ืืืืืช ืืื ืื
Finkel, Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Aryeh ztโl
ืชืืืืช ืืชื ืชืืจื
ืงืืื ืืชื ืชืืจื ืืืจ ืืงืืดื ืืืฉื (ืฉืืืช ืื-ื); ืื ืชืืืจ ืืืืช ืืขืงื ืืชืืืจ ืืื ื ืืฉืจืื – ืดืืืชื ืชืืื ืื ืืืืืช ืืื ืื ืืืื ืงืืืฉืด. ืืคืืจืฉ ืืกืคืืจื ื: ืืืื ืชืืื ืื ืกืืืื, ืื ืชืืื ืืืืืช ืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืืืืจืืช ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืฉื ืืงืจืื ืืืื ืืฉื ื’ ืืืขืืื ืฉืื ืืื ืืื’, ืืืืืจื ืดืื ืืฆืืื ืชืฆื ืชืืจื ืืืืจ ื’ ืืืจืืฉืืืืด.
ืดืืชื ืืจืืช ืืืขืช ืื ื’ ืืื ืืืืงืื ืืื ืขืื ืืืืืืด (ืืืจืื ื-ืื).ย – ืคืืจืฉ ืจืฉืดื:
ืืฉื ืชื ืืงื”ื ืืช ืืชืืจื ืคืชื ืืื ืฉืืขื ืจืงืืขืื, ืืืฉื ืฉืงืจืข ืืช ืืขืืืื ืื, ืื ืงืจืข ืืช ืืชืืชืื ืื ืืจืื ืฉืืื ืืืืื, ืืื ื ืืืจ ืืชื ืืจืืช ืืืขืช.
ืื ืืืชื ืืืงืืื ืืืชื ืื ืืงืืืช ืืชืืจื, ืื ืื ืชืืืืช ืืืืจืช ืื ืืชืืจื, ืืืืืจ ืืช ืืืจื ืืขืืื ืฉืืื ืขืื ืืืืื, ืืื ืฉืืืจ ืืืจืดื (ืืฉืื ืื-ืื) ืื ืขืืงืจ ื ืชืื ืช ืืชืืจื ืืืฉืจืื ืืื ืืื ืฉืืฉืืื ืืืืื ื ืื’. ืืืื ืืืืื โ “ืืื ืขืื ืืืืืืด. ืืืืืจ ืฉืืื ืื ืืขืืื ืฉืืืื ืืชืช ืืืจ ืื, ืืืืชื ืืงืืดื ืืขืฆืื [ืืขื’ ื ืคืืดื ื-ืื].
ืืืื ‘ืืืืืช ืืื ืื’, ืฉืืืจื ืืื ืขืื ืชืื, ืื ื’ ืืื ืืืืงืื ืืื ืขืื ืืืืื. ืืืื ืขื ืื ืืืืืืช ืฉืืฉ ืืื ืืื ืืืฉืจืื, ืฉืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืงืืจื ืื ืืขืืื ืืืืืืข ืืจืื ื’.
ืืื ืงืืืฉ
ืดืืืื ืงืืืฉืด – ืคืืจืฉ ืืกืคืืจื ื:
ืืื ืฉืืืื ืืขื ืื ืืขืชืดื, ืืืืจื ืืืื ืื ืฉืืจ ืืฆืืื ืืื ืืชืจ ืืืจืืฉืืื ืงืืืฉ ืืืืจ ืื, ืืืืจื ืืืดื (ืกื ืืืจืื ืฆื.) ืื ืงืืืฉ ืืขืืื ืงืืื ืืฃ ืื ืืขืืื ืงืืืืืืด.
ืืืฃ ืฉืืืจ ืื ืคืืจืฉืืื ืื”ื; ืงืืืฉืื ืชืืื – ืคืจืืฉืื ืชืืื, ืฆืดื ืฉืื ืืืืจืื, ืื ืคืจืืฉืื ืืืื ื ืืืจืืื ืื ืืืืืจ, ืืืงืืืฉ ืืื ืจืืื ื, ืืืจืืื ื ืืื ื ืฆืื, ืื ืืื ืืืง ืืืง ืืืขื, ืืื ืฉืืืจื ืืื’ ืดืื ืงืืืฉ ืงืืื ืืขืืื ืืฃ ืื ืืขืืื ืงืืืืืืด, ืืืื ืฉืืืจ ืืืชืื (ืงืืืช ืื-ื) ืดืืืฉืื ืืขืคืจ ืขื ืืืจืฅ ืืฉืืื, ืืืจืื ืชืฉืื ืื ืืืืงืื ืืฉืจ ื ืชื ืืด.
ืืืื ืืืืืช ืดืืืืืช ืืื ืืืด – ืืืืื ืืืืืจืืช ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืฉื ืืงืจืื ืืืื ืืฉื ื’ ืืืขืืื ืฉืื ืืื, ืขืืื ื ืืืืืช ืชืืืื ืดืืื ืงืืืฉืด – ืืืชืจืืง ืื ืืืืืจ ืืืืชืงืจื ืืืืืง ื ืคืฉื ื ืืจืฆืื ื’, ืื ื ืืื ืืืืจืืช ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืฉื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืดืืืื ืขืื ืืืืืืด.
ื ืืจ ืืืงืื ืขื ืจืืฉื
ืืืื ืืืชืื ืืคืจืฉืชื ื ืดืืืฉ ืื ืืคืืื ืื ืืืจ ื ืืจ ื ืืืจ ืืืืืจ ืื’, ืงืืืฉ ืืืื, ืื ื ืืจ ืืืงืื ืขื ืจืืฉืืด, ืืคืืจืฉ ืืจืืืดืข ืื ืืฉื ืดื ืืืจืด ืืื ืืฉืื ืืชืจ – ืดืื ืื ืื ื ืืื ืขืืื ืชืืืช ืืขืืื, ืืืืื ืืืืช ืฉืืฉ ืื ื ืืจ ืืขืืจืช ืืืืืช ืืจืืฉื, ืื ืื ืฉืืื ืืคืฉื ืื ืืชืืืชืด.
ืืืืื ื ืฉืืืื ืฉืคืจืฉ ืืชืืืช ืืขืืื ืืื ืืืื ืดืืืฉืืืช ืืช ืืืขืช ืืขืืืืช ื’ืด ืืจืืื ืงืืืฉ, ืืืื ื ืขืฉืื ืจืืื ืืื ืื ืฆืืืื, ืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืฉื, ืื ืขืืื ืืืืจืืช ืืช ืื ืืขืืื ืืงืจืื ืืฉื ื’ ืืืืืืง ืื.
ืืืืืจ ืืช ืืืจื ืขืืื ืืืงืืืฉ ืืืื ืืขืืืืชื, ืืืืืจ ืฉืืงืืฉ ืืช ืื ืืขืฉืื ืื’, ืืจื ืืื ื ืงืจื ืงืืืฉ ืืืืืง ืืืงืืจ ืืืืื, ืืืื ืืื ืื ืืงืืื ืืขืืื, ืืืื ืจืืื ืืืืจืืช ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืฉื ืื ืืื ืขืื ืืืืื, ืืื ืืืื ืขื ืืขืืื ืฉืื ืดืขืืื ืชืืืช ืืขืืืืด, ืดืืืื ืืืื ืืืืช ืืืชืจ ืืืืืช ืืจืืฉื ืขื ืื ืืื ืืคืฉื ืื ืืชืืืืชืด.
ืชืืืืช ื ืชืื ืช ืืชืืจื
ืืืื ืชืืืืช ืงืืืช ืืชืืจื, ืืืืืช ืดืืืืืช ืืื ืื ืืืื ืงืืืฉืด, ืืืชืจืืื ืืืคืจืืฉ ืื ืืืืืจ, ืืืืืืง ืืืื ืืงืืืฉ ืืดื, ืืืืืจ ืื ืืื ืืืฆืืืืช ืืืื ืืืืชื ืืฆืืืืช ืืื, ืืืื ืืื ืืจืฆืื ื ืืื ืืฆืืืืช ืืื ืืืื.
ืืืื ืฉืืชื ืืจืืืดื (ืกืืดืค ืื) ืดืฉืืื ืืืื ืืืง ืืชืืจืช ืืฉื, ืขื ืฉื ืืืื ืืื ืืืจืื ื ืืืงืจืื ื ืฉืืืื ื ืกืื ืืื ืืื ืืืข ืืื ืืื ืฉื ืขืืื ืืื ืืจืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืื ืื ืืขืฉื ืืืฆืื ืืฆืืืื ื ืฉืืจื ืืื ืืขืืืจ ืขืืืื ืืืจืืชื ื ืขื ืฉื, ืืื ืืืืจืช ืขืืืืืด.
ืื ืืืงื ื ืืชืืจืช ืืฉื, ืืืืืื ืฉืืื ืื ืืขืืื ืืืื ืชื ืืขื ืืื ืืืจืช ืขืืืื, ืื ืดืขืืงืจ ื ืชืื ืช ืืชืืจื ืืืฉืจืื ืืื ืืื ืฉืืฉืืื ืืืืื ื ืื’, ืืืืชืื ืดืืืงื ืขืืืช ืืืขืงื ืืชืืจื ืฉื ืืืฉืจืื ืืื’ ืืืขื ืืืขื ืืืจ ืืืจืื ืื ืื ืืืืื ืืืฉืืื ืืืืงืื ืืกืืืด.
ืื ืืชืืจื ื ืืชื ื ืืืฉืจืื ืืืขื ืืืื ืดืืืืืช ืืื ืื ืืืื ืงืืืฉืด, ืืืขืช ืื ื’ ืืื ืืืืงืื ืืื ืขืื ืืืืื, ืืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืจืง ืื ืืช’, ืื ืืืืื ืืื ืฉืื ืืฉืงืจ ืืืื ืืืืืื ืืฉืจ ืืจืืช ืืืจืชืื, ืืืืืืืื ืืืื ืืืืืคื, ืืืืื ืืื ืืช’ ืืื ืืื ืื ืืงืืื.
ืืืื ืืืืืื
ืืื ืฉืืื ื ืืืืจ ืื ืืื ืืืืจืช ืขืืืื, ืืจืืื ืืกืื ืืืขืจ ืืืืืฉื ืืื ืืืืืฉื ืฉืื ืืืืกื.
ืืืืจ ืจ’ ืืืื ื ืืฉืื ืจืฉืืดื (ืกื ืืืจืื ืงื.):
ืืื ืืืชืื ืดืืืฉ ืืื ื ืฉืคื ืืช ืืืฉ ืืืื ืืจืื ืืฉืืง ืืืื ื ืืชืด (ืืฉืื ืื-ื), ืืืจ ืืงืืดื, ืืขืกืชื ืขื ืืื ืื ืชืชืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืฉืง, ืืืื ืืงืืืจ ืืืืืืื, ืฉื ืืืจ ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืืฉืง ืืืืื ืื, ืืืืืจ ืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืจื ืื ืืขืืจืื ืืืชื ืืื, ืืืื ืืืขืืจืื ื, ืืื ืืื ืื ืืืืฉืืื ืืืื ืืฉืจืื, ืฉืืงืชื ืขื ืืืฆืื ืื ืชืชื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืื, ืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืฉืชืืื ืืื, ืฉื ืืืจ ืืืื ืืืจื ืื ืืืฆืื ืืืืืช ืืช ืืืืืื, ืืืื ืืช ืืืื ืื ื ืฉืขืืจ, ืืืขืืืื ืื ืืืืืื, ืืืคื ืืื ืืฉืชืืื ืืืื ืืงืืจ.
ืืืื ืืืื ืืฉืจ ืืื ื ืืจืืืฉ ืืื ืืืช ื’ ืืชื, ืืืื ืฉืืืืจ ืืืืจืฉืดื ืฉื:
ืขื ืื ืกืืืืชื, ืืคื ืฉืืืจ ืจืื ืืื ืืฆืจืชื ืืืชืจ ืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืฉืืื ืืคื ืื, ืฉืื ืืื ืืื ืขืืืื ืขืดื ืืืืชื, ืืืื ืื ืืืืื, ืฉืืฉืืื ืฉืืื ืขืืื ืขืดื ืืื ืื ืืฆืจื, ืืืชืื ืื ืืขืช ืืฆืจ ืื ืืืืกืฃ ืืืขืื ืื’, ืืื ืืืืคื ืืืฆืื, ืขืฉื ืืืฉืจ ืืขืื ื ื’ ืืืฆืืื ืืืขืฉืื ืืื’ ืืืื ืื ืืืืื ืฉืืฉืืื ืฉืืื ืืื ื ืขืืื ืขืดื ืืื ืืฆืืื, ืืืชืื ืืื ืืืฆืืืชื ืืืืืช ืืช ืืืื ืืืื ืืื’.
ืืื ืืืื, ืืฉืจ ืจืืื ืืช ืืืฉืืื ืืคืจืืืช ืื ืืืืช ืื, ืื ืืฉืืืง ืืคื ืื ืฉืืืงืืช, ืื ืืคื ืื ืืขืืืืช, ืืืืื ืืื ืื ืืขืืฆื ืขืื ืื ืื ืฉืืจ ืืืกืืืืชื ืืืขืจืืชื ืืขืืื ืืืืืื ืืฉืจ ืื ืืื ืืจืืง, ืื ืื ืืืื ืืฉืจ ืขืื ืื ืืจืืฉื ืจืืื ืืขืืื ืื ื’ ืืื ืืืืงืื ืืืื ืขืื ืืืืื, ืืืื ืื ืืขืืื ืืืชื ืจืฆืื ื ืืช’.
ืืืฉื ืืืืื ืื ืคื ืื ืฉืืืงืืช, ืืจืืื ืืืื ืืืฉืื ืืืงืืดื ืืืชืืืง ืืขืืืืชื, ืืืฉืจืืื ืคื ืื ืืขืืืืช ืืืงืื ืืกืืจืื, ืืจืืื ืืืืจ ืืชืฉืืื ืฉืืื ืืืืงืฉ ืจืืืื ืขื ืขืฆืื, ืืืคืืืก ืืช ืืืจืื ืฉืืื ืื, ืืืงืื ืขื ืขืฆืื ืฉืื ืืืื ืขืื.
ืืืื ืืืืื ื ืืืืืชืืช, ืืจืืืช ืืื ืฆืขื ืืฉืขื ืืืื ืืฉืจ ืืงืจื ืืช ืืืื, ืืย ืืงืจื, ืืื ืืื ืืืฉืืื ืืืกืืจ ื ืคืื ืืืืืืง ืืืืงืืง ืขื ืืืคืืื, ืืื ืืืืจื ืฉืืื ืขืื ืืืืื, ืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืฉืืืื ื ืืจื ืืขืืื, ืืจืืฉืืช ืืฉืืื ืืชืืจื ืฉื ืงืจืืช ืจืืฉืืช ืืืฉืืื ืืฉืจืื ืฉื ืงืจืื ืจืืฉืืช, ืืื ืืชืืจื ืืชืืืืช ืื ืดืืืฉืืื ืืืืงืื ืืกืืืด ืืื ืืฉืื ืืืจื ืืกืืื ืืืจืช, ืื ืืื ืขืื ืืืืื, ืืืื ืืื ืฉื ืืืจ ืขืืื ืื ืชืงืืื ืื ืืืงืจื ืดืืืชื ืชืืื ืื ืืืืืช ืืื ืื ืืืื ืงืืืฉืด -ืดืื ืงืืืฉ ืงืืื ืืขืืื ืืฃ ืื ืืขืืื ืงืืืืืืด.
ืืืดืจ ืฉืืื ืืืงื ื ืขืืื, ืืชื ืืืงื ื ืืชืืจืชื – ืืืืืื ืฉืืื ืืืืจืช ืขืืืื ืดืืืื ืขืื ืืืืืืด.
ืืฉืืืื ืืืื
Shpitzer, Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shlita
ืฉืืืขืืช
ืืขืฉื ืืืขื ืืชืจืืื
ืืืจ ืืืขื ืื ืขืจืื ืืื ืฉื ืชืฉืืื ืื ืื ืืฆืืชืื ืืขืืืชื ืืื ืชืืขืจื ืื. ืืฆ”ื ืืืคืืืืช ืื ืืืกืืฃ ืืืืจ ืืขืืืชื ืืื ืชืืขืจื ืื. ืืจืืืชื ืืฉื ืฉืืืช ืืจืื ืืืืื”ื ืฉืืชื ืืืืืช ืงืฉื ืฉืืืขื ืืืจ ืืื ืืื ืื ืืืชืจ ืืฉืืืื, ืฉืืจื ืืื ืืืฉืืื ืืืื ืฉืื ืชืคืจืืฉ ืชืจืืืืช ืืืขืฉืจืืช ืื ืืื ืืืฉืืช ืฉืืืงืืช ืืงื ืื ืฉืืื ืฉืคืืืจ ืืืขืฉืจืืช ืืืคืืจืฉ ืืชืจืืืืช ืค”ื ื”ื ืืืจืื”ื ืค”ื ืืชืจืืืืช ื”ื ืืืื ืฉืืจืฉื ืืกืคืจื ืืืชืื (ืืืจืื ื”ื ื”ื) ืืื ืืืื ืื ืืื ืื ืืืง ืื ืืื ืขืื ืืฆื ืื ืฉืืฉ ืื ืืืง ืื ืืื ืขืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืืื ืขื ื ื ืืื ืืชื ืืช ืขื ืืื. ืืืื ืืืจ ืืขืืืชื ืืช ืืชืืืื ืฉืืขืฉื ืืืชื ืืคืงืจ ืืคืืืจ ืืชืจื”ื ืืจืื”ื ืค”ื ืืชืจืืืืช ืื”ื, ืืืื ืืื ืชืืขืจื ืื – ืืชืืืื ืืคื’ ืืงื ืืืชื ืืืฉ ืืืจ ืืืื ืฉืืื ืืคืงืจ, ืืื ืจืง ืฉืืื ื ืืชื ืื ืจืฉืืช ืืืืื ืืฉืื. ืืืืกืืคื ืืืข”ื ืืืืื ืืืขื ืืืคืจืืฉ ืืฉืื ืขื ืฉืื ื”ื ืืื ืฉืื ืื ืืืืงืฃ ืืืื ืขืืืฃ ืฉืืื ืืคืงืืจ ืืืืจื.
ืืืขื”ื ืืจืฉ”ืฉ ืคืื ืค”ื ื”ื.
ืืข”ืข ืืก’ ืฉืืื ืชืืื ืฉืืชื ืืืื ืืคืงืจ ืืื (ืืคื ืืืื”ื ืืจืฉ”ืฉ) ืื ืืื ืืจืืจื ืื”ื ืฉืืคืงืืจ ืืืืจ ืืื. ืื ืืืื ืืคืงืจ ืืืืจ ืืื ืืืื ืืงืฆืืช ืจ”ืก ืจื ”ื ืืืคืงืจ ืืื”ื ืืื ื ืืืงืฉื ืืื ืขื ืืืจืืฉืืื, ืืืืืจ ืืืื ื”ื ื”ื ืืชื ืืืืฉื ืงื’ ืืงืฆืืช ืื”ื ืืืคืงืจ ืืื”ื ืื ืืื ื ืืืืชื ืืืืืจื. ืืืืืื ืืืคืืจืฉ ืืชืืก’ ื”ืง ืก”ื ืข”ื ืื”ื ืื ืืืื ื ืืคืงืจ ืืื”ื ืื”ืฉ ืืงืฆืืช. ืืืชื ืฉื ืืืืื ืืืจ ืื ืขืจืื ืืืืจ ืฉืืคืื ืื ืืคืงืืจื, ืื ืื ืืื ืื ืืื ื ืืคืงืจ ืข”ื ืฉืืื ืืืืื ืื”ื ืกืืก”ื ืชื”ื ืืคืฉืืื ืืื ืืื ืืื ื, ืื ืืืื ืืืืงืื. ืืื ืขืืื ืชื ืืขืช.
ืืืขืืงืจ ืืงื’ ืฉืืืฉืื ืืืชื ืืืฉืื ืฉืคืืืจ ืืชืจื”ื ืืฉืื ืืงื, ืชื’ ืคืจืงื ืฉื ื ืขื ืคื ืื ืฉืืงืฉื ืืจ”ืฉ ืืืื ืฆืจืื ืคืกืืง ืืคืืืจ ืคืื ืืชืจื”ื ืืืจื ืืื”ื ืคืืืจ ืืฉืื ืืงืื ืืฉืืืืช ืืืงืื ืืคื ื ืืืจืื ืคืืืจ, ืืชื’ ืืจ”ืฉ ืค”ืง ืืคืื ืืื”ื ืืืื ืฉืืฉ ืื ืืืืช ืืคืื ืืื ืืื ื ืืงืื ืืืืื ืืชืจื”ื. ืืืคื”ื ืืื ืฉืื ืื ืื ืืืขื ืืืงื ืืจื ืืฉ ืื ืคืืืจ ืฉื ืืงืื. (ืื”ืฆ ืืื ืฉืืชื ืืืื”ื ืฉืืคืงืืจ ืืื ืืื ืฉื ืชื ืื ืืื ืืื ืคืืืจื ืืฉืื ืืงืื). ืืืืืจื ืืจ”ืฉ ืืื”ื.
ืืืื’ ื”ื ืขืื ืืขื ืืคืืืจื ืื”ืช ืื ืืื ืื”ื ื ืชื ื ืืืง ืื ืขืื ืื”ื ืื ืฉื ืชื ื ืื ืขืื ืื”ื ืคืืืจ ืืฉืื ืืงืื, ืืื ืจืืช ืขืฆืื ืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืคืจืืฉ ืืคื ื ืฉืชืชื ืื ืขืื ืื ืืฉ ืื ืืคืืืจ ืฉื ืืืจืื ืข”ื ืืืืืจ ืืืคืืจืฉ ืืจืื”ื ืค”ื ืืืขืฉืจ ื”ื. ืืืืื ืื ืืืง ืฉืื ืคืืืจ ืืคื ืื ืฉืืชื ืืืจื ืืืื ื ืค”ื ืืืขืฉืจ ืืฆืืื ืืืืื ืกืงื”ื ืืืืืื ื ืืชืจ ืจืืื, ืืืืื ืืงืืจ ืืืื”ื ืืืื ื’ ื”ื. ืืืคืืื ื ืืื ืืืืชื ืืขืืงืจื ืืขืฆืื ืืื ืื ืขืื ืื”ื ืื ืืื ืืืจืื ืข”ื ืืืืืจ ืืื ืื ืืื ืืชื ื ืืืจ ืืืจืื, ื”ื ืืฉ ืืคืืืจ ืืฉืื ืฉืื ืฉืืชืคืื ืืื”ื ืืืงืืืืช ืืืื ืคืืืจืื ืืืจ ืืืืจืื.
ืืืจื ืจืืืชืื ื
Levinshtein, Maran Hamashgiach Hagaon Harav Yechezkel ztโl
ืืืื ืืืื ืืฉืืืฉื ืืืืืช ืืืืงืจ ืืืื ืงืืืืช ืืืจืงืื ืืขื ื ืืื ืขื ืืืจ ืืงืื ืฉืคืจ ืืืง ืืื ืืืืจื ืื ืืขื ืืฉืจ ืืืื ื (ืฉืืืช ืื ืื)
ืจืฉืดื: ืืืื ืฉืืงืืื ืขื ืืื ืื ืฉืืื ืืจื ืืฉืจ ืืื ืืขืฉืืช ืื ืฉืืื ืจื ืืืชืื ืืชืืืื.
ืืืืืจ ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืืืื ืฉืืื ืืืขืื ืืจ ืกืื ื ืขื ืฉืืงืืื ืืงืืดื ืืืืืืื ืืืชืื ืืืื ืืฉืจืื ืฉืืืืื ืืงืื ืืช ืืชืืจื.
ืืื”ื ื ืจืื ืืืืจื ืืืืืืชื ืดืืืื ืฉืืฉืืื ื ืืฆืื ืืงืจืืชื ืืืชื ืืืืฆื ืืงืจืืช ืืื, ืืื ืฉืืืจ (ืืืจืื ืื ื) ืืณ ืืกืื ื ืื ืืื ื ืืืจ ืืกืื ื ืืืด. ืืืืื ื ืืืืจืื ื ืืชืคืืื ืดืืืืช ืขืืื ืืืช ืืฉืจืื ืขืื ืืืืช ืชืืจื ืืืฆืืืช ืืืงืื ืืืฉืคืืื ืืืชื ื ืืืืชืด, ืฉื ืชืื ืช ืืชืืจื ืืืืฆืืืช ืืืืคื ื ืชืื ืชื ืื ืจืืื ืืืืื ืืืืช ืืณ ืืืฉืจืื.
ืืื ื ืืืืจ ืืขืื ืืจ ืกืื ื ืืืฉืืื ืืชืืจื ืดืืืื ืืืฉืคืืื ืืฉืจ ืชืฉืื ืืคื ืืืืด (ืฉืืืช ืื ื), ืืฆ”ื: ืืจื ืืฉืคื ืืืืชื ืืื ืืขืื ืฉ, ืืืืืข ืื ื ืกืื ืืื ืืืืจ ืืืืื ืืืืช ื’ ืืืฉืจืื.
ืืื ืฉืืื ืื ื ืืืืจืื ืืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืื ืื ืื ืชืื ืช ืดืืื ืืืฉืคืืืืด, ืืื ืฉืืื ืฆืจืืื ืืืืืช ืื ื ืฉืืืื ื ืืืืืช ืืขื ืื ืืืจ, ืืขืดื ืื ื ืืืจืืื ืืืจืืช ืืฉืืจ ืดืฉืื ืขืฉื ื ืืืืด, ืืืื ืฉืืืื ื ืืงืื ืืช ืดืืืื ืืืฉืคืืืืด.
ืืืืืจ ืืขื ืื, ืขืืื ื ืืืขืช ืื ืืืขืื ืื ื ืืืื ืช ืืืจืืืช ืดืืืืด ืืฆืื ืืืืงืื. ืื ื ืกืืืจืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืื ืฉืืฉ ืื ืืขื ืืืื ืืชืจ ืขื ืืืขืื ืืืื ืืืืืข ืืืื ืืืฉืืชื ืืคืื, ืืืชื ืื ืขื ืคื ืืืืื ืื ืจืืื ืืขืื ืื ืื ืืื ืื ืืืืฉืืืื, ืืื ืฉืืืกืืฃ ืืืื ืืืขืช ืืืืืข ืืืขืืืช ืืืืจืืืืช ืืจื ืืืกืืฃ ืืฉืืื ืืช ืืขืืช ืดืืืืืจืด ืฉืื. ืื ืืืืช ืื ืืขืืช, ืืืืช ืืื ืฉืืืื ื ืืจื ืืฉืืืืืช ืฉืืื ืืืขืื ืืื ื, ืืื ืืืขืืืช ืืืฉืืืืืช ืฉืฉืืื ืืืืืข ืืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืื, ืืืฉ”ื ืืืืจืื ืฉืืื ืชืืจื ืืขืฆืื, ืืื ืื ืฉืืกืจ ืื ืืฉืืืืืช ืืจื ืื ืืคื ื ืฉืืืจืข ืืงืืงื ืืืืจืืืช ืืืื.
ืืื ืฉื ืชื ืื ื ืืงื”ื ืืช “ืืืื ืืืฉืคืืื”, ืื ืจืง ืืืืื ืืืืชื ืืื ืืืงื ืขืืื ื ืืขืฆืืช ืืืืจืืื ืืืื ืืืืืช ืืืืืืข ืืฉืืืืช ืืืื, ืืืื ืืื ืฆืจืื ืืืืืข ืืขืฆืื.
ืืจื ืืืฉืืื ืืื”ืฆ ืจืื ืืืืงืื ืืืื ืฉืืืื ืืฆืืง”ื
ืืืจื ืืืืื
Finkel, Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Nosson Tzvi ztโl
ืื ืืฉืืืขืืช ืฉื ืจ’ ื ืชื ืฆืื
ืืจื”ื ืจืื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืืฉื ืืื ืฉื ืื ืขื ืืจื ืจืืฉ ืืืฉืืื ืืืืื ืจืื ื ืชื ืฆืื ืคืื ืงื ืืฆืืง”ื ืืกืืจ ืฉืืืฉื.
ืฉื ื ืืืช ืืคื ื ืื ืืฉืืืขืืช, ืืืงืฉ ืืื ื ืืจื ืจื”ื ืืฆืืง”ื ืฉืืืื ืืืืื ืืืชื ืืืื ืื ืืฉืืืขืืช ืืื ืืืืจืช ืืืืฆืื ืื”ื.
ืืืื ืื ืืฉืืืขืืช ืืื ืขื ืจืืื ื ืืืฉื ืื ืืืืื. ืืืืฆืื ืืื ืืืฉืจ ืืคืง ืืืืช ืจืืื ื, ืคืชืื ืืจืื ืืช ืืืชืคืืื ืืืื ืืจืืืชื, ืืื ืื ืืืื ื ืืช ืืืื ืช ืืืื ืืืืฆืื ืื”ื. ืจ’ ืืืืื ืืืืื ืกืืคืจ ืื ืฉืจืืื ื ืืืงืฉ ืฉืืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืืืื. ืืืื ืืจืื ืืช ืืชืคืืื, ืฉืื ืืขืจื ืื ืืฉืืืขืืช ืืืฉื ืื ืืืื ืื ืืื ืจืืื ื ืืืฉืื, ืืืืืจื: “ืืื ืืคืฉืจ ืืืฉืื ืืขืจื ืื ืืชื ืชืืจืชืื ื”. ืืืื ืฉืืืขืืช ืขืฆืื ืืื ืืื ืื ืืฉืจืื ืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืฉื ืืืืื. ืืืืื ืื”ื ืขืฆืื ืื ืื ืื ืืื ืืืฉืื, ืืืืืจื: “ืืื ืฉืืื ืืืฉืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืฉื ืงืืืช ืืชืืจื”. ื”ื ืืคืืืช ืขืืฉืื, ืืืืฆืื ืืื ืืื, ืกืืจื ืืจืื ืืช ืฉืืื ืืืฉืื.
ืื ืืืื ืฉืจืืชื ืฉืืืืขื ืข”ืค ืืงืฉืช ืืจื ืจื”ื, ืืื ืืกื ืืจืื ืืช ืืช ืจ’ ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืืืืืขื ืืจื”ื ืขื ืืืื. ืืื ืืฉืฉืืข ืืจื ืืฆ”ื ืฉืืืืจืืชื ืืืืข, ืืชืืืฉื ืืืืื. ืืืื ืืืืช ืชืฉืืฉืืชื ืืจืื ื ืจืื ืืขืืืจ ืืื ืืงืืช.
ื ืืชื ืืื ืืจืืืช ืืืืฉ ืืช ืืืืื ืืขืื ืืชืืจื ืืงื’ ืืืช ืืขืืช ืืืื ืืงืืืฉ ืืขืื ื ืจืืื ื, ืฉืืืจืืช ืชืฉืืฉืืชื ืืจืื ืขืื ืืชืืจื ืืงื’ ืขื ืืืืช ืืืืืืช ืืืฉ.
The Gift of Torah
Finkel, Harav Hagaon Gedalia Shlita
On the opening words of last weekโs parashah, ืึดื ืึผึฐืึปืงึผึนืชึทื ืชึผึตืึตืืึผ, Rashi famously comments: ืฉืชืืื ืขืืืื ืืชืืจื. All the brachos that the parashah says are in the zechus of talmud Torah are in the zechus of ameilus and yegiah in Torah.
Interestingly, the words in the passuk that refer to ameilus seem to indicate that it is chok: ืึดื ืึผึฐืึปืงึผึนืชึทื ืชึผึตืึตืืึผ. In what way is yegias haTorah a chok?
In answer to this question, Rav Chaim Volozhiner cites the famous Gemara in Megillah that says: ืืืขืชื ืืื ืืฆืืชื ืื ืชืืื ืืืขืชื ืืืฆืืชื ืชืืื. If you toil in Torah, youโll succeed. But the lashon of Chazal isืืืขืชื ืืืฆืืชื . You can have all the yegiah and ameilus, but whatever you achieve in your learning is a metziah, a gift from heaven.
This is surprising, because one would think that if a person toils to understand Torah, he earned the ability to understand it; after all, he worked at it. But the Gemara is telling us that the yegiah is not directly linked with the havanah. Itโs Hakadosh Baruch Hu granting you the havanah.
That is a chok.
Al pi teva, a person thinks that the more equipped he is in a sugya, and the bigger a baal kishron he is, the more heโs going to understand. Not so. All havanah and aliyah in Torah is a metziah from Hakadosh Baruch Hu. A chok.
This is a big lesson for all of us. When a person achieves success or gadlus in Torah, it can go to his head and he can become a baal gaavah: โLook, I made it big!โ In truth, however, all success in learning is a metziah.
The sefarim say that the ruchniyus of Torah is so elevated that itโs actually not possible for us to comprehend it and connect with it. Itโs all a gift from Shomayim. So when one is successful in learning, how careful he has to be not to become arrogant about his success!
The Chovos Halevavos writes that the worst gaavah is gaavah that comes from hatzlachah in avodas Hashem. Of course, you can feel good about your success, but without becoming a baal gaavah. Specifically with regard to hatzlachah in Torah, gaavah is entirely inappropriate, because itโs all a metziah. In the merit of your yegia, Hashem will give you the metziah, but the bottom line is that itโs entirely min haShomayim. As the passuk says, ืึทื ืึดืชึฐืึทืึผึตื ืึธืึธื ืึผึฐืึธืึฐืึธืชืึน.
A Pure Receptacle
Parenthetically, on the subject of aliyah baTorah, itโs worth noting the severity of eating maachalos asuros, which cause timtum halev. With all the yegiah, and with all the siyatta dโShmaya, a person still has to be a worthy receptacle to understand Torah.
A father once brought his son to Rav Chaim Kanievsky and said that the boy, who was in the upper grades of cheder, was having a hard time with his learning, even though he was a baal kishron. Rav Chaim asked the father if, somewhere over the years, the boy had perhaps eaten maachalos asuros.
The fatherโs initial reaction was, โNo way,โ but then he thought about it, and he said that once, they had been at a wedding and they had found out afterwards that the food was treif.
Rav Chaim said that thatโs why the boy is not grasping whatโs heโs learning. Maachalos asuros cause timtum halev,and Torah just canโt go in.
He advised the boy to fast one day to atone for the timtuv halev.
In any event, if Kabbalas HaTorah and all of our achievement in Torah is a metziah, a matanah from Hakadosh Baruch Hu, we have to make sure that our receptacle is kadosh vโtahor, and how careful we have to be to avoid anything that would prevent Torah from being absorbed into our pnimiyus.
***
Regarding ameilus baTorah, we say:ืื ื ืขืืืื ืืื ืขืืืื ืื ื ืขืืืื ืืืงืืืื ืฉืืจ ืื ืขืืืื ืืืื ื ืืงืืืื ืฉืืจ. All the schar of Torah comes in the merit of our ameilus. Itโs true that if one toils to understand Torah, he eventually arrives at the correct pshat or gets to the depth of the sugya, but itโs not our achievement that counts, itโs our yegiah.
Yegiah baTorah doesnโt necessarily have to involve great difficulty. It is said that Rav Moshe Feinstein once took a chair and climbed onto it to get a sefer from a high shelf, and a bochur went over to him and said, โRebbi, let me help you get the sefer.โ Rav Moshe responded that this, too, is considered ameilus baTorah.
Even small things like that are included in ameilus baTorah. So when you decide to take a sefer and learn, donโt look for a comfortable lounge chair in an air-conditioned room with a Coke at your side. Yegias haTorah happens specifically in surroundings that are not the most comfortable, and through yegiah, youโll achieve metziah. You donโt have to look for difficulties, but if difficulties present themselves, that shouldnโt be a deterrent to your learning and yegiah.
The Chochomโs Way of Learning
The Ohr Hachaim gives a different explanation for why ameilus baTorah is a chok. He says itโs the concept of chazarah. Naturally, one would think that if you learn something a couple of times and you understand it, why should you have to review it?
I remember that as a child, I couldnโt understand the need for review. Once you understood the class, you understood it. What a mistake! You can understand a lot, but without review, it goes in one ear and out the other. Through chazarah, Hashem helps you to retain what youโve learned. Chazarah is the key to hatzlachah โ and thatโs a chok.
On the passuk in Mishlei: ืึตื ืึธืึธื ืึดืืึดืื ืึน ืึฐืึตื ืึผึฐืกึดืื ืึดืฉืึฐืึนืืืึน, the Chasam Sofer explains that a chacham takes his right hand and turns the pages of his sefer from right to left โ which means heโs going backwards and doing chazarah. The fool, on the other hand, only uses his left hand to turn the pages from left to right, moving ahead. But constantly learning new material is not the path to hatzlachah โ the path to hatzlachah is doing chazarah.
The Gemara in Brachos discusses the apparent contradiction between the passuk: ืึทืฉืึฐืจึตื ืึธืึธื ืึฐืคึทืึตื ืชึผึธืึดืื and the passuk: ืคึผึธืึฒืืึผ ืึฐืฆึดืึผืึนื ืึทืึผึธืึดืื. One passuk praises a person who is afraid, while the other person calls a frightened person a chotei. Explains the Gemara, it depends what the person is afraid of. If a person is fearful about matters of Torah, he is praiseworthy. If he is fearful about mundane affairs, thatโs a cheit.
Tosafos (Gittin 55b) explains what it means to be fearful about matters of Torah: it means to be fearful that you havenโt reviewed enough. Fortunate is he who is worried that he hasnโt chazzered enough, because thatโs where success comes from.
In addition, when you chazzer, you understand what youโre learning better. Each chazarah gives you a deeper understanding and greater retention.
Furthermore, it is important that each and every one of us should try to know a section of Torah by heart โ a masechta or at least a perek of mishnayos โ so that we are equipped to think in learning even when we find ourselves without a sefer. So often, time is wasted, such as when youโre sitting and waiting for an appointment at the dentist, or youโre at a bus stop waiting for the bus. If you could chazzer something by heart during that time, you could achieve hours and hours of learning.
Rav Elyashiv said once that if a person has a tendency to doze off when he learns, he should learn something beโal peh, because a person doesnโt fall asleep in middle of talking. So itโs very important to master a certain section of learning that you can always have in your back pocket.
Make Sure it Matters
We have to remember, as well, that ืึดื ืึนื ืึฐืจึดืืชึดื ืืึนืึธื ืึธืึธืึฐืึธื ืึปืงึผืึนืช ืฉืึธืึทืึดื ืึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึนื ืฉืึธืึฐืชึผึดื โ if there wouldnโt be Torah study day and night, the universe could not exist. If, Rachmana litzlan, a person ever criticizes a ben Torah and asks, โWhat are you doing for the community?โ you just quote this passuk. The entire briah exists in the zechus of Talmud Torah, and there is no greater chessed one can do for mankind than to learn Torah. Whether a lot or a little โ half an hour, twenty minutes โ thatโs the zchus habriah.
As a youngster of about ten or twelve, I visited Eretz Yisrael and walked into the home of Rav Leizer Yudel ztโl. At the time there was a gathering of rabbanim in his house, and I remember Rav Chaim Shmuelevitz standing up and yelling in learning, his face red as a beet. Rav Leizer Yudel, Rav Chaimโs father-in-law, was sitting beside him with a big smile on his face, shepping nachas from the rischa dโOraysa.
I was scared out of my wits. Coming from Chicago, I had never seen a sight like this in my life: this sight of on one hand, ื ืขืฉื ืืืืืืื ืื ืืช ืื, and on the other hand, the mesikus haTorah that Rav Leizer Yudel experienced upon hearing his son-in-law completely immersed in learning. It was a portrayal of how we to be totally immersed in our learning, that it should really matter to us.
Finally, letโs remember what the Bach says in hilchos birchos haTorah: that when we say ืืฉืจ ืืืจ ืื ื in birchos haTorah, we should remember maamad Har Sinai and think for a moment how much hakaras hatov we have to Hakadosh Baruch Hu for separating us from all the nations, choosing us as His nation, and giving us the Torah.
After all, thatโs the whole purpose of Creation: ืืจืืฉืืช ืืจื ืืืงืื , bishvil reishis, bishvil bikkurim โ which are the symbol of hakaras hatov.
Gut Yom Tov.
ืืื ื ืืืชื ืชืืจื
Chodosh, Maran Hamashgiach Hagaon Harav Aaron ztโl
ืื ืื ื ืืฆืืืื ืืกืคืืจ ืืช ืืืืื ืืงืจืืช ืืชื ืชืืจื, ืืจ”ื ืฉืืื ืคืกืืื ืืชื, ืื”ื, ืืจืื ืืืคืจืฉืื ืืกืืืืื ืืกืคืืจืช ืืขืืืจ ืืืื ืืื ืืื ื ืืื ืืืจืื ื ืืขืืื ืืืจ ืืืงืืฉ, ืืืืืื ืื ืืืจื ืืฉืขื ืฉืืืจ ืืื ืืฉื ืืืฉืจืื ืืืฆืจืื “ืชืขืืื ืืช ืืืืืงืื ืขื ืืืจ ืืื” ืืืจื ืืฉืจืื ืืืฉื ืจืืื ื, ืืืืชื ืขืืืื ืื, ืืืจ ืืื ืืกืืฃ ืืืืฉืื ืืื, ืืืื ืืื ืื ืื ืืื ืืขืฆืื ืืช ืืืืื ืืืื ืงืืขื ืืืืื ืืืืืช ืืื ืื ืืช ืกืคืืจืช ืืขืืืจ ืืืื ืืื, ืืืฉืืื ืืืืฉืื ืืื ืืฉืืืช ืืชืืจื ืืื ืฉืื ื ืืฉืจืื ืืืืชื ืืื, ืืื ืืจืื”ื ืืชื ืืคืจืง ื’ ืื’ ืชืืืืื ืืืืกืคืื ืฉืืฆืื ืื ืฉื ืกืคืืจืช ืืขืืืจ ืืืืืช ืขื ืื ืืืฉ ืืฉืจืื ืืื ืืงืื ืืืื ืืื, ืืืฉืืข ืื ืืกืืืจื ืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืกืคืืจื ืืืืืจืืืชื, ืขื”ื.
ืืืื ืื ืืชื ืืืฆืื ืฉ”ื ืืฉืจืฉื ืืืฆืื ืขื ืฆื ืืคืฉื, ืืคื ืฉืขืืงืจื ืฉื ืืฉืจืื ืืื ื ืืื ืืชืืจื ืืืคื ื ืืชืืจื ื ืืจืื ืฉืืื ืืืจืฅ ืืืฉ”ื “ืื ืื ืืจืืชื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืงืืช ืฉืืื ืืืจืฅ ืื ืฉืืชื”, ืืืื ืขืืงืจ ืืกืืื ืฉื ืืืื ืืืฆืื ืืืฆืจืื ืืื ืฉืืงืืื ืืช ืืชืืจื ืืกืื ื ืืื’, ืืืคื ื ืื ื ืฆืืืืื ื ืืกืคืืจ ืืืืจืช ืืคืกื ืขื ืืื ืืชื ืชืืจื ืืืจืืืช ืื ืคืฉื ื ืืช ืืืคืฅ ืืืืื ืื ืืืื ืื ืืื ืืื’.
ืืชืื ืืืืจืฉ ืจืื ืืืงืจื ืขื ืืคืกืืง “ืืืืืชื ืืช ืขืืืจ ืืื” ืืื ืืื ืืืชืื “ืื ืืชืจืื ืืืื ืืื ืขืืื” ืืืืื ื ืฉืืื ืขืื ืฉืืื ืขืื ืืขืื”ื ืฉืืืจืข ืืงืืฆืจ ืืื ืืื ืืชืจืื, ืจืง ืืืฆืื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืช ืขืืืจ ืืชื ืืคื ืืื ืืืชืจืื ืืื ืืขืื, ืจ’ ืืฉืืขืื ืืจ ื ืืื ื ืืืืจ ืืงืฉื ืืื ืื ืกืคืจ ืงืืืช ืืื’ ืืืจื ืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืฆืจืื ืืืืจ ืื ืืชืจืื ืืืื ืืื’ ืืืื ืืฃ ืืขืืื ืฉื ืชืืจื ืืฉืืข, ืืืจื ืืืืจื ืืืื ืืืจ ืืื ืขืื ืืฉืชืง ืืืื ื ืืืืจืื ืืฃ ืขืื ืฉื ืชืืจื, ืืื ืืื ื ืืืืจ ืืื ืืื ืขืืื ืฉื ืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ื ืืืขืื ืืื ืขืื ืฉื ืชืืจื ืืืขืื, ืืืจ ืจ’ ืืื ืื ืื ืฉืืืจืืืช ืืืืืื ืืชืืจื ืืืฆืืืช ืืืขืฉืื ืืืืื ืืขืื”ื ืืื ืฉืืงื”ื ืืืจืื ืืื ืืช ืืฉืืฉ.
ืืืืจืฉ ืจืื ืืืงืจื ื”ื “ืืืงืืชื ืืื ืืืื ืืจืืฉืื”, ืืื’ ืืืชื ืืื ืืฉืืื, ืืืืื ืืืืจืฉ ืืื ืืฉืืืืื, ืจ’ ืืื ืืจ ืืื ื ืคืชื “ืงืื ืืืกืจื ืืื ืืกืฃ” ย ืฉืืื ืฆืจืื ืืงืืช ืืขืฆืื ืืืกืจ ืืื ืื ืืืคืฉ ืืกืฃ.
ืืชืื ืื ืืื ืืฉืขืืื “ืืื ืชืฉืงืื ืืกืฃ ืืื ืืื” ืืื ืืชื ืฉืืงืืื ืืกืฃ ืืคื ื ืขืฉืื, ืืืืืจ โ ืืื ืืชื ืฉืืงืืื ืื ืืชื ืื ืืกืฃ ืืขืฉืื, ืืฉืื “ืื ืืื” ืขื ืฉืื ืฉืืขืชื ืืืืื ืฉื ืชืืจื, “ืืืืืขืื ืืื ืืฉืืขื” ืืื ืืชื ืืืขืื ืืืืืืช ืืขืืื ืฉืืขืื, ืขื ืฉืื ืฉืืขืชื ืืืื ื ืฉื ืชืืจื, ื ืืืจ ืืื ืฉืืชืืจื ืื ืืื ืืืื.
ืขืื ืืืืจืฉ ืจืื ืืืงืจื ื”ื ื’ “ืื ืชืืืื ืื ืืืจืฅ ืื ืืขืชื ืื ืขืฅ ืืืื”, ืจ’ ืืืืื ืืจ ืกืืืื ืคืชื “ืืืจื ื’ ืืืืงืืื ืชืืื” ืืื ืืคืฉืจ ืืืฉืจ ืืื ืืืืื ืืืจ ืืงื”ื ืืื’, ืืื ืืชืืืืช ืืจืืืชื ืฉื ืขืืื ืื ื ืชืขืกืง ืืงื”ื ืืื ืืืืข ืชืืืื, ืืืชืื “ืืืืข ื’ ืืืืงืื ืื ืืขืื”, ืืฃ ืืชื ืฉื ืื ืกืื ืืืจืฅ ืื ืชืชืขืกืงื ืืื ืืืืข ืชืืืื, ืืื ืืื ืืืชืื ืื ืชืืืื ืื ืืืจืฅ.
ืขืื ืฉื ื”ื ื’ “ืืื ืชืืื ืื ืืืจืฅ ืื ืืขืชื ืื ืขืฅ ืืืื”, ืืื ืืื ืืืชืื “ืขืฅ ืืืื ืืื ืืืืืืงืื ืื” ืื ืืชืื ืืื, ืฉืื ืขืื ืืชืืจื ื ืงืจื ื ืืืขื, ืื ืืืขื ืื ืฆืจืืืื ืื ืืืข ืืฉืืืื ืืืจืฅ ืืื ื ืืืขืช ืขืฅ ืืืื. ืชืืืืื ืืืืื ืื ื ืืืขืื ืขืฅ ืืืื ืืืืืืงืื ืื.
ืืชืื ืืคืกืืง “ืื ืชืงืจื ืื ืื ืืื ืืื ืื” ืืืื ืฉืช”ื ื ืงืจืืื ืื ืืื. ืื ืื ืืื ืืืจ ืืืื ืืื ืืฉ ืขืื ืืืื ื ืฉื ืช”ื ืฉืืื ื ืืืข ืืืจ ืฉืฆืืื ืืืืื ืคืืจืืช, ืืืื ืืืื ืขืืื ื ืืข ืืชืืืื ื, ืื ืืืืืช ืฉื ืชืืจื, ืืข”ื ืืืืจืื ืื”ื “ืื ื ืื ืชืงื ืืืจื ืืืฆืืืชื ืชืฆืคืื ืืืชื” ืื ืืฉ ืื ืืืืช ืงื ืืืจื ืืืจ ืืงื”ื ืืืฉื ืืืืจ ืืืฉืจืื ืื ื, ืขืืกืงื ืืชืืจื ืืืื ืืชื ืืชืืืจืืื ืืฉืื ืืืื.
ืืืจ ืจืืื ื ืื ื ืืฉื ืืื ืืขืืืจื ืฉืืฉ ืื ืืืื ืืืชื ืืืื ืฉืืื, ืื ืืขืฉื ืืืืื, ืื ืืื ืืืื ืืงืจืื ืืฃ ืืื ืงืืจื ืฉื ื ืืคืื ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืงืจืื ืคืจืง ืืื ืืงืจื ืฉื ื ืคืจืงืื, ืืื ืฉืื ื ืืืืจืื ืฉืืชืืจื ืืืื ื ืืืฆืืื.
ืืคื ื ืืชื ืชืืจื ื ืืืจ ืืค’ ืืชืจื “ืืขืชื ืื ืฉืืืข ืชืฉืืขื ืืงืืื ืืฉืืจืชื ืืจืืชื ืืืืืชื ืื ืกืืืื ืืื ืืขืืื ืืื”. ืืืืจ ืจืฉ”ื “ืืขืชื”, ืื ืขืชื ืชืงืืื ืขืืืื ืืขืจื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืื, ืฉืื ืืชืืืืช ืงืฉืืช, ืืืื ืืื ืขื ืืฉืจืื ืงืื ืขื ืขืฆืื ื ืขืฉื ืื ืฉืืข, ืืืื ืจืืืื ืฉืืื ืชืืื ืืงืืื, ืฉืื ืืืื ืืงืื ืขื ืขืฆืื ืื ืืืชืืื ืืืชืจ ืงืื.
ืืืื ืืืืงืื ืชืจื”ื ืคืกืืง ืืื ืืื ืืฉืขืืื ื”ื “ืื ืืชื ืืืื, ืืคืขืืื ืืืคืข, ืชืืขืื ืืืืจ ืืื” ืื – ืืืช, ืืชื – ืืืืืื, ืืืื – ืืื ืืืืื ืฉืื ืืืื ืื ืืื, “ืืคืขืืื ืืืคืข” – ืืืจ ืจ’ ืืื ืื ืคืขืืืืช ืืืืืช ืฉืขืชืื ืืงื”ื ืืขืฉืืช ืืืฉืจืื ืืื ื ืืื ืืฉืืื ืคืขืื ืืืช ืฉืคืขื ืืคื ืื ืืืจ ืกืื ื ืืืืจื “ืื ืืฉืจ ืืืจ ื’ ื ืขืฉื ืื ืฉืืข”.
ืืืฉืืจ ืฉืืืจื ื ืขืฉื ืื ืฉืืข, ืืื ืฉืืืจื ืืืช ืืคื ื ืืื ืืขืื, ืืขืืช ืืงืืื ืขืืื ืืื ืฉืืงื”ื ืืืจ ืืช ืืฉืืจ ืืงืจืื, ืืื ืฉื ืืืจ “ืชืืขืื ืืืืจ ืืื” ืืงืจืื.
ืืชืื “ืฉืืจ ืื ืืืฉ ืื ืืืืื” ืืืจื ืื”ื, ืืื ืฉืืจ ื ืืื, ืขืื ื ืืื, ืืื ืฉืืงืจืื ืื ืจืฆื ืืืชืื ืืืืืืจ ืืช ืืื ืืขืื.
ืืืชื ืชืืจื ืืฉ ืขืื ืชื ืื “ืืืื ืฉื ืืฉืจืื ืื ืื ืืืจ” ืืืืฉ ืืื ืืื ืืื, ืืืืื ืืื ืื ืื ื ืืชืืืืื ืื ืขื ืคืืืจืช ืชืืืืื ืจ’ ืขืงืืื ืฉืื ื ืืื ืืืื ืื ืืื, ืื ืืชืืืขื ืขืืืื ืื ืื ื ืื ืืืืขืื ืืืืืง, ืืื ืื ืื ื ืืืืขืื ืื ืื ืฆืจืื ืืืืืช, ืขื ื ืื ืืืืืื ื ืืืจ ืฉื ืขื ืฉื ืขื ืฉืื ืฉืืื ืขืฆื ืื ืืื ืคื’ ืฉืื ืืขืจืืื ืืื ืืช ืืฉื ื ืืื ืืืชืืืขืฅ ืืืชื.
ืืื’ ืืกื ืืืจืื ื”ื. ื ืืืจ ืืืืจืื “ืืืงื ืืช ืฉื ื ืืืงืืืช ืืืื ืงืจืืชื ื ืขื ืืืืื ืงืจืืชื ืืืืืื” “ื ืขื” – ืืื ืช”ื ืฉืื”ื ืฉืื ืขืืืื ืื ืืื ืืืืื, “ืืืืืื” – ืืื ืช”ื ืฉืืืื ืฉืืืืืื ืื ืืื ืืืืื. “ืืืืืจ ืืื ืืื ืฉื ื ืื ื ืืืฆืืจ ืืขืืืืื ืืื” ืืฉื ืื ืืืชืื ืขืืื” “ืืฆืืจ” – ืืืจ ืจ’ ืืฆืืง ืืื ืช”ื ืฉืื”ื ืฉื ืืืื ืืืฉืื ืื ืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืฉืื ืืืช, “ืืฉื ืื ืืืชืื ืขืืื” – ืืื ืช”ื ืฉืืืื ืฉืืจืืจืื ืื ืืื ืืืืื. ื ืืืจ ืืื ืฉืช”ื ืฆืจืืืื ืืืืืช ืืื ืืฉื ื ืื ืขืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืฉืื ืื ืื ืืื.
ืืชืื ืืืืงืื ืชืจืก”ื “ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืืืงืช ืื” ืืื ืืื ืืืชืื “ืืฉืจื ืืฉืืื ืื ืื” ืืืจ ืจ’ ืืื ื ืืฉืจื ื ืืชื ืื ื ืืืจ ืืื ืืฉืจื ืืฉืืื ืฉืฆืจืื ืืืฉืืื ืืืืืื ืื ืืขื ื ืฆืจืื, ืืข”ื ื ืืืจ “ืจืฉ ืืืืฉ ืชืืืื ื ืคืืฉื ืืืืจ ืขืื ื ืฉื ืืื ื”, ืืืชืื “ืขืฉืืจ ืืจืฉ ื ืคืืฉื ืขืืฉื ืืืื ื”, ืคื’ ืืืฉ ืจืฉ ืขื ื ืืชืืจื ืืืืจ ืืืืฉ ืชืืืื, ืืื ืฉืืื ืกืืจ ืืื ืื ืฉื ื ืกืืจืื, ืืฉื ืื ื ืคืจืง ืืื, ืืืื ืืืชื ืืืฉื ืื, “ืืืืจ ืฉื ืืื ื” ืืงื ื ืขืื”ื ืืขืื”ื, ืืื ืขืฉืืจ ืืชืืจื ืืจืฉ ืืชืืจื ื ืคืืฉื ืืืืจ ืขื ื ืืขืฉืืจ ืืฉื ืื ื, ืืืืจ ืืชื ืืืื ืืืืืืชื ืืืจืืืช ืืื ื ืืืื ืืขืืงืฆืื ืื ืืืืืืชื ืืืื ืืจืื ืฉืื ืืื ืืฉื ืื, “ืขืืฉื ืืืื ื” ืื ืฉืขืฉื ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืขืฉืืช ืืื ืืืคืฉ ืืืช ืืืืคืฉ ืืขืฉื ืืื.
ืืงื”ื ืืืื ืืืชื ื ืืืชืืื ื ืืืชื ืชืืจื ืขื ืืงืืื ืื ืืื ื, ืฉื ืงืื ืขืืื ื ืืืกืคืืง ืืืืขืืช ืืฉ”ืก, ืืฉืชืืจืชืื ื ืชืืื ืงืืข ืืืืืืชืื ื ืขืจืื, ืืฉื ืืื ืืืขืจืื ืืืืื ืืืืชืืืขืฅ ืขื ืืืืชืื ื, ืืื ืืืฉืืื ืืขืืืจ ืืืืจืื ื,ย ืืขื”ื ื ืืื ื”ืืฉืจื ืืฉืืื ืื ืื ืืืื ืจืขื ืืืืืื ื”, ื ืืืจ ืืื”ื ืฉืืชืืืืื ืืฉื ื ืขืฉืจืื ืืฉื ืื “ืืฉืจื”, ืืจืง ืืื ื ืืืจ ืฉืืจื “ืฉืืืื ืจืขื ืืืืืื ื”, ืืืืื ื ืืืื ืืืื ืื.
ืชืืืืื, ืืืืื ืืืืื, ืืื ืืจืื ืืฉืืืชืื ื ืืง’ ืืื ืืชืื ืื ื, ืืืื ื ืื ื ืืช ืืืืจืืช ืืืืื ืืข”ื, ืืจืืชื ืฉืืืื ืืืืื ืื ืฉืื, ืืฉื ืืื ืืฉืืืข ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืืงืืื ืืช ืื ืืืจื ืชืืืื ืชืืจืชื ืืืืื, ืืฉื ืืื ืืืืืื ืงืจืืื ืืืืจื ืืืืื ื ืืื.