ืืืจื ืจืืืชืื ื
Finkel, Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Eliezer Yehuda ztโl
“ืืืืข ืืื ื ืืืขืช ืฉ”ืก!”
ืืจื ืจืืฉ ืืืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืจื ืืืืขืืจ ืืืืื ืคืื ืงื ืืฆืืื”ื ืกืืคืจ ืคืขื ืืขืฉื ืฉืืื ื ืืื ืืช ืืืฉืืืื ืฉื ืืืืื ืืฉืจืื ืขื ืฉืงืืขืืช ืืชืืจื ืืืืืขืชื.
ืื ืืืคืืข ืืืขืฉื ืืืงืืื ืืกืคืจ “ืืืื ืืืฉืคื” ืืืืืื ืืฆืืืง ืจืื ืืืกืฃ ืืื ืื ืืืื ืจ ืืฆืืง”ื ืจืื ืฉื ืืืืฉืืฉืืง:
ืืืจืืดื ืคืื ืงื ืกืืคืจ, ืื ืืืืืชื ืื ืฉืืข ืขืฉืจื ืฉื ื ืืขืจื ืืื ืืื ืงืฆืจ ืืจืืืื. ืืืืงืจ ืืฆื ืืืืื ืืืืืจ [ืืืืื ืจืื ืืืกืฃ ืืื ืื ืืืื ืจ] ืืืืืฉืืฉืืง (ืืกืืืื ืืจืืืื) ืืื ืขื ืืืื ืฉืืื ืืืฉืืื ืืขืืจ. ืืฉื ืื ืกื ืืืืชื ืฉื ืืืืื ืจืื ืืืกืฃ ืืื ืื ืืืื ืจ ืืฆืืืื ืจืืื ืขื ืืืจื, ืขื ื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืืืืื ื ืืฉืืช ืืืื ืืืคืกืืง ืืืืืืื ืืืืื ืืืจืื ืจืืฉื ืืืกืคืจ.
ืืืืจ ืืืืื ืืจืืื ืขื ื ืืืืจ ืืืื ืขื ืืืืื ืจืื ืืืืขืืจ ืืืืื ืคืื ืงื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืจืืืื ืืืืืข ืฉืดืก. ืืฉืืขื ืฉืืืืจื ืืฆืขืืจ ืืืืข ืฉืดืก, ืืจืื ืืืืื ืจืื ืืืกืฃ ืืื ืื ืืืื ืจ ืืช ืขืื ืื ืืืกืคืจ, ืืกืชืื ืขื ืืืืจื ืืฉืื: ืื ืืื ืืื? ืืืฉืืฉืื ืฉืืื ืื ืฉืืข ืขืฉืจื, ืขื ื ืืืืจ: ืื ืื โ ืืื ืจืืืชื, ืืื ืืืจ ืืืืข ืืื ื ืืืขืช ืฉืดืก!
ืืืจื ืืืืื
Shmulevitz, Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Sar haTorah Hagaon Harav Chaim ztโl
ืืคืื ืืืืช ืืืชืจ ืืืงืฉ
ืืจื ืจืืฉ ืืืฉืืื ืฉื”ืช ืืืืื ืืจื ืืืื ืฉืืืืืืืฅ ืืฆืืื”ื ืกืืคืจ ืืืชืื ืช ืืชื ืืฉืืืฉืืช ืืช ืืกืืคืืจ ืืื:
“ื ืงืจืืชื ืืืฉืืจื ืืืคื ืืช ืืฉื ืืื. ืืืขืชื ืื ืื ืจืืฆืื ืืืขืช, ืืื ืืืื 350 ืืืืจืื ืฉืืื ื ืขืืืืื…?! ืืืื ืืืขื, ืืืงืืื ืืฉืืืฉืืช, ืืืืืฉืช ืืืคื ืืช, ืื ืืืืจืื ืืืื! ืคืื ืืืืช ื ืคื ืขืื ืืฉืขืืืชื ืืฉื.
ืืืืชื ืืชืคืืืชื ืื: ืจืืฉ”ืข, ืื ืืชื ืืืืจ ืื ืืงืจืื, ืื ื ืืืื ืืฉืืื. ืืื ืื ืืืืืจ ืืฉื ืื ืื ื ืืืงืฉ ืืื ืฉืืืฉื ืืืจืื. ืืืืชื ืื ืืืืืช ืืืงืฉ, ืืฉื ืืจื ื ืืฆื ืืคืื ืืืืช, ืืฉืืจ ืื ืืืชืจ ืื ืืืงืฉ, ืืืงืฉืชื ืฉืืืฉื ืืืจืื:
ื. ืจืืฉ”ืข, ืื ื ืืืงืฉ ืืื ืฉืืืฉืจ ืืืื ืืฆืืช ืื ืืืืื ื ืคื, ืฉืชืคืืืจ ืืืชื ืื ืืขืื ืืืกืคื ืฉื ืืืฉืืื.
ื. ืจืืฉ”ืข, ืื ื ืืืงืฉ ืืื ืฉืืืื ืืืฉืื ืืช ืื ืืชืื ืืชืืืืื ืืืืื.
ื. ืจืืฉ”ืข, ืื ื ืืืงืฉ ืืื ืฉืืืื ืืืื ืื ืื ืชืืืืื ืืืืื.
ืืช ืืชืคืืื ืืืืช ืืชืคืืืชื… ืืช ืื ืืืืจืชื ืขื ืืงื”ื ืืฉืขืืืชื ืืฉื. ืื ืืื ืื ืื ืืฆื ืืื ืคืื ืืืืช… ืขื ืคืื ืืืืช ืืืชืจ ืืืื ืืืงืฉ.
ืื ืฉืงืจื ืฉื ืืืขืื ืืื ื ืืืื ืืกืคืจ… ืืื ืืืจืชื ืืฉื…
ืฉืชื ืชืคืืืืช ืืชืงืืืื ืืืจ, ืืขืื ืืืกืคืื ืื ื ืคืืืจ ืืืชื ืืฉืืืฉืืช ื ืืฉืืช ืืชืืืื ืืื… ืื ืืชืคืืื ืืฉืืืฉืืช ืขืื ืชืชืงืืื ืืข”ื…
ืืชืื ‘ืื ืืื’
ืืฉืืืื ืืืื
Shpitzer, Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shlita
ืืืืฉ
ืืืื ืืืื ืืงื ื
ืจืฉ”ื ืค’ ืืืืฉ ืืืชืื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืืืงื ืืืื ืืฆืืง, ืืืชื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืชืจ ืืืืื ืืงื ื, ืืืงืืจื ืื”ืจ ืฆ”ื ื’ ืืจ’ ืืืื ื. ืืืฉืืข ืขื”ืค ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืงื ื ืื”ื ืจื”ื ืจ”ื ื”ื.
ืืข’ ืคืจืืก”ื ืฉื ืืฉื ืฉื ืืจืื ืื”ื ื’ ืฉืืขืืจ ืื ืืื ืืชื ืืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืืื, ืืืืืช ื”ื ืจืข”ื ืกื’ ืก”ื ืืฉื ืืืืช ืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืืจืื ืืชื ืืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืืื, (ืืืขื”ื ืืชื ืืชืฉืืื ืืืืื ืงืข”ื ืืืขืื ืฉืืฉืชื, ืืืฉืื ืืคืืื ืืืจืชื ืืื ืื), ืืื ืืื ืื ืคืฉืืืช ืืจื”ื.
ืืข’ ืืืืช ื”ื ืืืืฉ”ืก ืฉื. ืืืื’ ืืืฆื ืกืชืืจื ืืจืฉ”ื, ืืื ืืขืืจ ืืืจืฆ”ื ืืืืืช ืฉื.
ืืืชืื ืืืืฉื ืืคื ืจืข”ื ืืจืง ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืงื ื.
(ืืข’ ืจืฉ”ื ืกืืื ื”ื ืืืฉืืข ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืงื ื ืื”ื ืืืงืื ืืืืื ืชืืจื, ืืืืื ื”ืฉ ืืคื ืจืฉ”ื ืื ”ื ืืืืืจื ืืืืื).
ืืืืืื ืืืงืื ืืกืขื ืชืฉืค”ื ืืกืืคื ืืคื ืฉื ืืืจ ืืื ืืช ืืืื, ืืืืืช ืจืขื ื ืฉื ืืืช ื”ื ืืขืืจ ืืืื’ ืืืืืจ ืืงืื ืืจืืืชื ืื ืขื ืื ืื ื. ืืข’ ืืืช ืจืขื ื ืืืงืืจื ืฉืืชื ืืืืื ืืจืฉืื ื ืืช ืืจืืืช. ืืขื”ืค ืืฉืืข ืฉืืื ืืฆืื ืื”ืช.
ืืืขืืงืจ ืืืื ืืงื ื ืข’ ืฉื”ื ื’ ืงื”ื ืืืื ื ืืื ืืฉืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืื, ืื ”ื ืืืช ืืืื. ืืข’ ืืืืื ื ืืฉ”ืก ืงืืืฉืื ื”ื ืฉืืืื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืจืื ืฉื ืจืื, ืืข’ ืฉ”ื ืจื”ื ื’.
ืืข’ ื”ื ืจ”ื ื”ื ืืืืื ืืงื ื, ืืจืืื ืืืชืื, ื”ื ื”ื, ืืืงื ืืืจืื ืืืื, ืืข”ืฉ ืืืขื ืืืจื ืืืืื ืื ืืฉืื ื’ ืฉืืชืคืื ืืืื, ืืขืื ืื ืืงื ื ืืืื ืืืืื ืชืืจื, ืืขืื ืื ืืจื ืืจืขื ืืืืื ืฉืืื ืื ืื ืื. ืืื ืฉืืชื ืืื ืืงื ื ืฉืืชืฃ, ืืืื ืืคื”ื ื”ืฉ ืื ืฉืืชื ืืจื”ื ืืจืฉ”ื ืืืืื ืงืืื ืืืงื ื, ืื ืืงื ื ืืื ืคืืืช ืฉืืชืฃ.
ืืื ืืืจ”ื ื ืงื ืืฉืื ืื ื ืื ืื ืืื ืื, ืืืื ืืืืฉื ืืจื”ื ืืื ืฉืืง’ ืืกืืื ื”ื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืื, ืืชื’ ืขืค”ื ื”ืจ ืฆ”ื ื’ ืืื ื ืื ืื ืืื ืื ืืื ืื ื ืื ืืช ืืื ื ืืื ืื. ืื ืืฆื ืืืืจืฉ ืืฉืืืชื ืืืืฉื ืืืืจืฉ ืฉื. (ืืืืืจืื ืืื’ ืขืืืฃ ืืงืจื ืื ื ืืืจ ืืื ืืืื ืืืงืจื ืืืจ ืืื ืืื, ืืื ืืขื ืื ืืืื ืืกื ืืงืืืช). (ืืืืืจื ื”ืจ ืื ”ื ืืฉ ืืืขืืจ ืืืืืืช ืก”ื ืข”ื ืฉืืืื ืื ื ืื ืื ืืื ืื ืืืืชืื ืื ื ืืืืจ, ืืข”ืฉ ืืงืื ืขื ืื ื ืื ืืช).
(ืืืขืืงืจ ืกืืจืช ืืืจ”ื ืืืืง ืืื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืืช, ืืื’ ืขืื”ื ืื ืืคื ืืืืช ืื ืืืื ืืชื ืืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืื ืืงื ื, ืืื ืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืืืช ืื ื ืืื ืฉืืื ืคืืืจื ืืืืจื).
(ืืืขืืงืจ ืืื ืื ื ืื ืื ืืื ืืืช, ืข’ ืืขืื ืืืืจ”ื. ืืข’ ืจืฉ”ื ืื”ื ื’ ื”ื ื”ื ืื ืงืจื ืืืืฉื ืืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืฉื ืืฃ ืฉืืื ืืงื ื, ืื”ื ืืก’ ืื”ื ื ืงืจื ืืืฉื ืืฉืื ืืืืื ืฉื ืืื ืฉืื ืืืฉืืืช ืื ืืืืชื ืื. ืืืฉืืข ืขื”ืค ืืืคืขืืื ืื ืืืช ื ืจืืฉ ืืื ืืืฉ).
ืืข’ ืฉื”ื ืืคืื”ืฉ ื’ ื”ื ืืฉื ืจ’ ืืืื ืค’ ืืืฆื ืขื”ืค ืืืขื ืืื ืืืืืจ ืื ืืขืงื ืืื ืืช ืื ืืชื, ืืืชื ืืฉื ืจ”ื ืฉืืื ืืื ืืื, ืื ืืื ืืืช ืื ืฉืืื ืื ื ืื ืื ืืื ืื. ืืขืื ืืขืืจื ืืืืื ืก”ื ืฉืคืืจืฉื ืืื ื ืืื ืืืืืจ ืืื’ ืืืช ืื ืื ืื ืืืข, ืืงืื ืขื ืื ืืืช.
(ืืืขืืงืจ ืื ืืืืืง ืืืจ”ื ืืื ืื ื ืื ืื ืืื ื ืื ืืช, ืืฉ ืืขืืื ืืงืืืฉืื ื’ ืข”ื ืืขื ืื ืืจืข ืืื ืื, ืืืจืข ืืจืขื ื”ืฆ ืงืจื ืื ืื ื ืื ืื ืืจื ืื ืืื ืื).
ืืข’ ืืจืืืช ืืืฉืจ ืืืืื ืื ืืฉื ืชื ื ืื”ื ืคื”ื ืื ื ื ืงืจื ืฆืืืง ืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืฉื”ื ืื ืืืืจืืช ืืคื ืื.
ืืข’ ืคืจืงื ืืจ”ื ื”ื ืื ื ืื ืื ืืื ืื ืืื ืฉืืืจ ืืคืจืื ืืื ืฉื ืืจืืืื ืืฉืืขืื ืืืื ืื.
ืชืืงืื ืืขืืื ืฉื ืคืื ืืืืืื ืฉื ืืืื
Levovitz, Moreinu Hagaon Harav Nachman Shlita
ืื ื ืงืจืื ื ืืคืจืฉืืืช ืฉื ืืจืืืช ืืขืืื ืขื ืืืืช ืืฆืืง, ืคืขืืืื ืขืฉืจื ืืืจืืช. ืืื ืื ืืจืืื ืืืชืืื ื ืื ืืชืืจื ืืงืื’ ืชืืืขืช ืืืืชื ื ืืกืืคืืจ ืืืขืฉืื, ืืืื ืฉืืืืข ืืฉ”ื ืืจืื”ื (ืืจืืฉืืช ื”ื, ื’) ืื”ื ืืืืจ ืื ืืื ืชืืื ืืืชื ืืื ืืคืจืฉืืืช ืืืืืช ืืขื ืื ืืืจืื ืืฆืืง ืืืขืงื, ืืืื ืขื ืื ืืืื ืืืืืจืืื ืจืืืชืื ื ืืืจื ืงืฆืจื ืืืืจื (ืชื ืืืื ื’) ืื ืื ืฉืืืจืข ืืืืืช ืกืืื ืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืจืืื ืืืชืืืื ืืกืืคืืจ ืืืกืขืืช ืืืคืืจืช ืืืืจืืช ืืฉืืจ ืืืงืจืื, ืืืืฉืื ืืืืฉื ืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืืจืื ืืืืชืจืื ืืื ืืื ืชืืขืืช, ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืขื ืืขืชืื ืื ืืืฉืจ ืืืื ืืืงืจื ืื ืืื ืืฉืืืฉืช ืืืืืช ืืชืืื ื ืืื ื ืืืืจ ืื ืืืจ ืืืจืขื.
ืืงื”ื ืืจื ืืช ืืขืืื ืืฉืฉืช ืืื ืืืขืฉื, ืื ืืืจ ื ืืจื ืืืืงื ืืืื ืืืื. ืืืกื ืืืจืื ืื. ืืืืืจ ืืื’ ืฉืืืื ื ืืจื ืืืืจืื ืืื ืฉืืืื ืืืงืื ืขืืื ืืืฉืื ืขืื”ืฉ. ืืืขืชื ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืขืืื ืฉื ืืจื ืืขืืืจื – ืืฉืืืื ื ืืจื ืืขืืื. ืืชืืืืช ืืื ืืฉืจืช ืืช ืืืื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืื. ืืืืืื ืฉืืื ืืขืืื ืืืื ืืืจ ืืืืชืจ, ืืงื”ื ืืจื ืืช ืืขืืื ืืืืืงื ืื, ืืืื ืืื ืืก ืืช ืืืื.
ืืื ื ืืืืข ืืฆื ืฉืืงื”ื ืื ืืืืจืื ืืช ืืขืืื. ืืืจืฉ”ื (ืืจืืฉืืช ื’, ื’) ืขื”ืค “ืืื ืื ื’ ืื ืขืฉื ืืช ืืืื ืืืชืขืฆื ืื ืืื” ืคืืจืฉ ืืื ืื ื ืืคืื ืืืฉืืชื ืฉื ืืงืื ืืืืืช ืจืืืื ืืืืืช ืืืื ืขืื ืืืืฉืื ืืคื ืื ืื ืืขืฉืืช ืืืื ืฉืขืฉื ืืืจืฅ, ืืืชืขืฆื ืื ืืื ื ืชืืื ืขื ืืขืฉื ืืืื. ืืืืื ื ืฉืืืื ืฉืืขืืื ื ืืจื ืืขืืืจ ืืืื, ื”ื ืืื ืฉืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืช ืชืคืงืืื ืืืื ืืช ืงืืืื ืืืช ืงืืื ืืขืืื ืฉื ืืจื ืืขืืืจื. ืืืื ืืืืืื ืืงืืงื ืืช ืืขืืื ืืืื ืืืืจื ืืงื”ื ืืืืจืื ืืช ืืขืืื ืฉืืจื ืฉืื ืืื ืืขืื ืืชืืืืช ืืืจืืืช ืืขืืื.
ืืื ืฉื ื ืืฆื ืื, ืืื ืืจื ืืืฆืื ืืช ืืขืืื ืืขืืืจ ื ื. ืืืจืฉ”ื (ืืจืืฉืืช ื’, ื”ื) ืืืืืจ ืฉืจืง ืืื ื ื ื ืืชืืจ ืืฉืจ ืืืืื, ืืื ืืืื ืืจืืฉืื ืื ืืชืืจ ืืงื”ื ืืืืืช ืืจืื ืืืืืื ืืฉืจ, ืืจืง ืืืจ ืฉืืฆืืื ื ื ืืื ืืืชืจ ืืืืืชื ืืืื, ืืืืื ื ืฉืืืืช ืืขืืื ืฉื ื ื ืืื ืขืืื ืืืจ ืืขืืืื ืฉื ืืื ืืจืืฉืื, ืืืืืจ ืฉืืขืืื ืฉื ืชืงืืื ืืืืช ื ื ืืฉ ืื ืืืฉืืื ืืืจืื, ืืืื ืืขืืื ืืฉ ืืืชืจ ืืืืืืช ืืขืื ืืืื, ืืื ืืขืืื ืฉื ืืื ืืจืืฉืื ืืชื’ (ืฉื) ื ืชืชื ืืื ืขืฉื ืืื’ ืืืช ืื ืืขืฅ ืืฉืจ ืื ืคืจื ืขืฅ, ืืืื ืืฆืืืืช ืืืจืช.
ืืืจ ืืืืื ืืืจ ืืื ื ืืขืืื ืฉื ืืจื ืืฉืจืช ืืช ืืื ืืจืืฉืื, ืืืืืื ืืืืจ ืืืืื ืคืืื ืืงืืงืื ืืช ืืขืืื, ืืื ื ืงืืืื ื ืืฆื ืืืืืชื ืฉื ื ื, ืืื ืขืืืื ืืฉ ืื ืืืืื ืืืืจืื ืืืจืื ืืืขืืื ืฉื ืืจืืืช ืืขืืื, ืืขืืืื ืฉื ืืื.
ืืขืืื ื ืืจื ืืฉืจืช ืืช ืืืื, ืชืืืืชื ืฉื ืืขืืื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืืชืงืจื ืื ืืฉื”ืช ืืืงืืื ืืฆืืืชืื, ืืื ืฉืืื ื ืืงืืื ืืืื ืชืคืงืืื ืขื ืืจืื ืฉืคืืื ืืขืืื, ืืืจ ืืื ื ืื ืื ืงื ืืืงืืื, ืืืื ืฉืื ืืฆืืืืชื ืืชืืืืชื ืืขืืืจ ืืืื ืืฉืืืืืชื.
ืืืฆืื ื ืืืจ ืคืื ืืกืคืืจื ื ืขื”ืค ืขืื ืื ืืื ืืืจืฅ ืืจืข ืืงืฆืืจ ืืงืืจ ืืืื ืืงืืฅ ืืืืจืฃ ืืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืฉืืืชื (ืืจืืฉืืช ื’, ื”ื) ืื”ื ืื ืืฉืืืชื ืืืืชืืื ืขื ืืืชื ืืืืคื ืืืชื ืืืขื ืฉืืืืืชื ืืื ืืืจ ืืืืื, ืืื ืฉืืื ืืฉืืฉ ืขื ืืืื ื ืืื ืืงื ืืฉืื ืืืื, ืืื ืืืืชื ืชืืื ืกืืืช ืืฉืชื ืืช ืื ืืื ืืืื ืื, ืื ืงืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืฉืืฉ ืชืืื ืืงื ืืฉืื ืืืื, ืืืื ืืื ืื ืชืืื ืขืช ืืืืื, ืืื ืืื ืชืืงืื ืืืื ืืืกืืืืช ืืฆืืืื ืืืืข”ื ืืืืืจื ืืืืื, ืืืืจ ืฉืืืื ืื ืื ืืื ืืืจืฅ, ืขื ืืฉืจ ืืชืงื ืื-ื ืืชืืจื ืืช ืืงืืงืื ืฉื ืขืฉื ืื ืืืืื, ืืืืจื ืืืจืฅ ืืืืฉื ืืฉืจ ืื ื ืขืืฉื (ืืฉืขืื ืก”ื ื”ื) ืื ืื ืืฉืื ืืืื ืืฉืืฉ ืื ืืงื ืืฉืื ืืืื ืืืื, ืืืืื ืชืืงืื ืืืื ืืืกืืืืช ืืืฆืืืื ืืืืข”ื ืืืืืจื ืืืืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืงืืื ืืืืื, ืขื”ืฉ.
ืืืืืจ ืฉืืืื ืืจืืืช ืืขืืื ื ืืจื ืืืืคื ื ืขืื ืืืืฉืื ืืขืืืจ ืืฉืจืช ืืช ืืืื, ืืื ืฉืืืืืื ืืืืจ ืืืืื ืืจืื ืืืฉืคืืขื ืืงืืงืื ืืขืืื, ืืืื ื ืฉื ืชืงืืื ืืขืืืจ ื ื ืฉืืฆื ืื ืืขืื ื ื’ ืืื ืขืืืื ืืจืืื ืขืืื ืืงืืืงืืื.
ืื ืืืจืืื ืืืื ืชืืืืชื ืืขื ืื ื ืืืืื ืฉืืื, ืฉืืืื ืืชืงืจื ืื ืืฉื”ืช ืืืฉืืืจ ืชืืจืชื ืืืฆืืืชืื, ืื ืืืฆืืืืช ืืืจืืื “ืืืืืืข ืืื ื ืืื ืืืืจืืชืื ืืืืื ืืืจ ืืืืืชื”, ืืืืฉืจ ืืืื ืืืื ืืงืืื ืชืคืงืืื ื ืืชื ืืื ืงืืื ืืขืืื ืืชืืงื ืืืืฉืื.
ืืืืจ ืืืืขืื ืืืจื ืืืกืืืช ืืฉืจืื (ืคืจืง ื’) ืฉืืขืืื ื ืืจื ืืฉืืืืฉ ืืืื, ืืื ื ืื ื ืืื ืขืืื ืืฉืืงืื ืืืื ืื ืื ืืืื ื ืืฉื ืืืจ ืืขืืื ืืืชืจืืง ืืืืจืื ืื ื ืืื ืืชืงืืงื ืืืงืืงื ืืขืืื ืขืื. ืืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืขืฆืื ืื ืืืง ืืืืจืื ืืืฉืชืืฉ ืื ืืขืืื ืจืง ืืืืืช ืื ืืกืืืข ืืขืืืืช ืืืจืื ืืื ืืชืขืื ืืืขืืื ืืชืขืื ืขืื. ืืืืกืืฃ ืืืืจืื ืื ืื ื ืขืืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืจืืืช ืืืื ืืืืืชื ืืฉืืฉื ืืืื ืืฉืื ืืืงืืืฉ ืืงืืืฉืชื ืืช’, ืขื”ืฉ.
ืืื ื ืืชืืืจ ืืืืจื (ืืชืืืืชื) ืืขืืื ืชืคืงืื ืืืื ืืขืืืื, ืื”ื ืืืื ืจืืื ืฉืืชืืื ืืงืื ื ืืื ืืืื ืืกืื ืืฆืืจื ืืขืืืื ื ืฆืื ืืืืืช, ืฉืืืื ืืืืื ืืืืคื ืืื ืืคืขืืืืช ืืจื ืืื ืืืืื ืืฆืืจื ืืืืืจื ืขืืื ืฆืืจื ื ืื ืืืขืฉืื ืืขืืจืื, ืฉืืจื ืขืืงืจ ืืฆืื ืืืืืืช ืื ืคืขืืืืชืื ืืื ืืืขืื ืื ืืืืชื ืืฆืืจื ืืขืืืื ื ืืืืช ืชืื ืืช ืืืจืื ืืืคืขืืืืช ืื ืืืื ืืงืื ื. ืืคืืื ืจืืื ืฉืืชืืื ืื ืคืขืืืืช ืืืชืจ ืฉืื ื”ื ืืืืืช ืฉื ืจืืืื ืขืืืื ืืช ืืื’, ืขืื”ืฉ.
ืืืืืืื ืืขืืงืจ ืืื ืฉืืกืื ืืืืชื ืฉื ืืืื ืืืชืืื ืืช ืขืฆืื ืืืขืืื ืฉืืจื ืืงื”ื. ืืขืืื ืืืจืืืชื ืืื ืื ืื ืงื ืืื ืืื ืื ืงืืงืื ืืื, ืืืืื ืืืืชื ืขืืื ืืื ืจืืื ืืื ืื ืืื’, ืืื ืฉืืืืจ ืืืืื ืงืืงืื ืืช ืืืืืืช ืฉืืขืืื ืขื ืฉืื ืืื ืงืืื ืืืขืืื ืืืื ื ื ืฉืืฆื ืื ืืขืื ื ื’, ืืืื ืื ื ืืื ืืฉืจืื ืืืืื ื ืืืืืืจ ืืช ืืขืืื ืข”ื ืืขืฉืื ื ืืืฆืื ืฉืืชืืืื, ืฉืืื ืขืืื ืืชืืงื ืืืฉืืื, ืืืื ืชืคืงืืื ื ืืขืืื.
ืขื ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืงืืงื ืืช ืืขืืื, ืืฆืื ื ืืจืื”ื ืขื”ืค ืื ืชืชื ืฉืืื ืืืจืฅ ืืฉืืืชื ืืืื ืืืจืื ืืืฉืืชื ืืื ืื ืืืจืฅ (ืืืงืจื ืื, ื) ืฉืืืื ืืขืช ืจืื ืืืืื ืฉืืืจ ืืขืืืจืื ืื ืืขืืื ืืืื ืืคืฉืืื ืฉืื ืืืื ืืืืช ืจืขืืช ืืืจืฆื ืื ืืืืืช ืืฉืืืข ืืืจืืืช ืืืืื ืืืืืช ืืขืจืื ืืืืืช ืืื ืื ืชืืื ื ืืืืช ืืืฉืื. ืืื ืืขืช ืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืฉืืฉืืืชื ืฉืื ืืืืงื. ืืืชื ืืจืื”ื ืฉืืื ืื ืืื ืื ืชืืื ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจืื ืืขืช ืงืืื ืืืฆืืืช ืืืฉืจ ืืื ืืขืืื ืืชืืืืชื ืงืืื ืืืื ืฉื ืืื ืืจืืฉืื ืืื ืืื ืืจืืฉ ืืืืช ืืื, ืืืื ืฉืืืจื (ืืจืืืช ืื.) ืืื ืขืจืื ืืืืช ืืื ืืื ืืืืช ืืื’, ืื ืื ืืื ืืืจืฃ ืืืืืช ืืจืขืืช, ืจืง ืืคื ื ืืืื ืฉื ืืื ืื ื ืืืจ ืขืืื ืืืืืช ืืจืฃ ืืฉืื ืืื ืืืืฉื ืืืจืฃ ืืืข ืืื ืื ืืืจืืฃ ืื ืืช ืื, ืืืืืข ืื ืืืจืคื ืืืื ืคืขื ืืืช ืืืกืืคื ืืืืืช ืจืขืื ืืืชืจ.
ืืืืกืืฃ ืืืืจืื ืืื ื ืืืจืืืชื ืฉื ืขืืื ื ืืืจ ืืืืืช ืฉื ืชื ืืื ืืขืฉื ืืืืื ืืืืชืื ืืืื ืืืช ืืืจืฅ ืืืื ืขืืฃ ืืฉืืื ืืืื ืจืืืฉ ืขื ืืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ืื ื ืคืฉ ืืื ืืช ืื ืืจืง ืขืฉื ืืืืื ืืืืจ ืืืชืื ืืืื ืื ืื ืืื ืืืข ืืฉืจ ืืืฉื ืืื ืืขื ืืื’ ืืืืืืช ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจืื ืขื ืืฉืืืืช ืชืฉืืช ืจืขืช ืื ืืื ืืืขืืื ืขื ืืืืข ืืจืืฉืื ืืฉืจ ืืืฉื ืืื ืืชืืืืช ืืฆืืจืชื, ืขื”ืฉ.
ืืืืื ื ืข”ื ืฉื ืชืืืจ ืฉืืขืืื ื ืืจื ืืืืคื ืืชืืงื ืืืืฉืื, ืืืืืช ืืืื ืจืง ืขืฉื ืืฉืื, ืืจืง ืืืืื ืืืื ื ืชืงืืงื ืืืขื ืืืจืืฃ ืื ื ืืื, ืืืื ืืืฉืจ ืชืืื ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจืื ืขื ืืฉืืืืช ืืืืจื ืืืืข ืืจืืฉืื ืืชืืืืช ืืฆืืจืชื.
ืืงื”ื ืืจื ืืช ืืขืืื ืืฉืจืช ืืืฉืืฉ ืืช ืืืื, ืืืื ืฉืืืื ืืืื ืชืคืงืืื ืงืืื ืืชืืจื ืืืืฆืืืช, ืื ื ืืฆื ืฉืื ืืฆืืืืช ืืืจืืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืช’ ืืื ืื ืืืื ืืงืืงื ืืช ืืขืฉืื ืฉืื ืืื ืืืืช ืงืืื ืืืขืืื ืืืื ืืืืจ ืืืืื. ืื”ื ืืื ืืขืฉืื ื ืืชืงื ืืช ืืขืืื ืื ื”ื ืืงืืงื ืืช ืืขืืื.
ืืืืื ืฉื ืืื ืืจืืฉืื ืฉืืืจ ืื ืืงื”ื ืืืืขืช ืืคื ืชืืื ืืื, ืื”ื ืขืื ืฉ ืืื ืงืืงืื ืืืจืืื. ืืื ืืขืชืื ืืื ืืืฉืจ ืืขืืื ืืืื ืืชืืงื ืืืืฉืื ืืื ืืชืืืืช ืืฆืืจืชื ืื ืืงืฉื ืืืืื ืคืจื ืกืชื. ืืืืืช ืืืฉืจ ืืงืืืืื ืื ื ืืชืืจื ืืืืฆืืืช ืืืจ ื ืืืจ ืืคืจืฉืช ืืืืงืืชื ืืืฉืื ืืื ืืืฉ ืืช ืืืฆืืจ ืืื’, ืืืืื ื ืืื ืฉื ืชืืืจ ืฉืื ืื ื ืขืืืื ืืชืืจื ืืชืงื ืื ืื ื ืืช ืืขืืื ืฉื ืคืื ืืืืช ืืืื, ืื”ื ืฉืืจ ืจืง ืขื ืงืืื ืืชืืจื, ืืื ืฉืืืฉืจ ืืืื ื ืงื ืืืืืื ืืื ืืชืงื ืืื ืืช ืืฆื ืืืจืืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืงืืื ืืืื, ืืื ืงืืื ืฉืคืข ืืขืืื ืืืืข.
ืืื ื ืืืืจ ืืืืื ืืฆืื ื ืฉืื ื ืืชื ืืื ื ืืื ืขื ืืืื, ืขืืืง ืืชืืืขื ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืืืจื, ืืข”ื ื ืืื ืืืืช ืืงืืื ืืขืืื ืืืื ืฉื ื ืืฆื ืื ืืขืื ื ื’. ืื”ื ืชืคืงืื ืืืื ืืขืืื ืืืืช ืืืืื ืืขืืืจ ืชืืงืื ืืขืืื ืฉื ืคืื.
ืืงืืืง ืืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืืืจื ืืฆืื ื ืืืืจ ืฉื ืืืจ ืืชืขื ื ืฉืจื ืืชืืจื ืืคื ืื (ืืจืืฉืืช ื”ื ื’) ืืืืืื ืฉืืื ืืืืืื ืืคืฉืืื ืฉืฉืจื ืขืื ืชื ืืช ืืืจ ื”ื, ืืื ืฉืืืืจื ืืืขืืืื ืืืชื ืขื ืืืจื ืืื ืฉืืืชื ื ืืงืงืช ืืงืื ืืืจืื, ืืืขืค”ื ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืชืืืขื ืืืงืืช ืืืืื ืืคื ืืืืืชื ืฉื ืฉืจื ืขื ืืื ืฉืืืชืื ืืขืื ืืชืขื ื ืฉืจื. ืืืจืื”ื ืฉื ืืชื ืื”ื ืืืื ืืื ื ืืขืื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืืจืื ืืื ืืื ืืขืฉืืช ืื, ืืฉืืข ื’ ืื ืขื ืื ืื ืชื ืื ืื ืฉืืื ืคืจื ืืื ืืขื ืืช ืืจืข ืืืจืื ืืฉืจื ืืื ืืื ื ืขืื ืื, ืขื”ื.
ืืจื ืืืืืจ ืืืืจ ืืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืืืจื, ืฉืืข”ืค ืฉืืืืื ืฉืจื ืขืฉืชื ืื ืฉืืืืืืืช ืืขืฉืืช, ืขืืืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืกืจืื ืื ืงืืืช ืืืืื, ื”ื ืืื ืฉืืืืืช ืืืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืืืจื ืืืืจ ื ืืฉื ืืคื ืืจืืชื ืฉื ืฉืจื ืืื ื ืืชืขื ื ืฉืจื. ืขื ืืื ืฉืืฉ ืื ืืืฉืืขืื ืขื ืืืื ืืขื ืืช ืืช ืืฉืจืื, ืืืื ื ืืืข ืืืืชื ืขืื ืื ืฉื ืืืจ.
ืขื ืืื ื ืชืืข ืืืื ืืืืช ืืืืื ืืฆืื ื ืืืชื’ “ืื ืืืื ื ืืืชืื ืื ืชืขื ืื” (ืฉืืืช ื”ื, ื”ื) ืืืจืฉ”ื ืฉื ืืชื ืืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืื ืฉืืืืจ ืืืชืื ืืืืื ืืื’. ืืืืืืืชื ืฉื (ืืืช ืง”ืค) ืืืชื ืฉืจืื ืืฉืืขืื ืืืจ ืืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืฉืื ืืืข ืขื ืื ื ืืจื, ืืืจ ืื ืืืืื ืื ืืื ืืฆืื ืืืื ืื ืืฉืืื ืืขืืืชื ืขื ืฉืชืื ืฉืืชื ืืืกื ืื ืืขื ืกื ืืื ืื ืขืืืฃ ืืืืชื, ืืืชืืจื ืืืจื ืื ืขื ื ืชืขื ื ืืื ืขืื ืื ืืจืืื ืืื ืขืื ืื ืืืขื, ื”ื ืจืื ืฉืืขืื ื ืืืืชื ื ืจืื, ืข”ื.
ื ืืฆื ืขื ืืื ืฆืจืื ืืืื ืืืืืืจ ืืืงืืืง ืืขืฉืื ืฉืื ืืืจืื ืืคืืื ืฆืขืจ ืื ืืื ืืืืืชื. ืืืฉ ืืื ืชืืงืฃ ืืืื ืืชืืงืื ืืขืืื ืื ื”ื ืืงืืงืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืืืจ ืืืืื.
โซโชParshaโฌโฌ โซโชPreview
Friedman, Harav Hagaon Moshe Ahron Shlita
Only on the Tenth of the Tenth
Parashas Vayigash/Asarah bโTeves
Harav Hagaon Moshe Aharon Friedman shlita
The passuk in Zechariah (8:19) says:ืฆืึนื ืึธืจึฐืึดืืขึดื ืึฐืฆืึนื ืึทืึฒืึดืืฉืึดื ืึฐืฆืึนื ืึทืฉึผืึฐืึดืืขึดื ืึฐืฆืึนื ืึธืขึฒืฉืึดืืจึดื ืึดืึฐืึถื ืึฐืึตืืช ืึฐืืึผืึธื ืึฐืฉืึธืฉืืึนื ืึผืึฐืฉืึดืึฐืึธื ืึผืึฐืึนืขึฒืึดืื ืืึนืึดืื ืึฐืึธืึฑืึถืช ืึฐืึทืฉึผืึธืืึนื ืึฑืึธืืึผ. The fasts referred to here are Shivah Asar bโTammuz (the fast of the fourth month), Tisha b’Av (the fast of the fifth month), Tzom Gedaliah (the fast of the seventh month), and the fast of the tenth month. This is the source, midivrei kabbalah, for these four fasts. At the time when the Beis Hamikdash stood these were days of sasson vโsimchah, but now these are days of fasting.
The fast of the tenth month, Teves, is the subject of a discussion and a machlokes in the Gemara. The Shulchan Aruch (580) actually states that there are four days of fasting in Teves: the fifth, eighth, ninth and tenth days of that month. The eighth day of Teves is the day when Talmai Hamelech decreed that the Torah be translated to Greek, which brought three days of darkness into the world โ the eighth, ninth, and tenth days of Teves. The ninth day of Teves, the Tur and Shulchan Aruch say, we donโt know what the fast is about.
The Magen Avraham and Taz are puzzled by this, as they note that the Selichos state explicitly that Ezra Hasofer passed away on the ninth of Teves. Yet the explanation is simple: The Ashkenazi Selichos state that Ezra Hasofer passed away on the ninth of Teves, but the Sefardi Selichos say that he passed away on the tenth of Teves. Therefore, the mechaber, leshitaso, says that we donโt know why itโs a fast day.
The tenth day of Teves was the day of the siege on Yerushalayim. Two years later, on the fifth of Teves, was the yom hashemuah โ the day when the news of the churban came. So these are the fasts that we have in Teves.
Of course, the main fast is on the tenth of Teves. The Tur and the Beis Yosef note that Asarah bโTeves is the only fast day that we observe even on Friday, which is the case this year. The Avudraham states that even if Asarah bโTeves would fall on Shabbos (which doesnโt happen in our calendar), we would fast on Shabbos. Why is that?
There is actually another source for the fast of Asarah bโTeves:ืึทืึฐืึดื ืึฐืึทืจ ื’ ืึตืึทื ืึผึทืฉึผืึธื ึธื ืึทืชึผึฐืฉืึดืืขึดืืช ืึผึทืึนืึถืฉื ืึธืขึฒืฉืึดืืจึดื ืึผึถืขึธืฉืืึนืจ ืึทืึนืึถืฉื ืึตืืึนืจ ืึผึถื ืึธืึธื ืึผึฐืชึธื ืึฐืึธ ืึถืช ืฉืึตื ืึทืึผืึนื ืึถืช ืขึถืฆึถื ืึทืึผืึนื ืึทืึผึถื ืกึธืึทืึฐ ืึถืึถืึฐ ืึผึธืึถื ืึถื ืึฐืจืึผืฉืึธืึทึดื ืึผึฐืขึถืฆึถื ืึทืึผืึนื ืึทืึผึถื (Yechezkel 24:1-2).
The Minchas Chinuch and others explain that the other fasts are a function of the month: Shivah Asar bโTammuz doesnโt necessarily have to be on the seventeenth of Tammuz, the main thing is that it has to be in the fourth month. Similarly, Tishah b’Av doesnโt have to be on the ninth day of Av; both Shivah Asar bโTammuz and Tishah b’Av can be postponed if they fall on Shabbos. Tzom Gedaliah is always postponed, as Gedaliah was assassinated on Rosh Hashanah, and the fast is observed on the third of Tishrei.
Asarah bโTeves is different. While the passuk in Zechariah relates it to the tenth month, the passuk in Yechezkel designates the tenth day of the tenth month specifically and stresses, twice, that itโs ืึผึฐืขึถืฆึถื ืึทืึผืึนื ืึทืึผึถื]. But why must Asarah bโTeves be on the tenth of Teves only?
Why This Specific Day?
The Chasam Sofer explains that there are 98 days from Rosh Hashanah until Asarah bโTeves, corresponding to the 98 curses of the Tochachah. Therefore, it is a day of puraniyus.
He adds something fascinating: We know that the months of Kislev and Teves can be either both malei, both chaser, or one malei and one chaser. Depending on the year, then, the 98th day after Rosh Hashanah can fall on either the eighth, the ninth, or the tenth day of Teves. This, he says, is alluded to in the three mentions of ืึผึฐืขึถืฆึถื ืึทืึผืึนื ืึทืึผึถื in the passuk in Yechezkel. If both months are chaser, then the 98th day after Rosh Hashanah is the tenth of Teves. If one is malei and one is chaser, then the 98th day is the ninth of Teves, and if both are malei then the 98th day is the eighth of Teves.
But thereโs more to it than that. The Chasam Sofer notes that Yaakov Avinu passed away on Succos, on 15 Tishrei, and then there were 70 days of chanatah, which continued until 25 Kislev. That was followed by seven days of aveilus, and for the next six days his family traveled and buried him in Chevron. According to that calculation, Yaakov Avinu was buried on Asarah bโTeves. Eisav, we know, was also killed on that same day, as Rivka Imeinu predicted: ืึธืึธื ืึถืฉืึฐืึผึทื ืึผึทื ืฉืึฐื ึตืืึถื ืืึนื ืึถืึธื.
Asarah bโTeves marks the start of the siege, and represents the very beginning of the process of the galus. The sefarim teach that mechiras Yosef happened on Asarah bโTeves as well. So the root of the entire process of galus, which began with Yosefโs descent to Mitzrayim, begins on Asarah bโTeves. Yet on the other hand, Asarah bโTeves holds the seeds and the potential of the geulah. Therefore, the very day of Asarah bโTeves โ ืขืืฆืืื ืฉื ืืื โ is significant, which explains why we would fast even if it would fall on Shabbos.
In this weekโs parashah, Yosef cries when he sees Binyamin:ืึทืึผึดืคึผึนื ืขึทื ืฆึทืึผึฐืืจึตื ืึดื ึฐืึธืึดื ืึธืึดืื ืึทืึผึตืึฐืึผึฐ . We know that this happened on Shabbos, as the Gemara says that the fact that Yosef prepared the seudah for his brothers proves that Yosef kept Shabbos. Normally, a person is not supposed to cry on Shabbos, but Yosef was crying over the churbanos, especially since he understood that his being sold to Mitzrayim had happened because of sinas chinam, and the churban, too, would be a result of sinas chinam. Accordingly, we, too, would also cry on this day, and Asarah bโTeves would be observed even on Shabbos if it fell on that day.
Many Rishonim disagree, however, and maintain that Asarah bโTeves would not be observed on Shabbos. The Rambam, in Hilchos Taanis, says explicitly all four fasts, even Asarah bโTeves, are postponed to the next day if they fall on Shabbos. Rashi (Megillah 5) is of the same opinion. The Ibn Ezra concurs, as is evident in a zemer he composed โ ืื ืืฉืืจื ืฉืืช โ in which one of the verses is: ืขื ืื ืืืชืขื ืืช ืื ืขื ืคื ื ืืื ืื ืืกืืจ ืืื ืืืื ืืืคืืจ ืขืืื ื. This expresses clearly that Yom Kippur is the only fast that is observed even on Shabbos โ not Asarah bโTeves.
What we are discussing, however, is an explanation of the Avudrahamโs opinion, recorded in the Beis Yosef.
The Ohr Somayach explains a Gemara (Eruvin 40) based on the Avudraham. The Gemara deliberates whether someone who accepted to fast a taanis yachid on a Friday is supposed to break his fast before Shabbos so as not to enter Shabbos hungry. The Ohr Somayach asks: Why does the Gemara pose this shailah only in regard to a taanis yachid and not in regard to a taanis tzibbur? He answers that since the only taanis tzibbur that falls on a Friday according to our luach is Asarah bโTeves, and according to the Avudraham we would fast on Shabbos if it would fall on Shabbos, thereโs no reason to say that we should break our fast before Shabbos.
Bโezer Hashem we should be zocheh that it should be transformed into ืึฐืฉืึธืฉืืึนื ืึผืึฐืฉืึดืึฐืึธื ืึผืึฐืึนืขึฒืึดืื ืืึนืึดืื, ืึฐืึธืึฑืึถืช ืึฐืึทืฉึผืึธืืึนื ืึฑืึธืืึผ.