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจื™ื ืืช ืจ’ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื—ื ื ื™ื ืžื” ื™ืขืฉื” ืื“ื ื•ื™ื—ื›ื ืืžืจ ืœื”ืŸ ื™ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ื™ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืกื—ื•ืจื” ืืžืจื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืฉื• ื›ืŸ ื•ืœื ื”ื•ืขื™ืœ ืœื”ื ืืœื ื™ื‘ืงืฉื• ืจื—ืžื™ื ืžืžื™ ืฉื”ื—ื›ืžื” ืฉืœื• ืฉื ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื”’ ื™ืชืŸ ื—ื›ืžื” ืžืคื™ื• ื“ืขืช ื•ืชื‘ื•ื ื”, ื•ื”ื ื‘ืœื ื”ื ืœื ืกื’ื™’

‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืฉื• ื›ืŸ ื•ืœื ื”ื•ืขื™ืœ ืœื”ื’ ื”ื ืœืžื“ื• ื•ืขืกืงื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื ืืš ืœื ื”ื•ืขื™ืœ ื‘ื™ื“ื ื›ื™ ืกื•ื“ ‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ‘ื›ื™ ื”’ ื™ืชืŸ ื—ื›ืžื” ืžืคื™ื• ื“ืขืช ื•ืชื‘ื•ื ื”’ ื•ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืจื—ืžื™ื ื•ืœืœื ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ื ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืฉื•ื ืžืขืœื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื”.

ืื›ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืœื ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื›ื™ ‘ื”ื ื‘ืœื ื”ื ืœื ืกื’ื™’ ื•ืขืœ ืžื” ืชื—ื•ืœ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืื ืื™ื ื• ืขืžืœ ืื›ืŸ ื•ื™ื’ืข ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืจืื•ื™.

ื•ืขื•ืžืง ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื ืฉ’ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืžืœื‘ื“ื•’ ื•ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ืœ ื•ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื• ืื™ืŸ ืœืื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ื”ื› ื”ืœื•ืžื“ ื‘ืœื ืฉืžืชืคืœืœ ื ื“ืžื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื• ืฉืกื•ื“ ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื• ืชืœื•ื™ ืืš ื‘ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื• ื•ืžืืžืฆื•, ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ื“ืข ืœืืžืช ืฉื‘ืœื ืฉื™ืงื‘ืœ ืžื”ืงื‘”ื” ืืฃ ืื ื™ืขืžื•ืœ ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ื• ืžืื•ืžื” ืœื ื™ืฆืœื™ื—, ื›ื™ ื”ื›ืœ ืžื”ืฉื ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื’ื ื›ืฉืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื’ื ื”ื‘ื ืชื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืข”ื– ื‘ื—ื–”ืœ ‘ื™ื’ืขืช ื•ืžืฆืืช ืชืืžื™ืŸ’ ื’ื ืื ‘ื™ื’ืขืชื™’ ืกื•”ืก ‘ืžืฆืืชื™’ (ื”ื’ืจ”ื), ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื’ื ื–ื” ‘ืžืฆื™ืื”’ ื›ื™ ื”ื›ืœ ืžืชื ืช ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืœื ืงืฉืจ ืœื™ื’ื™ืขืชื•, ืื•ืœื ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื’ื ืžื•ื›ืจื— ืขืžืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื›ื ”ืœ, ื›ื™ ื’ื ื‘ืœื ืฉื™ื’ืขืช ืื ืžืฆืืช ืืœ ืชืืžื™ืŸ, ื•ื“ื•”ืง.

‘ื“ืจืฉื• ื”’ ื•ืขื•ื–ื• ื‘ืงืฉื• ืคื ื™ื• ืชืžื™ื“’ (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงื” ื“) ื•ื‘ื™ืืจ ื”ื’ืจ”ื (ืžืฉืœื™) ‘ื“ืจืฉื• ื”’ ื•ืขื•ื–ื•’ – ื–ื” ืขืกืง ย ย ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ‘ื‘ืงืฉื• ืคื ื™ื• ืชืžื™ื“’ – ื–ื” ืข”ื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”.

ื›ืš ื–ื•ื›ื” ื”ืื“ื ืœืชื•ืจื” ื›ื™ ื”ื–ื›ื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื–ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื”ื›ืจื” ืฉื”’ ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ‘ื›ื™ ื”’ ื™ืชืŸ ย ย ย ื›ืš ื—ื›ืžื”’, ื•ืื ื• ืžืขืฆืžื™ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื›ืœื•ื ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ืฉื’ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืจืง ืžื”’ ื”ืžืœืžื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืœืขืžื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื”ื”ื•ื“ืื” ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”

ื‘ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ืจืžื™ื” ื›ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืคื•ืจืขื ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื•ืžืจ (ื˜, ื™ื) ‘ืžื™ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื—ื›ื ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืืช ื–ืืช ื•ืืฉืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืคื™ ื”’ ืืœื™ื• ื•ื™ื’ื™ื“ื” ืขืœ ืžื” ืื‘ื“ื” ื”ืืจืฅ ื ืฆืชื” ื›ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืžื‘ืœื™ ืขื•ื‘ืจ’. ื•ื‘ื’ืž’ ื ื“ืจื™ื ืคื. ืื™ืชื ืขืœ ื–ื” ‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื ืฉืืœ ืœื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ืœื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื•ืœื ืคืจืฉื•ื”ื• ืขื“ ืฉืคืจืฉื• ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉื ื—) ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”’ ืขืœ ืขื–ื‘ื ืืช ืชื•ืจืชื™ ื•ืœื ืฉืžืขื• ื‘ืงื•ืœื™ ื•ืœื ื”ืœื›ื• ื‘ื”. ืฉื•ืืœืช ื”ื’ืž’ ื”ื™ื ื• ืœื ืฉืžืขื• ื‘ืงื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ื ื• ืœื ื”ืœื›ื• ื‘ื”, ื•ืžืชืจืฆืช ื”ื’ืž’ – ืฉืœื ื‘ืจื›ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืชื—ื™ืœื”.

ื•ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื ื” ื”ืžื•ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ืจ”ืŸ ืฉื ืฉื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืขืกืงื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžื•ื›ื— ื–ืืช ืžื›ืš ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืœืคืจืฉ ืขืœ ืžื” ืื‘ื“ื” ื”ืืจืฅ ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ืฆืจืš ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืœืคืจืฉ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ‘ืขืœ ืขื–ื‘ื ืชื•ืจืชื™’ ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื›ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืฅ ืœื ืจืื• ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœืคื•ืจืขื ื•ืช ื•ืจืง ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ืžืขืžืงื™ ื”ืœื‘ ืคืจืฉ ืขืœ ืขื–ื‘ื ืืช ืชื•ืจืชื™ – ืฉืœื ื‘ืจื›ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืชื—ื™ืœื”.

ื•ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื“ืื” ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื ืฉืœื ื”ื•ื“ื• ื’ื ืœื ื‘ืงืฉื•ย  ืžื”’ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืชื•ืจื” ื•ืขื•ืžืง ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœื ืขืกืงื• ื‘ื” ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืจื” ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืžืชื ื” ืžื”’ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ืจืื• ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžื”’ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื•ื’ื ืœื ื”ื•ื“ื• ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ื”ื›ืจื” ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืžืืชื•

ื”ืœื•ืžื“ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจ ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืžื”ืฉื ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ืคืจื•ืฉื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืžื•ื“ื• ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื ืืœื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืข”ืž ื”ืœื•ืžื“ ืœืงื ื˜ืจ, ื•ืื•ืชื ืฉืœื ื‘ื™ืจื›ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื’ื ื”ืคืกื™ืงื• ืžืœื™ืžื•ื“ื ื›ืฉืœื ืจืื• ืฆื•ืจืš ื•ื–ืืช ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื ื”ื™ื” ืข”ืž ืœืงื ื˜ืจ.

ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืงื ื™ืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืžืงื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ืชื ‘ื–ื” ื”ืื•ืžืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืื•ืžืจื• ื”ื ืœืžื“ืช ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืžืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืื•ืžืจื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื’ืื•ืœื” ืœืขื•ืœื ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ืชืืžืจ ืืกืชืจ ืœืžืœืš ื‘ืฉื ืžืจื“ื›ื™’, ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืžืขืœื” ื–ื• ืœืงื ื™ื ื™ ืชื•ืจื”.

ื•ืžื‘ืืจ ื”ืžื”ืจ”ืœ (ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘’ืœื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื•’) ืฉืื“ื ื”ืœื•ืžื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืขืžืœ ื•ื™ื’ืข ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื“ื• ื•ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืขื“ ืฉืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื‘ื ื” ื–ื• ื‘ืฉื ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืื™ื ื• ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืืช ื–ื” ืฉื”ืขืžื™ื“ื• ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ื•ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืฉื ืื•ืžืจื• ื•ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฆืžื• ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขืฆืžื•, ืื•ืชื• ืื“ื ื’ื ื›ืฉื™ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื“ื• ืœื ื™ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžื”’ ืืœื ื™ืชื’ืื” ื•ื™ืชืคืืจ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื›ืฉืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื™ืคืš ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืขื ื•ื” ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืžื”’, ื•ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืžื”ืจ”ืœ ืฉืœืื“ื ื›ื–ื” ืฉืœื ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืฉื ืื•ืžืจื• ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืฆื” ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืœืชืช ืœื• ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ื™ ื’ื ืฉื™ืฉื™ื’ ืžืขืฆืžื•, ืœื ื™ื“ืข ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืฉืžื‘ืœืขื“ื™ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื›ืœื•ื.

ื•ื‘ืื•ืจ ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” ‘ื”ื ืœืžื“ืช ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืžืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืื•ืžืจื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื’ืื•ืœื” ืœืขื•ืœื’ ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื” ืืกืชืจ ืœืžืœืš ื‘ืฉื ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืฉื™ื›ืœื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœืžืœืš ื‘ืฉื ืขืฆืžื” ื•ืข”ื™ ื›ืš ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืืฆืœ ื”ืžืœืš ืื‘ืœ ืืกืชืจ ืืžืจื” ื‘ืฉื ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื•ืœื ื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ืœืขืฆืžื” ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื” ืจื•ืฆื” ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ื›ืœืœ ืœืขืฆืžื”, ื•ืืข”ืค ืฉื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ื™ื›ืœื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืžื›ื— ื”ืฉืคืขืชื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืœืš ื’ืจืžื” ืœื’ืื•ืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืงื‘”ื”

‘ื•ื”ืื™ืฉ ืžืฉื” ืขื ื™ื• ืžืื•ื“ ืžื›ืœ ื”ืื“ื ืืฉืจ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืื“ืžื”’ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื‘ ื’) ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื™ื“ืข ืžืฉื” ืฉืžืขืœืชื• ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื› ืœื ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืืžืจ ‘ื•ื ื—ื ื• ืžื”’ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื˜ื– ื–-ื—) ืืœื ื”ื‘ืื•ืจ ืฉื”ื›ื™ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžืขืœื” ืžืขืฆืžื• ื•ื›ืœ ืžืขืœื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื ืจืง ืžื”ืงื‘”ื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืย  ืžื“ืช ื”ืขื ื•ื”, ืฉื‘ื›ืš ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื” [ื•ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืš ื–ื›ื” ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”).

ืขื•ื“ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ‘ื”ืฉืžืจ ืœืš ืคืŸ ืชืฉื›ื— ืืช ื”’ ืืœืงื™ืš ืคืŸ ืชืื›ืœ ื•ืฉื‘ืขืช ื•ื‘ืชื™ื ืชื‘ื ื” ื•ื™ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื‘ืงืจืš ื•ืฆืื ืš ื™ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ื•ื›ืกืฃ ื•ื–ื”ื‘ ื™ืจื‘ื” ืœืš ื•ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืœืš ื™ืจื‘ื” ื•ืจื ืœื‘ื‘ืš ื•ืฉื›ื—ืช ืืช ื”’ ืืœืงื™ืš’ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—) ื›ืฉืžืชื’ืื” ืื“ื ื•ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืฆืœื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื• ืžื’ื™ืข ืœ’ืจื ืœื‘ื‘ืš ื•ืฉื›ื—ืช’.

ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืฉืื–ื”ืจื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืžืชื ืช ื”’ ืืœื ื’ื ืขืœ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืงื™ืžืช ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืื–ื”ืจื” ื–ื• ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื•ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ืžืขืœื” ืฉืžืฉื™ื’ื™ื ืื ื• ื‘ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื–ื” ืœื ืžื›ื— ืจื•ื‘ ื›ืฉืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื—ื›ืžื” ืืœื ื”ื›ืœ ืจืง ืžื“’ ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ‘ื›ื™ ื”’ ื™ืชืŸ ื—ื›ืžื”’, ื•ื›ืžื• ื‘ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืื ืื“ื ืœื ื™ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉืจื ืœื‘ื‘ืš ื•ืฉื›ื—ืช ืืช ื”’ ืืœืงื™ืš ื•ื™ืืžืจ ‘ื›ื—ื™ ื•ืขื•ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ืขืฉื” ืœื™ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืœ ื”ื–ื”’ (ืฉื) ื•ื™ื™ื—ืก ื”ื›ืœ ืœืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ื”ืžืชื’ืื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื ื™ ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืข”ื– ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื—”ื› (ืคืกื•ืง ื™”ื˜) ‘ืื ืฉื›ื— ืชืฉื›ื— ืืช ื”’ ืืœืงื™ืš ืื‘ื•ื“ ืชืื‘ื“ื•ืŸ’ ื•ื–ื”ื• ืžื” ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืขืœ ืžื” ืื‘ื“ื” ื”ืืจืฅ โ€“ ืขืœ ืขื–ื‘ื ืืช ืชื•ืจืชื™, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื›ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืžื“ื” ืฉืœ ‘ื•ืจื ืœื‘ื‘ืš’ ื•ืžื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ื›ืœ ืœื›ื— ื”ืื“ื ืžื’ื™ืข ‘ืื‘ื•ื“ ืชืื‘ื“ื•ืŸ’, ืจื—”ืœ.

ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉืื•ืžืจ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืื—”ื› (ืฉื ื›”ื‘) ‘ืืœ ื™ืชื”ืœืœ ื—ื›ื ื‘ื—ื›ืžืชื• ื•ืืœ ื™ืชื”ืœืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื• ื•ืืœย ย  ื•ื–ื”ื• ื™ืชื”ืœืœ ืขืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืขืฉืจื•’ ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืฉื—ื›ื ื‘ื—ื›ืžืชื• ื”ื›ื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื—ื›ืžืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืชื’ืื” ืขืœ ืจื•ื‘ ืขืžืœื• ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืขืฉื™ืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžืชื’ืื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื•ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื“ืื’ ืœื—ืœืฉ ื•ื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ืฉืกื™ื™ืข ืœืขื ื™, ืืš ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืฉืืฃ ื‘ื–ืืช ื”ื ืฉื™ืชื”ืœืœ ื›ื™ ื”ื›ืœ ืจืง ืžื”’ ื™ืชื‘ืจืš, ืืœื ‘ื›ื™ ืื ื‘ื–ืืช ื™ืชื”ืœืœ ื”ืžืชื”ืœืœ โ€“ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื•ื™ื“ื•ืข ืื•ืชื™’, ื‘ื–ื” ืœื‘ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื”ืœืœ ืฉืžื›ื™ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื–ื” ืจืง ืžื”’ ื•ื™ื•ื“ืข ืืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ‘ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ื“’ ืขื•ืฉื” ื—ืกื“ ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ืฆื“ืงื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื›ื™ ื‘ืืœื” ื—ืคืฆืชื™ ื ืื•ื ื”’ (ืฉื).

ื•ื–ื”ื• ืขื•ืžืง ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื”ืžื›ื™ืจ ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืžื”ืฉื ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืชื•ืจื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื–ื›ื•ืชื• ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ื™ ื™ื•ื—ืกื” ืœืงื‘”ื”.

ื›ืœ ืœื•ืžื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื–ื” ืฉื›ืœ ืฉืžืฉื™ื’ ื”ื‘ื ื” ื•ืžืขืœื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื–ื” ืœื ืžืขืฆืžื• ย ื›ืœ ืืœื ืžื”’ ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžื”’ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืงื•ืฉื™’ ืฉืœ ื’ืž’ ื•ื›ืœ ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืชืคื™ืœื” ืœื”’ ืฉื™ื–ื›ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”’ ื™ืชืŸ ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืฉื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”’ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืœ ืงื•ืฉื™ ื•ื›ืœ ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”’ ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ.

ื•ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืื ื• ื‘’ืื”ื‘ื” ืจื‘ื”’ โ€“ ‘ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ืื‘ ื”ืจื—ืžืŸ ื”ืžืจื—ื ื•ื›ื•’ ื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื•ืœืœืžื“ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื•ืœืงื™ื™ื ื•ื›ื•’, ื•ื‘’ื•ื‘ื ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ’ ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ‘ื”ื•ื ื™ืคืชื— ืœื‘ื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจืชื• ื•ื™ืฉื ื‘ืœื‘ื ื• ืื”ื‘ืชื• ื•ื™ืจืืชื•, ืœืžืขืŸ ืœื ื ื™ื’ืข ืœืจื™ืง‘ โ€“ ื›ื™ ื”ืœื•ืžื“ ืข”ืž ืœืงื ื˜ืจ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืœื•ืžื“ ืœืจื™ืง ื—”ื•.

ื•ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื ‘ืฉื™ืคืชื— ืœื‘ื ื•’ โ€“ ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืฉื™ืคืชื— ื”ืœื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืœื‘, ืคื•ืชื— ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืœืื“ื ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื™ื‘ื• ืœื”ืฉื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืžื‘ืงืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื• ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื”, ื•ื”ื› ื”ืื“ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืืช ืœื™ื‘ื• ื•ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืžื‘ื™ื ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืœืœื‘ ‘ืจื—ืžื ื ืœื™ื‘ื ื‘ืขื™’ ื”ืœื‘ ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ืืฆืœ ื”ืงื‘”ื”.

ื”ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื›ืขืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืื ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืจืง ืข”ื™ ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ืขืžืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื›ืื•ืชื ื”ืžืขื˜ื™ื ืฉื›ืŸ ืขืœืชื” ื‘ื™ื“ื (ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืฉื• ื›ืŸ ื•ืœื ื”ื•ืขื™ืœ ืœื”ื, ืืš ืžืขื˜ื™ื ื›ืŸ) ื•ื–ื” ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืจื‘ื• ื’ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื’ื ื‘ืขืกืง ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื™ ืจืง ื›ืš ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื”.

ื™ื–ื›ื ื• ื”’ ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ืžืžืฉ ืœืงื•ืœ ื”ืื“ื™ืจ ืฉื™ืฉืžืข ื‘ืขืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžื•ืกืฃ ื™ื–ื›ื ื• ‘ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ืฉืžื™ืขื ื• ื‘ืจื—ืžื™ื• ืฉื ื™ืช ืœืขื™ื ื™ ื›ืœ ื—ื™’ ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืฉืžื™ืขื ื• ื‘ืž”ืช ‘ืื ื™ ื“’ ืืœื•ืงื™ืš’ ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ืฉืžื™ืขื ื• ืฉื ื™ืช ‘ืื ื™ ื“’ ืืœื•ืงื™ื›ื’ ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืืžืŸ ื›ื™”ืจ.

(ื ื›ืชื‘ ืข”ื™ ืื—ื“ ื”ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื)

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•

Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Aryeh Finkel, ztโ€l

ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ื›ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช
ื”ื ื” ืงืจื‘ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื•ื ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื ืงืจื ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ื•ื™ื“ื•ืข ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืกืคื”ืดืง ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื•ืฉื ื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžืžืจื•ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืžืœืคื ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืขืช, ื•ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ื›ืจืื•ื™ ืœื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื–ื›ื” ืœืฉืคืข ื”ืžืชืขื•ืจืจ ื‘ื•.

ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ื™ืจืื” ืฉื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ื•ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื”ื›ื ื” ื–ื• ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื‘ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”.

ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ืชื‘ ืจื‘ื ื• ื™ื•ื ื” (ืื‘ื•ืช ื’) ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืžื™ื“ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืชืฉื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขืœื™ื•, ืฉืื™ื ื” ืฉื•ื›ื ืช ืœืขื•ืœื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื‘ืขืœ ืžื“ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช. ื•ื‘ืžื”ืจืดืœ ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื›ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉื›ืœ ื”ื™ืฉืจ ื•ืจืง ืขืดื™ ื˜ื”ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœืฉื›ืœ ื ื‘ื•ืŸ ื•ื—ื›ื ื”ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื™ืจื“ ืœืขื•ืžืงื ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื”. ื ืžืฆื ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื˜ื”ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช.

ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืžื”ืจืดืœ ืฉืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื’ืื•ื•ื”. ืฉื”ืจื™ ื›ืฉืื“ื ืžืชื’ืื” ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื• ื‘ืขื•ืฉืจื• ืื• ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื• ืื• ื‘ื—ื›ืžืชื• ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืชืžืœื ื’ื ืงื ืื” ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื• ืืฉืจ ืžืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ืขืกืงื™ื• ื•ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื• ื•ืฉื•ื ืื• ื•ืžื™ืฆืจ ืขื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืœื•. ื ืžืฆื ืฉื‘ืขืœ ื”ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื”ืœื– ื ื›ืฉืœ ื‘ืงื ืื”, ื‘ืฉื ืืช ื—ื ื ื•ื‘ืฆืจื•ืช ืขื™ืŸ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื›ืฉืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืขื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืขื ื•ื•ื”, ื‘ืขื ื•ื•ืชื ื•ืชื• ื ื˜ื”ืจ ื”ื•ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืขื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืงื ื™ื™ื ื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื–ืดืœ (ืชืขื ื™ืช ื–) ืดืœืžื” ื ืžืฉืœื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืœืžื™ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืณื”ื•ื™ ื›ืœ ืฆืžื ืœื›ื• ืœืžื™ื, ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืš ืžื” ืžื™ื ืžื ื™ื—ื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ืŸ ืœืžืงื•ื ื ืžื•ืš ืืฃ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ืŸ ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืืœื ื‘ืžื™ ืฉื“ืขืชื• ืฉืคืœื”ืด.

ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื•ืœื–ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช. ื•ื”ื ื” ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉืขืดื™ ืฉืžืืžื™ืŸ ื•ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ืฉืžื• ื‘ืจื ื”ื›ืœ ื™ืฉ ืžืื™ืŸ, ื•ืžืื– ื•ืขื“ ืขืชื” ืžื—ื™ื” ื•ืžืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ื•ืจื’ืข ืœื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ื•ืœื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืื“ื ื›ื— ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื—ื™ืœ ืฉื”ืจื™ ืœื• ืœื‘ื“ื• ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื, ืžืชืžืœื ืœื‘ื• ื‘ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืชื’ืื” ื›ืœืœ ื•ื›ืœืœ, ื›ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžืฉืœื• ื›ืœื•ื ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ ืžืชื ื” ืžืืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื™ืชื‘ืจืš.

ื•ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื” ืžืขื™ื“ื™ื ืื ื• ืฉื‘ืฉืฉืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื™ืฆืจ ื•ื—ื™ื“ืฉ ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ื™ืฉ ืžืื™ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื›ื•ืœื”, ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื™ื ืคืฉ. ื•ื–ืžืŸ ื–ื” ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืžืจืืฉื™ืชื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ืงื ื” ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ืฉืœืžื” ื•ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” ืขืดื™ ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื™ืชื™ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื›ื— ื”ื”ื›ืจื” ื•ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื•ืขืดื™ ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืžื›ืœ ื”ื˜ืจื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ื“ืื’ื•ืช, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืณื™ื•ื ื”ืืžื•ื ื”ืณ ื ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืขื ื•ื•ื”, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ื” ื ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื™ืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ืœ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

ืžื•ืจื ื• ืจื””ื™ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืจื‘ื™ ืืจื™ื” ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ

ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืื• ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจืชื™ื ื•

ื. ืืช ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื—ื•ื’ื’ื™ื ืื ื• ืžื™ื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืกื™ื•ืŸ, ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ื™ืชื ื” ืจืง ื‘ื™ื•ื ื–’ ื‘ืกื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืžืชื‘ืงืฉืช ืื ื›ืš, ื”ื™ืืš ืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” “ื™ื•ื ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจืชื™ื ื•” ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื ื™ืชื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื—ืจ?

ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ื›ืœ ืžื˜ืจืชื” ื•ืชื›ืœื™ืชื” ืฉืœ ืกืคื™ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืžืจ ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” – ืœืฆืืช ืžื˜ื•ืžืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืœื”ืชืงื“ืฉ ื•ืœื”ื™ื˜ื”ืจ ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ื”ืจื™ ืกืคื™ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืžืจ ื ืฉืœืžื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื•’ ื‘ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืœืกืคื™ืจื”, ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืื– ืžื“ื•ืข ื ื™ืชื ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืจืง ืœืžื—ืจืช?

ืื ื ืกื›ื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืงื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื’ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื ื—ื•ื’ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื•ืฉื ื”, ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืชืืจื™ืš ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืชืืจื™ืš ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืกืคื™ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืžืจ, ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืกื‘ืจ.

ื‘. ื›ื•ืœื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ‘ืฉืœืฉืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ื’ื‘ืœื”’ – ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื ืฆื˜ื•ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืคืจื•ืฉ ืžืืฉื” ื•ืœื”ืชืงื“ืฉ ืœืงืจืืช ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ืจืง ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื: “ื•ืงื“ืฉืชื ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ืžื—ืจ” – ืื– ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™? ื—ื–”ืœ ืžื’ืœื™ื ืœื ื• ื›ื™ ืžืฉื” ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžื“ืขืชื• ื•ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื”ืกื›ื™ื ืขืžื•, ื•ื”ืจืื™ื” ืฉื”ืกื›ื™ื ืขืžื• ืฉื”ืจื™ ืœื ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื” ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ืขื“ ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ืฉืœืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื.

ื ืžืฆื ืื™ืคื•ื, ื›ื™ ื™ื•ื ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ‘ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™’ ื”ื™ื” ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืกื™ื•ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ืžื›ื•ื— ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”, ื”ื™ื” ืจืง ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ื‘ื•. ื•ื”ื ื” ืœื ืžืฆืื ื• ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื›ื–ืืช ื‘ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ืœืžืฉืœ, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ื™ื•ื ื•ื‘ืฉืขื” ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื™ื, ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”, ื•ืžื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื ื• ื”ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืขืฆื ืžื”ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”?

ื’. ย ืžื”ืจ”ืœ (ืคืจืง ื›”ื– ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืชืคืืจืช) ืžื’ืœื” ืคื ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžืฉื”, ื•ืื•ืžืจ, ื›ื™ ื™ื•ื ื•’ ื‘ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืžืฆื“ ื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืื‘ืœ ืžืฆื“ ืžืงื‘ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ื“ืจืฉ ื™ื•ื ืื—ืจ ื›ืš, ื™ื•ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื–’ ื‘ืกื™ื•ืŸ. ื•ืžืžืฉื™ืœ ื–ืืช ืœืžืœืš ืฉื ืชืจืฆื” ืœืชืช ืžืชื ื” ืœืื•ื”ื‘ื•, ื™ื•ื ื”ืจื™ืฆื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื”ืžืชื ื” ืœืื”ื•ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•.

ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื”ืกื‘ืจ: ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ื•ื ื”ืจื™ืฆื•ื™ ื•ื™ื•ื ื”ื ืชื™ื ื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ื˜ื ื•ืœื”ืชื‘ื˜ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื–ืžื ื™ื ื ืคืจื“ื™ื? ื•ืื ืื›ืŸ ื›ืš, ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื™ื” ื›ืš ืจืง ื‘ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื•ืฉื ื” ื ื—ื•ื’ ืืช ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ื‘ืกื™ื•ืŸ?

ืขื•ื“ ื ืฉื™ื ืœื‘, ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืœ ืœื ืžื•ืคื™ืข ืžื™ ืงื‘ืข ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื’ืขืช ื”ืžืชื ื” – ื”ื ื•ืชืŸ ืื• ื”ืžืงื‘ืœ, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ื ืžืฉืœ ื”ืžืงื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืขืœ ื“ืขืช ืขืฆืžื• ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืงื‘ืœื”, ื•ื‘ื“”ื› ืžืฉืœ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื ืžืฉืœ, ืื– ื”ืื ื”ืžืฉืœ ื—ืกืจ? ื•ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžืงื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืงื•ื‘ืข ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืงื‘ืœื”?

ื“. ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื ืจืื” ื›ืš: ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื›ืœ ืžืชื ื” ืื—ืจืช, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืงื‘”ื” ืœื ื ืชืŸ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื ืงืจื ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื ื• ‘ืžื•ืฆืจ ืžื•ื’ืžืจ’ ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืžื™ื“ ืœื™ื“. ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืชื•ืจืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื, ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืชื”ื•ื•ื” ื•ืžืชื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช. ื•ืืช ื”ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืขื” ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื”, ืืœื• ื”ื“ื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ื ื•ืชื ื” ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ื‘ื˜ื”ืจื” ื”ื ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ืฆืคื•ื ื•ืชื™ื” ื•ืœื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื” ืžื“ืขืชื ื•ืžืกื‘ืจืชื.

ืืœื ืฉื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉืช. ื›ื™ ืงื•ื“ื ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืฉืœ ื ื•ืชื ื” ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื” ื›ืœ ืงืฉืจ ื•ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืขื ืืฃ ืื—ื“, ืื‘ืœ ืžืื– ืฉื™ืจื“ื” ืœืกื™ื ื™ ‘ืœื ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื”ื™ื’ – ืืœื ืฉืœ ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ืขืžืœื™ื”. ื‘ื™ื“ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื“ื™ื ื™ื ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืข ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื•ืœืคืกื•ืง ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื’ื ื ื’ื“ ื“ืขืช ื‘ืช ืงื•ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื. ืื ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืฉืชื ื” ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืžืขืžื“ื” ื•ืžืฆื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ืกื•ื“ ื”ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžืฉื” ืžื“ืขืชื•, ื•ื’ื ื‘ื–ื” ืฉืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ื‘ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืื™ืœืš ื ื—ื•ื’ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืกื™ื•ืŸ.

ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื•, ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื•ื›ืจื— ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื–ืžืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืชืช ืชื•ืจื” ื™ืชื‘ื˜ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื• ื•ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื ืคืจื“, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื‘ืฉืขื” ื–ืืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื” ื”ื ืžืฆืืช ืืฆืœ ื ื•ืชื ื”, ื•ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžืฉืœ ืžืชื ืช ื”ืžืœืš ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืžื™ื“ ืœื™ื“, ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืฉื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืชืช ื•ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืืœื• ื”ื ืฉื ื™ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ื ืคืจื“ื™ื.

ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ืงื‘ืข ื”ืžืงื‘ืœ, ื•ืžื“ืขืชื• ืฉืœื•, ืžืชื’ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืชื—ื‘ืจืช ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืœืžืงื‘ืœื™ื – ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืงื‘ืœื”. ื›ื™ ืื™ืœื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ื›ื•ื— ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ, ื”ื”ื›ืจืขื” ื•ื”ืคืกื™ืงื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” – ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื’ื ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ื”ื™ื” ื ืงื‘ืข ืืฃ ื”ื•ื ืข”ื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื–ื”ื• ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื‘ืžื”ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืžื” ืฉืžืฉื” ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื™ื•ื ืžื“ืขืชื•.

ื”. ื•ืžืื•ืชื” ืกื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืจืง ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื–’ ื‘ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืื™ืœืš ื‘ื•’ ื‘ืกื™ื•ืŸ, ื–ืืช ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื–ื” ื ื“ืจืฉ ืจืง ืœืฉืขืช ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืฆื“ื“ื™ื, ื•ืื“ืจื‘ื, ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืฉื”ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืืœ ื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” – ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื” ืืœื™ื”ื – ื•ื–ื” ืžืชื‘ื˜ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ื•ื’ื’ื™ื ืืช ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืกื™ื•ืŸ, ืœืืžื•ืจ, ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืชืŸ – ื›ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืื—ืช, ืžืฆื•ืจืคื™ื ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื“ื‘ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืชื ื”.

ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ืžืชื‘ืืจ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืกืคื™ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืžืจ: ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื›ืŸ ื ื“ืจืฉื• ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื™ืžื™ ื˜ื”ืจื” ืžืœืื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœื” ืื‘ืœ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื” ืืœื™ื ื• ื•ืจื•ืžืžื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืืœื™ื”, ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื – ื™ื•ื ื‘ื• ืžืชื’ืœื” ืฉืขืจ ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื – ย ืœืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื•ืžืง ื•ืขื•ืฆื ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื•ืฉื ื”.

ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืื™ืœืš ื–ื”ื• ื™ื•ื ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจืชื™ื ื• – ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืื ื—ื ื•, ืื ื—ื ื• ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” “ื•ื—ื™ื™ ืขื•ืœื ื ื˜ืข ื‘ืชื•ื›ื™ื ื•” – ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื™ื ืชื” ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ืžื—ื™ื™ ืฉืขื” ื™ืฆืื ื• ืœื—ื™ื™ ืขื•ืœื. ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช โ€“ ื™ื•ื ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื”ื•ื ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื ืคืฉ, ื”ืื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื›ืŸ ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ื”ืื ืื ื• ืจืง ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืชื•ืจื” ืื‘ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ ืฉืขื”, ืื• ืฉืื ื• ืžืจื•ืžืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ ืขื•ืœื, ื›ื™ ื–ืืช ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช.

Itโ€™s Not Klal Yisrael Without You

Harav Hagaon Elimelech Reznick Shlita

The Gemara states (Megillah 31) that Ezra instituted that the curses of Parashas Bechukosai should be read every year before Shavuos, while those of Parashas Ki Savo should be read every year before Rosh Hashanah, so that โ€œthe year and its curses should endโ€: ืชื›ืœื” ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ืงืœืœื•ืชื™ื”. The Gemara then wonders how this applies to Shavuos. Rosh Hashanah is the beginning of a new year, but what ending is marked by Shavuos? The Gemara answers that Shavuos is the day of judgment for the fruits of the tree, and is therefore a Rosh Hashanah as well.

The Shelah teaches that judgment on the fruits of the tree includes a judgment on how much Torah a person will merit. Indeed, Rav Shach quoted Rav Isser Zalman as saying that on Shavuos we are judged for how much Torah weโ€™ll be zocheh to. So there are two days of the year when a person undergoes judgment: the physical person is judged on the actual Rosh Hashanah at the beginning of Tishrei, and the โ€œTorahdike mentschโ€ is judged on the Rosh Hashanah of Shavuos.

Torah turns a person into a new human being, which would explain why we donโ€™t find the concept of ืชื›ืœื” ืฉื ื” ื•ืงืœืœื•ืชื™ื” applied to Pesach and Succos, even though at those times we are judged for grain and water, respectively. Shavuos is considered the start of a new year because itโ€™s a day of judgment for Torah, a day when we turn over a new leaf and start a fresh chapter, leaving behind the curses, the tumah, the schmutz. How do we do that?

On Shavuos we have the opportunity to begin a new phase of our growth in Torah and take on new kabbalos in Torah. If we approach Shavuos with this outlook, that will give us the power to leave behind all the things that shouldnโ€™t remain with us over Shavuos. Indeed, the Shelah teaches that we should purify our homes before Shavuos and remove any sources of tumah. By doing this, we can start fresh and capitalize on the opportunity for ืชื›ืœื” ืฉื ื” ื•ืงืœืœื•ืชื™ื”.

Unity as a Prerequisite

Tosafos in Megillah notes that the Torah reading before Shavuos is always Parashas Bamidbar. (Bechukosai is two weeks before Shavuos.) The reason for this, says Tosafos, is to insert a break between the curses of Bechukosai and the Yom Tov of Shavuos. The Tur, in Hilchos Rosh Chodesh, gives simanim of the various Torah readings and the Yamim Tovim they are associated with, and the siman for Shavuos is ืžื ื• ื•ืขืฆืจื•. The word ืžื ื• is short for minyan, counting, and the word ืขืฆืจื• means Atzeres, Shavuos.

Clearly, thereโ€™s must be some connection between Parashas Bamidbar and the Yom Tov of Shavuos. Whatโ€™s the connection?

The counting of Klal Yisrael holds two important lessons for Kabbalas HaTorah. When Hashem counted the Jewish people, that created a klal. Klal Yisrael were no longer 600,000 individuals, but rather a klal to which each individual belongs.

Klal Yisrael were remarkably united before Mattan Torah, as the Torah says in Parashas Yisro: ื•ึทื™ึผึดื—ึทืŸ ืฉืึธื ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื ึถื’ึถื“ ื”ึธื”ึธืจ, and Rashi comments: ื›ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ ืื—ื“. The Ohr Hachaim adds that achdus is one of the prerequisites for Kabbalas HaTorah.

The Mishnah in Avos enumerates 48 conditions for acquiring Torah, one of which is ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช. The Maharal explains that this quality is necessary because Torah wasnโ€™t given to individuals; it was given to a klal. If a person doesnโ€™t love other people, heโ€™s separating himself from the klal, and he automatically wonโ€™t be able to acquire Torah. Only if you belong to the klal can you can acquire your share in Torah, and the way to belong to the klal is by being loving others.

The Midrash relates that Rโ€™ Yannai once brought a pauper into his house and served him, after which he asked him about Chumash, and then Mishnah, only to discover that his guest knew nothing. Rโ€™ Yannai then asked him to bentch, but he said he didnโ€™t know how; he would bentch by repeating the words said by someone else.

โ€œRepeat after me,โ€ Rโ€™ Yannai said. โ€œA dog ate Yannaiโ€™s food.โ€

In other words, Rโ€™ Yannai felt that the man had no right to eat his food if he was completely ignorant of Torah. But the man disagreed. โ€œWhen I was in cheder,โ€ he said, โ€œthey taught me: ืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ืฆึดื•ึผึธื” ืœึธื ื•ึผ ืžืฉืึถื” ืžื•ึนืจึธืฉืึธื” ืงึฐื”ึดืœึผึทืช ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘. They didnโ€™t say morashah kehillas Yannai.โ€

What he was conveying to Rโ€™ Yannai was: โ€œIโ€™m part of the klal as much as you are, and I also have a share in the Torah.โ€ Torah belongs to the klal, and each individual receives his share in Torah because all the other members of the klal are doing what theyโ€™re supposed to be doing.

Lesson one from ืžื ื• ื•ืขืฆืจื•, then, is that the preface to Mattan Torah is belonging to the klal and loving others.

Each Person is Necessary

The second lesson is that each member of Klal Yisrael is necessary, and that without each and every person, there would be no klal. Every Yid, from the simplest all the way up to the zekeinim and Moshe and Aharon counted as one number, no more and no less. This shows that each member of the klal is significant, and his avodah is necessary. Indeed, the Midrash says in Parashas Ki Savo that had one person been missing at Mattan Torah the Shechinah would not have been revealed to Klal Yisrael, as the passuk says: ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐืœึดืฉืึดื™ ื™ึตืจึตื“ ื”’ ืœึฐืขึตื™ื ึตื™ ื›ึธืœ ื”ึธืขึธื ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืจ ืกึดื™ื ึธื™ โ€“Hashem descended with the Shechinah in the presence of the entire nation. The Midrash goes on to say that before Rebbi would enter the beis midrash, he would ask if the entire congregation was present, and if anyone was missing he would not start. He learned this practice from Mattan Torah.

Nowadays, maggidei shiur donโ€™t follow this minhag, for some reason.

In any event, this teaches us an astounding thing. Had one person said, โ€œListen, Iโ€™m not going to be one of the gedolim, so why do I have to be at Har Sinai? Let the important people go get the Torah. I have other things to do this morning,โ€ the Shechinah would not have been revealed and there would not have been a Mattan Torah. Every person had to be present.

The klal is made up of individuals, each of whom has their unique share in Torah and their personal avodah. Your ameilus in Torah, your havanah, your kasha โ€“ thereโ€™s no one else that has that chelek in Torah. When everyone is involved in their chelek of Torah, that comprises the klal; if one person is missing, thereโ€™s no klal. No person should despair because he thinks he has no connection to Torah or chelek in it, because without his chelek there can be no klal.

Breaking the Burden

I would like to conclude with an incredible insight from the Chasam Sofer. He notes that after all the brachos in Parashas Bechukosai โ€“ peace, plentiful food, no enemies โ€“ the passuk concludes with this final brachah:ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”’ ืึฑืœึนืงึตื™ื›ึถื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื”ื•ึนืฆึตืืชึดื™ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ืžึตืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ืžึดื”ึฐื™ึนืช ืœึธื”ึถื ืขึฒื‘ึธื“ึดื™ื ื•ึธืึถืฉืึฐื‘ึผึนืจ ืžึนื˜ึนืช ืขึปืœึผึฐื›ึถื ื•ึธืื•ึนืœึตืšึฐ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ืงื•ึนืžึฒืžึดื™ึผื•ึผืช. If all the brachos are already in place, asks the Chasam Sofer, which ol is Hashem promising to break?

He explains that a person who keeps Torah and mitzvos bears a tremendous ol: that of Hakadosh Baruch Hu. When Hashem took us out of Mitzrayim, we did not go from servitude to freedom, but rather from one form of servitude to another. Previously, we were avdei Pharaoh; now weโ€™re avdei Hashem. In fact, the Gemara (Rosh Hashanah 28a) says: ืžืฆื•ืช ืœืื• ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ื ื™ืชื ื•, and Rashi comments: ืืœื ืœืขื•ืœ ืขืœ ืฆื•ืืจื™ื”ื ื ื™ืชื ื•. Mitzvos were not given for our pleasure, but rather as a yoke. A person who keeps Torah and mitzvos might therefore still feel a heavy yoke on himself even if he has all the brachos. The final and greatest brachah that Hashem promises, then, is: ื•ึธืึถืฉืึฐื‘ึผึนืจ ืžึนื˜ึนืช ืขึปืœึผึฐื›ึถื โ€“ you will not feel the ol. Youโ€™ll have such joy and gashmak in keeping Torah and mitzvos that it will not feel like a burden to you. Instead, it will be a delight for you in this world and the next.

If I may add to the Chasam Sofer, itโ€™s interesting to note that the wording of the passuk is: ื•ึธืึถืฉืึฐื‘ึผึนืจ ืžึนื˜ึนืช ืขึปืœึผึฐื›ึถื. Hashem doesnโ€™t promise to break the yoke itself, but rather the ืžึนื˜ึนืช, meaning the wooden pegs that hold the yoke on the animal so it canโ€™t push it off. Hashem will break the pegs that hold the yoke in place, but weโ€™ll be so happy with the yoke that even when itโ€™s not held down tightly on our necks, weโ€™ll want to keep it there. Hashem wonโ€™t have to force it on us.

We should all be zocheh to be mekabel the Torah with joy, and may Hakadosh Baruch Hu grant us a geshmak and a simchah in limud haTorah.

Gut Shabbos!

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