BereishisVayeira

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•

Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Nachum Partzovitz, ztโ€l

ื•ืื ื›ื™ ืขืคืจ ื•ืืคืจ (ื™ื—,ื›ื–)
ื”ื’ืจื ”ืฆ ืคื™ื ืงืœ ืฉืœื™ื˜ืดื [ื–ืฆืดืœ] ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืกื‘ื [ืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™ ื”ื’ืจื”ื™ ืคื™ื ืงืœ] ื–ืฆืดืœ ืืžืจ ืœื• ื™ืžื™ื ืžื•ืขื˜ื™ื ืงื•ื“ื ืคื˜ื™ืจืชื•: ืดื•ืื ื›ื™ ืขืคืจ ื•ืืคืจืด, ืดื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื”ืด, ืดื•ืื ื›ื™ ืชื•ืœืขืช ื•ืœื ืื™ืฉืด, ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื” ืจ’ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื‘ืขืจ, ื•ืžืขื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืจืณ ื ื—ื•ื.

ื ืขืžื™ืง ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ, ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืจืง ื‘ืขื ื•ื”. ื”ืขื ื™ื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉืžื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืžืžื•ื ื• ื•ืขืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื•, ืžืžืฉ ืžื”ื ืขืœื‘ื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื ืขื•ืœื‘ื™ื. ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื•ื•ืชืจ, ืขืœ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืœื•. ื–ื” ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืœื• ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืดื– ื‘ืฉื•”ื. ื›ืžื” ื™ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื• ื‘ืกืคืจ, ืงืดื• ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืื—ืจ ื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืขืฆืžื• ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืฉืžืข ืžืžื ื•.

ื›ืฉืื“ื ืฉื•ืžืข ืื• ืจื•ืื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ืื ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืงืฆืช ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืดื– ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื•. ืืฆืœ ื”ื’ืจื‘”ื‘ ืจืื™ื ื• ื”ื”ื™ืคืš, ืœื ืจืง ืฉืจื•ื‘ ืชื•ืจืชื• ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืจืดื—, ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ื‘ืจื›”ืฉ (ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืกื™’ ื–) ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืจืื‘ืดื“ ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืงื“ืฉื™ ืœื—ืฆื™ื™, ื•ื›’ ื•ื”ื ื” ืกื‘ืจืช ื”ืจืื‘ืดื“ ืืžืจ ืœื™ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืื‘ืดื“ ื‘ืจื™ืกืง ืฉืœื™ื˜ืดื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ื“ื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื“ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืขื ื™ืŸ ืžืžื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ื ื ื™ ืœื‘ืืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ื ื—ืžื“ื™ื ื•ื›ื•’. ื•ื”ืืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืืจ ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื ื‘ื’ื“ืจื™ ืฉื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ, ื•ืœื ื ืชื‘ืจืจ ืœื™ ื›ืจืื•ื™ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื” ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ืงืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืจื™ืดื–. ืืขืคืดื› ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื›ืœ ื›ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืจื™ืดื–. ื•ืœื ืขื•ื“, ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›’ ืดื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืœื™ื˜ืดื ื•ืฉืคืชื™ื ื™ืฉืงืด. ื”ืคืงื™ืจ ืžืขืฆืžื• ื”ื›ืœ, ื”ื›ืœ ื ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ืจื™ืดื–.

ืžืขื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืืฆืœ ืจ’ ื ื—ื•ื, ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืื• ืื‘ืจืš ื•ืืžืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ืกืชื•ื ื•ื—ืชื•ื ื•ืžื’ื•ืžื’ื, ื•ืจ’ ื ื—ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœื• ื™ืคื” ืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ, ื›ื•ื•ื ืชืš ื›ืš ื•ื›ืš, ืขื“ ืฉืื™ืจืข ืฉื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื• ื•ืฉืืœ: ืจื’ืข, ืžื” ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ? ืจ’ ื ื—ื•ื ื ืชืŸ ืœื• ื”ื›ืœ. ืื‘ืจื›ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืดืช ืœืกื‘ื ื–ืฆืดืœ ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืื‘ืจืš ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืžื” ืœื•ืžืจ ื•ื‘ื ืœืจ’ ื ื—ื•ื ืขื ืงื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืฉืœ ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ, ืืžืจ ืœื• ืจ’ ื ื—ื•ื, ื›ืš ื•ื›ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ืš, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืŸ, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืฉื•ืช ื›ืš, ืขื“ ืฉื™ืฆื ืœืื•ืชื• ืื‘ืจืš ื—ื“ื•ืดืช ืฉืœื ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื›ื ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ื—ื™ื“ืฉื•. ื–ื• ืขื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ื”. ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื”, ื–ื”ื• ืดื•ืื ื›ื™ ืขืคืจ ื•ืืคืจืด.

ืžื•ืดืž ืงื‘ื•ืข ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืขื ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจืžืกืงื™ ื–ืฆืดืœ, ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืืžืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืขืฆืžื•, ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื™ื— ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืจื™ืดื. ื’ื ื›ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื• ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืขื ื™ืŸ, ื”ืฆื ื™ืข ืขืฆืžื• ืœื’ืžืจื™. ื›ืš ื’ื ืขื ืืืžื•ืดืจ ื–ืฆืดืœ, ืื—ืจ ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื ื›ื ืก ื•ื“ืŸ ืขืžื•, ืื•ืœื™ ื›ืš ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืš, ืืš ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ืจืื” ื”ืื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืขืฆืžื•. ื”ืฆื ื™ืข ืืช ืขื•ืœืžื• ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืœื’ืžืจื™.

ืœืžืขืฉื” ื™ื•ืฆื ืฉืœื ื”ื›ื™ืจื•ื”ื• ื›ืœืœ.

ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืกืคื“ ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืจืคืืœ ืฉืžื•ืืœื‘ื™ืฅ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื” ื‘ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ืช ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื ื—ื•ื ืคืจืฆื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื”

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื

Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Nachum Partzovitz, ztโ€l

ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื ื—ื•ื ืคืจืฆื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื”
ื™”ื— ื‘ืžืจื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืž”ื–
ืฉื— ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ื ืชืŸ ืฆื‘ื™ ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ: ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืžื” ื–ื›ื” ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื ื—ื•ื ืคืจืฆื•ื‘ื™ืฅ’ ื–ืฆื•ืงืณืณืœ ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจืชื• ื™ืชื‘ื“ืจื• ื‘ื‘ื™ ืžื“ืจืฉื, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื“ื ื™ื ืžื” ืืžืจ ‘ืจ’ ื ื—ื•ื’ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื–ื• ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืื—ืจืช?

ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื, ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื›ืžื” ืžืขืœื•ืช ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื•ื”ื• ืœื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš, ืื•ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืจืง ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ. ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืกื‘ืจื ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“, ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืœื ืฉืžื—ื”, ืžืœื ืฉืœื•ื•ื”. ื•ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืขืœื” ื–ื•, ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœ’ืชื•ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื ื—ื•ื’.

ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื™ื“ื•ืข ืขืœ ืžืจืŸ ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื ื–ื™ืขืณืณื ืฉื–ื›ื” ืฉื›ืœ ืกืคืจื™ื• ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื ื›ืกื™ ืฆืืŸ ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ื• ื”ื™ื• ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืœื•ื•ื” ื•ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื•ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื• ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉืงื˜ ื•ื‘ื ื—ืช.

ื‘ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ืืžืจ ืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ื ืชืŸ ืฆื‘ื™ ื–ืฆ”ืœ: ื™ื“ื•ืข ื•ืžืคื•ืจืกื ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืขืžืœ ื”ืขืฆื•ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ื ื—ื•ื ืคืจืฆื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ื–ืฆื•ืงืณืณืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”. ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืฉืžืจืŸ ื”ื’ืจื™ืณืณื– ืžื‘ืจื™ืกืง ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ ื™ืขืฅ ืœื• ืฉืœื ื™ืฉื”ื” ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืœื ื™ืคืจื™ืขื•ื”ื• ื‘ืฉืืœื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ื™ืžื ืขื• ื‘ืขื“ื• ืžืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืณืณืก, ืืš ืžืจืŸ ืจื”ืณืณื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื ื—ื•ื ืœื ืฉืžืข ืœืขืฆืชื• ื•ื ืฉืืจ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ, ืชื•ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชืืžืฅ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืฉืืœื•ืชื™ื•.

ืœื™ืžื™ื, ืืžืจ ืžืจืŸ ื”ื’ืจ”ืค ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื–ื›ื” ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจืชื• ืžืชื‘ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ ืžื“ืจืฉื ื‘ื›ืœ ืืชืจ ื•ืืชืจ, ื”ื•ื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉื ืฉืืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื•ื”ืชืืžืฅ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“, ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื™ื–ื›ื• ืœื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืœื›ื”

Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shpitzer Shlita

ื•ื™ืจื

ื–ืจื™ื–ื™ืŸ ืžืงื“ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช.

ื•ื™ืฉื›ื ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœืžื“ื• ื‘ื™ื•ืžื ื›”ื— ืข”ื‘ ื–ืจื™ื–ื™ืŸย  ืžืงื“ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช.

ื•ื™ื“ื•ืข ื“ื ื—ืœืงื• ืื™ ืขื“ื™ืฃ ื–ืจื™ื–ื™ืŸ ืื• ื”ื™ื“ื•ืจ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื•ืข’ ืชืจื•ื””ื“ ื•ื‘”ื” ื‘ืฉื ื”ื‘”ื— ื•ื’ืจ”ื. ื•ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื (ื•ืข’ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžืœื›ื™ืืœ ื—”ื ืกื•ืก”ื™ ื™”ื‘. ื•ืข”ืข ืฉื‘ื•”ื™ ื—”ื ืœ”ื“) ื“ืชื•ืœื” ืืžืื™ ื–ืจื™ื–ื™ืŸ ืžืงื“ื™ืžื™ืŸ, ื“ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืกืœ”ื™ ืค”ื• ื•ืค”ื– ื”ื•ื ืœืื—ื•ื– ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื•ืœื ืชืื‘ื“ื ื” ืžืžื ื• (ื•ืข”ืฉ ื‘ืžืกืœ”ื™ ืค”ื– ื“ื”ืžืื—ืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืื™ืŸ ืกื›ื ื” ื›ืกื›ื ืชื•, ื•ืข”ืข ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจ ืชืฉืœ”ื‘ ืžืืžืจ ื›”ื—), ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืื™ืจื™ ื”ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื™’ ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื”ืžืชืื—ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืืœื ื“ืจืš ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื” ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืืœื ื“ืจืš ืคื™ืจื•ืง ืขื•ืœ ื”ื› ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื‘ื–ื™ื•ืŸ, (ื•ืข’ ืžืื™ืจื™ ืคืกื—ื™ื ืงื™”ื‘ ืข”ื‘ ืฉื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ื–ืจื™ื–ื•ืช ื•ื“ืจืš ื—ื™ื‘ื”). ื•ื›ืชื‘ื• ื“ืœืคื™ ืžืกืœ”ื™ ื”ื› ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืขื•ืœื, ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืื™ืจื™ ื”ืจื™ ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ืจื™ื–ื™ืŸ ืžืงื“ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื•ื›ืž”ืฉ ื”ืชืจื•ื””ื“.

(ื•ืœืคื™”ื– ื™ืฉ ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื“ื—”ืก ื•ืฉื“”ื— ื“ืžืฉื•ื ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ืขื ื’ื ืœืชืจื•ื””ื“ ื–ืจื™ื–ื™ืŸ ืžืงื“ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื“ื•ื—ื” ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ืขื ื›ื™ ืื™ื ื• ืžืขืœื” ื‘ืžืฆื•ื” ืขืฆืžื• ืืœื ืžืขืœื” ื›ืœืœื™, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ืื ืžืื—ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื ืžืขืœื” ืžืฆื“ ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืขืฆืžื•, ื‘ื–ื” ืฉื™ื™ืš ืกื‘ืจืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžืœื›ื™ืืœ ื“ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ืžืื—ืจ, ื•ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ื–ืจื™ื–ื™ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื–ื” ืžืขืœื” ืฆื“ื“ื™, ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื–ืจื™ื–ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ืกื‘ืจื ื•ืžืขืœื”, ื•ื–ื” ืืกื•ืจ.

ื•ืข’ ืคื—ื“”ื™ ืคืกื— ืžืืžืจ ื ”ื˜ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืจืื™ื ื• ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืžืฆื” ืžื”ืจ, ื•ืœื ืจืง ืžืฉื•ื ืชื›ื“ื”ืค. (ืžื™ื”ื• ืœื ื™ืื›ืœ ืžื”ืจ ืžืื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืฆื” ื•ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ืฉื ื‘ืขืœ ืงื””ื™ ื“ืื– ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืื›ื™ืœื” ื’ืกื”).

ื•ืœื›ื’ ื™”ืœ ื”ื˜ืขื ืžืฉื•ื ื—ืคื–ื•ืŸ, ื•ืข’ ืชื•”ืž ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›”ื” ื”ืžืฆื” ืฉืœื”ื ื ืืคื” ื‘ื—ืžื” ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืฆื” ืฉืœื ื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืžื” ืฉืื›ืœื• ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื™ืฆื™”ืž ื‘ื—ืคื–ื•ืŸ. ื•ืขื•ื™ืœ ื”ื˜ืขื ืžืฉื•ื ื–ืจื™ื–ื™ืŸ, ื•ืข’ ืคื—ื“”ื™ ืคืกื— ืžืืžืจ ื’ ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžืกืœ”ื™ ื”ื ”ืœ. ื•ืข”ืฉ ื“ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžืฆื”.

ื”ื ื ื™

Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Nosson Tzvi Finkel ztโ€l

ื•ืขื“ ืฉืžืกืจ ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชืŸ ืฆื‘ื™ ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื” ื‘ืขืจืฉืดืง ืคืจืฉืช ื•ื™ืจื ืชืฉืดืก ื•ืœื ื ื“ืคืก ืขื“ ืขืชื”

 

ืดื•ื™ื”ื™ ืื—ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื•ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื ืกื” ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ืืด. ืื—ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืกื”ื• ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ื•ืขืžื“ ื‘ื”ื ื•ื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ืขืฆืžื•, ืดื•ื™ืืžืจ ืืœื™ื• ืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”ื ื ื™ืด.

ื•ืคื™ืจืฉืดื™ ื”ื ื ื™, ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ืชื ืฉืœ ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืขื ื•ื” ื”ื•ื ื•ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืžื•ืŸ. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื—ืกื™ื“ – ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืขื ื•ื”, ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืžื•ืŸ. ื”ื ื ื™.

ื–ื”ื• ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื‘ืขืฆื ื‘ืขื•ื”ืดื–, ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืจื•ื ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข, ื•ื–ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื™ืคืชื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื•, ื•ื–ื”ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœืจื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื, ื”ื ื ื™. ืดื”ื ื ื™ ืžื•ื›ืŸ ื•ืžื–ื•ืžืŸ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ืช ื‘ื•ืจืื™ืด.

ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ืชื ืฉืœ ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืขื ื•ื” ื•ื–ื™ืžื•ืŸ, ื”ื ื ื™, ืื ื™ ืžื•ื›ืŸ ื•ืžื–ื•ืžืŸ.

ืื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืฉืชื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืืœื•, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื” ื ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื ืื—ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™, ืดื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”ื ื ื™ืด – ืื ื™ ืžื•ื›ืŸ ื•ืžื–ื•ืžืŸ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืดืช. ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืžื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ื”ืœื ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื“ืข ื‘ืžื” ื™ืฆื•ื•ื”, ืœืืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ืขืฆืžื•. ื”ืจื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ื•ื“ืข ื•ืžืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ื•ืžื›ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื• ื–ื• ื“ืจื’ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ื›ืš ืืช ืขืฆืžื•, ืื‘ืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœื ื™ื“ืข ื›ืœืœ ื•ืืขืคืดื› “ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”ื ื ื™”.

ืดื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืชื™ ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืžืขืฉื™ ืœืžืขืฉื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ื™ืขืงื‘ืด (ืชื“ืืดืจ ื›ืดื”). ื•ืืดื› ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื ื ื™. ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื• ืœื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืœื‘ ื•ืฉืœื‘ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืืฆืœ ื‘ืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืขืฆืžื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืŸ ื•ืžื–ื•ืžืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ืจืื• ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื• ืดื”ื ื ื™ืด.

ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ืืฉืจ ื™ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืื“ื ื”ืจื™ ื™ืงื‘ืœ ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืื—ืจืช ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื—ืจืช. ื–ื”ื• ื—ื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื•ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจืช.

ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ืงื•ืจื ืืœื™ื ื• ืดื•ื™ืืžืจ ืืœื™ื•, ืื‘ืจื”ืืด, ืœื›ืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ืื‘ืจื”ื, ื•ืœื›ืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ื™ืฆื—ืง, ื•ืœื›ืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ื™ืขืงื‘, ื•ืœื›ืœ ืžืฉื” ื•ืžืฉื”, ื•ืœื›ืœ ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื•ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ, “ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืืœื™ื•” – ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“. ื•ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืขื ื•ืช ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื ื ื™.

ืื“ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืื ื‘ืืžืช ืžื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื ื ื™ ืื• ืœื. ื•ืื ืœื ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื›ืš ื‘ืืžืช, ื”ืจื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœื™ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืขืฆืžื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื–ื”.

ืดื•ื™ืืžืจ ืงื— ื ื ืืช ื‘ื ืš ืืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ืš ืืฉืจ ืื”ื‘ืช ืืช ื™ืฆื—ืงืด. ืืžืจ ืœื• “ืืช ื‘ื ืš” โ€“ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื™, ืืžืจ ืœื• ืืช “ื™ื—ื™ื“ืš” – ืืžืจ ืœื• ื–ื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืืžื• ื•ื–ื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืืžื•, ืืžืจ ืœื• “ืืฉืจ ืื”ื‘ืช”, ืืžืจ ืœื• ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘, ืืžืจ ืœื• “ืืช ื™ืฆื—ืง”. ื•ืœืžื” ืœื ื’ื™ืœื” ืœื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื”, ืคื™ืจืฉืดื™ ืžื—ื–ืดืœ: ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื‘ื‘ ืขืœื™ื• ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื•ืœื™ืชืŸ ืœื• ืฉื›ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ.

ื–ื”ื• ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœื™ื ื•, ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืœื—ื‘ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื”. ืฉืชื”ื ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ืชืฉื•ืงื” ื•ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ. ื•ืœื™ืชืŸ ืœื• ืฉื›ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื›ืžืดืฉ ืœืคื•ื ืฆืขืจื ืื’ืจื. ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื ืžื“ื“ ืœืคื™ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ – ืงื— ื ื ืืช ื‘ื ืš, ืืฉืจ ืื”ื‘ืช, ืืช ื™ืฆื—ืง.

ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื›ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื”, ืžื” ื ืฆื˜ื•ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ืด… ื•ืœืš ืœืš ืืœ ืืจืฅ ื”ืžืจื™ื” ื•ื”ืขืœื”ื• ืฉื ืœืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ื”ืจื™ื ืืฉืจ ืื•ืžืจ ืืœื™ืšืด.

ืดื•ื™ืฉื›ื ืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจืด, ื•ืชื ื™ื (ืคืกื—ื™ื ื“.) ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื–ืจื™ื–ื™ืŸ ืžืงื“ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื•ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื ื”ื•ื ื›ืžืขืฉื™ ืื‘ื•ืช. ื•ื”ืจื™ ื–ืจื™ื–ื™ืŸ ืžืงื“ื™ืžื™ืŸ, ืืดื› ืงื•ื“ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืจื™ื–, ื•ืื—ืดื› ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื“ื™ื, ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ืจื™ื– ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžื” ื–ื•.

ื”ืจื™ ืœืžื“ื ื• ืžื›ืœ ืžื™ืœื” ื•ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื™ืืš ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืณ. ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืŸ ื•ืžื–ื•ืžืŸ โ€“ “ื”ื ื ื™”. ืœืคื•ื ืฆืขืจื ืื’ืจื, ืœื—ื‘ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ื•ื–ืจื™ื–ื™ืŸ ืžืงื“ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ื”ื–ืจื™ื– ื ืฉื›ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื“ืจืš ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืœื•ืžื“ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืืช ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื”, ื”ืจื™ ื—ืกืจ ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ืžืฆื•ื”.

ืดื•ื™ื—ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืช ื—ืžื•ืจื•ืด. ืคื™ืจืฉืดื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืœื ืฆื™ื•ื” ืœืื—ื“ ืžืขื‘ื“ื™ื•, ืดืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ืฉืœื•ื—ื•ืด (ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืžื.). ื•ื–ื”ื• ืขื•ื“ ืขื ื™ืŸ, ืืฉืจ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื ื• ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืฃ ืžืขืœื” ื–ื•, ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช โ€“ ืœื‘ื“, ื›ื“ืคื™ืจืฉืดื™ ืฉื ื“ื›ื™ ืขืกื™ืง ื’ื•ืคื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœ ืฉื›ืจ ื˜ืคื™.

ืดื•ื™ืงื— ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื ืขืจื™ื• ืืชื• ื•ืืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ื ื• ื•ื™ื‘ืงืข ืขืฆื™ ืขื•ืœื” ื•ื™ืงื ื•ื™ืœืš ืืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืืฉืจ ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืืœืงื™ืืด. ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ืŸ ื•ืžื–ื•ืžืŸ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ืช ื”’, ื•ืืฃ ื”ื™ื” ื–ืจื™ื– ื•ื ืฉื›ืจ ื•ืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ืฉืœื•ื—ื•.

ืดื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื•ื›ื•’ ื•ื™ืงื— ืื‘ืจื”ื ืืช ืขืฆื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื” ื•ื™ืฉื ืขืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ื ื•, ื•ื™ืงื— ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืืช ื”ืืฉ ื•ืืช ื”ืžืื›ืœืช ื•ื™ืœื›ื• ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•ืด. ื•ืคื™ืจืฉืดื™: ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฉื—ื•ื˜ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ื”ื™ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ื›ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ. ื•ืืฃ ืื ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืœืงื™ื™ื ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”’ ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืฉืžื—ื”.

ื•ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื–ื”ื• ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืชื™ ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืžืขืฉื™ ืœืžืขืฉื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™, ื”ืจื™ ื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื“ื™ื™ืง ืžื” ื”ื™ื• ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื. ืดื”ื ื ื™ืด, ืดืงื— ื ื ืืช ื‘ื ืšืด, ืดื•ื™ืฉื›ื ืื‘ืจื”ืืด, ืดื•ื™ืœื›ื• ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•ืด. ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืืœื• ื•ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื ื ื™ื›ืจ ื‘ื”ื. ื”ืœื ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื‘ื‘ื ืงืžื ืขืกืงื™ื ืŸ, ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื”ื ืื• ืœืื• ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื”ืŸ. ื•ื”ื•ืดืœ ืชื•ืœื“ื” ืžืฆื“ ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช. ื•ืืดื› ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืฉืจืฉื™ื ื‘ื ื• ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืœืžืขืŸ ื™ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ื™ืขืงื‘. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ืคืฉื• ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ืื• ื—ืœื™ืœื” ืœื. ื”ืื ืžื•ื ื— ื‘ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื ื ื™, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ืจื™ื–ื™ืŸ ืžืงื“ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื’ื•ืคื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื”ืื ืžื•ืฉืจืฉืช ื‘ื ื• ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืžื—ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืณ.

ื•ื–ื”ื• ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืžืืžืจ “ืžืชื™ ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืžืขืฉื™ ืœืžืขืฉื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™”, ืฉืชื”ื ืชื›ื•ื ืชื ื• ืื ื•, ื‘ื ื™ื”ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื”ื, ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื. ื•ืžื›ื— ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื, ื›ื™ ืžืขืฉื™ ื”ืื“ื ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžืชื›ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื•. ื•ื”ืจื™ ืฉืืœื” ื–ื• ืื™ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื”ืŸ ืื• ืœืื• ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืฉืืœื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืณ ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื”ืื ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืื ื• ืืช ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•. ื”ืื ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืื ื•. ื•ืืžื ื ื™ืจื•ืฉื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ื• ืžืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•, ืืš ืื ืœื ื™ืขื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื•ื™ืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื”ื ื•ื™ืžืจืง ืืช ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื•, ื”ืจื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื ื•ืœื“ ืขืžื ื™ื”ื ืžื™ื“ืจื“ืจ ื•ื”ื•ืœืš. ื•ื”ื›ืจื— ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืœื•ืช ืืœื• ืœื—ื–ืงื ืชืžื™ื“ ื•ืœืœื‘ื ื.

ืดื•ื™ืืžืจ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื• ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืื‘ื™ ื•ื›ื•’, ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืืœืงื™ื ื™ืจืื” ืœื• ื”ืฉื” ืœืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื ื™, ื•ื™ืœื›ื• ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•ืด. ื•ืคื™ืจืฉืดื™ ืืขืดืค ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื™ืฉื—ื˜ “ื•ื™ืœื›ื• ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•” – ื‘ืœื‘ ืฉื•ื•ื”. ื•ื™ืœื›ื• ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•, ืดื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ื“ืด (ืงื”ืœืช ื“,,ื˜), ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืื” ืžืŸ ื”ืืจื‘ืขื” ื•ื›ื•’. ืื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”’ ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•, ืื™ืฉ ืืช ืจืขื”ื• ื™ืขื–ื•ืจื• ื•ืœืื—ื™ื• ื™ืืžืจ ื—ื–ืง, ืื– ืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ื–ืง ื™ื—ื“ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ื™ืขืงื‘.

ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ื ื’ื“ ืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ืชื•ืืจ ื”ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื ืฉื’ื‘ ื”ื”ื•ื ืืฉืจ ืžื›ื•ื—ื• ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืžืžื ื• ืื ื• ื™ื•ื ืงื™ื, ืดืžืขืžื“ ืขืงื™ื“ืช ื™ืฆื—ืงืด, ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ืขื™ืงืจ ื™ืกื•ื“ื• ื•ื›ื•ื—ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื, ืดื•ื™ืœื›ื• ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•ืด.

ื•ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืŸ ื•ืžื–ื•ืžืŸ ืœืงื™ื™ื “ื•ื™ืœื›ื• ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•”. ื–ื”ื• ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื™ืกื•ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” – ืดืขืงื™ื“ื”ืด.

ืดื•ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื•ื›ื•’ ื•ื™ืฉืœื— ืื‘ืจื”ื ืืช ื™ื“ื• ื•ื™ืงื— ืืช ื”ืžืื›ืœืช ืœืฉื—ื•ื˜ ืืช ื‘ื ื•ืด. ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉืืžืจ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื™, ื–ื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืืžื• ื•ื–ื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืืžื•, ืืช ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘, ืืช ื™ืฆื—ืง. ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื ืืžืจ ืดื•ื™ืงื— ืืช ื”ืžืื›ืœืช ืœืฉื—ื•ื˜ ืืช ื‘ื ื•ืด, ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ืžืžืฉ.

ืดื•ื™ืงืจื ืืœื™ื• ืžืœืืš ื”ืณ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ืจื”ืืด. ืคื™ืจืฉืดื™ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ื•ืคืœ ืืช ืฉืžื•. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื•, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื.

ืขื•ื‘ื“ื ื”ื•ื” ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืืฆืœ ืขืฉื™ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื ื›ืกื™ื ืžื•ืคืœื’ื™ื, ื•ืฉื—ืชื™ ืœื• ืขืœ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœื™ืชืŸ ืจื›ื•ืฉื• ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœ ืฆื“ืงื” ืืฉืจ ื‘ื• ื—ืฉืงื•, ื™ืฉ ื”ื—ื•ืฉืง ื‘ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืฉ ื”ื—ืคืฅ ืœืชืžื•ืš, ื•ืฉืืœืชื™ื• ืืดื› ื‘ืžื” ื™ื—ืคื•ืฅ ื”ื•ื. ื•ืขื ื” ื•ืืžืจ ืœื™ ืื ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืคืฆื™ ื‘ืฉื•ื ืขื ื™ืŸ ื•ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืžื” ืฉื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื™, ืจืง ืื—ืช ืื‘ืงืฉ ื•ื–ื• ืฉืื™ืคืชื™, ืจื•ืฆื” ืื ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืชืŸ ื—ื™ื•ืš ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืงื‘ืดื”! ื–ื”ื• ืื“ื ืžืจื•ืžื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืดืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ื”ืด, ื–ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื•, ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื ื• ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื›ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ื ื™ ืžื•ื›ืŸ ื•ืžื–ื•ืžืŸ, ืฉืœ ื–ืจื™ื–ื™ืŸ ืžืงื“ื™ืžื™ืŸ, ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ืฉืœื•ื—ื•. ื•ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืงื‘ืดื” ื™ืจืื” ืœื ื• ื—ื‘ื”, ืฉื ืžืฆื ื—ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”’, ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื•.

ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืื“ื ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื•ืœืžื“ื“ื ืื ื‘ืืžืช ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ื”ืื ื ื—ืช ืจื•ื— ืœื™ื•ืฆืจื• ื•ืื ืื›ืŸ ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืณ.

ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื•ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืขืžื“ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื—ื” ื–ื•. ืกืœื—ื• ืœื™ ืขืœ ืฉืื ื™ ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื–ืืช, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื›ื•ืื‘. ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื•ื‘, ืื ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืžื—ื™ืœื”. ื‘ืดื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื–ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืฆื ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืขื•ื– ื•ื‘ื–ืจื™ื–ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืง ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ืคืœื.

ืื‘ืœ ืœืžื”, ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืืœ, ืœืžื”?! ืื™ื ื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ื›ืœื•ื, ืื ื™ ืจืง ืฉื•ืืœ. ืœืžื” ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืกื“ืจ ืจื•ืื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฆื•ืช, ืงืดื• ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื”ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”, ืœืžื”?! ื•ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ.

ื•ื›ื™ ื–ื”ื• ืžืขืฉื” ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ื—ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืงื‘ืดื”. ื”ืœื ื—ืดื• ืœื”ื™ืคืš. ื”ืจื™ ื–ื”ื• ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”’. ื”ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืจื•ืื” ืืช ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืืฉืจ ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื” ื›ืžื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืง. ื•ืžืœื‘ื“ ืขืฆื ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ื›ืœืœ, ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ื–ื” ืฉื™ื—ื” ื ืคืจื“ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืžื—ื–ืงื™ื ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ื”ืจื™ ื”ื ื™ืชื—ื–ืงื•. ืืš ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืกื“ืจ ื–ื” ื›ื•ืื‘. ื”ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืชื™ ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืžืขืฉื™ ืœืžืขืฉื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ื™ืขืงื‘, ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš ื’ื™ืกื ื™ืฉ ืžืขืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”’. ื“ื™ ืœื—ื›ื™ืžื ื‘ืจืžื™ื–ื, ื–ื”ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืืกื•ืจ ืฉื™ื”ื ืดื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”’ืด.

ื™ืชืŸ ื”’ ืกื™ื™ืขืชื ื“ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื™ืคืชื— ืœื‘ื ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื›ืจืื•ื™ ื•ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ื• ืดื”ื ื ื™ืด.

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Harav Hagaon Binyomin Cohen Shlita

The Pillar of Chessed

Parashas Vayera

Harav Hagaon Binyamin Cohen shlita

Avraham Avinu, we know, was the amud hachessed: ื—ึถืกึถื“ ืœึฐืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื. The Torah doesnโ€™t devote many parashiyos to Avrahamโ€™s chessed, but the one parashah that does go into detail about it is this weekโ€™s parashah.

Parashas Vayera begins with by informing us that Hakadosh Baruch Hu came to visit Avraham Avinu and do bikur cholim:ย  ื•ึทื™ึผึตืจึธื ืึตืœึธื™ื• ื”’ ื‘ึผึฐืึตืœึนื ึตื™ ืžึทืžึฐืจึตื. Rashi cites the Gemaraโ€™s statement in Bava Metzia that ื•ื‘ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื•ืฉืืœ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืžื• โ€” Hakadosh Baruch Hu came to ask Avraham Avinu how heโ€™s feeling. We might wonder: Hakadosh Baruch Hu knows everything, so He knew how Avraham was feeling. What does it mean, then, that he came to ask how Avraham was doing? Didnโ€™t He know already?

The answer is that the idea of bikur cholim is that a choleh should feel that there are people in the world who care about him, and that people are concerned for his well-being, which gives him chizuk and helps him recover. Just as the term bikur mumin means to check something out, bikur cholim means to check out and see how the choleh is, to show interest in him and care for him. Accordingly, Hakadosh Baruch Hu came to ask Avraham Avinu how he is and give him the feeling that He is interested in him and cares about him.

Thatโ€™s one very important lesson related to chessed and specifically bikur cholim.

Giving Your Essence

The Torah goes on to note that Avraham was sitting and waiting for guests to come: ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ื™ึนืฉืึตื‘ ืคึผึถืชึทื— ื”ึธืึนื”ึถืœ ื›ึผึฐื—ึนื ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื. He wanted to do hachnassas orchim, and he even had a tent with four doors opening to all four directions so that guests could enter.

[As a sidenote, we might think, โ€œWow, Avraham Avinu had a tent with four doors โ€” I wish I could also have that kind of opportunity to do chessed.โ€ But Rav Wolbe ztโ€l used to say that we all have the opportunity, even in todayโ€™s modern world. Today, a tent with four doors is called a car.]

Rashi states that Avraham Avinu was distressed that guests were not coming. In Darash Moshe, Rav Moshe Feinstein wonders why Avraham was distressed. Not only was he an oness, but the fact that there were no guests around meant that he had no obligation of hachnassas orchim whatsoever. Rav Moshe compares this to someone who, midweek, feels distressed that he canโ€™t keep Shabbos. Of course he canโ€™t keep Shabbos โ€” itโ€™s the wrong day! Why, then, was Avraham distressed that he couldnโ€™t do hachnassas orchim if there were no guests around and therefore no obligation?

Rav Moshe explains that Avraham loved to do chessed so much, and longed to do chessed so much, that not being able to do chessed caused him pain. Just as a person has an urge to eat a good meal, Avraham had an urge to do chessed.

I would like to elaborate a bit on this point.

The Netziv, in his haskamah to the Chofetz Chaimโ€™s sefer Ahavas Chessed, notes that the Torah uses a seemingly redundant phrase when informing us that Chava gave birth to her second child, Hevel: ื•ึทืชึผึนืกึถืฃ ืœึธืœึถื“ึถืช ืึถืช ืึธื—ึดื™ื• ืึถืช ื”ึธื‘ึถืœ. Why does the Torah have to add: ืึถืช ืึธื—ึดื™ื•?

The word ืึธื—ึดื™ื•, says the Netziv, connotes achvah, brotherly love and caring. When Hakadosh Baruch Hu created the first brother in history, Hevel, He created the concept of brotherhood as well. This concept, he says, is unique to humans; in the animal world thereโ€™s no such thing as closeness and love between siblings. Therefore, the essence of a person โ€” the tzuras haโ€™adam โ€” is to care for and love another human being. Sedom, he continues, was destroyed because they did not perform chessed and tzedakah, and didnโ€™t care for their fellow man. In the process, they destroyed the tzuras haโ€™adam, and thatโ€™s why they themselves were destroyed.

Rashi, citing the Gemara, tells us that each of the three malachim that visited Avraham had a job: one came to inform Sarah that she would have a child, one came to heal Avraham, and one was supposed to turn over Sedom. The famous question is, why did the third malach have to come to Avraham? Was he just coming along for the ride?

I once heard an explanation that the malach that came to turn over Sedom could have thought: Whatโ€™s so terrible about Sedom? Just because they donโ€™t give tzedakah, they deserve to be destroyed? To dispel any such notion, Hakadosh Baruch Hu instructed the malach to go visit Avraham Avinu and see what an adam is, what tzuras haโ€™adam looks like: Avraham Avinu, on the third day after milah, is sick and in pain, and yet he is distressed that he canโ€™t do chessed and care for others. Thatโ€™s an adam! The people of Sedom, in contrast, are not in the category of adam, and thatโ€™s why they deserve such a terrible punishment.

The Ultimate Chessed

The Rambam (Hilchos Avel, perek 14) teaches that all the mitzvos of chessed โ€” hachnassas kallah, hachnassas orchim, bikur cholim, halvayas hameis, nichum aveilim โ€” are included in the commandment of ื•ึฐืึธื”ึทื‘ึฐืชึผึธ ืœึฐืจึตืขึฒืšึธ ื›ึผึธืžื•ึนืšึธ, and he adds that the mitzvah of levoyah, accompanying guests, is greater than all of the other mitzvos of chessed. We can explain, based on the Netzvivโ€™s insight that achvah is the essence of tzuras haโ€™adam, that when a person accompanies another person, heโ€™s giving the person his very tzuras haโ€™adam, and fulfilling what it means to be an adam by connecting with another person, loving him, and caring for him.

Accompanying a guest on his way doesnโ€™t cost any money, but it gives him chashivus, achvah, and tzuras haโ€™adam, which is more valuable than any food or drink. Thatโ€™s why itโ€™s the highest madreigah of chessed that we learn from Avraham Avinu.

I would like to conclude with a story that I heard from Rav Gamliel Rabinowitz. A family in Yerushalayim was sitting shivah for their father, a Holocaust survivor, and during the shivah an older man walked in and said, โ€œYour father saved my life.โ€

โ€œHow?โ€ the family wondered. Their father had not been a doctor; he didnโ€™t know how to save lives.

The visitor explained that at one point, when he was in the concentration camps, he was starving and felt that he going to die of hunger. โ€œI was so desperate,โ€ he said, โ€œthat I went to forage in the garbage for some food. Your father saw me looking in the garbage, and he came over to me and he said, โ€˜Reb Yid, I realize youโ€™re looking for food, and I donโ€™t have food to give you, but what I am able to give you is love.โ€™ He hugged me, kissed me, and danced with me. That gave me chiyus, and I literally felt stronger.โ€

The niftar had saved his life by granting him the gift of tzuras haโ€™adam.

Chazal say that the only way to be saved from the chevlei Moshiach is to involve ourselves in Torah and chessed: ืžื” ื™ืขืฉื” ืื“ื ื•ื™ื ืฆืœ ืžื—ื‘ืœื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ื—, ื™ืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื’ืžื™ืœื•ืช ื—ืกื“ื™ื.

Baruch Hashem, today, during this time of the coronavirus, thereโ€™s so much Torah learning and chessed going on, and weโ€™re seeing so much care and concern between one Yid and another.

We should realize that Hakadosh Baruch Hu is giving us this opportunity because that is what will save us from chevlei Moshiach: the caring, the achvah, the real connection between one Yid and another.

We should be zocheh to see together the geulah sheleimah bโ€™karov mamash.

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