Shavuos

ืžืžืœื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื

Finkel, Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Aryeh ztโ€l

ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”

ืงื•ื“ื ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ืœืžืฉื” (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื˜-ื•); ื›ื” ืชืืžืจ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ืชื“ื‘ืจ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ – ืดื•ืืชื ืชื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ืžืžืœื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื’ื•ื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉืด. ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื ื•: ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืชื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ืกื’ื•ืœื”, ื›ื™ ืชื”ื™ื• ืžืžืœื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืœืงืจื•ื ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืฉื ื”’ ื•ืœืขื‘ื“ื• ืฉื›ื ืื—ื“ ื•ื›ื•’, ื•ื›ืืžืจื• ืดื›ื™ ืžืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฆื ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื”’ ืžื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ืืด.

ืดืืชื” ื”ืจืืช ืœื“ืขืช ื›ื™ ื”’ ื”ื•ื ื”ืืœืงื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืžืœื‘ื“ื•ืด (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“-ืœื”).ย  – ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉืดื™:

ื›ืฉื ืชืŸ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืคืชื— ืœื”ื ืฉื‘ืขื” ืจืงื™ืขื™ื, ื•ื›ืฉื ืฉืงืจืข ืืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื, ื›ืš ืงืจืข ืืช ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ืจืื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™, ืœื›ืš ื ืืžืจ ืืชื” ื”ืจืืช ืœื“ืขืช.

ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื”ืงื“ืžื” ื•ื”ืชื ืื™ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ื™ ื–ื• ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื•ืžื˜ืจืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื‘ื•ืจื ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืžืœื‘ื“ื•, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจ ื”ื’ืจืดื (ืžืฉืœื™ ื›ื‘-ื™ื˜) ื›ื™ ืขื™ืงืจ ื ืชื™ื ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืฉื™ืžื• ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ื ื ื‘ื”’. ื•ื–ื”ื• ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ โ€“ “ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืžืœื‘ื“ื•ืด. ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ื— ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื”, ื–ื•ืœืชื™ ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื• [ื•ืขื™’ ื ืคื”ืดื— ื’-ื™ื‘].

ื•ื–ื”ื• ‘ืžืžืœื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื’, ืฉื™ื•ืจื• ืœื›ืœ ืขืžื™ ืชื‘ืœ, ื›ื™ ื”’ ื”ื•ื ื”ืืœืงื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืžืœื‘ื“ื•. ื•ื–ื”ื• ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื•ื”ืงื‘ืจื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”’.

ื’ื•ื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉ

ืดื•ื’ื•ื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉืด – ืคื™ืจืฉ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื ื•:

ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ืœืขืชืดืœ, ื›ืืžืจื• ื•ื”ื™ื” ื”ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื™ืืžืจ ืœื•, ื•ืืžืจื• ื—ื–ืดืœ (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืฆื‘.) ืžื” ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืœืขื•ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ืืฃ ื”ื ืœืขื•ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ืืด.

ื•ืืฃ ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืคื™ืจืฉื•ื”ื• ื—ื–”ืœ; ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ืชื”ื™ื• – ืคืจื•ืฉื™ื ืชื”ื™ื•, ืฆืดืœ ืฉื”ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื›ื™ ืคืจื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ, ื•ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™, ื•ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื ืฆื—ื™, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืืœืง ืžืžืขืœ, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื‘ื’ืž’ ืดืžื” ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืงื™ื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื ืืฃ ื”ื ืœืขื•ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ืืด, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ (ืงื”ืœืช ื™ื‘-ื–) ืดื•ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืขืคืจ ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื”, ื•ื”ืจื•ื— ืชืฉื•ื‘ ืืœ ื”ืืœืงื™ื ืืฉืจ ื ืชื ื”ืด.

ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืดืžืžืœื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ืืด – ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืœืงืจื•ื ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืฉื ื”’ ื•ืœืขื‘ื“ื• ืฉื›ื ืื—ื“, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืดื’ื•ื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉืด – ืœื”ืชืจื—ืง ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื•ืœื”ืชืงืจื‘ ื•ืœื“ื‘ืง ื ืคืฉื ื• ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”’, ืื– ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื›ื™ ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ืœื™ื ืดื•ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืžืœื‘ื“ื•ืด.

ื ื–ืจ ืืœืงื™ื• ืขืœ ืจืืฉื•

ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืคืจืฉืชื ื• ืดืื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ื™ืคืœื™ื ืœื ื“ื•ืจ ื ื“ืจ ื ื–ื™ืจ ืœื”ื–ื™ืจ ืœื”’, ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื™ื”ื™ื”, ื›ื™ ื ื–ืจ ืืœืงื™ื• ืขืœ ืจืืฉื•ืด, ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ื”ืจืื‘ืดืข ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื ืดื ื–ื™ืจืด ื”ื•ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื›ืชืจ – ืดื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืขื‘ื“ื™ ืชืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื”ืžืœืš ื‘ืืžืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื ื–ืจ ื•ืขื˜ืจืช ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ืจืืฉื•, ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืคืฉื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืชืื•ืชืด.

ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืคืจืฉ ืžืชืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ืดื”ืžืฉื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืขืช ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”’ืด ื”ืจื™ื”ื• ืงื“ื•ืฉ, ื—ื™ื™ื• ื ืขืฉื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื ืฆื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืœืš ื•ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™, ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืงืจื•ื ื‘ืฉื ื”’ ื•ืœื™ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื•.

ื”ืžื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื‘ื•ืจื ืขื•ืœื ื•ืžืงื“ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื™ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืžืงื“ืฉ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื• ืœื”’, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื•ื“ื‘ื•ืง ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ ื•ืงื™ื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื, ื•ื”ื•ื ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืžืœื‘ื“ื•, ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืœืš ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉื”ื ืดืขื‘ื“ื™ ืชืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืืด, ืดื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืœืš ื‘ืืžืช ื•ื›ืชืจ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ืจืืฉื• ืขืœ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื—ืคืฉื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืชืื•ื•ืชืด.

ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื ืชื™ื ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”

ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืดืžืžืœื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื’ื•ื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉืด, ืœื”ืชืจื•ืžื ื•ืœืคืจื•ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ, ื•ืœื™ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ืžืœืš ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืดื”, ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ื•ืœืชื• ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื›ืœืœ, ื•ื‘ืœื ื›ื—ื• ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืื™ืŸ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื›ืœืœ ื•ื›ืœืœ.

ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘ืดืŸ (ืกื•ืดืค ื‘ื) ืดืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืื“ื ื—ืœืง ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืžืฉื”, ืขื“ ืฉื ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื• ื•ืžืงืจื™ื ื• ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื ืกื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืืœื ืื ื™ืขืฉื” ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื™ืฆืœื™ื—ื ื• ืฉื›ืจื• ื•ืื ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื™ื›ืจื™ืชื ื• ืขื ืฉื•, ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื’ื–ืจืช ืขืœื™ื•ืŸืด.

ื–ื” ื—ืœืงื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืžืฉื”, ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ื— ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœืœื ื’ื–ืจืช ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ื›ื™ ืดืขื™ืงืจ ื ืชื™ื ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืฉื™ืžื• ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ื ื ื‘ื”’, ื›ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืดื•ื™ืงื ืขื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื’ื•’ ืœืžืขืŸ ื™ื“ืขื• ื“ื•ืจ ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืœื“ื• ื•ื™ืฉื™ืžื• ื‘ืืœืงื™ื ื›ืกืœืืด.

ื›ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ื™ืชื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืžืขืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืดืžืžืœื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื’ื•ื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉืด, ืœื“ืขืช ื›ื™ ื”’ ื”ื•ื ื”ืืœืงื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืžืœื‘ื“ื•, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ื• ื™ืช’, ื›ื™ ืžืœื‘ื“ื• ื”ื›ืœ ืฉื•ื ื•ืฉืงืจ ื•ื”ื›ืœ ืืœื™ืœื™ื ืืฉืจ ื›ืจื•ืช ื™ื›ืจืชื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ืืœื™ืœื™ื ื›ืœื™ืœ ื™ื—ืœื•ืคื•, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ื™ืช’ ื”ื•ื ืžืœืš ื—ื™ ื•ืงื™ื™ื.

ื”ื—ื›ื ื•ื”ืื•ื™ืœ

ื•ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื’ื–ืจืช ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ืจื™ื”ื• ื›ืกื™ืœ ื•ื‘ืขืจ ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืฉืš ื™ืœืš ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืฉืš ืฉืžื• ื™ื›ื•ืกื”.

ื•ืืžืจ ืจ’ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ืจืฉื‘ืดื™ (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืงื’.):

ืžืื™ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืดืื™ืฉ ื—ื›ื ื ืฉืคื˜ ืืช ืื™ืฉ ืื•ื™ืœ ื•ืจื’ื– ื•ืฉื—ืง ื•ืื™ืŸ ื ื—ืชืด (ืžืฉืœื™ ื›ื˜-ื˜), ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘ืดื”, ื›ืขืกืชื™ ืขืœ ืื—ื– ื•ื ืชืชื™ื• ื‘ื™ื“ ืžืœื›ื™ ื“ืžืฉืง, ื–ื™ื‘ื— ื•ืงื™ื˜ืจ ืœืืœื”ื™ื”ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ื™ื–ื‘ื— ืœืืœื”ื™ ื“ืžืฉืง ื”ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ื•, ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ืืœื”ื™ ืžืœื›ื™ ืืจื ื”ื ืžืขื–ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœื”ื, ืื–ื‘ื— ื•ื™ืขื–ืจื•ื ื™, ื•ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืœื• ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืœื• ื•ืœื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื—ืงืชื™ ืขื ืืžืฆื™ื” ื•ื ืชืชื™ ืžืœื›ื™ ืื“ื•ื ื‘ื™ื“ื•, ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืœื”ื™ื”ื ื•ื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื” ืœื”ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืื—ืจื™ ื‘ื ืืžืฆื™ื” ืžื”ื›ื•ืช ืืช ืื“ื•ืžื™ื, ื•ื™ื‘ื ืืช ืืœื”ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืฉืขื™ืจ, ื•ื™ืขืžื™ื“ื ืœื• ืœืืœื”ื™ื, ื•ืœืคื ื™ื”ื ื™ืฉืชื—ื•ื” ื•ืœื”ื ื™ืงื˜ืจ.

ื•ื–ื”ื• ืื•ื™ืœ ืืฉืจ ืื™ื ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”’ ืืชื•, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืžื‘ืืจ ื”ืžื”ืจืฉืดื ืฉื:

ืขื ื™ืŸ ืกื›ืœื•ืชื, ืœืคื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืจืื” ืื—ื– ื‘ืฆืจืชื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ืžืœื›ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœืคื ื™ื•, ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื”ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืขืดื– ื›ืžื•ืชื•, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืœืœืžื•ื“, ืฉื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขืดื– ื‘ืื” ืœื• ื”ืฆืจื”, ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื• ื‘ืขืช ื”ืฆืจ ืœื• ื•ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืœืžืขื•ืœ ื‘ื”’, ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ื™ืคืš ืืžืฆื™ื”, ืขืฉื” ื”ื™ืฉืจ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”’ ื•ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื•ื›ื•’ ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขืดื– ื”ื•ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—, ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ื” ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื• ืžื”ื›ื•ืช ืืช ืื“ื•ื ื•ื™ื‘ื ื•ื’ื•’.

ื–ื”ื• ืื•ื™ืœ, ืืฉืจ ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ืช ื‘ื•, ืื ื‘ืฉื—ื•ืง ื‘ืคื ื™ื ืฉื•ื—ืงื•ืช, ืื ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื–ืขื•ืžื•ืช, ื•ืื•ื˜ื ืื–ื ื™ื• ื•ืขื•ืฆื ืขื™ื ื™ื• ื•ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ื›ืกื™ืœื•ืชื• ื•ื‘ืขืจื•ืชื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืืœื™ืœื™ื ืืฉืจ ื”ื ื”ื‘ืœ ื•ืจื™ืง, ืœื ื›ืŸ ื”ื—ื›ื ืืฉืจ ืขื™ื ื™ื• ื‘ืจืืฉื• ืจื•ืื” ื‘ืขืœื™ืœ ื›ื™ ื”’ ื”ื•ื ื”ืืœืงื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืžืœื‘ื“ื•, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ื— ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืจืฆื•ื ื• ื™ืช’.

ื•ื›ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ื• ืคื ื™ื ืฉื•ื—ืงื•ืช, ื”ืจื™ื”ื• ืžื•ื“ื” ื•ืžืฉื‘ื— ืœื”ืงื‘ืดื” ื•ืžืชื—ื–ืง ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•, ื•ื›ืฉืจื•ืื” ืคื ื™ื ื–ืขื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืžืงื‘ืœ ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื, ื”ืจื™ื”ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœืžื” ื•ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืจื—ืžื™ื ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื•, ื•ืžืคื™ื™ืก ืืช ื‘ื•ืจืื• ืฉื—ื˜ื ืœื•, ื•ืžืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืฉืœื ื™ื—ื˜ื ืขื•ื“.

ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช, ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืฆืขื“ ื•ืฉืขืœ ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื™ืงืจื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื, ืœืย  ืžืงืจื”, ืืœื ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื ืคืœื ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื“ื•ืงื“ืง ืขื“ ืœื”ืคืœื™ื, ื•ื–ื• ื”ื”ื›ืจื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืžืœื‘ื“ื•, ื•ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืื“ื ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื• ื ื‘ืจื ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื ืงืจืืช ืจืืฉื™ืช ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื ืงืจืื• ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืชื›ืœื™ืช ื–ื• ืดื•ื™ืฉื™ืžื• ื‘ืืœืงื™ื ื›ืกืœืืด ื•ืœื ื‘ืฉื•ื ื’ื•ืจื ื•ืกื™ื‘ื” ืื—ืจืช, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืžืœื‘ื“ื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืืžืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื•ื ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื• ื”ืžืงืจื ืดื•ืืชื ืชื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ืžืžืœื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื’ื•ื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉืด -ืดืžื” ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืงื™ื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื ืืฃ ื”ื ืœืขื•ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ืืด.

ื™ื”ืดืจ ืฉื™ื”ื ื—ืœืงื ื• ืขืžื”ื, ื•ืชืŸ ื—ืœืงื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจืชืš – ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื’ื–ืจืช ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืดื•ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืžืœื‘ื“ื•ืด.

ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืœื›ื”

Shpitzer, Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shlita

ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช

ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื•ืขื– ื•ืชืจื•ืžื”

ืืžืจ ื‘ื•ืขื– ืœื ืขืจื™ื• ื•ื’ื ืฉืœ ืชืฉื•ืœื• ืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื‘ืชื™ื ื•ืขื–ื‘ืชื ื•ืœื ืชื’ืขืจื• ื‘ื”. ื•ืฆ”ื‘ ื”ื›ืคื™ืœื•ืช ืžื” ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื•ืžืจ ื•ืขื–ื‘ืชื ื•ืœื ืชื’ืขืจื• ื‘ื”. ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ืฉื ืฉืžื—ืช ื”ืจื’ืœ ืžื”ื—ื™ื“”ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื“ื‘ืืžืช ืงืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื– ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืœื”ื ื™ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ื–ื” ืžื›ืฉื™ืœื” ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœ ืฉืœื ืชืคืจื™ืฉ ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืžืขืฉืจื•ืช ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœื•ืงื˜ืช ืœืงื˜ ืื• ืฉื›ื—ื” ืฉืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžืขืฉืจื•ืช ื›ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ืค”ื ืž”ื” ื•ื‘ืจืžื‘”ื ืค”ื‘ ืžืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื””ื˜ ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื“ืจืฉื• ื‘ืกืคืจื™ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™”ื“ ื›”ื˜) ื•ื‘ื ื”ืœื•ื™ ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื—ืœืง ื•ื ื—ืœื” ืขืžืš ื™ืฆื ื–ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื—ืœืง ื•ื ื—ืœื” ืขืžืš ืฉื”ืื ื”ื•ื ืœื•ื™ ืขื ื™ ื ื•ื˜ืœ ืžืชื ื•ืช ืขื ื™ื™ื. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืžืจ ื•ืขื–ื‘ืชื ืืช ื”ืชื‘ื•ืื” ืฉื™ืขืฉื• ืื•ืชื• ื”ืคืงืจ ื•ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืชืจื•”ืž ื›ืจืžื‘”ื ืค”ื‘ ืžืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื™”ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื•ืœื ืชื’ืขืจื• ื‘ื” – ื‘ืชื‘ื•ืื” ืืคื™’ ื™ืงื— ืื•ืชื• ืื™ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืคืงืจ, ื•ืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื” ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืฉืœื•. ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ื“ืืข”ื’ ื“ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื•ืขื– ืœื”ืคืจื™ืฉ ืžืฉืœื• ืขืœ ืฉืœื” ืž”ืž ื”ื•ื™ ืฉืœื ืžืŸ ื”ืžื•ืงืฃ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืคืงื™ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™.

ื•ื›ืขื™”ื– ื‘ืจืฉ”ืฉ ืคืื” ืค”ื” ืž”ื.

ื•ืข”ืข ื‘ืก’ ืฉืœืžื™ ืชื•ื“ื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื“ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืงืจ ื‘ื–ื” (ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ื™ื“”ื ื•ืจืฉ”ืฉ) ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ื“ื™”ืœ ืฉื”ืคืงื™ืจ ืœืื—ืจ ื–ืžืŸ. ืืš ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืงืจ ืœืื—ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืžืงืฆื•ืช ืจ”ืก ืจื ”ื— ื“ื”ืคืงืจ ืœืื—”ื– ืžื”ื ื™ ื•ื”ืงืฉื” ืžื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™, ื•ื‘ืื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืž”ื ื™”ื’ ื›ืชื‘ ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืงื•’ ื”ืงืฆื•ืช ื“ื™”ืœ ื“ื”ืคืงืจ ืœืื—”ื– ืœื ืžื”ื ื™ ื“ื›ืœืชื” ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื•. ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื“ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืก’ ื‘”ืง ืก”ื˜ ืข”ื ื‘ื“”ื” ื›ืœ ื“ืžื”ื ื™ ื”ืคืงืจ ืœืื—”ื– ื›ืž”ืฉ ื”ืงืฆื•ืช. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื ื“ืื•ืœื™ ืืžืจ ืœื ืขืจื™ื ื“ืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืคื•ืœ ืื– ื™ืคืงื™ืจื•, ืืš ื“ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ืื™ ืžื”ื ื™ ื”ืคืงืจ ืข”ื™ ืฉืœื™ื— ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื‘”ื™ ืกื•ืก”ื™ ืชืœ”ื“ ื“ืคืฉื™ื˜ื ืœื™ื” ื“ืœื ืžื”ื ื™, ืืš ื”ื‘ื™ื ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื. ื•ืœื ืขื™ื™ื ืชื™ ื›ืขืช.

ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืงื•’ ืฉืžื›ืฉื™ืœ ืื•ืชื” ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืชืจื•”ืž ืžืฉื•ื ืœืงื˜, ืชื™’ ืคืจืงื™ ืฉื ื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžื” ืฉื”ืงืฉื” ื”ืจ”ืฉ ืืžืื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืคืกื•ืง ืœืคื˜ื•ืจ ืคืื” ืžืชืจื•”ืž ื•ื”ืจื™ ื‘ืœื”ื” ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืฉื•ื ืœืงื•ื— ืœืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื“ืœืงื•ื— ืœืคื ื™ ืžื™ืจื•ื— ืคื˜ื•ืจ, ื•ืชื™’ ื”ืจ”ืฉ ืค”ืง ื“ืคืื” ื“ื”ื•”ื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืคืื” ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืœืงื•ื— ื•ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืชืจื•”ืž. ื•ืœืคื™”ื– ื›ืืŸ ืฉื”ื ื™ื— ืœื” ื‘ื•ืขื– ืœื™ืงื— ื”ืจื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืœืงื•ื—. (ื•ื”ืฆ ืœืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ื—ื™ื“”ื ืฉื”ืคืงื™ืจ ืœื›ืœ ืืœื ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœื” ื•ื’ื ื‘ื–ื” ืคื˜ื•ืจื” ืžืฉื•ื ืœืงื•ื—). ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจ”ืฉ ืื›ืž”ืœ.

ื•ืœื›ื’ ื™”ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื˜ืขื ื“ืคื˜ื•ืจื” ืžื””ืช ื›ื™ ื”ืœื ืื—”ื› ื ืชื ื” ื—ืœืง ืœื ืขืžื™ ื•ื”ื› ืžื” ืฉื ืชื ื” ืœื ืขืžื™ ื”ื•”ืœ ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืฉื•ื ืœืงื•ื—, ื•ื’ื ืจื•ืช ืขืฆืžื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืœื”ืคืจื™ืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืชืชืŸ ืœื ืขืžื™ ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืจื•ื— ืข”ืž ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ื›ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืจืžื‘”ื ืค”ื‘ ืžืžืขืฉืจ ื””ื. ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื ื—ืœืง ืฉืœื” ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืœืคื™ ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืืžื•ื ื” ืค”ื‘ ืžืžืขืฉืจ ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืกืงื˜”ื– ื“ืื–ืœื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืชืจ ืจื•ื‘ื, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืžืงื•ืจ ืžื—ื–ื•”ื ื“ืžืื™ ื–’ ื™”ื–. ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื ื™ืžื ื“ื–ื›ืชื” ืžืขื™ืงืจื ืœืขืฆืžื” ื•ื’ื ืœื ืขืžื™ ื•ื”ื› ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ืจื•ื— ืข”ืž ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ื•ื’ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืชื ื” ืื—ืจ ืžื™ืจื•ื—, ืž”ืž ื™ืฉ ืœืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื•ื”ื•”ืœ ื›ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืžื™ืจื•ื—.

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•

Levinshtein, Maran Hamashgiach Hagaon Harav Yechezkel ztโ€l

ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจืงื™ื ื•ืขื ืŸ ื›ื‘ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืจ ื•ืงื•ืœ ืฉืคืจ ื—ื–ืง ืžืื“ ื•ื™ื—ืจื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืืฉืจ ื‘ืžื—ื ื” (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื˜ ื˜ื–)
ืจืฉืดื™: ืžืœืžื“ ืฉื”ืงื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื ืจื‘ ืžืžืชื™ืŸ ืœืชืœืžื™ื“.

ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ืขื“ ืฉื”ืงื“ื™ื ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืœื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

ื›ื™ื•”ื‘ ื ืจืื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื›ื™ืœืชื ืดืžืœืžื“ ืฉื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื™ืฆืื” ืœืงืจืืชื ื›ื—ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืœืงืจืืช ื›ืœื”, ื•ื–ื” ืฉืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื’ ื‘) ื”ืณ ืžืกื™ื ื™ ื‘ื ื•ืœื ื ืืžืจ ืœืกื™ื ื™ ื‘ืืด. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ืดืื”ื‘ืช ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืžืš ืื”ื‘ืช ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืžื“ืชืด, ืฉื ืชื™ื ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ืื•ืคืŸ ื ืชื™ื ืชื ื”ื ืจืื™ื” ืœื’ื•ื“ืœ ืื”ื‘ืช ื”ืณ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืดื•ืืœื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืืฉืจ ืชืฉื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื”ืืด (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื ื), ื•ืฆ”ื‘: ื”ืจื™ ืžืฉืคื˜ ืžื”ื•ืชื• ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืขื•ื ืฉ, ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื–ื” ื ืกืžืš ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืื”ื‘ืช ื”’ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ืืœื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื˜ืžื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื ืชื™ื ืช ืดืืœื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืืด, ื›ืžื” ืฉืžื—ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื• ืฉื–ื›ื™ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจ, ื•ืขืดื– ืื ื• ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืฉื—ืจ ืดืฉืœื ืขืฉื ื™ ื’ื•ื™ืด, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื›ื™ื ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืดื•ืืœื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืืด.

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื“ืขืช ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ืขื™ื ืื ื• ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ืžื“ืจื™ื’ืช ืดืื“ืืด ื•ืฆืœื ืืœื•ืงื™ื. ืื ื• ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืื“ื ื”ื•ื ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืžืขื˜ ื—ื›ืžื” ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื‘ื˜ื ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื• ื‘ืคื™ื•, ื•ืžืชื ื”ื’ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ื ืจืื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื• ื›ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžื•ืฉื›ืœื™ื, ื•ืžื™ ืฉืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื“ืขืช ื•ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืžืขืœื•ืช ื•ืžื“ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ืฉื™ื‘ื— ืืช ืžืขืœืช ืดื”ืžื“ื‘ืจืด ืฉื‘ื•. ืืš ื‘ืืžืช ื–ื• ื˜ืขื•ืช, ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืื“ื ื ื‘ืจื ื‘ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืžื ื”, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื”ื ื”ื›ืœ ื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ื•, ื›ืžืฉ”ื  ื‘ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืœืžื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืžืขืฆืžื•, ื•ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื—ืกืจ ืœื• ื‘ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื’ื™ืจืข ื•ืงืœืงืœ ืžืžื“ืจื™ื’ืช ื”ืื“ื.

ื•ืžื” ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืืช “ื•ืืœื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื”, ื–ื” ืจืง ืžื’ื•ื“ืœ ืื”ื‘ืชื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืขืฆื•ืช ื•ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ืื“ื, ืืœื™ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืžืขืฆืžื•.

ืžืจืŸ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ื”ื’ื””ืฆ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืœื•ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื

Finkel, Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Nosson Tzvi ztโ€l

ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจ’ ื ืชืŸ ืฆื‘ื™

ื”ืจื””ื’ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ื›ื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืขื ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ื ืชืŸ ืฆื‘ื™ ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™.

ืฉื ื” ืื—ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžืžื ื• ืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™ ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืื™ืชื• ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื•ื’ื ืœืžื—ืจืช ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ื™ื•”ื˜.

ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืœืžื“ ืขื ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ืœื”. ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ื”ื—ื’ ื›ืืฉืจ ื“ืคืง ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื•, ืคืชื—ื” ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ืช ื•ื”ืชืคืœืื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœืจืื•ืชื•, ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ืืช ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื‘ื•ืื• ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ื™ื•”ื˜. ืจ’ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืืœื™ื”ื• ืกื™ืคืจ ืœื” ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื ื’ื ื”ืœื™ืœื” ืœืœืžื•ื“. ืื•ืœื ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ืช ื”ืชืคืœืื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ืขืจื‘ ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ืœื ื”ืœืš ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ, ื‘ืื•ืžืจื•: “ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืจื‘ ื—ื’ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจืชื™ื ื•”. ื‘ืœื™ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืขืฆืžื• ืœืžื“ ื›ืžื ื”ื’ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ืœื” ื•ืœื ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืื•ืžื”. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื™ื•”ื˜ ืขืฆืžื• ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืœื ื”ืœืš ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ, ื‘ืื•ืžืจื•: “ืื™ืš ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื””. ื”ื› ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘, ืกื‘ืจื” ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ืช ืฉื™ืœืš ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ.

ืืš ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืจืืชื” ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืข”ืค ื‘ืงืฉืช ืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™, ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ืช ืืช ืจ’ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืืœื™ื”ื• ื•ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ืœืจื””ื™ ืขืœ ื‘ื•ืื•. ืžื™ื“ ื›ืฉืฉืžืข ืžืจืŸ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื ื”ื’ื™ืข, ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืœืœืžื•ื“. ืื•ืœื ืžื—ืžืช ืชืฉื™ืฉื•ืชื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ืจื“ื ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช.

ื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื”ืขื–ื” ืœืชื•ืจื” ื”ืงื“’ ื•ืืช ืžืขืœืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ื•, ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ืชืฉื™ืฉื•ืชื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืžืœ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืงื“’ ืขื“ ื›ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืžืฉ.

The Gift of Torah

Finkel, Harav Hagaon Gedalia Shlita

On the opening words of last weekโ€™s parashah, ืึดื ื‘ึผึฐื—ึปืงึผึนืชึทื™ ืชึผึตืœึตื›ื•ึผ, Rashi famously comments: ืฉืชื”ื™ื• ืขืžืœื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”. All the brachos that the parashah says are in the zechus of talmud Torah are in the zechus of ameilus and yegiah in Torah.

Interestingly, the words in the passuk that refer to ameilus seem to indicate that it is chok: ืึดื ื‘ึผึฐื—ึปืงึผึนืชึทื™ ืชึผึตืœึตื›ื•ึผ. In what way is yegias haTorah a chok?

In answer to this question, Rav Chaim Volozhiner cites the famous Gemara in Megillah that says: ื™ื’ืขืชื™ ื•ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืœ ืชืืžืŸ ื™ื’ืขืชื™ ื•ืžืฆืืชื™ ืชืืžืŸ. If you toil in Torah, youโ€™ll succeed. But the lashon of Chazal isื™ื’ืขืชื™ ื•ืžืฆืืชื™ . You can have all the yegiah and ameilus, but whatever you achieve in your learning is a metziah, a gift from heaven.

This is surprising, because one would think that if a person toils to understand Torah, he earned the ability to understand it; after all, he worked at it. But the Gemara is telling us that the yegiah is not directly linked with the havanah. Itโ€™s Hakadosh Baruch Hu granting you the havanah.

That is a chok.

Al pi teva, a person thinks that the more equipped he is in a sugya, and the bigger a baal kishron he is, the more heโ€™s going to understand. Not so. All havanah and aliyah in Torah is a metziah from Hakadosh Baruch Hu. A chok.

This is a big lesson for all of us. When a person achieves success or gadlus in Torah, it can go to his head and he can become a baal gaavah: โ€œLook, I made it big!โ€ In truth, however, all success in learning is a metziah.

The sefarim say that the ruchniyus of Torah is so elevated that itโ€™s actually not possible for us to comprehend it and connect with it. Itโ€™s all a gift from Shomayim. So when one is successful in learning, how careful he has to be not to become arrogant about his success!

The Chovos Halevavos writes that the worst gaavah is gaavah that comes from hatzlachah in avodas Hashem. Of course, you can feel good about your success, but without becoming a baal gaavah. Specifically with regard to hatzlachah in Torah, gaavah is entirely inappropriate, because itโ€™s all a metziah. In the merit of your yegia, Hashem will give you the metziah, but the bottom line is that itโ€™s entirely min haShomayim. As the passuk says, ืึทืœ ื™ึดืชึฐื”ึทืœึผึตืœ ื—ึธื›ึธื ื‘ึผึฐื—ึธื›ึฐืžึธืชื•ึน.

A Pure Receptacle

Parenthetically, on the subject of aliyah baTorah, itโ€™s worth noting the severity of eating maachalos asuros, which cause timtum halev. With all the yegiah, and with all the siyatta dโ€™Shmaya, a person still has to be a worthy receptacle to understand Torah.

A father once brought his son to Rav Chaim Kanievsky and said that the boy, who was in the upper grades of cheder, was having a hard time with his learning, even though he was a baal kishron. Rav Chaim asked the father if, somewhere over the years, the boy had perhaps eaten maachalos asuros.

The fatherโ€™s initial reaction was, โ€œNo way,โ€ but then he thought about it, and he said that once, they had been at a wedding and they had found out afterwards that the food was treif.

Rav Chaim said that thatโ€™s why the boy is not grasping whatโ€™s heโ€™s learning. Maachalos asuros cause timtum halev,and Torah just canโ€™t go in.

He advised the boy to fast one day to atone for the timtuv halev.

In any event, if Kabbalas HaTorah and all of our achievement in Torah is a metziah, a matanah from Hakadosh Baruch Hu, we have to make sure that our receptacle is kadosh vโ€™tahor, and how careful we have to be to avoid anything that would prevent Torah from being absorbed into our pnimiyus.

***

Regarding ameilus baTorah, we say:ืื ื• ืขืžืœื™ื ื•ื”ื ืขืžืœื™ื ืื ื• ืขืžืœื™ื ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื ืขืžืœื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืฉื›ืจ. All the schar of Torah comes in the merit of our ameilus. Itโ€™s true that if one toils to understand Torah, he eventually arrives at the correct pshat or gets to the depth of the sugya, but itโ€™s not our achievement that counts, itโ€™s our yegiah.

Yegiah baTorah doesnโ€™t necessarily have to involve great difficulty. It is said that Rav Moshe Feinstein once took a chair and climbed onto it to get a sefer from a high shelf, and a bochur went over to him and said, โ€œRebbi, let me help you get the sefer.โ€ Rav Moshe responded that this, too, is considered ameilus baTorah.

Even small things like that are included in ameilus baTorah. So when you decide to take a sefer and learn, donโ€™t look for a comfortable lounge chair in an air-conditioned room with a Coke at your side. Yegias haTorah happens specifically in surroundings that are not the most comfortable, and through yegiah, youโ€™ll achieve metziah. You donโ€™t have to look for difficulties, but if difficulties present themselves, that shouldnโ€™t be a deterrent to your learning and yegiah.

The Chochomโ€™s Way of Learning

The Ohr Hachaim gives a different explanation for why ameilus baTorah is a chok. He says itโ€™s the concept of chazarah. Naturally, one would think that if you learn something a couple of times and you understand it, why should you have to review it?

I remember that as a child, I couldnโ€™t understand the need for review. Once you understood the class, you understood it. What a mistake! You can understand a lot, but without review, it goes in one ear and out the other. Through chazarah, Hashem helps you to retain what youโ€™ve learned. Chazarah is the key to hatzlachah โ€“ and thatโ€™s a chok.

On the passuk in Mishlei: ืœึตื‘ ื—ึธื›ึธื ืœึดื™ืžึดื™ื ื•ึน ื•ึฐืœึตื‘ ื›ึผึฐืกึดื™ืœ ืœึดืฉื‚ึฐืžึนืืœื•ึน, the Chasam Sofer explains that a chacham takes his right hand and turns the pages of his sefer from right to left โ€“ which means heโ€™s going backwards and doing chazarah. The fool, on the other hand, only uses his left hand to turn the pages from left to right, moving ahead. But constantly learning new material is not the path to hatzlachah โ€“ the path to hatzlachah is doing chazarah.

The Gemara in Brachos discusses the apparent contradiction between the passuk: ืึทืฉืึฐืจึตื™ ืึธื“ึธื ืžึฐืคึทื—ึตื“ ืชึผึธืžึดื™ื“ and the passuk: ืคึผึธื—ึฒื“ื•ึผ ื‘ึฐืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ื—ึทื˜ึผึธืึดื™ื. One passuk praises a person who is afraid, while the other person calls a frightened person a chotei. Explains the Gemara, it depends what the person is afraid of. If a person is fearful about matters of Torah, he is praiseworthy. If he is fearful about mundane affairs, thatโ€™s a cheit.

Tosafos (Gittin 55b) explains what it means to be fearful about matters of Torah: it means to be fearful that you havenโ€™t reviewed enough. Fortunate is he who is worried that he hasnโ€™t chazzered enough, because thatโ€™s where success comes from.

In addition, when you chazzer, you understand what youโ€™re learning better. Each chazarah gives you a deeper understanding and greater retention.

Furthermore, it is important that each and every one of us should try to know a section of Torah by heart โ€“ a masechta or at least a perek of mishnayos โ€“ so that we are equipped to think in learning even when we find ourselves without a sefer. So often, time is wasted, such as when youโ€™re sitting and waiting for an appointment at the dentist, or youโ€™re at a bus stop waiting for the bus. If you could chazzer something by heart during that time, you could achieve hours and hours of learning.

Rav Elyashiv said once that if a person has a tendency to doze off when he learns, he should learn something beโ€™al peh, because a person doesnโ€™t fall asleep in middle of talking. So itโ€™s very important to master a certain section of learning that you can always have in your back pocket.

Make Sure it Matters

We have to remember, as well, that ืึดื ืœึนื ื‘ึฐืจึดื™ืชึดื™ ื™ื•ึนืžึธื ื•ึธืœึธื™ึฐืœึธื” ื—ึปืงึผื•ึนืช ืฉืึธืžึทื™ึดื ื•ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืœึนื ืฉื‚ึธืžึฐืชึผึดื™ โ€“ if there wouldnโ€™t be Torah study day and night, the universe could not exist. If, Rachmana litzlan, a person ever criticizes a ben Torah and asks, โ€œWhat are you doing for the community?โ€ you just quote this passuk. The entire briah exists in the zechus of Talmud Torah, and there is no greater chessed one can do for mankind than to learn Torah. Whether a lot or a little โ€“ half an hour, twenty minutes โ€“ thatโ€™s the zchus habriah.

As a youngster of about ten or twelve, I visited Eretz Yisrael and walked into the home of Rav Leizer Yudel ztโ€l. At the time there was a gathering of rabbanim in his house, and I remember Rav Chaim Shmuelevitz standing up and yelling in learning, his face red as a beet. Rav Leizer Yudel, Rav Chaimโ€™s father-in-law, was sitting beside him with a big smile on his face, shepping nachas from the rischa dโ€™Oraysa.

I was scared out of my wits. Coming from Chicago, I had never seen a sight like this in my life: this sight of on one hand, ื ืขืฉื• ื›ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื”, and on the other hand, the mesikus haTorah that Rav Leizer Yudel experienced upon hearing his son-in-law completely immersed in learning. It was a portrayal of how we to be totally immersed in our learning, that it should really matter to us.

Finally, letโ€™s remember what the Bach says in hilchos birchos haTorah: that when we say ืืฉืจ ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื ื• in birchos haTorah, we should remember maamad Har Sinai and think for a moment how much hakaras hatov we have to Hakadosh Baruch Hu for separating us from all the nations, choosing us as His nation, and giving us the Torah.

After all, thatโ€™s the whole purpose of Creation: ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘ืจื ืืœืงื™ื , bishvil reishis, bishvil bikkurim โ€“ which are the symbol of hakaras hatov.

Gut Yom Tov.

ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”

Chodosh, Maran Hamashgiach Hagaon Harav Aaron ztโ€l

ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฆื•ื•ื™ื ืœืกืคื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืœืงืจืืช ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, ื‘ืจ”ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื™ ืคืกื—ื™ื ื›ืชื‘, ื•ื–”ืœ, ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ื“ืกืคื™ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืžืจ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืื™ื ื” ืืœื ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื‘ืขืœืžื ื–ื›ืจ ืœืžืงื“ืฉ, ื•ื‘ื”ื’ื“ื” ื’ื ืืžืจื• ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืžืฉื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื “ืชืขื‘ื“ื• ืืช ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื”ืจ ื”ื–ื”” ืืžืจื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื•, ืื™ืžืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ื•, ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื, ื•ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื ื™ื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœืขืฆืžื• ืืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืžื›ืืŸ ืงื‘ืขื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื ื™ืŸ ืืช ืกืคื™ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืžืจ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื”, ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื ืœืฉืžื—ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืžื ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจืžื‘”ื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืคืจืง ื—’ ื”ืœ’ ืชืžื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืžื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืกืคื™ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืžืจ ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ, ื•ืžืฉืžืข ืœื™ ื“ืกื‘ื™ืจื ืœื™ื” ื“ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื”ืกืคื™ืจื” ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื, ืขื›”ืœ.

ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื” ืฉ”ื• ืžืฉืจืฉื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืขืœ ืฆื“ ื”ืคืฉื˜, ืœืคื™ ืฉืขื™ืงืจืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ื‘ืจืื• ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ ื›ืžืฉ”ื› “ืื ืœื ื‘ืจื™ืชื™ ื™ื•ืžื ื•ืœื™ืœื” ื—ื•ืงื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ ืœื ืฉืžืชื™”, ื•ื”ื™ื ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื ื’ืืœื• ื•ื™ืฆืื• ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืกื™ื ื™ ื•ื›ื•’, ื•ืžืคื ื™ ื›ืš ื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืœืกืคื•ืจ ืžืžื—ืจืช ื”ืคืกื— ืขื“ ื™ื•ื ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื‘ื ืคืฉื ื• ืืช ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื ื›ื‘ื“ ื•ื›ื•’.

ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืจื‘ื” ื•ื™ืงืจื ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง “ื•ื”ื‘ืืชื ืืช ืขื•ืžืจ ื•ื’ื•” ื”ื“ื ื”ื•ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ “ืžื” ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืœืื“ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืžืœื•” ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืขืžืœ ืฉืื“ื ืขืžืœ ื‘ืขื•ื””ื– ืฉื–ื•ืจืข ื•ืงื•ืฆืจ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ, ืจืง ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืฉืื“ื ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ืขื•ืžืจ ื”ืชื ื•ืคื” ื–ื”ื• ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขืžืœ, ืจ’ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื‘ืจ ื ื—ืžื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืงืฉื• ืœื’ื ื•ื– ืกืคืจ ืงื”ืœืช ื•ื›ื•’ ืืžืจื• ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ืฉืœืžื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื” ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืœืื“ื ื•ื’ื•’ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืืฃ ื‘ืขืžืœื• ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ืžืฉืžืข, ื—ื–ืจื• ื•ืืžืจื• ืื™ืœื• ืืžืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืžืœ ื•ืฉืชืง ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืืฃ ืขืžืœ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื ื• ืื•ืžืจ ืืœื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืžืœื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื‘ืขืžืœื• ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืื‘ืœ ืขืžืœ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœ, ืืžืจ ืจ’ ืœื•ื™ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ืžืขืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื””ื– ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืงื‘”ื” ืžื–ืจื™ื— ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ.

ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืจื‘ื” ื•ื™ืงืจื ืœ”ื “ื•ืœืงื—ืชื ืœื›ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ”, ื‘ื’ืž’ ืื™ืชื ืœื›ื ืžืฉืœื›ื, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืœื›ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื, ืจ’ ืื‘ื ื‘ืจ ื›ื”ื ื ืคืชื— “ืงื—ื• ืžื•ืกืจื™ ื•ืืœ ื›ืกืฃ” ย ืฉืื“ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื—ืช ืœืขืฆืžื• ืžื•ืกืจ ื•ืืœ ืœื• ืœื—ืคืฉ ื›ืกืฃ.

ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• “ืœืžื” ืชืฉืงืœื• ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ืœื ืœื—ื” ืœืžื” ืืชื ืฉื•ืงืœื™ื ื›ืกืฃ ืœืคื ื™ ืขืฉื™ื•, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ โ€“ ืœืžื” ืืชื ืฉื•ืงืœื™ื ื•ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื›ืกืฃ ืœืขืฉื™ื•, ืžืฉื•ื “ืœื ืœื—ื” ืขืœ ืฉืœื ืฉื‘ืขืชื ืžืœื—ืžื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”, “ื•ื™ื’ื™ืขื›ื ื‘ืœื ืœืฉื‘ืขื”” ืœืžื” ืืชื ื™ื’ืขื™ื ื•ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉื‘ืขื™ื, ืขืœ ืฉืœื ืฉื‘ืขืชื ืžื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ื ืืžืจ ื›ืืŸ ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื–ื” ืœื—ื ื•ื™ื™ืŸ.

ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืจื‘ื” ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›”ื” ื’’ “ื›ื™ ืชื‘ื•ืื• ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื ื˜ืขืชื ื›ืœ ืขืฅ ืžืื›ืœ”, ืจ’ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืจ ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ืคืชื— “ืื—ืจื™ ื”’ ืืœื•ืงื™ื›ื ืชืœื›ื•” ื•ื›ื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื ืœื”ืœื•ืš ืื—ืจ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื•ื›ื•’, ืืœื ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ืชืขืกืง ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืืœื ื‘ืžื˜ืข ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ “ื•ื™ื˜ืข ื”’ ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื’ืŸ ื‘ืขื“ืŸ”, ืืฃ ืืชื ืฉื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืืจืฅ ืœื ืชืชืขืกืงื• ืืœื ื‘ืžื˜ืข ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื”ื“ื ื”ื•ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื›ื™ ืชื‘ื•ืื• ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ.

ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ื›”ื” ื’ “ื•ื›ื™ ืชื‘ืื• ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื ื˜ืขืชื ื›ืœ ืขืฅ ืžืื›ืœ”, ื”ื“ื ื”ื•ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ “ืขืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืœืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื”” ืžื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ืืŸ, ืฉื’ื ืขืžืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ืงืจื ื ื˜ื™ืขื”, ื•ื ื˜ื™ืขื” ื–ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื ื˜ื•ืข ื›ืฉื‘ืื™ื ืœืืจืฅ ื›ืžื• ื ื˜ื™ืขืช ืขืฅ ืžืื›ืœ. ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื”ื ื ื•ื˜ืขื™ื ืขืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื”.

ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง “ืืœ ืชืงืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ืš ืืœื ื‘ื•ื ื™ืš” ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉืช”ื— ื ืงืจืื™ื ื‘ื ืื™ื. ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื•ืžื ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืช”ื— ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื•ื˜ืข ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืฆื•ืžื— ื•ืžื’ื“ืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ื–ื”ื• ื•ื—ื™ื™ ืขื•ืœื ื ื˜ืข ื‘ืชื•ื›ื™ื ื•, ื–ื” ื”ืžื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืข”ื– ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื—ื–”ืœ “ื‘ื ื™ ืื ืชืงื— ืืžืจื™ ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™ ืชืฆืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืชืš” ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื— ืืžืจื™ ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืœืžืฉื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื ื™, ืขื™ืกืงื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืืชื ืžืชื™ื™ืจืื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ืื•ืžื”.

ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ื ื ืื ื ื›ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืžื™ืชื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืžื™ื, ืžื” ื™ืขืฉื” ื•ื™ื—ื™ื”, ืื ื”ื™ื” ืœืžื•ื“ ืœืงืจื•ื ื“ืฃ ืื—ื“ ืงื•ืจื ืฉื ื™ ื“ืคื™ื ื•ืื ื”ื™ื” ืœืžื•ื“ ืœืงืจื•ื ืคืจืง ืื—ื“ ื™ืงืจื ืฉื ื™ ืคืจืงื™ื, ื–ื”ื• ืฉืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื’ื™ื ื” ื•ืžืฆื™ืœื”.

ืœืคื ื™ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืค’ ื™ืชืจื• “ื•ืขืชื” ืื ืฉืžื•ืข ืชืฉืžืขื• ื‘ืงื•ืœื™ ื•ืฉืžืจืชื ื‘ืจื™ืชื™ ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืœื™ ืกื’ื•ืœื” ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื•ื›ื•”. ืื•ืžืจ ืจืฉ”ื™ “ื•ืขืชื””, ืื ืขืชื” ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืขืœื™ื›ื ื™ืขืจื‘ ืœื›ื ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืื™ืœืš, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ืœื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื™ื“ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข, ืžื›ืืŸ ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืงื‘ืœื”, ืฉืื ื”ืื“ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืื– ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืœื”.

ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืชืจืž”ื’ ืคืกื•ืง ืžื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืž”ื “ื”ืŸ ืืชื ืžืื™ืŸ, ื•ืคืขืœื›ื ืžืืคืข, ืชื•ืขื‘ื” ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื›ื” ื”ืŸ – ืื—ืช, ืืชื – ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื, ืžืื™ืŸ – ืžื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื›ืื™ืŸ ื›ื ื’ื“ื•, “ื•ืคืขืœื›ื ืžืืคืข” – ืืžืจ ืจ’ ืœื•ื™ ื›ืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืคืขื™ื” ืื—ืช ืฉืคืขื• ืœืคื ื™ื• ื‘ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื•ืืžืจื• “ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”’ ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข”.

ื•ื‘ืฉื›ืจ ืฉืืžืจื• ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข, ื”ื’ื ืฉืืžืจื• ื–ืืช ืœืคื ื™ ื—ื˜ื ื”ืขื’ืœ, ืžืขืœืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ืขืžื“ื” ืœื”ื ืฉื”ืงื‘”ื” ื‘ื—ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืจ ืœืงืจื‘ืŸ, ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ “ืชื•ืขื‘ื” ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื›ื” ื›ืงืจื‘ืŸ.

ื›ืชื™ื‘ “ืฉื•ืจ ืื• ื›ื‘ืฉ ื›ื™ ื™ื•ื•ืœื“” ืืžืจื• ื—ื–”ืœ, ื•ื›ื™ ืฉื•ืจ ื ื•ืœื“, ืขื’ืœ ื ื•ืœื“, ืืœื ืฉื‘ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืœื ืจืฆื” ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื—ื˜ื ื”ืขื’ืœ.

ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืชื ืื™ “ื•ื™ื—ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ื”ืจ” ื›ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ ืื—ื“, ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืื‘ืœื™ื ื’ื ืขืœ ืคื˜ื™ืจืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ืจ’ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ืฉืœื ื ื”ื’ื• ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื”, ืžื” ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช, ืขืœ ื ื“ื‘ ื•ืื‘ื™ื”ื• ื ืืžืจ ืฉื ืขื ืฉื• ืขืœ ืฉืœื ืฉืืœื• ืขืฆื” ื–ื” ืžื–ื” ืคื™’ ืฉืœื ื”ืขืจื™ื›ื• ืื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืื™ืชื•.

ื”ื’ืž’ ื‘ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื›”ื“. ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื–ื›ืจื™ื” “ื•ืืงื— ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืงืœื•ืช ืœืื—ื“ ืงืจืืชื™ ื ืขื ื•ืœืื—ื“ ืงืจืืชื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืœื™ื” “ื ืขื” – ืืœื• ืช”ื— ืฉื‘ื”ื™ ืฉืžื ืขื™ืžื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื” ื‘ื”ืœื›ื”, “ื—ื•ื‘ืœื™ื” – ืืœื• ืช”ื— ืฉื‘ื‘ื‘ืœ ืฉืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื” ื‘ื”ืœื›ื”. “ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืืœื™ ืืœื• ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื™ืฆื”ืจ ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื•ื’ื•” ื•ืฉื ื™ื ื–ื™ืชื™ื ืขืœื™ื”” “ื™ืฆื”ืจ” – ืืžืจ ืจ’ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืืœื• ืช”ื— ืฉื‘ื”ื™ ืฉื ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืžื ื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื” ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช, “ื•ืฉื ื™ื ื–ื™ืชื™ื ืขืœื™ื”” – ืืœื• ืช”ื— ืฉื‘ื‘ื‘ืœ ืฉืžืจื•ืจื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืœื–ื” ื‘ื”ืœื›ื”. ื ืืžืจ ื›ืืŸ ืฉืช”ื— ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™ ืžื ืขื™ืžื™ื ื•ื ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืžื ื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื”.

ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืชืจืก”ื” “ื•ื›ื™ ื™ืžื•ืš ืื—ื™ืš ื•ื”ื—ื–ืงืช ื‘ื•” ื”ื“ื ื”ื•ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ “ืืฉืจื™ ืžืฉื›ื™ืœ ืืœ ื“ืœ” ืืžืจ ืจ’ ื™ื•ื ื” ืืฉืจื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื ื ืืžืจ ืืœื ืืฉืจื™ ืžืฉื›ื™ืœ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ืœ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื”ืขื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš, ื•ืข”ื– ื ืืžืจ “ืจืฉ ื•ืื™ืฉ ืชื›ื›ื™ื ื ืคื’ืฉื• ืžืื™ืจ ืขื™ื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื””, ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ “ืขืฉื™ืจ ื•ืจืฉ ื ืคื’ืฉื• ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ื•ืœื ื””, ืคื™’ ืื™ืฉ ืจืฉ ืขื ื™ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœืื™ืฉ ืชื›ื›ื™ื, ืื“ื ืฉืœืžื“ ืกื“ืจ ืื—ื“ ืื• ืฉื ื™ ืกื“ืจื™ื, ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื™ ืคืจืง ืื—ื“, ื•ืœืžื“ ืื™ืชื• ื•ื”ืฉื ื”ื•, “ืžืื™ืจ ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื”” ื•ืงื ื• ืขื•ื””ื– ื•ืขื•ื””ื‘, ืื‘ืœ ืขืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื ืคื’ืฉื• ื•ืืžืจ ืขื ื™ ืœืขืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื™, ื•ืืžืจ ืืชื” ืื•ื—ื– ื‘ืžืื™ืžืชื™ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ื—ื– ื‘ืขื•ืงืฆื™ืŸ ืœืš ืœื“ื›ื•ื•ืชืš ืœืื“ื ื‘ืจืžื” ืฉืœืš ื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื”ื•, “ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ื•ืœื ื”” ืžื™ ืฉืขืฉื” ืœื–ื” ื—ื›ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื–ื” ื˜ื™ืคืฉ ื•ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคืฉ ื™ืขืฉื” ื—ื›ื.

ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื™ื–ื›ื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืขื ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”, ืฉื ืงื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืกืคื™ืง ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืฉ”ืก, ื•ืฉืชื•ืจืชื™ื ื• ืชื”ื™ื” ืงื‘ืข ื•ืžืœืื›ืชื™ื ื• ืขืจืื™, ื•ืฉื ืœืžื“ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ื•ืœื›ื‘ื“ ื•ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ื–ื•ืœืชื™ื ื•, ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื•,ย  ื•ืขื™”ื– ื ื–ื›ื” ืœ”ืืฉืจื™ ืžืฉื›ื™ืœ ืืœ ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืจืขื” ื™ืžืœื˜ื”ื• ื””, ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื—ื–”ืœ ืฉื‘ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ื™ืฉื ื ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉื ื™ื “ืืฉืจื™”, ื•ืจืง ื›ืืŸ ื ืืžืจ ืฉื›ืจื• “ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื ืจืขื” ื™ืžืœื˜ื”ื• ื””, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื“ื™ืŸ ื’ื™ื”ื ื•ื.

ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™, ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ ืื”ื•ื‘ื™, ืืœื• ื“ืจื›ื™ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืชื™ื ื• ื”ืง’ ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื ื›ื ื•, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื ื—ื ืš ืืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ืข”ื”, ื‘ืจื›ืชื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื•ืœื ื—ื’ ืฉืžื—, ื•ืฉื ื–ื›ื” ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื•ืœืœืžื“ ื•ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจืชืš ื‘ืื”ื‘ื”, ื•ืฉื ื–ื›ื” ืœื’ืื•ืœื” ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืืžืŸ.

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