VayikraVayikra

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•

Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Nosson Tzvi Finkel ztโ€l

ื•ื™ืงืจื ืืœ ืžืฉื” (ื, ื)
ื•ื™ืงืจื ืืœ ืžืฉื” ื•ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ื”’, ืžื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• ื›ืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื“ืขืช, ื ื‘ืœื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ืžื ื•, ืชื“ืข ืœืš ืฉื›ืŸ, ืฆื ื•ืœืžื“ ืžืžืฉื” ืื‘ื™ ื”ื—ื›ืžื”, ืื‘ื™ ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื, ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ืžืžืฆืจื™ื, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื• ื ืขืฉื‚ื• ื›ืžื” ื ืกื™ื ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื ื•ืจืื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ, ื•ืขืœื” ืœืฉืžื™ ืžืจื•ื ื•ื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื, ื•ื ืชืขืกืง ื‘ืžืœืื›ืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ื•ืœื ื ื›ื ืก ืœืคื ื™ ื•ืœืคื ื™ื ืขื“ ืฉืงืจื ืœื•, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ื™ืงืจื ืืœ ืžืฉื” ื•ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื’ื•’ (ื•ื™ืงืจ”ืจ ื,ื˜ื•).

ืคื™ืจืฉ ื”ืจื“”ืœ (ืฉื): ื“ืขืช ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ืจืš ืืจืฅ ื•ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืขื ื•ื”. ื•ื”ื ื” ื—ื–”ืœ ืœื ื ืงื˜ื• ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื, ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• “ื“ืจืš ืืจืฅ” ืืœื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• “ื“ืขืช”, ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉ’ื“ืขืช’ ื•’ื“ืจืš ืืจืฅ’ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ื”ื. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื•, ืฉืื ืื™ื ื• ืžืชื ื”ื’ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืืจืฅ ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืขืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื• ื“ืขืช ืœืœื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื• ื“ืจืš ืืจืฅ. ื”ืจื™ ืฉืžื™ื“ืช ื“ืจืš ืืจืฅ ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ื›ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืื“ื ื”ืจื•ื›ืฉ ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืจ ืžืขืœื” ื™ืชื™ืจื” ื”ื•ื, ืืœื ื”ื™ื ืžื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืฉื•ืจืฉ ืขืฆืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืฉืื ื—ืกืจ ืื•ืชื”, ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืฉืื™ื ื• ื‘ืจ ื“ืขืช.

ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืžื™ื“ื” ื–ื• ื›”ื› ื—ืžื•ืจื” ืขื“ ืฉืืฃ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื•, ืื‘ื™ ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ืื‘ื™ ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื, ืœื ื ื›ื ืก ืœืคื ื™ ื•ืœืคื ื™ื ืœืœื ืงื‘ืœืช ืจืฉื•ืช, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื” ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืืœื ืžืฉื•ื ืžื™ื“ืช ื“ืจืš ืืจืฅ, ื›ื™ ืœื•ืœื™ ื–ื” “ื ื‘ืœื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ืžื ื•”.

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ, ืฉื ื™ื ื• ื‘ืื‘ื•ืช (ืค”ื’, ืžื™”ื–) “ืื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ืืจืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื””, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืชื ื ื“ื‘ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• (ืค”ื) ืฉื“ืจืš ืืจืฅ ืงื“ืžื” ืœืชื•ืจื”. ื•ื‘ื™ืืจ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื ื” (ืื‘ื•ืช), “ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืชืฉื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขืœื™ื•, ืฉืื™ื ื ื” ืฉื•ื›ื ืช ืœืขื•ืœื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื‘ืขืœ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช”.

ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื•ื, ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ื•ื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืื“ื, ื•ืœื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืคื’ื•ื ื‘ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ืฉืœื• ื•ืื™ืŸ ืขืจืš ืœื›ืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื•.ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื“ื ื–ื”. ื•ื”ื ื” ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืžื™ื“ืช ื“ืจืš ืืจืฅ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขื ื•ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื•ื”ื›ื ืขืชื• ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืžื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื“ืจืš ืืจืฅ ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ื’ืื•ื” ื˜ื™ืคืฉ ื•ื—ืกืจ ื“ืขืช, ื ืžืฆื ืฉืžื™ื“ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ืžื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื” ืื™ืŸ ืขืจืš ืœืžืขืฉื™ ื”ืื“ื, ื•ืžื˜ืขื ื–ื” ืœื ื ื›ื ืก ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื•ืœืคื ื™ื ืงื•ื“ื ืฉืงืจื ืœื• ื”ืงื‘”ื”.

ืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชืŸ ืฆื‘ื™ ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื”

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื

ืขื–ืจื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืืฉื”

ย 

ืกื™ืคืจ ืื—ื“ ืžืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืกื‘ื ืžืกืœื‘ื•ื“ืงื” ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื”, ืฉื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ืœืื—ืจ ื—ืชื•ื ืชื• ื”ืคืชื™ืขื• ืคืขื ืžืจืŸ ื”ืกื‘ื ื–ืฆ”ืœ ื‘ืฉืืœื”, ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืืฉืชื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช?

ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืžื™ื“ ื‘ื—ื™ื•ื‘, ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื ืžืง ืฉื”ืจื™ ื—ื–ืดืœ ืžื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื ื”ื’ื• ื›ืš ื‘ืขืฆืžื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื•ืžืจืช ื”ื’ืž’ (ืฉื‘ืช ืงื™ื˜,ื) ืจื‘ ืกืคืจื ืžื—ืจื™ืš ืจื™ืฉื, ืจื‘ื ืžืœื— ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื˜ื, ืจื‘ ื”ื•ื ื ืžื“ืœื™ืง ืฉืจื’ื™, ืจื‘ ืคืคื ืžื“ืœื™ืง ืคืชื™ืœืชื, ืจื‘ ื—ืกื“ื ืคืจื™ืง ืกื™ืœืงื, ืจื‘ื” ื•ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืžืฆืœื—ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื™ ื•ื›ื•’.

ื—ื™ื™ืš ื”ืกื‘ื ื•ืืžืจ: ืดืฆื“ื™ืงืณืœ! ื•ื›ื™ ืžืฉื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืช ืœื‘ื“ ื•ืจืง ืžืชื•ืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–ืดืœ, ืฆืจื™ืš ืื“ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืืฉืชื•?! ื•ื”ืจื™ ื–ื• ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”: ืดืขื–ื•ื‘ ืชืขื–ื•ื‘ ืขืžื•ืด, ื•ืขืœ ืื—ืช ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืœืืฉืชื• ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืœืคื™ื” ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืืฉื” ืขื™ื™ืคื” ื•ืžืžื”ืจืช ืœื”ืกืคื™ืง ืขื“ ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช, ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืžืฆื•ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžื–ื•?!

ืžืจืŸ ื”ืกื‘ื ืžืกืœื‘ื•ื“ืงื” ืจืฆื” ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื–ื• ื’ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ืฉื™ื’ืจืชื™ืช, ืฉืฉืžื™ื ืœื‘ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœืžืงื•ื, ื•ืžื—ืžื™ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœืื“ื.

ืžืชื•ืš ืดืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ืžื•ืกืจ”

ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืœื›ื”

Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shpitzer Shlita

ื•ื™ืงืจื

ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืข”ืค ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช

ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ืงืจื ืื“ื ื›ื™ ื™ืงืจื™ื‘ ืžื›ื. ื•ื‘ื’ืž’ ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืข”ืค ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช. ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืชืžื” ื•ืžื”ืจืฉ”ื ืืœืคื ื“ืจื™ ื—”ื‘ ืœ”ื ื“ื’ื ืžื™ื“ ืื—ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืœื ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื•, ื•ืจืื™ื” ืžืฉื‘ืช ื™”ื‘ ืข”ื‘ ื“ืืžืจ ืจ’ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื›ืฉื™ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื”ืž”ืง ืื‘ื™ื ื—ื˜ืืช ืฉืžื ื”, ื•ื‘ืคืกื—ื™ื ืข”ื‘ ืข”ื‘ ื•ื›ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื–ื””ื– ืžื ื™ืŸ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื”ื’ืฉ”ืค ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืกื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘”ื‘ ื•ืœื ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื• ืง”ืค ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื.

ื•ื”ื ื” ื˜ืขื ื”ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื“ืื™ืŸ ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื””ื– ื›ืชื‘ื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื—ืœื–ื•ืŸ ืื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ืกื™ื ืื• ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื˜ืžืื™ื. (ื•ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื”ื•ืชืจื” ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืจืง ื‘ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื• ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืคืกื— ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืคืกื—ื™ื ืข”ื– ืข”ื). ื•ื”ื ื” ื›”ื– ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ื™ืš ืื– ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ (ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืืคืจ ื”ืคืจื” ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืžืœ”ืž ืค”ื’ ืžืื‘ืœ). ื•ื”ื ื“ืœื ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื• ืื—ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื—ื ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืื‘”ื“ ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืื™ืŸ ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื””ื– ื“ืก”ืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื ืงื“ืฉื” ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื™ ื”ืจืžื‘”ื ืงืฉื”. ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืงืœื™ื ื“ืื›ืชื™ ื”ื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื˜ืžืื™ื.

ื•ืœื›ื’ ืžื” ืฉืœื ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื• ืื—ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืขื›ืฆ”ืœ ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืงื””ื™ ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื ืกื™’ ืœ”ื (ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืกื™’ ื™’) ื‘ืฉื ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžืฆื•ื” ืช”ืž ื“ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืž”ื“ ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืข”ืค ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ืœื ื—ื™ื•ื‘.

ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ื‘ื–ื” ืœื›ื’ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื”ื ื” ื‘ืจืžื‘”ื ื‘ืกืคื”ืž”ืฆ ืž”ืข ื›’ ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื–”ืœ ื”ื™ื ืฉืฆื•ื ื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื‘ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ื•ื”ื‘ืขืจืช ื”ืืฉ ืชืžื™ื“ ื•ืืœื™ื• ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื•ื”ืขืœื™ื” ืœืจื’ืœ ื•ื›ื•’ ืขื›”ืœ, ื•ืžืฉืžืข ื“ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื™”ื‘ ื•ื‘ืค”ื ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื””ื. ื•ืœื›ื’ ืชื™ืงืฉื™ ื“ื”ืจื™ ืคืกืง ื”ืจืžื‘”ื ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืข”ืค ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืข”ื› ืžืฉืžืข ืžื–ื” ื“ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ื” ืชื•ืจื” ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืข”ื› ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืืœื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช.

ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืฉื 'ืžืฉื”' - ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ

“ืขืฉืจื” ืฉืžื•ืช ื ืงืจืื• ืœื• ืœืžืฉื”, ื™ืจื“, ื—ื‘ืจ, ื™ืงื•ืชื™ืืœ, ืื‘ื™ – ื’ื“ื•ืจ, ืื‘ื™ – ืกื•ื›ื•, ืื‘ื™ – ื–ื ื•ื—”, “ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืœืžืฉื”, ื—ื™ื™ืš ืžื›ืœ ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉื ืงืจื ืœืš ืื™ื ื™ ืงื•ืจื ืื•ืชืš ืืœื ื‘ืฉื ืฉืงืจืืชืš ื‘ืชื™ื” ื‘ืช ืคืจืขื” ‘ื•ืชืงืจื ืฉืžื• ืžืฉื”’ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘, ื™), ‘ื•ื™ืงืจื ืืœ ืžืฉื”’ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื, ื)” (ื•ื™ืง”ืจ ื, ื’).

ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ, ืฉืืฃ ืฉื ืงืจื ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ืขืฉืจ ืฉืžื•ืช, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืœื ืงืจื ืœื• ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืืœื ื‘ืฉื ืžืฉื”. ื•ื”ื ื”, ื ืชื™ื ืช ‘ืฉื’ ืื™ื ื” ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื” ื‘ื›ืš, ืืœื ื—ื›ืžื” ื ืคืœืื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื ืชืŸ ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื•ืื™ื, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื™ืชื ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ (ื‘ืจ”ืจ ื™ื–, ื“): “ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื‘ื ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืœื‘ืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื ืžืœืš ื‘ืžืœืื›ื™ ื”ืฉืจืช, ืืžืจ ืœื”ืŸ: ‘ื ืขืฉื” ืื“ื’ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื, ื›ื•): ืืžืจื• ืœื• ‘ืื“ื ื–ื” ืžื” ื˜ื™ื‘ื•’, ืืžืจ ืœื”ืŸ ‘ื—ื›ืžืชื• ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ืžืฉืœื›ื’, ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื”ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื”ืžื” ื•ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื” ื•ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฃ, ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ‘ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืžื•’ ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ืŸ, ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืื“ื ืืžืจ ืœื• ‘ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืžื•’, ืืžืจ, ‘ื–ื” ืฉื•ืจ’, ‘ื–ื” ื—ืžื•ืจ’, ‘ื–ื” ืกื•ืก’ ื•ื–ื” ื’ืžืœ’. ‘ื•ืืชื” ืžื” ืฉืžืš’, ืืžืจ ืœื• ‘ืื ื™ ื ืื” ืœื”ืงืจื ืื“ื ืฉื ื‘ืจืืชื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืื“ืžื”’. ‘ื•ืื ื™ ืžื” ืฉืžื™’, ืืžืจ ืœื• ‘ืœืš ื ืื” ืœื”ืงืจืื•ืช ื-ื“-ื -ื™ ืฉืืชื” ืื“ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื‘ืจื™ื•ืชื™ืš’. ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ืื—ื, ‘ืื ื™ ื”’ ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื™’ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืžื‘, ื—), ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื™ ืฉืงืจื ืœื™ ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ”.

ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉื – ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœืžื”ื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ

ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืฉื™ื“ืข ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืชืช ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื•ืื™ื, ื ืืžืจ ืขืœื™ื• “ื—ื›ืžืชื• ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ืžืฉืœื›ื”. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื‘ืžืœืื›ื” ื–ื• ื˜ืžื•ื ื” ื—ื›ืžื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื” – ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ. ื”ืฉื ‘ืฉื•ืจ’ ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืจ, ื”ืฉื ‘ื—ืžื•ืจ’ ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืกื’, ื) ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืคื•ืช: “ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ‘ืฉืœืš’, ื–ื” ื”ืฉื•ืœื” ื“ื’ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื, ‘ื“ื•ื›ื™ืคืช’, ืฉื”ื•ื“ื• ื›ืคื•ืช ื•ื›ื•’, ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ, ืœืžื” ื ืงืจื ืฉืžื• ‘ืจื—ื’, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื ืจื—ื ื‘ืื• ืจื—ืžื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ื›ื•’, ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื” ื–ื• ื“ื™ื” ืœื‘ื ื”, ืœืžื” ื ืงืจื ืฉืžื” ‘ื—ืกื™ื“ื”’, ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื™ื”, ื”ืื ืคื” ื–ื• ื“ื™ื” ืจื’ื–ื ื™ืช, ืœืžื” ื ืงืจื ืฉืžื” ‘ืื ืคื”’, ืฉืžื ืืคืช ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื™ื””.

ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ืžื‘ืืจื™ื ื—ื–”ืœ (ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื™ื’, ื) ืืช ืžื”ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉืžื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื•: “ืœืžื” ื ืงืจื ืฉืžื• ‘ื™ืจื“’ ืฉื™ืจื“ ืœื”ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืŸ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื•, ‘ื’ื“ื•ืจ’ ืฉื’ื“ืจ ืคืจืฆื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ‘ื—ื‘ืจ’ ืฉื—ื™ื‘ืจ ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื‘ื™ื”ืŸ ืฉื‘ืฉืžื™ื, ‘ืกื•ื›ื•’ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืœื”ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืกื•ื›ื”, ‘ื™ืงื•ืชื™ืืœ’ ืฉืงื•ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืœ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื•, ‘ื–ื ื•ื—’ ืฉื”ื–ื ื™ื— ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ‘ืื‘ื™’ ‘ืื‘ื™’ ‘ืื‘ื™’ ืื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืื‘ ื‘ื—ื›ืžื”, ืื‘ ื‘ื ื‘ื™ืื•ืช”.

‘ืžืฉื”’ โ€“ ืฉื ืฉืœ ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ

ื•ื”ื ื”, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉืžื•ืช ืืœื• ืžื‘ื˜ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื’ื“ืœื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ืžืขืฉื™ื•, ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืœืžืฉื”: “ื—ื™ื™ืš ืžื›ืœ ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉื ืงืจื ืœืš ืื™ื ื™ ืงื•ืจื ืื•ืชืš ืืœื ื‘ืฉื ืฉืงืจืืชืš ื‘ืชื™ื” ื‘ืช ืคืจืขื””. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ, ื”ืœื ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืฉืžื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ืืช ื’ื“ืœื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืฉืืช. ื”ืฉื ‘ืžืฉื”’ ืื™ื ื• ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืชื›ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืžืขืฉื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื•, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ืชื™ื” ื‘ืช ืคืจืขื” ื ืชื ื” ืœื• ืฉื ื–ื” ืขืœ ืฉื ืฉื”ืฆื™ืœืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ืžื™ื, ื›ื›ืชื•ื‘ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘, ื™): “ื•ืชื‘ื™ืื”ื• ืœื‘ืช ืคืจืขื” ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืœื” ืœื‘ืŸ ื•ืชืงืจื ืฉืžื• ืžืฉื” ื•ืชืืžืจ ื›ื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ืžืฉื™ืชื”ื•”. ื ืžืฆื ืฉืฉื ื–ื” ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ืžืขืฉื™ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ื” – ืฉืžืฉืชื”ื• ืื•ืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ืžื™ื, ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ื—ืจ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืฉื ื–ื” ื‘ืงืจื™ืืชื• ืœืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื•.

ื‘ื™ืืจ ื‘ื–ื” ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืจ”ื— ืฉืžื•ืืœื‘ื™ืฅ ื–ืฆ”ืœ (ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจ, ืžืืžืจ ‘ื•ื™ืงืจื ืืœ ืžืฉื”’), ืฉื‘ืชื™ื” ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื” ืžืกืจื” ืืช ื ืคืฉื” ื‘ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฆืœืช ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื•. ื‘ืชื™ื” ื™ื“ืขื” ืฉืื‘ื™ื” ืฆื™ื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืฉืœื™ืš ืœื™ืื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื”ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื™ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™, ื•ืื ืชืฆื™ืœ ืื•ืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืื•ืจ ืชืคืจ ืืช ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ืื‘ื™ื”. ื‘ื–ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ืขืœ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ืžืœืš ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืฉืœื—ื” ืืช ื™ื“ื” ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื™ืื•ืจ ื•ื”ืฆื™ืœื” ืืช ืžืฉื” ื‘ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ, ื ื›ื ืก ื›ื— ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ื‘ื’ื•ืคื• ื•ื‘ื ืคืฉื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื•. ื”ืฉื ‘ืžืฉื”’ ืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืชื™ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืืœื ืืช ืžืงื•ืจ ืžื™ื“ืช ื”’ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ’ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื•, ื•ืืช ืžื”ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื›ืจื•ืขื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ [ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ืชื‘ืืจ ืœื”ืœืŸ]!

ืžืขืฉื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืฉืจื™ืฉ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื ืคืฉ ื”ืื“ื ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช

ื™ืกื•ื“ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื•, ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ (ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืค”ื“, ื””ื): “ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืชื ื•ืช ื ืชืŸ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืจื—ืžื ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื’ื•ืžืœื™ ื—ืกื“ื™ื”, ื•ื‘ื™ืืจื” ื”ื’ืžืจื: “ื’ื•ืžืœื™ ื—ืกื“ื™ื ืžื ื™ืŸ, ‘ื•ืฉืžืจ ื”’ ืืœื•ื”ื™ืš ืœืš ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ืืช ื”ื—ืกื“’ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื–, ื™ื‘)”. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ, ื”ืœื ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืงื‘”ื” ื™ืชื ื”ื’ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื—ืกื“, ื•ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืžืจื•ืžื– ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” ืฉืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื—ืกื“ ื ื˜ื•ืขื” ื‘ื ืคืฉื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ืžื•ื›ื—, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืงื‘”ื” ื ื”ื’ ืขื ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื—ืกื“, ื”ื•ืฉืจืฉื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื–ื• ื‘ืขื•ืžืง ื ืคืฉื, ืขื“ ืฉืžื™ื“ืช ‘ื’ืžื™ืœื•ืช ื—ืกื“’ ื ืขืฉืชื” ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืกื™ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื›ืจ ืœืžื”ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™. ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ืžืชื‘ืืจืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื—ื–”ืœ, ืฉืžื™ื“ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืžืชื ื” ืืฉืจ “ื ืชืŸ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ”. ื›ืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžื”ืงื‘”ื” ืืช ื›ื— ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ืกื“, ื•ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื’ื•ืžืœื™ ื—ืกื“ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื‘ืขื ื•.

ื’ื ืžื™ื“ืช ‘ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ’ ืžื•ืฉืจืฉืช ื‘ื ื• ืžื›ื•ื— ืžืขืฉื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•, ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืจื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื (ืื‘ื•ืช ืค”ื” ืž”ื’): “ืฉื ืจืื” ื‘ื—ื•ืฉ ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžืขืžื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžื•ืกืจื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืขืœ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ื ื• ืžืื‘ื™ื ื• ืื‘ืจื”ื, ืฉืžืกืจ ื ืคืฉื• ืœืื•ืจ ื›ืฉื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืืžื•ื ืชื•”. ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืขืงื™ื“ื”, ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืืช ื ืคืฉื• ืœืฉื ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืฉืฆื™ื•ื” ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืœื”ืขืœื•ืชื• ืœืขื•ืœื”, ื ื‘ืข ืžืื•ืชื• ืžืขืฉื” ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื, ืฉืžืกืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืขืœ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”’ ื‘ืื•ืจ ื›ืฉื“ื™ื ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ืœ ืœื• ืžื™ื“ื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ‘ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ‘ื ืคืฉ’. ืžื™ื“ื” ื–ื•, ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ืžืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื™ืฆื—ืง ืื‘ื™ื ื•, ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื” ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ืœืฆืืฆืื™ื• ืœื“ื•ืจื™ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ืฉืจืฉื” ื›’ื˜ื‘ืข’ ื‘ื ืคืฉื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ื™ืขืงื‘.

ื›ื•ื— ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืœื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื–ื” ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื˜ืขื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืงื‘”ื” ืงืจื ืœืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ืฉื ‘ืžืฉื”’, ืืฃ ืฉืฉืžื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื’ื“ืœื•ืชื•. ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืžืžื ื”ื™ื’ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ! ืืฃ ืฉืฉืืจ ืฉืžื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ืžื•ืชื” ื•ืœื ืชื”ื™ื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ “ืื‘ื™, ืื‘ื™, ืื‘ื™” – “ืื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืื‘ ื‘ื—ื›ืžื”, ืื‘ ื‘ื ื‘ื™ืื•ืช”, ืฉื–ื• ืžื”ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• – ืžืงื‘ืœ ื•ืžื•ืกืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืกื™ื ื™ ืœื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื‘ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ืื‘ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืชื›ื•ื ืชื• ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ื›ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื™ื“ืช ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื•ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื•ื™ื—ื™ื“, ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ืงื˜ืŸ. ื”ืฉื ‘ืžืฉื”’ ืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืžืกื•ืจ ื ืคืฉ ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืงื˜ืŸ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื‘ืชื™ื” ืžืกืจื” ืืช ื ืคืฉื” ืœื”ืฆืœืช ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืžืช ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื–ืจืง ืœื™ืื•ืจ, ื•ื‘ืคืงื•ื“ืช ืื‘ื™ื” ื ื’ื–ืจ ื“ื™ื ื• ืœืžื™ืชื”.

ืžื™ื“ื” ื–ื• ื‘ื•ืขืจืช ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืฆืขื™ืจ ืœื™ืžื™ื, ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘, ื™ื): “ื•ื™ื’ื“ืœ ืžืฉื” ื•ื™ืฆื ืืœ ืื—ื™ื• ื•ื™ืจื ื‘ืกื‘ืœื•ืชื”, ื•ื‘ื™ืืจื• ื—ื–”ืœ (ืฉืžื•”ืจ ื, ื›ื–): “ืžื”ื• ‘ื•ื™ืจื’ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืื” ‘ื‘ืกื‘ืœื•ืชื’ ื•ื‘ื•ื›ื” ื•ืื•ืžืจ ื—ื‘ืœ ืœื™ ืขืœื™ื›ื ืžื™ ื™ืชืŸ ืžื•ืชื™ ืขืœื™ื›ื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืžืœืื›ื” ืงืฉื” ืžืžืœืื›ืช ื”ื˜ื™ื˜, ื•ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ื›ืชืคื™ื• ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืŸ”.

ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืžืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ – ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ืœื›ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“

ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื ื‘ื—ื ื• ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉื ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื•ืข ื•ืœื™ืชืŸ ื›ืชืฃ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“, ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืชื ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื ื–ืงืงื™ื. ื•ืœื ืจืง ืœื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื, ืืœื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ (ืฉื ื‘, ื‘): “‘ื”’ ืฆื“ื™ืง ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ’ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื™ื, ื”), ื‘ื“ืง ืœื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืฆืืŸ ื•ืžืฆืื• ืจื•ืขื” ื™ืคื” ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืขื—, ืข): ‘ื•ื™ืงื—ื”ื• ืžืžื›ืœืื•ืช ืฆืืŸ’, ื•ื›ื•’, ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื ืข ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืœืจืขื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืจืขื• ืขืฉื‘ ื”ืจืš, ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื”ื–ืงื ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืจืขื• ืขืฉื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช, ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืื•ื›ืœื™ืŸ ืขืฉื‘ ื”ืงืฉื”. ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘”ื”, ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœืจืขื•ืช ื”ืฆืืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืœืคื™ ื›ื—ื• ื™ื‘ื ื•ื™ืจืขื” ื‘ืขืžื™, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืฉื, ืขื): ‘ืžืื—ืจ ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœืจืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืขืงื‘ ืขืžื•’. ื•ืืฃ ืžืฉื” ืœื ื‘ื—ื ื• ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืืœื ื‘ืฆืืŸ, ืืžืจื• ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•, ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืข”ื” ืจื•ืขื” ืฆืื ื• ืฉืœ ื™ืชืจื• ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจื— ืžืžื ื• ื’ื“ื™ ื•ืจืฅ ืื—ืจื™ื• ืขื“ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื—ืกื™ืช, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื—ืกื™ืช ื ื–ื“ืžื ื” ืœื• ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืขืžื“ ื”ื’ื“ื™ ืœืฉืชื•ืช, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืžืฉื” ืืฆืœื• ืืžืจ, ืื ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืจืฅ ื”ื™ื™ืช ืžืคื ื™ ืฆืžื, ืขื™ืฃ ืืชื”, ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ื• ืขืœ ื›ืชื™ืคื• ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžื”ืœืš. ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘”ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืจื—ืžื™ื ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ืฆืื ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื ื›ืš ื—ื™ื™ืš ืืชื” ืชืจืขื” ืฆืื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ”.

ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš ื ื‘ื—ืจื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจื•ืขื™ื ืœื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื”ื ืžื™ื“ื” ื–ื• ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ืฆืจื›ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื•ื™ื—ื™ื“, ื•ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฉื ื”ืขื ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื• ื•ื’ื ืœืžืฉื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื. ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ื›ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืœื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืื™ืฉ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจ, ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ื“ืจืš ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ื›ืคื™ ื›ื•ื—ื• ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ ืจื•ื—ื•.

ืžื˜ืขื ื–ื” ื ื‘ื—ืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ ื›ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื—ืจ ืคื˜ื™ืจืช ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื•, ื›ื›ืชื•ื‘ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–, ื™ื—): “ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”’ ืืœ ืžืฉื” ืงื— ืœืš ืืช ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืืฉืจ ืจื•ื— ื‘ื•”, ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉ”ื™: ‘ืืฉืจ ืจื•ื— ื‘ื•’ – ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืœื•ืš ื›ื ื’ื“ ืจื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“”. ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื“ืข ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ ืืช ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื”ืฉื›ื™ืœ ื‘ืจื•ื—ื• ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืจื” ืœื“ืขืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“, ื ืžืฆื ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ืืช ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื–ื” ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘, ืžื“ื•ืข ื ืงืจื ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ืฉื ‘ืžืฉื”’ ื•ืœื ื‘ืฉืืจ ืฉืžื•ืชื™ื•, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžื”ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื ืชื™ื ืช ืขื–ืจื” ื•ื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ืฆืœื” ืœื›ืœ ื‘ืจื™ื” ื•ืืฃ ื–ื• ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื”, ื•ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืžื™ื“ื” ื–ื• ืœื ืชื™ืชื›ืŸ ืืœื ื‘ืื“ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ‘ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ’ ื ืงืจื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉื ‘ืžืฉื”’, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื‘ื“ื• ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ืžื™ื“ื” ื–ื• ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื” ื–ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจื•ืขื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื•ื™ืชืŸ, ืฉื ื–ื›ื” ืœื”ืฉืจื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื• ืืช ืื•ืชื ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉื–ื›ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื•ื˜ื‘ืขื• ื‘ื ื•, ื›ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื—ืกื“ ืฉื ื”ื’ ื‘ื ื• ื”ืงื‘”ื”, ื•ื›ืžื™ื“ืช ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืฉื ื”ื’ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ืื•ืจ ื›ืฉื“ื™ื, ื•ื ื–ื›ื” ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืืช ื ืคืฉื ื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืืฃ ืื ื”ื•ื ืžื”ืคื—ื•ืชื™ื ืฉื‘ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช.

[1] ื.ื”. ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘, ื™ื˜) ืฉื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ื‘ื™ืืจ ื‘ื–ื”, ื•ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ื ื•: “ืืžืจื• ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ, ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืœืคื ื™ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืืžืจ ืœื–ื” ื ืื” ืœืงืจื•ืช ื•ื›ื•’. ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ, ืฉื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื—ื›ืžืชื• ืฉื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ืžืื“ ื•ืœื–ื” ืงืจืื• ‘ื—ืžื•ืจ’, ื•ื”ืกื•ืก ืฉืฉืžื— ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ืงืจืื• ื›ืŸ ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ‘ืฉื•ืฉ ืชืฉื™ืฉ’, ื•ื”ื ืฉืจ, ืฉื›ื ืคื™ื• ื ื•ืฉืจื™ื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืืช ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ‘ื›ืœื‘’ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื”ืจืฉ”ื (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืฆื–, ื, ื—”ื): “ื ืจืื” ืœืคืจืฉ ื›ื™ ื ืงืจื ‘ื›ืœื‘’ ื›ื™ ื›ื•ืœื• ืœื‘ ื•ื ืืžืŸ ืœืื“ื•ื ื™ื•”.

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Harav Hagaon Yehuda Wagshal Shlita

Reduction Leads to Reflection

Parshas Vayikra

Harav Hagaon Yehuda Wagshal shlita

The Orchos Tzaddikim, in discussing the various good and bad middos, says that the best of all the good middos is anavah, and the worst of all bad middos is gaavah. Anavah is specifically relevant to the Yom Tov of Pesach, because, as we know, chametz represents the yetzer hara of gaavah, and the Torah is more stringent regarding the issur of chametz than regarding other issurim. Regarding other forbidden foods, the Torah forbids us to eat them and, in some cases, to have hanaโ€™ah from them, but chametz is not only forbidden to eat and benefit from, it is also forbidden to own โ€” ื‘ืœ ื™ืจืื” and ื‘ืœ ื™ืžืฆื.

The Radvaz explains that on Pesach, which marks the beginning of our becoming a nation, we may not even own any chametz, because chametz puffs up, similar to a baal gaavah. Matzah, on the other hand, signifies anavah.

The geulah from Mitzrayim occurred due to anavah, and the future geulah also depends on anavah, as Chazal say, ืขื ื•ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืื•ืœืชื›ื. On Pesach, when we eat matzah and avoid chametz, this represents the middah of anavah, a zechus that brings geulah to Klal.

What about anavah makes it the best of all middos and the middah by which Klal Yisrael is zocheh to redemption?

Another question: It is now the beginning of Chodesh Nissan, which is the subject of the first mitzvah that Klal Yisrael were commanded: ื”ึทื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ื”ึทื–ึถึผื” ืœึธื›ึถื. Now, most of the 613 mitzvos were given at Har Sinai, but Klal Yisrael received several mitzvos already in Mitzrayim: the mitzvah of Korban Pesach, the mitzvah of matzah, and the mitzvah to avoid chametz, all of which were necessary for the process of leaving Mitzrayim. But why did Klal Yisrael have to receive their very first mitzvah, that of ื”ึทื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ื”ึทื–ึถึผื” ืœึธื›ึถื, at this time? What was so pressing about this commandment that it had to be given to them in Mitzrayim, before all the other mitzvos? It would seem that this mitzvah was somehow a prerequisite for the geulah, but why?

Furthermore, in Mussaf of Rosh Chodesh we say the words ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืžืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื—ืจืช ืžื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื—ืงื™ ืจืืฉื™ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื ืงื‘ืขืช. We do not say words like these in any other Mussaf, so it seems as though the ื‘ืขืžืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื—ืจืช depended on the ืจืืฉื™ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื ืงื‘ืขืช. Why is the mitzvah of Rosh Chodesh such a defining feature of Klal Yisrael, that it had to be given as a prerequisite to Yetzias Mitzrayim, even before the mitzvos of Korban Pesach, chametz, and matzah?

Comparable to the Moon

The concept of Rosh Chodesh is that Klal Yisrael counts the months and years according to the moon, whereas the nations of the world count them according to the sun. In general, Klal Yisrael is compared to the moon and the other nations to the sun. When thereโ€™s a solar eclipse, Chazal say, itโ€™s an inauspicious omen for the nations, and when thereโ€™s a lunar eclipse, thatโ€™s an omen for Klal Yisrael. The Sforno observes that the difference between the sun and the moon relates not only to how much light each one gives off. Rather, their respective illuminations are entirely different: The sun generates its own light, while the moon has no light of its own. It is basically just a rock, and it receives its radiance entirely from the sun.

Similarly, continues the Sforno, the nations each have their own culture and give off their own โ€œlightโ€ โ€“ some better and some worse โ€” and in that sense they are comparable to the sun. The nations each stand for something, believe in something, behave in a certain way, and have certain values, as well as their own ideas of whatโ€™s right and wrong. Klal Yisrael, on the other hand, is comparable to the moon, in the sense that their essence is defined by a total lack of culture. Klal Yisraelโ€™s entire โ€œcultureโ€ is that we reflect the light of Hakadosh Baruch Hu.

Klal Yisrael was created with nothing of themselves, but that nothingness really gives them everything. Because the non-Jews have their own light, for better or for worse, they canโ€™t be a receptacle that reflects the light of Hakadosh Baruch Hu.

R’ Yochanan ben Zakkai declared that Klal Yisrael is fortunate โ€” ืืฉืจื™ื›ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ โ€” because when we rise, we rise to the highest heights, but when we fall, we fall to the lowest depths, lower than all other nations, and even lower than the animals of the other nations. Why are Klal Yisrael considered fortunate that we fall so low? Because our falling to the lowest depths when we are not doing Hashemโ€™s will reflects the fact that we have nothing else to offer. A Yid has nothing of his own; his whole maalah is that he shines the light of Hashem. So when Klal Yisrael shines the light of Hashem properly, we rise to the highest places, and when we donโ€™t, we have nothing to offer.

This idea sheds light on the famous words of R’ Saadiah Gaon: ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืชื ื• ืื•ืžื” ืืœื ื‘ืชื•ืจืชื” โ€” our nation is only a nation by virtue of our Torah. Klal Yisrael has no identification as a nation other than through the Torah, and thatโ€™s why we are compared to the moon, which has no light of its own.

This explains why the middah of anavah is so fundamental to Klal Yisraelโ€™s existence. An anav is a person who does not โ€œriseโ€ โ€” like chametz โ€” and become full of his own greatness and puffed up with self-importance. Rather, he is always prepared to be mekabel, and allows the radiance of Hakadosh Baruch Hu to shine through him. It is this middah that makes us comparable to the moon.

A baal gaavah, on the other hand, is likened to dough that rises, as he becomes puffed up with all of his imaginary maalos. He is not willing to be mekabel from anyone else, because in his mind he has everything himself.

This is Klal Yisraelโ€™s most important middah, and if we donโ€™t possess this attribute, we canโ€™t fulfill our tafkid. Thatโ€™s why Hakadosh Baruch Hu gave us the first mitzvah, ื”ึทื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ื”ึทื–ึถึผื” ืœึธื›ึถื, right at the beginning: ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืžืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื—ืจืช ืžื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื—ืงื™ ืจืืฉื™ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื ืงื‘ืข. By doing so, He conveyed to us what our tachlis is in this world: to recognize our own nothingness and thereby shine the light of Hakadosh Baruch Hu, Who is everything. We then received the mitzvos of eating matzah and avoiding chametz, which reflects the same message of anavah.

The more that a Yid reduces himself and recognizes his own nothingness, negating himself before Hakadosh Baruch Hu, the more he is able to fulfill his tafkid.

We should all be zocheh to radiate the light of Hashem and merit the geulah sheleimah, ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืืžืŸ.

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