BereishisVayishlach

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•

Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Sar haTorah Hagaon Harav Chaim Shmulevitz, ztโ€l

ื•ื™ื™ืจื ื™ืขืงื‘ ืžืื“ ื•ื™ืฆืจ ืœื• (ืœื‘, ื—)
ืจื‘ ื”ื•ื ื ืคืชื—ย “ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืื–ื ื™ ื›ืœื‘ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืžืชืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืจื™ื‘ ืœึนื ืœื•” (ืžืฉืœื™ ื›ื•,ื™ื–), ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ืจ ื ื—ืžืŸ ืืžืจ ืžืฉืœ ืœืืจื›ื™ ืœืกื˜ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื, ืขื‘ืจ ื—ื“ย ื•ืฉืจื™ ืžืขื™ืจ ืœื™ื”,ย ื”ืœ ืงื•ื ืœืš ื“ื‘ื™ืฉื ืฉื›ื™ื— ื”ื›ื (ื”ื—ืœ ืœืขื•ืจืจื• ืžืฉื ืชื• ื•ืืžืจ ืœื• ืงื•ื ืœืš ืฉื”ืจืขื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื” ื›ืืŸ), ืงื ื•ืฉืจื™ ืžืงืคื— ื‘ื™ื” (ืงื ื”ืœืกื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ืœ ืœื”ื›ื•ืชื•), ื”ืœ ื ื™ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืฉื (ืงื ื”ืจืข?), ื”ืœ ื“ืžื™ืš ื”ื•ื” ื•ืขื•ืจืจืชื ื™ื” (ืขื ื” ืœื•: ื”ื•ื ื™ืฉืŸ ื•ืืชื” ืขื•ืจืจืช ืื•ืชื•). ื›ืš ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืงื‘”ื” (ืœื™ืขืงื‘) ืœื“ืจื›ื• ื”ื™ื” ืžื”ืœืš ื•ืืชื” ืžืฉืœื— ืืฆืœื• ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืœื• “ื›ื” ืืžืจ ืขื‘ื“ืš ื™ืขืงื‘” (ื‘ืจ”ืจ ืขื”, ื’).

ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฆ”ื‘: ืžื“ื•ืข ื ืงืจื ื™ืขืงื‘ “ืžืชืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืจื™ื‘ ืœื ืœื•”, ื”ืจื™ ืขืฉื™ื• ืจื‘ ืืชื• ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื‘ืจื— ืœื—ืจืŸ? ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ: ื”ืจื™ ื›ืขืช ื”ื•ืœืš ืขืฉื™ื• ืœืงืจืืชื• ืขื ืืจื‘ืข ืžืื•ืช ืื™ืฉ ืขืžื•, ื•ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืชื—ืชื™ื• ืืจื‘ืข ืžืื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื, ื”ื› ืžื” ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉืคื—ื“ ืžืžื ื• ื•ืฉืœื— ืžืœืื›ื™ื?

ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™ ืฉื””ืช ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืžื•ืืœื‘ื™ืฅ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื”: ืžื›ืืŸ ืœืžื“ื™ื ืื ื• ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ. ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืฉื ืจืื” ืฉืขืชื™ื“ื” ืœื‘ื•ื ืฆืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืชืงืจื‘ืช, ืืš ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืื“ื ืœื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืงื‘”ื”, ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืืจื›ื™ ืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืฉืŸ.

ื•ื”ืื“ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ื‘ื•ื˜ื— ื‘ืงื‘”ื” ื•ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ืžื ืข ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืืช ื”ืฆืจื” ืžืœื‘ื•ื, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื “ืžืชืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืจื™ื‘ ืœื ืœื•”, ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืืช ื”ืฆืจื” ื—”ื•.

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื

Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Sar haTorah Hagaon Harav Chaim Shmulevitz, ztโ€l

ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื
ื™ื“ื•ืข ื•ืžืคื•ืจืกื ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืžืจื˜ื™ื˜ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ืณืณืช ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืžื•ืืœื‘ื™ืฅ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื• ื‘ืงื‘ืจ ืจื—ืœ, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืขื ืจื—ืœ ืืžื ื• ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžืžื ื”: ืณืณื”ืงื‘ืณืณื” ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืžืžืš ืžื ืขื™ ืงื•ืœืš ืžื‘ื›ื™, ืื•ืœื ืื ื™, ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื ืš, ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืžืžืš ืืœ ืชืคืกื™ืงื™ ืœื‘ื›ื•ืช”.

ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชืŸ ืฆื‘ื™ ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืจื‘ื” ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื–ื”, ืื•ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืชื—ื™ืœืชื•:

ืจื””ื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื” ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื, ืื—ื“ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืืœื™ื• ื•ื”ืฆื™ืข ืœืงื—ืช ืื•ืชื•

ื‘ืจื›ื‘ื• ืœืงื‘ืจ ืจื—ืœ. ืจื””ื™ ืจืฆื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœื™ืกื•ืข ืขื ืื•ืชื• ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™, ืื•ืœื ืชื’ื•ื‘ืชื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ืช. ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื™ื” ืœื—ืคืฉ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื•ื›ืŸ ืืกื™ืžื•ืŸ (ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืื™ืชื• ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™), ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืœืจื‘ื ื™ืช, ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืืช ืจืฉื•ืชื” ืœื ืกื™ืขื” ื•ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ืชื“ืื’ ืžื›ืš ืฉืจื””ื™ ืžืื—ืจ ืœืฉื•ื‘.

ืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™ ื”ื’ืจื ”ืฆ ื”ื™ื” ืžืกื™ื™ื ื•ืื•ืžืจ: “ื›ื•ืœื ืžืชืคืขืœื™ื ืžืœื‘ ื”ืืจื™ ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื, ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืืช ื‘ืงืฉืชื• ืžืจื—ืœ ืืžื ื• ืžืขื•ืžืง ื”ืœื‘ ื›ื‘ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืืžื•, ืืš ืื ื™ ืžืชืคืขืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืš ืฉื”ื’ืจ”ื— ืœื ืฉื›ื— ืืช ืžื” ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ื ืจืื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ืžื” ื‘ื›ืš, ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืœืจื‘ื ื™ืช ื•ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืœืจื’ืข ืœื ืชื“ืื’ ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืื™ื—ื•ืจื•…

ืœืžื” ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™, ื›ื™ ืืช ืœื‘ ื”ืืจื™ ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ืงื•ืช, ืื•ืœื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœืœืžื•ื“. ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื ื“ืจืฉืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•, ื•ื“ืจืš ืกื•ืœื ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช.

ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืœื›ื”

Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shpitzer Shlita

ื•ื™ืฉืœื—

ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ

ื•ื™ื—ืŸ ืืช ืคื ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื•ื“ืจืฉื• ื‘ื‘”ืจ ืข”ื˜ ื•’ ื ื›ื ืก ื‘ืข”ืฉ ืขื ื“ืžื“ื•ืžื™ ื—ืžื” ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ื ื•ืงื‘ืข ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ื ื”ื“ื ืืžืจืช ืฉืฉืžืจ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ.

(ื•ืข”ืข ืฉื‘ืช ืงื™”ื— ืข”ื‘ ืขื””ืค ืื– ืชืชืขื ื’ ืขืœ ื”’ ื•ื”ืื›ืœืชื™ืš ื ื—ืœืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ืš, ื•ืงืื™ ืขืœ ืฉืžื™ืจืช ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื ื—ืœืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉื™ืจืฉ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื ื‘ืžื“ื”. ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘”ืจ ื™”ื ื–’ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื• ืฉืžื™ืจืช ืฉื‘ืช ื™ืจืฉ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืžื“ื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ืงื•ื ื”ืชื”ืœืš ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ื›ื•’ ืื‘ืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื• ืฉืžื™ืจืช ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ื™ื—ืŸ ืืช ืคื ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ, ื ื›ื ืก ื‘ืข”ืฉ ืขื ื“ืžื“ื•ืžื™ ื—ืžื” ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ื ื•ืงื‘ืข ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ื, ื™ืจืฉ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื ื‘ืžื“ื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ื”ื™ื” ื–ืจืขืš ื›ืขืคืจ ื”ืืจืฅ).

ื•ืข”ืฉ ื‘ื™ืคื” ืชื•ืืจ ืฉืคื™’ ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืžื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืคื ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืœื ื ื›ื ืก ืœืขื™ืจ ื•ืืžืื™ ืžื’ืœื” ืœืŸ ืงืจื ื•ืข”ื› ืžืฉื•ื ืชื—ื•ื, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืคื™’ ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืžื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืคื ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื•ืœื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื•ืข”ื› ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืคื ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื•ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืš ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืขื™ืจ.

ื•ืข”ืข ืžืฉืš ื—ื›ืžื” ืฉืคื™’ ื“ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ืžื“ืชื• ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื™ืจ ื•ืœื ื—ื ื” ืจืง ืคื ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื•ืœื ื”ืœืš ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืชื—ื•ื ืืฃ ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื™ืจ ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืืข”ื’ ื“ืœืŸ ื‘ื” ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืœื ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืื•ื™ืจ ืžื—ื™ืฆื•ืช ืžื‘ืขื•”ื™ ื•ื–ื” ืฉื ื›ื ืก ืขื ื“ืžื“ื•ืžื™ ื—ืžื”.

ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืœืคื™ ื™ืคื” ืชื•ืืจ ื“ื‘ืืžืช ืœื ื ื›ื ืก ืœืขื™ืจ ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžืจื•ื—ืง ืžื”ืขื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื™ืœ (ื•ื“ืœื ื›ืžืฉืš ื—ื›ืžื”) ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืชื” ื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืœื™ ืคืช ื•ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ื›ื ืก ืœืขื™ืจ, ื•ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืฉื•”ืข ืช”ื˜ ื™”ื. ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื ื™ืžื ื“ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื›ืจ”ืข ื“ืชื—ื•ื ืืœืคื™ื ืžื””ืช ื”ืจื™ ืž”ืž ื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื”ืจืžื‘”ืŸ ื‘ืขืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™”ื– ื“ืœืจ”ืข ื’”ื› ืžื”ื ื™ ืขื™ืจื•ื‘.

ืžื™ื”ื• ืข”ืฉ ื‘ืจืžื‘”ืŸ ืฉืคื™’ ื”ื˜ืขื ืžืฉื•ื ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืฉื” ืžืกื™ื ื™ ืื• ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ืŸ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื“ืขืชื• ื‘ื›ืืŸ ื•ืืžืจ ืชื”ื ืฉื‘ื™ืชืชื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืคืœื•ื ื™ ืขืฉืื• ื‘ื™ืชื• ื•ืžืฉื ืื ื™ ืงื•ืจื ืืœ ื™ืฆื ืื™ืฉ ืžืžืงื•ืžื•. ืื›ืŸ ื‘ืื•”ืฉ ืคื›”ื– ืžืฉื‘ืช ื›ืชื‘ ื“ืžื”ื ื™ ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ื’ื ืœืจ”ืข ื›ื™ ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืœื™ืœืš ืœืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื•ื”ืจื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื“’ ืืœืคื™ื ืืžื•ืช ืœื–ื•ื– ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื› ืžืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื™ืœืš ืœืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื“’ ืืœืคื™ื ืืžื•ืช. ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืœืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื™”ืœ ื“ื›”ื– ืื—ืจ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืืžืช ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื•ื”ื› ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืš ืืฆืœื• ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžื””ืช ืฉืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ ืœืจ”ืข, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ืขืฉื” ื™ืขืงื‘ ืขื™ืจื•ื‘.

ื”ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ืขืฉื™ื• - ืœื‘ืจื•ื— ื•ืœื”ื ืฆืœ

Moreinu Hagaon Harav Nachman Levovitz Shlita

“ื•ื™ืฉืœื— ื™ืขืงื‘ ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืืœ ืขืฉื™ื• ืื—ื™ื•” ื•ื’ื•’ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœ”ื‘ ื“’). ื•ื‘ืจืžื‘”ืŸ ืคื™ืจืฉ ืคืจืฉืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ืขืฉื™ื•, ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ื” ืคืจืฉื” ื”ื–ืืช ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื›ื™ ื”ืฆื™ืœ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืืช ืขื‘ื“ื• ื•ื’ืืœื• ืžื™ื“ ื—ื–ืง ืžืžื ื•, ื•ื™ืฉืœื— ืžืœืืš ื•ื™ืฆื™ืœื”ื•. ื•ืœืœืžื“ื ื• ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœื ื‘ื˜ื— ื‘ืฆื“ืงืชื• ื•ื”ืฉืชื“ืœ ื‘ื”ืฆืœื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื•.

ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืจืžื– ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืื™ืจืข ืœืื‘ื™ื ื• ืขื ืขืฉื™ื• ืื—ื™ื• ื™ืืจืข ืœื ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ืขื ื‘ื ื™ ืขืฉื™ื•, ื•ืจืื•ื™ ืœื ื• ืœืื—ื•ื– ื‘ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ืฆื“ื™ืง ืฉื ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื ื• ืœืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืœืชืคื™ืœื” ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืฆืœื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืœื—ืžื”, ืœื‘ืจื•ื— ื•ืœื”ื ืฆืœ. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืจืื• ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ืจืžื– ื”ื–ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื”ืœืŸ [ื•ืฉื ื‘ื™ืืจ ืฉื–ื”ื• ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ ืขื””ืค ื•ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื—ื ื” ื”ื ืฉืืจ ืœืคืœื™ื˜ื” (ืœ”ื‘, ื˜’) ื•ื–”ืœ ื•ื’ื ื–ื” ื™ืจืžื•ื– ืฉืœื ื™ื’ื–ืจื• ืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ื ื™ ืขืฉื™ื• ืœืžื—ื•ืช ืืช ืฉืžื ื•, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืขืฉื• ื”ืจืขื•ืช ืขื ืงืฆืชื ื• ื‘ืงืฆืช ืืจืฆื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื, ืžืœืš ืื—ื“ ื’ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ืืจืฆื• ืขืœ ืžืžื•ื ื ื• ืื• ืขืœ ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื•, ื•ืžืœืš ืื—ืจ ืžืจื—ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื• ื•ืžืฆื™ืœ ื”ืคืœื˜ื™ื. ื•ื›ืš ืืžืจื• ื‘ื‘”ืจ (ืข”ื•, ื’’) ืื ื™ื‘ื•ื ืขืฉื™ื• ืืœ ื”ืžื—ื ื” ื”ืื—ืช ื•ื”ื›ื”ื• ืืœ ืื—ื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ื“ืจื•ื, ื•ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื—ื ื” ืืฉืจ ื ืฉืืจ ืœืคืœื™ื˜ื” ืืœ ืื—ื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ื’ื•ืœื”, ืจืื• ื›ื™ ื’ื ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืชืจืžื•ื– ืคืจืฉื” ื–ื•].

ื”ืจื™ ืœืŸ ืฉื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืข”ื” ืฉื”ืชื ื”ื’ ืขื ืขืฉื™ื•, ื–ื”ื• ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ืขื ืขืฉื™ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ืขื“ ื‘ื™ืืช ื’ื•ืืœ ืฆื“ืง, ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื”. ืื›ืŸ ื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืœื ื• ื”ืจืžื‘”ืŸ, ืžื”ื• ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”, ืžื”ื• ื”ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืขืฉื™ื• – “ืœื‘ืจื•ื— ื•ืœื”ื ืฆืœ”. ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื”ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื–ื•, ืฉืื ื‘ื•ืจื— ื‘ืžื” ื ื•ืฆื— ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื‘ืžื” ื ืชื™ื™ื—ื“ ื ืฆื—ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื ืจืง ื‘ืจื— ืžืขืฉื™ื•.

ืื›ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื–ื”, ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื‘ืจื•ื—, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื”ืชื ืชืง ืžืžื ื• ื ื™ืชื•ืง ื’ืžื•ืจ, ืœืœื ืฉื•ื ืงืฉืจ ื•ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื“ื”ื•, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืœื‘ื“ ืžื•ื ื— ื”ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘, ืฉืžืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืœื ืฉื•ื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขืฉื™ื•.

ื•ื–ืืช ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ืขืฉื™ื• ืฉื•ื ื ืœื™ืขืงื‘, ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืžื ืฆื— ืืช ืขืฉื™ื•, ืฉื•ื‘ ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืฉื ืืชื• ืฉืœ ืขืฉื™ื• ืœื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื• ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืžืœื—ืžื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืžืขืฉื™ื• ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ืงืฉืจ ื•ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœืœ, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืœื‘ื“ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ื›ืœ ื–ืจืขื• ืื—ืจื™ื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืœืœื ืžืœื—ืžื” ืขื ืขืฉื™ื•, ืขื“ ืฉื ื–ื›ื” ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื ื’ื•ืืœ ืฆื“ืง, ื•ืขืœื• ืžื•ืฉื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื”ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉืื– ื ื–ื›ื” ืœื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื’ืžื•ืจ, ืฉื™ืขื‘ื•ื“ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืฉืœ ืขืฉื™ื• ืœื‘ื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘.

ื•ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ื–”ืœ (ืข”ื– ื—:) ืฉื ืœื—ืžื• ืจื•ืžื™ ืขื ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉืชื™ื ืฉื ื” ื•ืœื ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ื, ืขื“ ืฉืขืฉื• ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืื– ืฉืœื—ื• ืจื•ืžื™ ืœื™ื•ื•ืŸ, ืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืขืžื›ื ืžืจื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื”, ืื‘ืœ ืขืฉื™ื• ื ืœื—ื ืขืžื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื• ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืขืžื, ื•ืžื™ ืฉื™ื ืฆื— ื™ืžืœื•ืš ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื•ืื– ืฉืืœื• ืจื•ืžื™ ืืช ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืจื’ืœื™ืช ื•ืื‘ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ืงืจื” ืžืžื ื” ืื™ื–ื” ืžื”ืŸ ื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืฉื™ืฉื‘ ืขืœื™ื•, ื•ืขื ื• ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ืช ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืื‘ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ื”. ื•ืื– ืฉืืœื• ืขื•ื“, ืื‘ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืคืš ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ืงืจื” ื”ื™ืžื ื”, ื•ืขื ื• ืœื”ื ืื‘ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืคืš. ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืืœื•, ืื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืคืš ื•ืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื• ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืคืš ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืžื ื”. ื•ืื– ืฉืœื—ื• ืœื”ื ื”ืจื•ืžืื™ื ื”ื› ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืืชื ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ื ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชื—ืชื™ื ื•, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื ื• ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื‘ืžืœื›ื•ืชื ื• ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื”ืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจื” ื ืžืฆื ืืฆืœื ื•, ื•ื›ืคื• ืืช ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื”ื. ื•ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืจื•ืžืื™ื ื ืขืฉื• ืฉืœื™ื˜ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื–ื™ืงื• ื‘ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืื—”ื› ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืชืขื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื›ืš ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื ื—ืจื‘ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ื™. ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘”ืŸ “ื•ืขืœ ื“ืขืชื• ื’ื ื–ื” ื™ืจืžื•ื– ื›ื™ ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ื ืคื™ืœืชื ื• ื‘ื™ื“ ืื“ื•ื, ื›ื™ ืžืœื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืื• ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืช ืขื ื”ืจื•ืžืื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื ืกื™ื‘ืช ื ืคื™ืœืชื ื‘ื™ื“ื”. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ืงื™ืจื‘ื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืขื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ืขืฉื™ื• ืœื ืฆื— ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื”, ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืœื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืขื ืขืฉื™ื• ืื–ื™ ื ื•ืฆื— ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื”.

ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื”ืชืจื—ืงื•ืช ืžืขืฉื™ื•, ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืจืžื‘”ืŸ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืคืจืฉื”, ืขื””ืค ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืขืฉื™ื• ืืฆื™ื’ื” ื ื ืขืžืš ืžืŸ ื”ืขื ืืฉืจ ืืชื™, ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืœืžื” ื–ื” ืืžืฆื ื—ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืื“ื•ื ื™ (ืœ”ื’, ื˜”ื•). ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ื”ืจืžื‘”ืŸ ื•ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ืขืงื‘ ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื—ืคืฅ ื‘ื”ื ื•ื‘ื—ื‘ื•ืจืชื ื›ืœืœ ื•ื›”ืฉ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื“ืขืชื• ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช. ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• (ื‘”ืจ ืข”ื—, ื˜”ื•) ืจืื• ื‘ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ืขืฆื”, ืฉืจื‘ื™ ื™ื ืื™ ื›ื“ ื”ื•ื” ืกืœื™ืง ืœืžืœื›ื•ืชื ื”ื•ื” ืžืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ื—ื“ื ืคืจืฉืชื ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื” ื ืกื™ื‘ ืขืžื™ื” ืจืžืื™ืŸ, ื—ื“ ื–ืžืŸ ืœื ืื™ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ื” ื•ื ืกื™ื‘ ืขืžื™ื” ืจื•ืžืื™ื, ื•ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืขื›ื• ืขื“ ืฉืžื›ืจื• ืคื™ื ืก ืฉืœื•, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืงื‘ืœื” ื‘ื™ื“ื ืฉื–ื• ืคืจืฉืช ื’ืœื•ืช. ื•ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื ื‘ืจื•ืžื ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ืžืœื›ื™ ืื“ื•ื ืขืœ ืขืกืงื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื”ื™ื” ืžืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื–ื• ืœืœื›ืช ืื—ืจื™ ืขืฆืช ื”ื–ืงืŸ ื”ื—ื›ื, ื›ื™ ืžืžื ื• ื™ืจืื• ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ืขืฉื•, ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืื ืฉื™ ืจื•ืžื™ ืœืœื•ื•ืชื•, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืงืจื‘ื™ืŸ ืืœื ืœื”ื ืืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ื•ืžืคืงื™ืจื™ืŸ ืžืžื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื.

ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื—ื–ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืคื›ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื›ืชื™’ “ื•ื™ื•ื•ืชืจ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืœื‘ื“ื• ื•ื™ืื‘ืง ืื™ืฉ ืขืžื• ืขื“ ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ืจ” (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœ”ื‘, ื›”ื”) ื•ื‘ืจืฉ”ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื—ื–”ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉืจื• ืฉืœ ืขืฉื™ื•, ื•ื‘ื ืขืžื• ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช. ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืชืžื•ื” ื”ืœื ื›ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื•ื–ื›ื” ื‘ื”ืŸ, ื•ืžื” ืฉื™ื™ืš ื‘ื”ื ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืžืœื—ืžื”. ืื›ืŸ ืžื•ื›ืจื— ื‘ื–ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืงื ื™ื ื• ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘, ืืœื ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื, ืฉืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืขืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘, ืจืง ืื– ื–ื•ื›ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืงื•ืœ ืงื•ืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื–ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื“ื™ื ื™ื“ื™ ืขืฉื™ื•. ื•ื”ื› ืœื“ื™ื“ืŸ ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืžืชืงืจื‘ ืœืขืฉื™ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืคื’ื ื‘ืžืขืœืชื•, ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ืฉ ื›ื— ื‘ืขืฉื™ื• ืœืฉืขื‘ื“ ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื•ืžืขืชื” ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ื–ืืช ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืฉืœ ืขืฉื™ื•, ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืขื ื™ืขืงื‘, ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื™ื’ื‘ืจ ื›ื•ื—ื• ื—”ื• ืœื ืฆื— ืืช ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืืจ ืื“ื–ืžื•”ืจ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ืขื””ืค ื•ื™ื•ื•ืชืจ ื™ืขืงื‘ “ืœื‘ื“ื•” ื•ื™ืื‘ืง ืื™ืฉ ืขืžื•, ืฉืœื‘ื“ื• ืื™ืŸ ื”ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืฉืืจ ืœื‘ื“ื• ื‘ืœื ืขื–ืจ ื•ืกื™ื•ืข, ืืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื• ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืœื‘ื“ื• ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ, ื›ืœ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื• ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ืืฆืœื• ื•ืžื—ืžืชื•, ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื” ื•ืขื ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘. ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืจืฆื” ืœื ืฆื— ืืช ืขืฉื™ื•, ืœื”ืฉืืจ ื•ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืœื‘ื“ื•, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ื›ืš ื ืœื—ื ืขืฉื™ื• ืขื ื™ืขืงื‘ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘, ืฉื‘ื–ื” ื˜ืžื•ืŸ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ืขืฉื™ื•, ื•ื ืฆื—ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘.

ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ื›ืชื™’ “ื•ื™ืจื ื›ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื• ื•ื™ื’ืข ื‘ื›ืฃ ื™ืจื›ื• ื•ืชืงืข ื›ืฃ ื™ืจืš ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ื”ืื‘ืงื• ืขืžื•” (ืฉื, ื›”ื•) ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืžื”ื–ื•ื””ืง ืฉืคื’ืข ื‘ืชืžื›ื™ืŸ ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื. ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื• ืขื•ืžืง ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื–ื”, ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื ืฆืจืš ืœืื™ื–ื” ืกืขื“ ื•ืชืžืš ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ืชื•ืจืชื•, ื•ื”ื› ืงื™ื™ื ืื™ื–ื” ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขื ืขืฉื™ื•, ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืฉืœื ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ืœื‘ื“ื•, ืฉื›ืœ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื• ื•ืงื™ื•ืžื• ื•ืจื•ืžืžื•ืชื• ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื“ื”ื• ืœืขืฉื™ื•.

ื•ื‘ื™ืชืจ ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ, ืฉื”ืœื ื™ืฉ ืœืชืžื•ื” ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื‘ื ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืฉื™ื• ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ื’ื ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืชืžื›ื™ืŸ ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื, ื•ื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ืžืœืืš ืื—ื“ ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘’ ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ื™ื•ืช. [ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืฉืืœื• ื™ืขืงื‘ ืžื” ืฉืžืš, ื•ื”ืœ ืœืžื” ื–ื” ืชืฉืืœ ืœืฉืžื™, ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ”ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืฉื ืงื‘ื•ืข ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ืฉืžื•ืชื™ื ื• ืœืคื™ ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืื ื• ืžืฉืชืœื—ื™ื] ื•ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ืš ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืื—ืช, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืชื‘ืืจ ืฉืžืœื—ืžืช ืขืฉื™ื• ื‘ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขื ื™ืขืงื‘, ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืชื• ืœื‘ื“ื•, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืœื‘ื“ ื ื—ืœืฉ ื›ื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘, ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ื— ืขืฉื™ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืขื‘ื“ ื‘ื•. ื‘ื–ื” ืฉื ืฆืจืš ืœืชืžื›ื™ืŸ ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืœื‘ืจื•ื— ื•ืœื”ื ืฆืœ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช, ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ืง ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืžืขืฉื™ื•, ืฉืจืง ื‘ื›ืš ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื ืฆื— ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื”.

ื‘ื–ืืช ืžื•ืจื” ืœื ื• ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืงื“ื•’ ืืช ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืขืฉื™ื•, ืฉื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื”ย  ื•ื“ืื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžืขืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื™ืฉ ืชื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืื”ืœื™ื – ืขืžืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืคืกืง, ืฉื–ื”ื• ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘. ืื‘ืœ ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืื ื• ื’ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช “ืœื‘ื“ื•” ืœื ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื“ื”ื• ืขื ืขืฉื™ื•.

ื•ื‘ื’ืž’ (ืชืขื ื™ืช ื™.) ื’ื‘ื™ ืขืฆื™ืจืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื, ืืžืจื•, ื”ื’ื™ืข ื™”ื– ื‘ืžืจ ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ื™ืจื“ื• ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• “ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื” ืžืชืขื ื™ื. ื•ื‘ื’ืž’ ืžืืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื, ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ื”ื•ื ื ืจื‘ื ืŸ. ื”ืจื™ ืœื ื• ืฉื™ืกื•ื“ื• ื•ืžื”ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืช”ื— ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื—ื™ื“, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื ืชื™ื™ื—ื“ ืžืขืœืชื•. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ืœื™ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื, ืืœื ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืขืœืชื• ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ, ื•ื–ื”ื• ืžืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื™ืชื•ืง ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืžืขืฉื™ื•.

ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื’ื–ืจื• ื’’ ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื™ืœื” ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื–ื” ื ืฉืžืช ืืคื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ืื›ืŸ ื’ื–ืจื• ื“ื•ืงื ืื•ืชื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื‘ืžื” ื ืชื™ื™ื—ื“ื• ืื•ืชื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื™ืœื” ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืจ”ื— ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืื ื™ื›ื ื™ืขื•ื ื‘ืื•ืชื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื–ื™ ื™ื ืฆื—ื•ื ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื”. ืื›ืŸ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื• ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื™ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ืื•ืชื ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื ืžื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืžื™ืœื” ื•ื“ืื™ ื–ื”ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื™ื™ื—ื“ ืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืฆืืฆืื™ื• ื—ืชื ื‘ืื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื‘ืจื™ืช ืขื ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื™ืฉ ืจืง ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืžื•ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื•ืžืจื•ืžืžื™ื ืขื ืžื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื ื‘ืจื™ืช ืขื ื”ืงื‘”ื”. ืฉื‘ืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื’”ื› ืžื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื•ื‘ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ. ื‘ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืื ื• ืฉื—ื›ืžื™ื ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ื–ืžื ื™ื”ื, ื–ืžื ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ื ื ื–ืžื ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืžืฉื•ืขื‘ื“ ืœื–ืžื ื ืฉืœ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืฉืื ืขื™ื‘ืจื• ืืช ื”ืฉื ื” ืื–ื™ ื‘ืช ื’’ ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื, ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื—ื•ืชื” ืžื‘ืช ื’’ ืฉื ื™ื. [ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื—ืช”ืก ื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืฉืœื ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืœื•ืขื–ื™ื™ื, ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืœื›ื ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื ื™ืกืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ]. ื•ืœื›ืš ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืื ื™ื‘ื˜ืœื• ื—”ื• ืืช ืื•ืชื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื ืžื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื™ื’ื“ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื ืœื ืฆื— ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืจื™ื”ื• ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืืชื” ื‘ื—ืจืชื ื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื•ืจื•ืžืžืชื ื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ืœืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื ื• ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืื—ืจืช ืžื›ืœ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืžื•ื‘ื“ืœ ื•ืžื•ืคืจืฉ ืœื’ืžืจื™, ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ืงืฉืจ ื•ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื“ื”ื•, ื•ื‘ื–ื”, ื•ืจืง ื‘ื–ื”, ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื ืฆื— ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ืขื ืขืฉื™ื•, ืœื‘ืจื•ื— ื•ืœื”ื™ื ืฆืœ – ื–ื”ื• ื ืฆื—ื•ื ื• ื‘ืขืฉื™ื•.

ื•ืœื“ื™ื“ืŸ, ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืื ื• ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืขื ืขืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืœื—ืžื” ืชืžื™ื“ื™ืช ืขื“ ื‘ื™ืืช ื’ื•ืืœ ืฆื“ืง. ื•ืžืœื—ืžืชื• ืฉืœ ืขืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื–ื•. ืฉื™ื”ื ืื™ื–ื” ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื“ื”ื• ืขืžื”ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื ืฆื— ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื”. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื–ื”ืจ ืžืื“ ืœื”ืฉืืจ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื ื ืฆื— ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื”.

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Harav Hagaon Ahron David Shlita

Itโ€™s All Up To YOU

Chanukah

Harav Hagaon Ahron David Shlita

The Bach (Orach Chaim 670) wonders why Hashem allowed the Yevanim to wield power over us and stop our avodah. What did we do that enabled this to happen? Everything is from Shamayim, and it was hardly a coincidence that the Yevanim came and stopped the avodah in the Beis Hamikdash. The Bach explains that the reason is that we performed the avodah bโ€™hishrashlus, instead of doing it shtark. We came late, we didnโ€™t value it as we should have, and middah kโ€™neged middah, Hashem authorized the Yevanim to take it away from us.

This is a profound lesson for life. Hashem operates middah kโ€™neged middah with every individual, and we see that people who learn and daven shtark generally have hatzlachah and parnassah, and things work out well for them. Why is that? They are trying very hard and doing their avodah with zerizus, with chizuk, so middah kโ€™neged middah, Hashem says, โ€œYouโ€™re shtark, so Iโ€™ll be shtark with you. Iโ€™ll give you parnassah, strength, health, so that youโ€™ll be able to learn and daven and do the mitzvos.โ€

If, however, people are not so shtark with their avodah and their Torah and mitzvos, then Hashem says, โ€œYouโ€™re not so shtark, so I wonโ€™t be shtark with you.โ€

This is a fundamental principle that applies to all of life. We establish how our life will be, and how much success weโ€™ll have in our Torah and mitzvos โ€” it all depends how shtark we are and how much effort we put into our avodah.

If you have a minyan, it should be a minyan kavua. You daven in one shul, at the same time, and you come early and daven well. You say all of Pesukei dโ€™Zimra and daven slowly, word for word, with kavanah. If you do that, you show that you value davening, so Hashem will also value your davening and ensure that youโ€™ll be able to daven. He wonโ€™t give you circumstances that make it impossible for you to daven.

The Bach goes on to ask: Why did Hashem perform the nes of the neiros, in which oil that sufficed for one day lasted eight days? He explains that Hashem saw that the Kohanim were being moser nefesh by waging war, rabbim bโ€™yad meโ€™atim, so they could get back the avodah. Mesirus nefesh is the opposite of hishrashlus, so middah kโ€™neged middah, Hashem performed a nes.

R’ Chaim Shmuelevitz says that this nes was a kiss from Hashem; Hashem was showing Klal Yisrael that He was happy with them, because they were being moser nefesh. The Mishnah in Sotah (1:7) teaches, ื‘ึทึผืžึดึผื“ึธึผื” ืฉึถืืึธื“ึธื ืžื•ึนื“ึตื“ ื‘ึธึผื”ึผ ืžื•ึนื“ึฐื“ึดื™ืŸ ืœื•ึน โ€” however you conduct your life, Hashem will conduct Himself with you.

Wherever you find yourself โ€” in America, Eretz Yisrael, or anywhere else โ€” you are the one who determines how your life will go. The Gemara (Berachos 20) relates that R’ Pappa asked Abaye why the earlier generations experienced miracles, while the later generations do not, and Abaye answered that it is because the earlier generations were moser nefesh, so middah k’neged middah, Hashem went above and beyond with them, by performing miracles.

Being moser nefesh doesnโ€™t mean that you have to jump into a fire. It means trying harder to wake up early, and to be shtark in Torah, tefillah, mussar, mitzvos. The Gemara (Shabbos 130) observes that since Klal Yisrael always kept the mitzvah of bris milah joyously, celebrating it with a seudah, Yidden throughout the generations continue to perform this mitzvah, even if they are not observant. Conversely, things that Yidden did not keep so steadfastly did not remain as shtark.

It all depends on how we do things.

Why the Ridvaz Was Spared

Now there is a war here in Eretz Yisrael, a dangerous war in which many people have been killed, lo aleinu. We have to accept Shabbos early. The Aruch Laner famously notes, in Minchas Ani, that in a year when Rosh Hashanah falls on Shabbos and there is no shofar on the first day of Rosh Hashanah, Shabbos is our lawyer. So we have to honor Shabbos and bring it in early. In Eretz Yisrael we try to light candles forty minutes before sunset, and already before that, we say Shir Hashirim to greet Shabbos. The Rambam says you have to wait for Shabbos, to be ready early.

The Ridbaz, who was a rav in Slutzk, lived in Tzfas at the end of his life, and when he was already an older man, he became very sick and almost died. He saw himself being taken to beis din shel maalah, and they told him, โ€œSay a zechus about yourself that you should live.โ€

He answered that he was writing a sefer on Yerushalmi, and they responded that thatโ€™s impressive, but others could do that, too. He said that he is involved in a lot of charitable work, and they said, โ€œOthers could do that instead of you.โ€ Then he said, โ€œMy Shabbos is ready Thursday night โ€” we add things on Friday, but everything is basically ready on Thursday.โ€ To this, they responded, โ€œAh, that canโ€™t be done by others.โ€ And the Ridbaz lived for another fifteen years. If you are moser nefesh, Hashem is also moser nefesh for you. If you are shtark, Hashem is also shtark with you.

Another story that brings out this idea is about Rebbetzin Brim, a big tzaddekes who lived in Meah Shearim. All her life she was moser nefesh to daven with a minyan, in the womenโ€™s section of the shtieblach. At the end of her life, she was weak, and it was difficult for her to walk, so the Eibishter gave her schar by arranging that there should be a yeshiva established near her apartment. She davened with them for years.

This is our chizuk on Chanukah, when the light of Torah and mitzvos shines brightly. If we do everything bโ€™chizuk โ€” minyanim, learning, chessed โ€” and just try a little harder, not jumping into the fire but simply making a bigger effort, then Hashem will help us, and weโ€™ll experience yeshuos both individually and collectively, in Eretz Yisrael and all over the world.

Hashem should give us all hatzlachah.

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