DevarimV'eschanan

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•

ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช (ื”, ื™ื)
ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื™ืฉ ืœืื“ื ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื, ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื•ืœื”ืชืงืจื‘ ืืœ ื”’, ื•ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ‘ืžืขื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื’. ื›ืžืฉ”ื› ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘,ื’), ื•ื™ื‘ืจืš ืืœืงื™ื ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™, ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ื™ืชื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื— ื”ื”ื›ืจื” ื•ื”ืฉื›ืœ.

ื•ื”ืกืคื•ืจื ื• ื›ืชื‘, ืฉื–ื”ื• ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื™ืชื™ืจื”, ืฉื‘ื™ืจื›ื• ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื ืคืฉ ื™ืชืจื” ืœืื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.

ืืžื ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืฉืœ ืขื•ื”ืดื‘, ืฆืจื™ืš ืณืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช’. ื•ืื ืชืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืขื™ืงืจื” ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื” ืฉืชื™ื” ื•ืฉื™ื ื”, ื•ืจืง ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”’, ื‘ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืงื‘ืœ ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืฉืœ ืขื•ื”ืดื‘, ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืกืชื™ื™ืข ื‘ื–ื” ืœืžืฉื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืฆืจื•. ืืœื ืจืง ืื ื™ืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ื”, ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืขืฉื” ืฉืœ ืดื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืชืด, ื–ื›ืจื”ื• ืขืœ ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ื•ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ื•ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืขืฉื” ืฉืœ ืดืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืชืด, ืœื™ื“ืข ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื›ืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืชื™ื” ื•ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืงื“ื•ืงื™ื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ื”ื ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืœื›ื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืœืขื ื’ื” ื›ืจืื•ื™, ืฉื”ื ืฉืชื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืงื‘ืœื”.

ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื” ื‘ืขืกืง ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ืงืจืืช ืณืžืชื ื”’ – ืดื•ืžืžื“ื‘ืจ ืžืชื ื”ืด (ื ื“ืจื™ื ื ื”.), ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืžืชื ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื, ื›ืžื• ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื ื• ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืดื•ื ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืชื•ืจืช ืืžืช, ื•ื—ื™ื™ ืขื•ืœื ื ื˜ืข ื‘ืชื•ื›ื™ื ื•ืด. ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืขืฆืžื” ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื ืฆื—, ื•ืฉื ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืขื˜ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ืจืืฉื™ื”ื ื•ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ืžื’ืœื” ืœื”ื ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ื˜ืขืžื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื–ื”ื• ื”ืชืขื ื•ื’ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™.

ื–ื”ื• ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื‘ืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, ‘ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช’ ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ื” ื•ื“ืงื“ื•ืงื™ื”, ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื–ืง ื‘ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”. ืขืดื™ ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื”ื™ืชื™ืจื” ื”ื ื•ืชื ืช ื›ื— ื”ื›ืจื” ื•ืฉื›ืœ ืœืื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ื•ืขืดื™ ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื”ืœื›ืชื”, ืœื–ื•ื›ืจื” ื•ืœืฉื•ืžืจื”, ื ื–ื›ื” ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืœ ืณืžืขื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื’, ื•ื ื—ื™ื” ื•ื ืจืื” ื•ื ื™ืจืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ื•ืœื—ื™ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื ื”ืงื™ื™ื ืœืขื“ ื•ืœื ืฆื— ื ืฆื—ื™ื, ืืžืŸ.

ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืืจื™ื” ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื”

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื

Finkel, Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Nosson Tzvi ztโ€l

ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชืŸ ืฆื‘ื™ ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื” ื›ืื‘ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื ื”ื’ืชื ืžืจืื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื ื™ืชื ื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืžืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”.

ืžืชื•ืš ื“ืื’ื” ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ื”ืชืืžืฅ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื“ืื’ ืœื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืขืฆืžื”, ื‘ื” ื ืฉืืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื””ื– ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื‘ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ื‘ื ื™ ื—ื•”ืœ. ืžืจืŸ ื™ื–ื ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื•ื“ื“ื ืœืฉืงื•ื“ ืขืœ ืชืœืžื•ื“ื.

ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื” ื‘ื” ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื, ื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฉืœืžื“ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื””ื– ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื’ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื ืกื•ืข ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ืื—ื””ืฆ ืœืœื ืชืฉืœื•ื

ืคืขื ืืžืจื• ืœืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉืื ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืชืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืฆื”ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ื™ื’ืจื•ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ื™ืฉืืจื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืชืœื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืœ ืžืฆื‘ื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื”, ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื–ืืช ืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™ ื•ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ืฉื‘ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื™ื””ื– ื™ื•ื’ืฉ ืื•ื›ืœ ืžืฉื•ื‘ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจื’ื™ืœ,

ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉื™ืชืจื‘ื• ืกืคืกืœื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ.

ืื—ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืข ืคืœื™ืื” ื‘ืื–ื ื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื’ื™ืฉื” ื–ื• ืฉืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ “ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื”, ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืกื™ืคืจ ืœื• ืžืจืŸ ืฉืฉืžืข ืžื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืคืœืฆ’ื™ื ืกืงื™ ื–ืฆ”ืœ, ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืชื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœื’ื™ืœ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ื—ื–ื•”ื ื–ืฆ”ืœ ื”ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื•ืœื—ื” ืœ”ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืขืงื‘”, ื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืฉื ื‘ืฉืคืช “ืขื‘ืจื™ืช”, ื•ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข ื“ืขืช ื”ืžื”ืจื™”ืœ ื“ื™ืกืงื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉืœื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืฉืคืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช.

ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœื• ื”ื—ื–ื•”ื ื‘ืžืฉืœ ืขืœ ืื•ืชื• ื’ื ืจืœ ื™ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื“ืจืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืขืช ืžืœื—ืžื” ืœื”ื™ืขืจืš ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืงื• ื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืฉื ื™ื”ืœ ื‘ื• ืงืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆืœื™ื—, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื—ื–ื™ืช ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ. ื›ืš ื’ื ื›ืืŸ, ืœืคื ื™ื ืฉื™ืžืฉ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื›ืงื• ื—ื–ื™ืช ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ืžื•ืœ ื”ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื–ืจื•ืช, ืื•ืœื ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ื• ื”ืžืขืจื›ื” ื ื˜ื•ืฉื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื•ืื ื™ืœืžื“ื• ื‘ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉ ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ื•ืœืœื›ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืžืคื•ืงืคืงื™ื, ื•ืื“ืขืชื ื“ื”ื›ื™ ืœื ื’ื–ืจื•. ื›ืš ื’ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ื•, ืืžืจ ืžืจืŸ, ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ, ืื•ืœื ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ืฉืชื ืชื”, ื•ื™ืฉื ื ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืจืง ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ื™ืœืžื“ื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื, ืื ื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื ื‘ืฉืคืชื.

ื‘ื›ืœ ื ืคืฉืš

ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืœื›ื”

Shpitzer, Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shlita

ื•ืืชื—ื ืŸ

‘ืื”ื‘ืช ื”

ื•ืื”ื‘ืช ืืช ื”’ ืืœืงื™ืš. ืข’ย  ืจืžื‘”ื ืค”ื‘ ืžื™ืกื•ื“ื””ืช ื””ื‘ ืื™ืš ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืื”ื‘ืช ื”’, ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื™ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื”. ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืฉืื• ืžืจื•ื ืขื™ื ื™ื›ื ื•ืจืื• ืžื™ ื‘ืจื ืืœื”. ื•ืข’ ื—ื•ื””ืœ ืฉืขืจ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืค”ื‘ ื•ื”ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื•ืื™ื ื•ื”ืจืื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืžื›ืš ืขืœ ื—ื›ืžืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื™ืชื‘ืจืš, ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื ื•. ื•ืข”ืฉ ื‘ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื—ื›ืžืช ื”’. ื•ืข”ืฉ ืค”ื’ ื“ื—ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืœื ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื™ืชืขืžืง ื‘ื” ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื” ื‘ื“’ ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช. ื•ืข”ืฉ ืค”ื“ ืžืชื”ืœื™ื ื—’ ื™’ ืฉืืžืจ ื“ื•ื“ ื”’ ืื“ื•ื ื™ื ื• ืžื” ืื“ื™ืจ ืฉืžืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื›ื™ ืงืื™ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ืคืœื ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืื“ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืœื ืงื˜ืŸ. ื•ื›”ื› ืจื“”ืง, ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื“ืœื›ืŸ ืืžืจ ื‘’ ืคืขืžื™ื ืคืกื•ืง ื–ื”. ื•ืข”ืฉ ืค”ื” ืžืชื”ืœื™ื ืงืœ”ื˜ ื™”ื“ ืื•ื“ืš ืขืœ ื›ื™ ื ื•ืจืื•ืช ื ืคืœืืชื™ ื ืคืœืื™ื ืžืขืฉื™ืš ื•ื›ื•’ ืืฉืจ ืขื•ืฉื™ืชื™ ื‘ืกืชืจ ืจื•ืงืžืชื™ ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ื•ืช ืืจืฅ ื•ื›ื•’. ื•ืข”ืฉ ื‘ื”ืขืจื” ื‘ืฉื ืจื“”ืง ื•ืžืฆื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืžื—ื›ืžืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ, ื ืคืœืื™ื ืžืขืฉื™ืš. ื•ืข”ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”’ ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื‘ืจ.

ื•ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘”ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืž”ืข ื’’ ืฉื‘ื ืœื–ื” ืข”ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, (ื•ืœื›ื’ ืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ืกืคืจื™ ื“ื“ืจืฉ ื›ืŸ ืžื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืื—”ื› ื•ื”ื™ื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืขืœ ืœื‘ื‘ืš, ืฉืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืืชื” ืžื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื•ืžื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื•), ื•ืข”ืฉ ื‘ืกืคื”ืž”ืฆ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืฆื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืžืืžืจื™ื• ื•ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื•, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืžืกืคืจื™ ืฉื‘ื ืœื›ืš ืข”ื™ ื•ื”ื™ื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืืฉืจ ืื ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ืš ื”ื™ื•ื ืขืœ ืœื‘ื‘ืš. ื•ืœื›ื’ ืกื•ืชืจ ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื”ืœ’ ื™ืกื•ื“ื””ืช ื”ื ”ืœ.

ื•ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืฉื ื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื. ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืคื™ืจืฉื• ื‘ื”ื’ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืคืกื—, ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ืžืงื•ื ื•ื›ื•’ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉื ืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื›ื•’ ื›ื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”’ ืข”ื™ ืฉื ื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื, ื›ื ”ืœ. ื•ืข’ย  ืื‘ื•ืช ืค”ื’ ืž”ื– ื”ืžืคืกื™ืง ืžืžืฉื ืชื• ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืžื” ื ืื” ืื™ืœืŸ ื–ื•, ื•ืข”ืฉ ืžืขื ืœื•ืขื– ืฉืคื™’ ื“ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืข”ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื™ื‘ื ืœื”ื›ืจืช ื”’, ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืžืคืกื™ืง ืžืžืฉื ืชื• ื•ื”ืจื™ ืข”ื™ ืช”ืช ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื”ืจืžื‘”ื ื”ื ”ืœ. ื•ืข”ืฉ ื‘ืจืข”ื‘ ืืฃ ืฉืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉื›ื›ื” ืœื• ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื•, ื•ืžืฉืžืข ื›ื ”ืœ.

ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืคื™ืจืฉื• ื“ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืง”ืฉ ื•ืื”ื‘ืช ื”’, ื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžืื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืื”ื‘ื” ืจื‘ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื ื‘’ ื“ืจื›ื™ื, ืื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื ื™ื”ื, ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื”ื‘ืช ื”’. ื•ืข’ ื—ื–ื•”ื™ ื˜ื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืžืืžืจื™ื ืฉืœื• ื•ื›ืŸ ืก”ื– ื•ื›ืŸ ืขื””ืช, ืฉืคื™’ ื‘ืงืจื, ืžืงื•ืœื•ืช ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืื“ื™ืจื™ื ืžืฉื‘ืจื™ ื™ื, ืื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืจื•ื ื”’, ืขื“ื•ืชื™ืš ื ืืžื ื• ืžืื“, ื›ื™ ื”ืขื“ื•ืช ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื–ืง ืืช ืžืืžืจ ื”ืžื™ื, ืื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืจื•ื ื”’.

ื•ืข’ ื“ืจืฉืช ื”ืจืžื‘”ืŸ ืชื•ืจืช ื”’ ืชืžื™ืžื”, ื‘ืจื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ืฉืืžืจ ื“ื•ื“, ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืงืœ ื•ื›ื•’ ื•ื–ื” ื“ืจืš ืื—ื“ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื”’, ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ, ืชื•ืจืช ื”’ ืชืžื™ืžื” ื•ื›ื•’. ื•ื›ืขื™”ื– ื‘ื›ื“ ื”ืงืžื— ืขืจืš ืชื•ืจื” (ืืœื ืฉืฉื ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืขืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ). ื•ื›ืขื™”ื– ื‘ืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื ื›ื‘ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื ืืžืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื”ืฆ ืขื“ื•ืช ืื—ืจ ืขืžื•. (ื•ืข’ ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืขืž’ ืฉืข”ื• ื“ืžื””ื˜ ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ืœืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื”ื’ืจ”ื).

ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืคื™ืจืฉื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื‘ื˜”ื• ืื‘, ื“ืœื ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื™ืกืฃ ื•ื›ื•’ ืื—ืจ ื˜”ื• ืื‘, ื“ืื– ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ืช”ืช, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ื›ื™ ืื– ื›ื‘ืจ ืงืฆืจ ื”ื™ื•ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืคืกื™ืงื• ืœื›ืจื•ืช ืขืฆื™ื, ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืžืฉ ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื”’ ืข”ื™ ืช”ืช).

ืื‘ืœ ืคื™’ ืื—ืจ ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘”ื ื™ื“ื•ืข ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืคืจืงื™ ืืžื•ื ื” ืžื”ื’ืจ”ืž ื’ื™ืคื˜ืจ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ื‘ืฉื ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจ’ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืคื•ื’ืจื•ืžื ืกืงื™ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ื“ืข”ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื•ื‘ื—ื›ืžื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื˜ืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ ื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”’. ื•ืื›ืž”ืœ.

ืœืงืจืืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื

Shmulevitz, Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Refoel ztโ€l

ื) ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืื ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืžืขืจืขืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžื•ืฉื’ ื–ื”, ื•ื›ื™ ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืœืžืฉืš ืฉืœืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชืจื™ืข ื”ืžื”ืจ”ืœ ื‘ืก’ ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขืž’ ืž”ื•, ืขืœ ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื “ืื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื• ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืœื›ืžื” ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืช ืœืชื•ืจื” ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข, ืืš ืขืชื” ืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืŸ, ื›”ื ืœื”ืกืจืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ืื ืชืขื–ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ืืขื–ื‘ืš, [ืจืฉ”ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™”ื ื™”ื’], ื•ืข”ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื–ื” ืžืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืขืฆืžืŸ ืœืฉื—ื•ืง ื•ืงืœื•ืช ืจืืฉ ื•ื–ื•ืœืชืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื’ื•ื ื™ื”.

ืืš ื”ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ื• ืžื•ื›ื™ื— ื›ื™ “ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœื” ื–ื”ื• ืงื™ื•ืžื””. ื•ืืžื ื ืฆื“ืงื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื”ืจ”ืœ ื‘ื–ืžื ื•, ืข”ืค ื“ืจื’ืช ืœื•ืžื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื–. ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืชื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ื”ื™ืฆืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื™ืฆื””ืจ, ื›ืžืฉ”ื› ืžื”ืจ”ืœ ืฉื “ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื™ืฉืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืืœืงื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื•ื™ื•ื ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืคืกืง ื›ืœืœ ื›ื ืืžืจ (ืžืฉืœื™ ื—’) ืœืฉืงื•ื“ ืขืœ ื“ืœืชื•ืชื™ ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื”. ืœืคื™ ื“ืจื’ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื, ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ืœื”ื™ืคืš, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื ื“ืจืฉ ืžืื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ื—ื™ืœ ื•ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื›ื— ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื”,ย  [ื•ืื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ื ื•ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื””ื– ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืฉื’ื ืฉืœืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืืœื• ืœืงื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื, ื•ื”ืืœื•ืœ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืจืคื™ื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ], ื•ื”ื›ืœืœ ืฉืœื™ืžื“ื•ื ื• ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ื•ืย  ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœืื“ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืฆื””ืจ ืฉืœื•, ื•ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื™ืฆืจื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืฆื””ืจ ืฉืœื•, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืชื•ืขืœืช ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื™ืฆืจื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืฆื””ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืงื™ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืื–, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ืฆื””ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื’ืžืจื™, ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืœื—ื ื‘ื• ืขื ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ื ื’ื“ื•, [ื•ื›ืคื™ ื”ืžืฉืœ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ืฉื ื”ื—ื–ื•”ื, ืฉื”ื’ื ืจืœ ื”ื•ืชื™ืง ืฉื‘ื ืœื”ืœื—ื ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื ืœื—ื ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ื•ื ื™ืฆื— ื‘ื”, ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ื ื•ืฆื—].

ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ื• ื•ืœืคื™ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื ื•, ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืฉืœื ื•, ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืžืื“, ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื”.

ื‘) ืืš ื›”ื– ืœื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ืŸ, ืืœื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื. ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืจื•ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ื, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ื—ืœื™ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืžื™ ืจืคื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ืจ”ืฉ, ืื ืชืขื–ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ืืขื–ื‘ืš [ืจืฉ”ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™”ื ื™”ื’], ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื ื” ืœื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืืœื•ืœ, ื•ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื™ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื.

ืืžืจื• ื—ื–”ืœ (ื™ื•ืžื ืขื• ื) ืœื—ื ืื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ, ื–ื” ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉื™ืจื“ ืœื• ืžืŸ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ”ื™ ืฉื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืžืฉื” ืœื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ืœื™ืจื™ื“ืชื• ืžื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™, ื•ืื– ื™ืจื“ ืœื• ืžืŸ ื•ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืžืืืžื•”ืจ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ืœืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืœื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืœืจื’ืœื™ ื”ื”ืจ ืœืžื” ืœื ื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืœื• ื‘ืžื—ื ื”, ื•ื‘ื™ืืจ ืืืžื•”ืจ ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืคืกื™ื“ ืืช ืžืฉื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉืขื” ืžื•ืขื˜ืช ื›ื“ื™ ื”ืœื™ื›ืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืจ ืืœ ื”ืžื—ื ื”, ื•ืฉืืœ ื•ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืŸ, ื•ื‘ื™ืืจ ืฉื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืคืจืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœ, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื–ื›ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื•ื–ื”ื• ื™ืจื“ ืœื• ืžืŸ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืืžื•”ืจ ื›ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื”ืจื™ ืœื ื™ื“ืข ืฉื™ืจื“ ืœื• ืฉื ืžืŸ, ืืœื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืœื ื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืื•ื”ืœ ืฉืขื” ืื—ืช, ืข”ื› ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, (ื•ืขื™’ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจ ืžืืžืจ ื ”ื‘).

ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื›ื™ ืœืžื” ืœื• ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืœื• ื›ืœ ืž’ ื™ื•ื, ื•ื”ืจื™ ื™ื“ืข ืฉืžืฉื” ืขืชื™ื“ ืœืฉื”ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืจ ืž’ ื™ื•ื (ืขื™’ ืจืฉ”ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื›ื™ ื‘ื•ืฉืฉ ืžืฉื”), ื”ื› ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžื—ื ื” ื•ืœืงืจืืช ืกื•ืฃ ืž’ ื™ื•ื ืœืœื›ืช ืœืฉื, ืœืงื‘ืœ ืคื ื™ ืžืฉื”. ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื•ื, ื‘ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื ืืžืจ ืœื ื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืื•ื”ืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื–ืืช ืžืขืœื” ื‘ืขืœืžื ืืœื ื–ืืช ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืžื”ื•ืชื•, ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื™ื™ื “ืœื ื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืื•ื”ืœ”, ื›ืฉื”ืื•ื”ืœ ืื™ื ื ื•. ืžืฉื” ืขืœื” ืœืžืจื•ื, ืื ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื™ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืžื—ื ื” ื™ื•ืฆื ื”ื•ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืื•ื”ืœ, ื•ืจืง ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžื—ื ื” ื•ืžืฆืคื” ืœืžืฉื” ืื™ืžืชื™ ื™ื‘ื•ื, ืขื•ืžื“ ื”ื•ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ื‘”ืคื” ืคืขื•ืจ” ืžืžืชื™ืŸ ืœืžืฉื”, ืื–ื™ ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ืœื ื™ืžื™ืฉ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืื•ื”ืœ ื’ื ื›ืฉื”ืื•ื”ืœ ืื™ื ื ื•.

ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื›ื–ื• ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื‘ื™ื””ื–, ืื ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืคืฉ, ืฉืœ ื”ืคืกืงื”, ืื–ื™ ื”ื™ื ืขื–ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื—”ื• “ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ืืขื–ื‘ืš”. ืื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช “ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื•ืžืฆืคื””, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืขื–ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืื™ืชื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ืื ืชืขื–ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ืืขื–ื‘ืš, ืžืฉืœ ืœืฉื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืื—ื“ ืžื˜ื‘ืจื™ื” ื•ืื—ื“ ืžืฆืคื•ืจื™, ื•ืคื’ืขื• ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื”, ืœื ื”ืกืคื™ืงื• ืœืคืจื•ืฉ ื–ื” ืžื–ื” ืขื“ ืฉื”ืœืš ื–ื” ืžื™ืœ ื•ื–ื” ืžื™ืœ, ื ืžืฆืื• ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ื–ื” ืžื–ื” ืฉื ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื‘ื“ื•ืงื ื ืงื˜ื• ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฆื“ ืื—ืจ, ื•ื ืžืฆื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืคื ื” ืืช ื’ื‘ื• ืœื—ื‘ืจื•, ื•ื–ื” ืืžื ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช “ืขื–ื™ื‘ื””, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืื—ื•ืจื™ื• ื•ืคื ื™ื• ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• “ืขื–ื™ื‘ื””, ื•ืื– ืืฃ ื“ื”ื•ื ืžืชืจื—ืง ืžื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ืื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืžืชืจื—ืง ืžืžื ื•.

ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืคื•ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืฉื, ืžืฉืœ ืœืืฉื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืžืžืชื ืช ืœืื™ืฉ, ื›”ื– ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื“ืขืชื• ืœื”ื™ื ืฉื ืœื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืžืžืชื ืช ืœื•, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืคืœื™ื’ ื“ืขืชื• ืžืžื ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื ื™ืฉืืช ืœืื—ืจ, [ื•ืจ”ืœ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืœื• ืžื” ืฉื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ื™ืชืŸ ื“ืขืชื• ืขืœื™ื”, ื•ืืฃ ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ื–ื‘ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขื•ื–ื‘ืชื•, ื•ืงืฉื” ืžืื“ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื” ืืœื™ื•],ย  ื”ืจื™ ืœื”ื“ื™ื ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืฉื”ืขื–ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื “ื”ืคืœื’ืช ื”ื“ืขืช ืžืžื ื””, ื•ื›”ื– ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื•ืžืฆืคื” ืœื”, ืืข”ื’ ื“ื”ื•ื ืจื—ื•ืง ืžืžื ื”ย  ืืฃ ื”ื™ื ืžืžืชื ืช ืœื•, ื•ื”ืŸ ื”ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•, ืื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช “ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื•ืžืฆืคื”” ืœื–ืžืŸ ื”ืืœื•ืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ืขื–ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื” “ืžืžืชื ืช” ืœื• ืขื“ ืฉื™ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืชื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื‘ืืœื•ืœ.

ื•ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื›ื””ื’ ื‘ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ืœ”ื“ ื‘’ ื›ืœ ืฉืฉื”ืชื” ืื—ืจ ื‘ืขืœื” ื™’ ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ ืื™ื ื” ืžืชืขื‘ืจืช, ื•ืืžืจื• ืฉื ื‘ืืฉืช ืจื‘ื, ืฉืฉื”ืชื” ื™’ ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื™ืชืช ืจืžื‘”ื— ื•ืืขืค”ื› ื ืชืขื‘ืจื” “ืื ื ื“ืขืชืื™ ืขืœืš ื”ื•ืื™”, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืื ื“ืขืชื” ืœื”ื ืฉื ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ืคืกืง. ืขืœ ื”ื ืืžืจ ื™ืฉืฉื›ืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ ื’ืจื ืจื•ื‘ืฅ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคืชื™ื, ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืžื‘ืืจื™ื ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื•ืก ืœื—ืžื•ืจ, ืกื•ืก ื›ืฉื ื— ืžื•ืจื™ื“ื™ื ืžืžื ื• ืืช ื”ืื•ื›ืฃ ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืชืจื•ืฆืฅ ืœื”ื ืืชื•, ืžืฉื”ื› ื—ืžื•ืจ “ืจื•ื‘ืฅ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคืชื™ื” ืขื ื”ืขื•ืœ ืฉืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ื•, ืื™ื ื• ื–ื•ืจืง ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœ ื’ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืžื ื•ื—ืชื•.

ื’) ืืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื•ื‘ืžื˜ืจื”, ืฉืชื”ื ืœืฉื ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืืœื•ืœ, ื•ื–ื”ื• “ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ืš ื“ืขื”ื•”, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืฉื ื™ื ื• (ืื‘ื•ืช ืค”ื‘ ืžื™”ื‘) ื•ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื™ืš ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื.

ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืฉื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœ ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื›ืžืฉ”ื› ื”ืจืžื‘”ื ืค”ื’ ื“ืขื•ืช ื””ื‘, ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืื“ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื• ื•ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื›ื•ืœื• ืœื™ื“ืข ืืช ื”ืฉื™”ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ื™ื”ื ืฉื‘ืชื• ื•ืงื•ืžื• ื•ื“ื‘ื•ืจื• ื”ื›ืœ ืœืืžืช ื–ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื›ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ืชืŸ ืื• ื™ืขืฉื” ืžืœืื›ื” ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืฉื›ืจ, ืœื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืœื‘ื• ืœืงื‘ื•ืฅ ืžืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืืœื ื™ืขืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžืฆื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื ื•ื›ื•’, ื•ืฉื ื””ื’ ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืขืฆืžื• ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ื•ื›ื•’ ื™ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืœื‘ื• ืฉื™ื”ื ื’ื•ืคื• ืฉืœื ื•ื—ื–ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื ืคืฉื• ื™ืฉืจื” ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื”’, ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืฉืชื›ืœ ื‘ื—ื›ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื ืจืขื‘ ื•ื—ื•ืœื”, ืื• ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ื‘ืจื™ื• ื›ื•ืื‘ ื•ื›ื•’, ื ืžืฆื ื”ืžื”ืœืš ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืืช ื”’ ืชืžื™ื“ ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื ื•ืฉื ื•ื ื•ืชืŸ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขืœ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžืฆื ืฆืจื›ื™ื• ืขื“ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื’ื•ืคื• ืฉืœื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืืช ื”’, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืฉืŸ ืื ื™ืฉืŸ ืœื“ืขืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื ื•ื— ื“ืขืชื• ืขืœื™ื• ื•ื™ื ื•ื— ื’ื•ืคื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื—ืœื” ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืืช ื”’ ื•ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืœื”, ื ืžืฆืืช ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉืœื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืžืงื•ื ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื, ื•ืขืœ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืฆื•ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ืืžืจื• ื•ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื™ืš ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉืืžืจ ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ื—ื›ืžืชื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ืš ื“ืขื”ื• ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื™ืฉืจ ืื•ืจื—ื•ืชื™ืš:

ื•ื ืจืื” ืžืžืฉ”ื› ื”ืจืžื‘”ื “ื ืžืฆืืช ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉืœื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืžืงื•ื ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื”, ื“ืื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ื•ื›ื•’ ื”ื›ืฉืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”’ ืืœื ืฉื”ื™ื ืขืฆืžื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”’, ื•ืขื™’ ื‘ืžืื™ืจื™ ื‘ืคืชื™ื—ื”.

 

ื•ื”ืืจื™ืš ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืจืžื‘”ื ื‘ื—’ ืคืจืงื™ื ืค”ื” ื•ื–”ืœ: ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืื“ื ืฉื™ืฉืขื‘ื“ ื›ื—ื•ืช ื ืคืฉื• ื›ื•ืœื ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ืขืช, ื›ืคื™ ืžื” ืฉื”ืงื“ืžื ื• ื‘ืคืจืง ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื–ื”, ื•ื™ืฉื™ื ืœื ื’ื“ ืขื™ื ื™ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืื—ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉื’ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื›ืคื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื“ืขืช ืื•ืชื•, ื•ื™ืฉื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื• ื›ื•ืœืŸ, ืชื ื•ืขื•ืชื™ื•, ืžื ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืœื–ื• ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช, ืขื“ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืคื•ืขืœ ื”ื”ื‘ืœ, ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ, ืคื•ืขืœ ืฉืœื ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืœ ื–ืืช ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช, ื•ื”ืžืฉืœ ื‘ื•, ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื”ื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ืื›ื™ืœืชื•, ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ืชื•, ืžืฉื’ืœื•, ืฉื ืชื•, ื™ืงื™ืฆืชื•, ืชื ื•ืขืชื• ื•ืžื ื•ื—ืชื• ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื• ืœื‘ื“, ื•ื”ื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื•, ืฉืชืžืฆื ื”ื ืคืฉ ื›ืœื™ื” ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ื•ืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืงื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื•ืช ื•ืœืงื ื•ืช ืžืขืœื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื•ืช ื•ืžืขืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ื•ืช, ืขื“ ืฉื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื”ื™ื, ื•ืขืœ ื–ื” ื”ื”ื™ืงืฉ ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืื– ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืืœ ื”ื”ื ืื” ืœื‘ื“ ืขื“ ืฉื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืžืฉืชื” ื”ืขืจื‘, ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœ, ื•ื›ืฉื™ื–ื“ืžืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืจื‘ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื•ื›ืฉื™ื–ื“ืžืŸ – ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืขืจื‘ – ื™ื”ื™ื”, ืื• ื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืืœ ื”ืขืจื‘ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื›ืžืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ื›ืžื™ ืฉื—ืœืฉื” ืชืื•ื•ืชื• ืœืžืื›ืœ – ื™ืขื•ืจืจื” ื‘ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืชื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื ืคืฉ ื”ืื“ื ืžืชืื•ื•ื” ืœื”ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื” ืขืœื™ื• ืžืจื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื” – ื™ืกื™ืจื” ื‘ืฉืžื™ืขืช ื”ื ื’ื•ื ื™ื, ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ ื–ืžืจ, ื‘ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื”ื’ื ื•ืช, ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื ืื™ื, ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื”ื ืžืžื” ืฉื™ืจื—ื™ื‘ ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื™ืกื™ืจ ื—ื•ืœื™ ื”ืžืจื” ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ืžืžื ื•. ื•ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืฉื™ื‘ืจื™ื ื’ื•ืคื• ื•ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื• ืœืงื ื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืฉื™ืชืขืกืง ืœืงื ื•ืช ืžืžื•ืŸ, ืชื”ื™ื” ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื• ืฉื™ื•ืฆื™ืื• ื‘ืžืขืœื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืžืฆื™ืื”ื• ืœื—ื•ืฉื™ ื’ื•ืคื• ื•ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื• ืขื“ ืฉื™ืฉื™ื’ ื•ื™ื“ืข ืžื”ืฉื ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ืžื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ืขืชื•:

ื•ืขื™’ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”’ ื—”ื ืค”ื“ ืื•ืช ื’’ ื•ืื™ืœืš, ื•ืฉื ืื•ืช ื–’ ืฉื–ื• ื’”ื› ื‘ืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืื ื”ื ื ืขืฉื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื‘ื•ืจืื•, ื”ื ื” ื‘ื”ื ืขืฆืžื ืงื•ื ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ื›ื“ืจืš ืฉืงื•ื ื” ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืŸ, ื›ื™ ื’ื ื–ื” ืžืฆื•ื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ื’ื•ืคื ื• ื‘ื”ื›ื ื” ื”ื’ื•ื ื” ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื• ืืช ื‘ื•ืจืื ื• ื•ื›ื•’.

ื•ื‘ืคืœื ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืื•ืช ื˜’ ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื›’ ื›ื™ ื’ื ื–ื” ื™ืฆืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืื ื•ืฉ ื•ื›ื•’ ื•ืงืฆืช ืžืฆื•ื” ืœื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื™ืฉ ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืœื” ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ ื”ืžืจื” ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื”, ืื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฆื•ื‘ ื•ืœื‘ื• ืื˜ื•ื, ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคืขื ื‘ื™ื•ื‘ืœ, ืขื ื‘’ ืื• ื’’ ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ื›ื•’ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ื”ื ืœื‘ื• ืจื—ื‘ ,ื•ืžื™ื“ ื™ืงืจื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืฉืชื“ืœ ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืืช ื‘ื•ืจืื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืžื” ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื›ื•’.

ื“) ื•ืื ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืขืœ ืื—ืช ื›ื•”ื› ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืจืง ืฉื–ื”ื• ืงื™ื•ืžื”, ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื”ืชื—ื–ืง ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืืœื•ืœ ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”.

ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘’ ืžืฆื•ืช ื‘ืช”ืช, ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ื ืœืžื“ ืžืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ื”ื’ื™ืช ื•ื’ื•’, ื•ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื ืœืžื“ ืžืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ืฉื ื ืชื ื•ื’ื•’. ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”’ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ืื—ื“. ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืœื“ืขืช ืชื•ืจืช ื”’, ืžื”ื•ืช ื•ืฉื ื ืชื, ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืžื—ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื‘ืคื™ืš, ืฉืื ื™ืฉืืœืš ืื“ื ื“ื‘ืจ, ืืœ ืชื’ืžื’ื ื•ืชืืžืจ ืœื•, ืืœื ืืžื•ืจ ืœื• ืžื™ื“ (ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืœ’ ื’)ย  ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืกืชื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ืžื” ืงื•ื“ื, ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ืื•ืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืกื™’ ื›”ื–, ื›ื™ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“, ื”ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืœื™ืœืš ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืขื™ืจ ืœื—ืคืฉ ืื—ืจ ืจื‘ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืžื ื• ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“, ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื‘ืœื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ ืขืœ ืขื™ืชื•ืช ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื•ืฉื™ื ื”, ืžื” ืฉื ื—ื•ืฅ ืœื• ืœืคื™ ื˜ื‘ืขื•, ืฉื™ื”ื™’ ืื—”ื› ื“ืขืชื• ืฆืœื•ืœื” ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืžืง ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ, ืืฉืจ ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืขื ื™ืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื™ืขื•”ืฉ ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” [ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื”ื ”ืœ] ื“ื•ื—ื” ืžืฆื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

ื ืžืฆื ืฉืื ื ืฆืจืš ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื™ื””ื– ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื›ื— ื”ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืจื™ ื ื“ื—ื” ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืžืฉ”ื› ื”ื’ืจื™”ืก, ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ืœื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ ืขืœ ืขื™ืชื•ืช ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื•ืฉื™ื ื”, ืžื” ืฉื ื—ื•ืฅ ืœื• ืœืคื™ ื˜ื‘ืขื•, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™’ ืื—”ื› ื“ืขืชื• ืฆืœื•ืœื” ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืžืง ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ.

ื”) ื’ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื‘ื™ื””ื–. ืฉื›ืŸ ืืฃ ืื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืจืื•ื™ื”, ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื ื–ืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืกืง ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืื“ื, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ืืืžื•”ืจ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจ ืžืืžืจ ืก”ื˜,ย  ื‘ื ื•ืจืื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื”ื’ ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ื‘ืฉื•ื‘ื• ืœื‘ื™ืชื• ืœืื—ืจ ื™”ื‘ ืฉื ื” ืฉืœืžื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืœืคื ื™ ืจ’ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื•ืจ’ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข, “ืฉืžืข ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืชื• ื“ืงืืžืจ ืœื” ื—ื“ ืจืฉืข ืœื“ื‘ื™ืชื”ื• ื•ื›ื•’, ืืžืจื” ืœื™’ ืื™ ืฆืื™ืช ืœื“ื™ืœื™ ืœื™ื”ื•ื™ ืชืจืชื™ ืกืจื™ ืฉื ื™ืŸ ืื—ืจื ื™ื™ืชื, ืืžืจ ืจ’ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื™ื”ื‘ื” ืœื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ืื™ื”ื“ืจ ืœืื—ื•ืจื™, ื”ื“ืจ ืื–ืœ ื”ื•ื” ืชืจืชื™ ืกืจื™ ืฉื ื™ืŸ ืื—ืจื ื™ื™ืชื”. (ื ื“ืจื™ื ื  ื’). ื•ืงืฉื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื”ื•ืœืžื, ืœืื—ืจ ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื™”ื‘ ืฉื ื” ืžืืฉืชื• ืฉืขื–ื‘ื” ื—ื™ื™ ืขื•ืฉืจ ื•ื”ืœื›ื” ืื—ืจื™ื• ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ ื•ื‘ืžืฆื•ืงื”, ืœืžื” ืœื ื ื›ื ืก ืœืจื’ืข ืงื˜ ืœืฉืžื— ืืช ืœื‘ื”, ื•ื”ืจื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื ื•ื“ืข ืœื• ืฉืœื ืชืขื›ื‘ื ื• ืžืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืชื•ืจืชื• ืขื•ื“ ื™”ื‘ ืฉื ื”, ื•ืื™ื” ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘. (ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจ ืจ”ืข ืื—”ื› “ืฉืœื™ ื•ืฉืœื›ื ืฉืœื” ื”ื•ื”). ืืœื ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ื™ืŸ ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›ื™ ื™ื“ื•ืข ื™ื“ืข ืจ’ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ืืช ื”ืกื›ื ื” ื”ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกื” ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”, ื•ืืคื™’ ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืจื’ืข ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืžื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื“ื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื• ื›ืœ ื™”ื‘ ืฉื ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืคืกืง ื›ืœ ื“ื”ื• ื’ื•ืจื ืœื™ืจื™ื“ื”. ื•ื™ื“ื•ืข ืžื” ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ืืืžื•”ืจ ื–ืฆ”ืœ (ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจ ืžืืžืจ ืฆ’) ื‘ื˜ืขื ืฉืœื ื ื›ื ืก ืจ”ืข ืœื‘ื™ืชื•, ื›ื™ ืื™ื ื• ื“ื•ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื ืœืฉื ื™ ื—ืฆืื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ืืฃ ืฉื›”ื“ ืฉื ื” ื”ื ื™”ื‘ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื™”ื‘, ืž”ืž ื›”ื“ ืฉื ื” ื”ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืื—ืจืช ืœื’ืžืจื™, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘’ ืคืขืžื™ื ื™”ื‘ ืฉื•ื™ื ืœื›”ื“, ื•ืžื” ืฉื–ื›ื” ืจ”ืข ืข”ื™ ื›”ื“ ืฉื ื”, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื–ื•ื›ื” ืข”ื™ ื™”ื‘ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื™”ื‘, ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืื ื”ื™ื” ื ื›ื ืก ืืช ืœืฉืขื” ืžื•ืขื˜ืช, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื›”ื“ ืฉื ื”, ืืœื ื™”ื‘ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื™”ื‘.

ื•ื›ื” ื”ืžืฉื™ืœื• ืœืžื™ ืฉืžื—ืžื ื›ืœื™ ืขื ืžื™ื ื•ืงื•ื“ื ืฉืจืชื—ื• ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื•ืจื™ื“ื• ืžืขืœ ื”ืืฉ, ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืฉื” ื›ืŸ ืœืžื—ืจ, ื•ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืื—”ื› ืฉืืขืค”ื› ืฉื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ื— ื•ื—ื•ื, ืœื ืขืฉื” ื•ืœื ื›ืœื•ื, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื”ืคืกืงื•ืช ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืข.

ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืœื–ื” ื“ืจื›ื™ื. ืข”ื™ ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืขื™ืชื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื–ื”, ืฉื–ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื ื”ืคืกืง (ื•ืžืœื‘ื“ ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื ืฆืจืš), ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืงื‘ืขื• ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืจืืฉื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื›”ื ื™ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื.

ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ื“ืื™ ืžืื“ ืฉื™ื”ื ืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื’ื ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ื›ื•’, ื•ืข”ื– ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืขื•ื–ื‘ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืื ืชืขื–ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื•ื›ื•’ [ืจืฉ”ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™”ื ื™”ื’], ื›ืœ ืฉื“ืขืชื• ืข”ื– ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ืขื–ื™ื‘ื”.

ื•ืขื™”ื– ื™ื”ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื›ื ื” ืœื™ืžื™ ื”ืืœื•ืœ.

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Wahrsager, Harav Hagaon Meir Shlita

Nechamah: Changing Perspective

Parashas Vaโ€™eschanan / Shabbos Nachamu

Harav Hagaon Rabbi Wahrsager Shlita

 

Right after Tisha B’Av we have Shabbos Nachamu. This progression was established by Chazal, as Tosafos (Megillah 31b) cites the Pesiktaโ€™s teaching that Chazal instituted that after the three haftaros of puranuyos that we read during the Three Weeks come the seven haftaros of nechamah, followed by Aseres Yemei Teshuvah and Shabbos Shuvah.

But where does this nechamah come from, considering that weโ€™re still in galus? And why does it start right after Tisha B’Av?

Although the true nechamah is going to come only leโ€™asid lavo, at the time of Moshiach, the fact that Chazal instituted the reading of these haftaros of nechamah obviously indicates that we can taste the nechamah already now. And the message is clear: after a Tisha B’Av, after we experienced aveilus and felt how badly weโ€™re missing the Beis Hamikdash, now is when we have a little bit of a connection to the nechamah. This is alluded to in the passuk in Eichah (3:29): ื™ึดืชึผึตืŸ ื‘ึผึถืขึธืคึธืจ ืคึผึดื™ื”ื•ึผ ืื•ึผืœึทื™ ื™ึตืฉื ืชึผึดืงึฐื•ึธื” โ€“ when we sit on the floor in mourning, when we see that we canโ€™t go further and we desperately need the Beis Hamikdash, then we have a ray of hope.

Iโ€™d like to try to understand the idea of nechamah in the Torah and specifically the nechamah of ื ึทื—ึฒืžื•ึผ ื ึทื—ึฒืžื•ึผ ืขึทืžึผึดื™.

Rashi makes an astounding statement at the end of Parashas Bereishis, commenting on the passuk: ื•ึทื™ึผึดื ึผึธื—ึถื ื”’ ื›ึผึดื™ ืขึธืฉื‚ึธื” ืึถืช ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื ื‘ึผึธืึธืจึถืฅ. Before the Mabul, Hakadosh Baruch Hu regretted, so to speak, having created man. Rashi explains that the word ื•ึทื™ึผึดื ึผึธื—ึถื means: ื ื”ืคื›ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ื ืžืžื“ืช ืจื—ืžื™ื ืœืžื“ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ โ€“ Hakadosh Baruch Hu โ€œchanged His mindโ€ about having created the world with middas harachamim and His thoughts turned to middas hadin. Rashi brings many examples of pesukim that mention nechamah and says: ื›ื•ืœื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืื—ืจืช ื”ื.

We see from Rashi that the idea of nechamah, whenever itโ€™s used in the Torah, implies a change of perspective. At the time when something happened, it was experienced in a certain way, it had a certain flavor, but later there was a change in perspective regarding what happened. Thatโ€™s a nechamah.

Nechamah in the sense of consolation means looking back at a bad event, a tzarah, and seeing it in a different way. Nechamah is not only a promise that good times are going to come, but rather a way of changing perspective on what already happened.

A Motherโ€™s Consolation

The nechamah after Tisha B’Av is not only the belief that Moshiach is going to come; itโ€™s the newfound ability to view the terrible tzaros of the galus, all of the bechiyah lโ€™doros, and see them, retroactively, in a positive light. Hakadosh Baruch Hu is telling us, โ€œIโ€™m going to show you how it was all for the good, because it was all part of whatโ€™s bringing about My connection to you and what was necessary for the geulah sheleimah.โ€

In order for our connection with Hakadosh Baruch Hu to be complete, itโ€™s not enough for Him to tell us that we have a bright future ahead of us. There is still a scar from the past, and the only way to remove that scar is through the process of nechamah. Nechamah has the power to erase the scar of the tzaros of the past by changing our perspective on those events. The Pesikta Rabbasi (perek 31) teaches that Hakadosh Baruch Hu is going to try to send Avraham, Yitzchak and Yaakov to console Yerushalayim and Klal Yisrael, but that is not going to work; only Hakadosh Baruch Hu bichvodo uveโ€™atzmo is going to be able to comfort Klal Yisrael. Why is that?

We can explain this according to the passuk in Yeshayah that states: ื›ึผึฐืึดื™ืฉื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึดืžึผื•ึน ืชึผึฐื ึทื—ึฒืžึถื ึผื•ึผ ื›ึผึตืŸ ืึธื ึนื›ึดื™ ืึฒื ึทื—ึถืžึฐื›ึถื ื•ึผื‘ึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทึดื ืชึผึฐื ึปื—ึธืžื•ึผ. The person who can comfort someone most effectively is a mother. When a person experiences a devastating loss, such as the loss of a loved one, people come to console him, but the mourner always feels that those people donโ€™t really understand his anguish, and he therefore canโ€™t fully accept their words of nechamah. Those people arenโ€™t living his pain, so how can they change his perspective on what happened?

The only one who can empathize with another person completely is a mother. A mother feels the pain of her child through and through โ€“ and she is therefore the only one who can offer true nechamah. She can tell her child, โ€œI feel your pain โ€“ and even so I want to give you a different perspective and help you see how this was really for the good.โ€

Hakadosh Baruch Hu is the ultimate mother. He feels every single tear, every last emotion of every Yid throughout the generations in every tzarah that they went through. Hakadosh Baruch Hu is the one who can say:ืึธื ึนื›ึดื™ ืึฒื ึทื—ึถืžึฐื›ึถื ย โ€“ I will console you.

Double Punishment; Double Consolation

To better understand the nechamah of ื ึทื—ึฒืžื•ึผ ื ึทื—ึฒืžื•ึผ ืขึทืžึผึดื™, letโ€™s refer to a well-known teaching of the Midrash (Eichah Rabbah 1:47):

ื—ื˜ืื• ื‘ื›ืคืœื™ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื—ื˜ื ื—ื˜ืื” ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื, ื•ืœืงื• ื‘ื›ืคืœื™ื, ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื›ื™ ืœืงื—ื” ืžื™ื“ ื”’ ื›ืคืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื˜ืืชื™ื”, ื•ืžืชื ื—ืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืคืœื™ื, ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื ื—ืžื• ื ื—ืžื• ืขืžื™ ื™ืืžืจ ืืœื”ื™ื›ื.

Klal Yisraelโ€™s sin was twofold, they were punished twofold, but in the end they will have a twofold nechamah. What does this mean?

In Rav Elchanan Wassermanโ€™s maamar on teshuvah in Kovetz Haaros, he explains that every cheit actually involves two aspects: besides the damage wrought by the actual cheit, thereโ€™s also the dimension of rebellion against Hakadosh Baruch Hu and the subsequent disconnection in the relationship between the sinner and Hakadosh Baruch Hu.

Our relationship with Hakadosh Baruch Hu is twofold: He is Avinu and Malkeinu, we are both banim to Him and avadim, as we say during the Yamim Noraโ€™im: ืื ื›ื‘ื ื™ื ืื ื›ืขื‘ื“ื™ื. In our role as avadim, we need to keep Hakadosh Baruch Huโ€™s โ€œbusinessโ€ going, so to speak, by performing ratzon Hashem, being mekadesh Shem Shomayim, and doing the mitzvos that keep this world afloat. In our role as banim, however, itโ€™s all about the relationship. Itโ€™s not a business partnership; itโ€™s a relationship of love. As banim, we do his ratzon purely to maintain our kesher.

When the passuk uses the double lashon of ื—ึตื˜ึฐื ื—ึธื˜ึฐืึธื” ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทึดื, itโ€™s referring to the twofold problem of cheit: the damage caused by the cheit and the damage to our relationship with our Father in Heaven. Those two aspects are reflected in the double punishment: ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึธืงึฐื—ึธื” ืžึดื™ึผึทื“ ื”’ ื›ึผึดืคึฐืœึทื™ึดื ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ื—ึทื˜ึผึนืืชึถื™ื”ึธ. When Hakadosh Baruch Hu has to punish us by sending us into galus, we suffer not only from the actual hardship that we experience, but also from the feeling of being banished by Hashem. And the anguish of that disconnection and hester panim is perhaps even worse than the trials and tribulations themselves. We were not just punished by a distant king; we were struck by our loving Father and forsaken by Him.

When a husband gives his wife a get, besides the fact that she is no longer receiving his support, she feels the pain of the relationship being severed. Thatโ€™s the double punishment we received.

The double nechamah of ื ึทื—ึฒืžื•ึผ ื ึทื—ึฒืžื•ึผ ืขึทืžึผึดื™ addresses both dimensions of the punishment. Not only will Hakadosh Baruch Hu show us that all the tzaros and anguish were for our benefit, He will also show us that the very disconnection served to enhance our relationship. As avadim, we will then be better able to perform Hashemโ€™s mitzvos and sanctify His Name, and as banim, we will be even closer to Him. That is our double consolation.

We say in Kaddish: ืœืขื™ืœื ืžื›ืœ ื‘ืจื›ืชื ื•ืฉื™ืจืชื ืชื•ืฉื‘ืชื ื•ื ื—ืžืชื. What does it mean that Hakadosh Baruch Hu is โ€œloftier than any consolation (ื ื—ืžืชื)โ€?

The nechamah of Hakadosh Baruch Hu is in a totally different league from any other nechamah in this world. Every other nechamah involves a question and an answer โ€“

โ€“ a terrible problem whose purpose can now be explained and retroactively understood. Yet Hakadosh Baruch Huโ€™s nechamah uproots the question entirely. When He eventually comforts us, we will no longer feel that there was ever a problem; our questions will disappear and melt away entirely, since it will be clear that the hardships of galus served to enhance our ability to serve Hashem as avadim and deepen and cement our connection to Him as banim.

May we be zocheh to start feeling this nechamah now, and experience the complete nechamah speedily in our days.

Gut Shabbos.

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