VayikraVayikra

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•

Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Sar haTorah Hagaon Harav Chaim Shmulevitz, ztโ€l

ื•ื™ืงืจื ืืœ ืžืฉื” (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื, ื)
ืขืฉืจ ืฉืžื•ืช ื ืงืจืื• ืœื• ืœืžืฉื”, ื™ืจื“, ื—ื‘ืจ, ื™ืงื•ืชื™ืืœ, ืื‘ื™ื’ื“ื•ืจ, ืื‘ื™ ืกื•ื›ื•, ืื‘ื™ ื–ื ื•ื— ื•ื›ื•’, ื™ืจื“ – ืฉื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืžืœืžืขืœื” ืœืžื˜ื”, ืื‘ื™ื’ื“ื•ืจ – ื”ืจื‘ื” ื’ื•ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืขืžื“ื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืื‘ื™ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืœืŸ, ื—ื‘ืจ – ืฉื—ื™ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ืœืื‘ื™ื”ืŸ ืฉื‘ืฉืžื™ื, ืื‘ื™ ืกื•ื›ื• – ืื‘ื™ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืฉืกื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื›ื•’. ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืœืžืฉื” ื—ื™ื™ืš ืžื›ืœ ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉื ืงืจื ืœืš, ืื™ื ื™ ืงื•ืจื ืื•ืชืš ืืœื ื‘ืฉื ืฉืงืจืืชืš ื‘ืชื™ื” ื‘ืช ืคืจืขื” “ื•ืชืงืจื ืฉืžื• ืžืฉื”” (ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘, ื™), ื•ื™ืงืจื ืืœ ืžืฉื””. (ื•ื™ืงืจื ืจื‘ื” ื,ื’)

ื”ืงืฉื” ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉื””ืช ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืžื•ืืœื‘ื™ืฅ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื”: ืื™ื–ื• ืžืขืœื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ืฉื “ืžืฉื”” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืืจ ืฉืžื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืฉืืช ืืช ื’ื“ืœื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”, ื•ื›ื’ื•ืŸ “ื—ื‘ืจ – ืฉื—ื™ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ืœืื‘ื™ื”ื ืฉื‘ืฉืžื™ื”, ืื• “ืื‘ื™ ืกื•ื›ื• – ืื‘ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื”. ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชืžื•ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืืœ ืžืฉื” ื•ืžืขื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื“ืœื•ืชื•, ื”ืจื™ ื”ืฉื ืžืฉื” ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืžืฉื” ื›ืœืœ ืืœื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื”ืฆืœื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ื” ื‘ืช ืคืจืขื”, ื•ื›ื ืืžืจ “ื•ืชืงืจื ืืช ืฉืžื• ืžืฉื” ื•ืชืืžืจ ื›ื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ืžืฉื™ืชื™ื”ื•”.

ื•ื‘ื™ืืจ, ื›ื™ ืื›ืŸ ื ืงืจื ืžืฉื” ื‘ืฉืžื•, ืขืœ ืฉื ืžืฉื™ื™ืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ืข”ื™ ื‘ืชื™ื” ื‘ืช ืคืจืขื”, ื•ืื•ืœื ืžืขืฉื” ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ื” ื‘ืช ืคืจืขื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืขืฉื” ืฉืœ ืžื” ื‘ื›ืš, ืืœื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืงืจื‘ื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืขื‘ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ืช ืื‘ื™ื” ื”ืžืœืš ื•ื”ืคืจื” ืืช ื’ื–ื™ืจืชื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ืžืฉื”.

ื›ื— ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื”ืฆืœืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”, ื ื‘ืœืข ื‘ื“ืžื•, ื‘ืจืž”ื— ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื• ื•ื‘ืฉืก”ื” ื’ื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื•, ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื•ืชืŸ ืžืขื ื™ืง ืœืžืงื‘ืœ ื”ืจื™ื”ื• ื—ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ื• ืžื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ืœืœื ืฉื™ื•ืจ, ื ืžืฆื ืื™ืคื•ื, ืฉื›ื— ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื• ื‘ืžืฉื”, ืžืงื•ืจื• ื•ื™ืกื•ื“ื• ื‘ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ื” ื‘ืช ืคืจืขื”.

ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืžื›ืœ ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื• ืœืžืฉื” ืœื ืงืจืื• ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืืœื ื‘ืฉื “ืžืฉื”” ืฉืงืจืืชื• ื‘ืชื™ื” ื‘ืช ืคืจืขื”, ื›ื™ ืฉื ื–ื” ืžื‘ื˜ื ื•ืžืกืžืœ ืืช ืขืฆื ืชื›ื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื•, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ื— ื•ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ื–ื›ื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช.

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื

Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Nosson Tzvi Finkel ztโ€l

ืขืžืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื””ื–
ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชืŸ ืฆื‘ื™ ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื” ื”ื™ื• ืžืงืฉื” ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ืœืœื ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืงื•ืคืช “ื”ื–ืžืŸ” ืœื™ืžื™ “ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื”, ืฉื‘ืช, ื—ื’ ื•ื—ื•ื””ืž.

ื‘ื›ืœ ืกื•ืฃ “ื–ืžืŸ” ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžืกื›ืช ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืžืกื›ืช ืฉืœ “ื–ืžืŸ” ื”ื‘ื ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ื›ืš ื‘ืจืฆื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ “ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื”.

ืฉื ื” ืื—ืช, ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื ื™ืกืŸ, ื”ื’ื™ืข ืื—ื“ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื•ืช ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืœืžื“ ืื™ืชื• ืืช ื”ื“ืฃ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ. ื‘ืชื•ืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืจืจ ืงื•ืฉื™ื” ื•ืœื ืžืฆื ืœื” ืžื–ื•ืจ. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืจืฅ ืืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœืขืžื•ืœ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื. ื”ื•ื ื ื˜ืœ ืืช ืขื˜ื• ื•ื”ื—ืœ ืœืกื›ื ืืช ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ืจืฉ”ื™ ื•ืชื•ืก’ ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืกื›ืช, ืื•ืœื™ ืžืชื•ื›ืŸ ื™ืžืฆื ืžื–ื•ืจ ืœืงื•ืฉื™ื™ืชื•, ืืš ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—.

ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ืดื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ืืด ื›ื•ืœืœ ื™ืžื™ ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“, ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืคืจืง ื–ืžืŸ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ื” ื–ื• ื•ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—. ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื” ืžืกื“ืจ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืืช ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžื ืกื” ืžืชื•ื›ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ, ืืš ืœืœื ื”ืฆืœื—ื”. ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ื ืœืคื ื™ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืžืกื•ื“ืจื™ื ืืฆืœื• ื›ื“ื‘ืขื™. ืœืžื—ืจืช ืืžืจ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื ืคืœื ื•ื‘ื• ืžื”ืœืš ื‘ื ื•ื™ ืœืชืœืคื™ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ. ื›ืฉืฉืืœื• ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืžืชื™ ื”ืชื‘ื”ืจื” ืืฆืœื• ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื” ืขืžืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืฉืœื, ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืžืจืŸ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ืฉืจืง ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ.

ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืœื›ื”

Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shpitzer Shlita

ื•ื™ืงืจื

ืžืœื™ื—ื” ื•ื”ื‘ืขืจื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืช

ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืงืจื‘ื ืš ืชืงืจื™ื‘ ืžืœื—, ื•ื“ืจืฉื• ืžื ื—ื•ืช ื›”ื ืชืงืจื™ื‘ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ื”ืงืฉื” ื”ืžืœ”ืž ืคื™”ื ืžืฉื‘ืช ื””ื” ืืžืื™ ื‘ืขื™ ืงืจื ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืœื™ื—ื” ื’ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื”ืœื ืื™ืŸ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื™ืŸ, ื•ืชื™’ ื”ืฉืค”ื ื“ืื™ืŸ ื ”ืž ืœืžืœื™ื—ื” ืืœื ืœื”ืงื˜ืจื” ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืงื˜ื™ืจ ื”ืžืœื—. (ื•ื›”ื› ืจืข”ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืœ”ืž ื‘ืฉื ืฉื•”ืช ืžื”ืจ”ื ืจื•ื˜ื ื‘ื•ืจื’, ื•ื›”ื› ืฉื•”ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืžืื™ืจ ืกื™’ ื›’ ื•ื‘ื’ืจื™”ื–). ืืš ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืฉืค”ื ื“ืœืž”ื“ ืžืจื‘ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืžื””ืช ื”ื› ืื™ืŸ ืœืชืจืฅ ื›ืŸ.

ื•ื™”ืœ ืœืคื™ ื”ืจืฉื‘”ื ื“ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื”ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ื™ื”ื• ืžืคืงืช ื•ืœื ืžืฉื•ื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืื™ืฉืชืจื™, ื”ื› ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืžืจื‘ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ืžืœื—.

ืื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืคื™ ืืžืจื™ ืžืฉื” ืœ’ ื™”ื’ ื“ืจื‘ื•ื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืืกื•ืจ ืจืง ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืฉื”ื› ื‘ืžื‘ืขื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืžื‘ืขื™ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืงื˜ืŸ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ”ืž ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœืงื˜ืŸ, ื•ืข’ ืฉืฉ”ื› ืœ”ื‘ ืฆ’, ื•ื”ื› ืœื›ื•”ืข ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืงื˜ื™ืจ ืขื ืžืœื—.

(ืื›ืŸ ื™”ืœ ื›ืž”ืฉ ืžื ื—ืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ื—”ื‘ ืขืž’ ืงื›”ื— ื“ื‘ืžืงื˜ื™ืจ ื”ืžืœื— ื”ืจื™ ืืžืจื• ื‘ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื ืง”ื— ืข”ื ืื ืคื™ืจืฉ ื”ืžืœื— ืžืฆื•ื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœืžื•ืœื—ื• ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืข”ื’ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื”, ื•ื”ื› ื”ื•ื™ ืžืœืื›ื” ืœืขืฆืžื•).

ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืชื™’ ืžืฉื•ื ื”ืงื˜ืจืช ื”ืžืœื— ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื—”ืก ื—”ื– ืœ’ ื“ืžืœื— ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืืฉ ืื™ื ื• ื“ื•ืœืง ืืœื ื ื™ืชืš ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ืžื‘ืขื™ืจ, ื•ืข’ ื’ืจ”ื– ืชืฆ”ื” ื‘ืงื•”ื ื‘’ ื“ื›ืœื•ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ืžื‘ืขื™ืจ ืืœื ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืืฉ. ืื›ืŸ ื‘ืื‘ื ื™ ื ื–ืจ ืจืœ”ื— ื—ื•ืœืง ื•ืก”ืœ ื“ื›ืœื•ื™ ื”ืขืฆื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืœืื›ื”, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืจืื™ื” ืžืฉืจื™ืคืช ื—ืžืฅ, ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ืฉ ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืžื”ืจ”ื ื•ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ”ืœ.

ื•ื›ืžื•”ื› ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืื™ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ื”ืžืœื—, ื•ืข’ ื—”ืก ื™ื•”ื“ ืฆ”ื‘ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืจื™ืคื” ืื™ ื”ื•ื™ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ื‘ื‘”ื— ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช.

ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืฉื 'ืžืฉื”' - ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ

Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Nosson Tzvi Finkel ztโ€l

“ืขืฉืจื” ืฉืžื•ืช ื ืงืจืื• ืœื• ืœืžืฉื”, ื™ืจื“, ื—ื‘ืจ, ื™ืงื•ืชื™ืืœ, ืื‘ื™ – ื’ื“ื•ืจ, ืื‘ื™ – ืกื•ื›ื•, ืื‘ื™ – ื–ื ื•ื—”, “ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืœืžืฉื”, ื—ื™ื™ืš ืžื›ืœ ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉื ืงืจื ืœืš ืื™ื ื™ ืงื•ืจื ืื•ืชืš ืืœื ื‘ืฉื ืฉืงืจืืชืš ื‘ืชื™ื” ื‘ืช ืคืจืขื” ‘ื•ืชืงืจื ืฉืžื• ืžืฉื”’ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘, ื™), ‘ื•ื™ืงืจื ืืœ ืžืฉื”’ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื, ื)” (ื•ื™ืง”ืจ ื, ื’).

ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ, ืฉืืฃ ืฉื ืงืจื ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ืขืฉืจ ืฉืžื•ืช, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืœื ืงืจื ืœื• ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืืœื ื‘ืฉื ืžืฉื”. ื•ื”ื ื”, ื ืชื™ื ืช ‘ืฉื’ ืื™ื ื” ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื” ื‘ื›ืš, ืืœื ื—ื›ืžื” ื ืคืœืื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื ืชืŸ ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื•ืื™ื, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื™ืชื ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ (ื‘ืจ”ืจ ื™ื–, ื“): “ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื‘ื ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืœื‘ืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื ืžืœืš ื‘ืžืœืื›ื™ ื”ืฉืจืช, ืืžืจ ืœื”ืŸ: ‘ื ืขืฉื” ืื“ื’ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื, ื›ื•): ืืžืจื• ืœื• ‘ืื“ื ื–ื” ืžื” ื˜ื™ื‘ื•’, ืืžืจ ืœื”ืŸ ‘ื—ื›ืžืชื• ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ืžืฉืœื›ื’, ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื”ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื”ืžื” ื•ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื” ื•ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฃ, ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ‘ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืžื•’ ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ืŸ, ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืื“ื ืืžืจ ืœื• ‘ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืžื•’, ืืžืจ, ‘ื–ื” ืฉื•ืจ’, ‘ื–ื” ื—ืžื•ืจ’, ‘ื–ื” ืกื•ืก’ ื•ื–ื” ื’ืžืœ’. ‘ื•ืืชื” ืžื” ืฉืžืš’, ืืžืจ ืœื• ‘ืื ื™ ื ืื” ืœื”ืงืจื ืื“ื ืฉื ื‘ืจืืชื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืื“ืžื”’. ‘ื•ืื ื™ ืžื” ืฉืžื™’, ืืžืจ ืœื• ‘ืœืš ื ืื” ืœื”ืงืจืื•ืช ื-ื“-ื -ื™ ืฉืืชื” ืื“ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื‘ืจื™ื•ืชื™ืš’. ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ืื—ื, ‘ืื ื™ ื”’ ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื™’ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืžื‘, ื—), ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื™ ืฉืงืจื ืœื™ ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ”.

ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉื – ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœืžื”ื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ

ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืฉื™ื“ืข ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืชืช ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื•ืื™ื, ื ืืžืจ ืขืœื™ื• “ื—ื›ืžืชื• ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ืžืฉืœื›ื”. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื‘ืžืœืื›ื” ื–ื• ื˜ืžื•ื ื” ื—ื›ืžื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื” – ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ. ื”ืฉื ‘ืฉื•ืจ’ ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืจ, ื”ืฉื ‘ื—ืžื•ืจ’ ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืกื’, ื) ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืคื•ืช: “ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ‘ืฉืœืš’, ื–ื” ื”ืฉื•ืœื” ื“ื’ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื, ‘ื“ื•ื›ื™ืคืช’, ืฉื”ื•ื“ื• ื›ืคื•ืช ื•ื›ื•’, ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ, ืœืžื” ื ืงืจื ืฉืžื• ‘ืจื—ื’, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื ืจื—ื ื‘ืื• ืจื—ืžื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ื›ื•’, ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื” ื–ื• ื“ื™ื” ืœื‘ื ื”, ืœืžื” ื ืงืจื ืฉืžื” ‘ื—ืกื™ื“ื”’, ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื™ื”, ื”ืื ืคื” ื–ื• ื“ื™ื” ืจื’ื–ื ื™ืช, ืœืžื” ื ืงืจื ืฉืžื” ‘ืื ืคื”’, ืฉืžื ืืคืช ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื™ื””.

ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ืžื‘ืืจื™ื ื—ื–”ืœ (ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื™ื’, ื) ืืช ืžื”ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉืžื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื•: “ืœืžื” ื ืงืจื ืฉืžื• ‘ื™ืจื“’ ืฉื™ืจื“ ืœื”ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืŸ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื•, ‘ื’ื“ื•ืจ’ ืฉื’ื“ืจ ืคืจืฆื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ‘ื—ื‘ืจ’ ืฉื—ื™ื‘ืจ ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื‘ื™ื”ืŸ ืฉื‘ืฉืžื™ื, ‘ืกื•ื›ื•’ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืœื”ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืกื•ื›ื”, ‘ื™ืงื•ืชื™ืืœ’ ืฉืงื•ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืœ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื•, ‘ื–ื ื•ื—’ ืฉื”ื–ื ื™ื— ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ‘ืื‘ื™’ ‘ืื‘ื™’ ‘ืื‘ื™’ ืื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืื‘ ื‘ื—ื›ืžื”, ืื‘ ื‘ื ื‘ื™ืื•ืช”.

‘ืžืฉื”’ โ€“ ืฉื ืฉืœ ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ

ื•ื”ื ื”, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉืžื•ืช ืืœื• ืžื‘ื˜ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื’ื“ืœื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ืžืขืฉื™ื•, ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืœืžืฉื”: “ื—ื™ื™ืš ืžื›ืœ ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉื ืงืจื ืœืš ืื™ื ื™ ืงื•ืจื ืื•ืชืš ืืœื ื‘ืฉื ืฉืงืจืืชืš ื‘ืชื™ื” ื‘ืช ืคืจืขื””. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ, ื”ืœื ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืฉืžื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ืืช ื’ื“ืœื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืฉืืช. ื”ืฉื ‘ืžืฉื”’ ืื™ื ื• ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืชื›ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืžืขืฉื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื•, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ืชื™ื” ื‘ืช ืคืจืขื” ื ืชื ื” ืœื• ืฉื ื–ื” ืขืœ ืฉื ืฉื”ืฆื™ืœืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ืžื™ื, ื›ื›ืชื•ื‘ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘, ื™): “ื•ืชื‘ื™ืื”ื• ืœื‘ืช ืคืจืขื” ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืœื” ืœื‘ืŸ ื•ืชืงืจื ืฉืžื• ืžืฉื” ื•ืชืืžืจ ื›ื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ืžืฉื™ืชื”ื•”. ื ืžืฆื ืฉืฉื ื–ื” ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ืžืขืฉื™ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ื” – ืฉืžืฉืชื”ื• ืื•ืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ืžื™ื, ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ื—ืจ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืฉื ื–ื” ื‘ืงืจื™ืืชื• ืœืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื•.

ื‘ื™ืืจ ื‘ื–ื” ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืจ”ื— ืฉืžื•ืืœื‘ื™ืฅ ื–ืฆ”ืœ (ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจ, ืžืืžืจ ‘ื•ื™ืงืจื ืืœ ืžืฉื”’), ืฉื‘ืชื™ื” ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื” ืžืกืจื” ืืช ื ืคืฉื” ื‘ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฆืœืช ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื•. ื‘ืชื™ื” ื™ื“ืขื” ืฉืื‘ื™ื” ืฆื™ื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืฉืœื™ืš ืœื™ืื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื”ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื™ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™, ื•ืื ืชืฆื™ืœ ืื•ืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืื•ืจ ืชืคืจ ืืช ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ืื‘ื™ื”. ื‘ื–ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ืขืœ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ืžืœืš ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืฉืœื—ื” ืืช ื™ื“ื” ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื™ืื•ืจ ื•ื”ืฆื™ืœื” ืืช ืžืฉื” ื‘ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ, ื ื›ื ืก ื›ื— ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ื‘ื’ื•ืคื• ื•ื‘ื ืคืฉื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื•. ื”ืฉื ‘ืžืฉื”’ ืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืชื™ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืืœื ืืช ืžืงื•ืจ ืžื™ื“ืช ื”’ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ’ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื•, ื•ืืช ืžื”ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื›ืจื•ืขื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ [ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ืชื‘ืืจ ืœื”ืœืŸ]!

ืžืขืฉื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืฉืจื™ืฉ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื ืคืฉ ื”ืื“ื ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช

ื™ืกื•ื“ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื•, ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ (ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืค”ื“, ื””ื): “ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืชื ื•ืช ื ืชืŸ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืจื—ืžื ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื’ื•ืžืœื™ ื—ืกื“ื™ื”, ื•ื‘ื™ืืจื” ื”ื’ืžืจื: “ื’ื•ืžืœื™ ื—ืกื“ื™ื ืžื ื™ืŸ, ‘ื•ืฉืžืจ ื”’ ืืœื•ื”ื™ืš ืœืš ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ืืช ื”ื—ืกื“’ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื–, ื™ื‘)”. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ, ื”ืœื ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืงื‘”ื” ื™ืชื ื”ื’ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื—ืกื“, ื•ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืžืจื•ืžื– ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” ืฉืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื—ืกื“ ื ื˜ื•ืขื” ื‘ื ืคืฉื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ืžื•ื›ื—, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืงื‘”ื” ื ื”ื’ ืขื ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื—ืกื“, ื”ื•ืฉืจืฉื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื–ื• ื‘ืขื•ืžืง ื ืคืฉื, ืขื“ ืฉืžื™ื“ืช ‘ื’ืžื™ืœื•ืช ื—ืกื“’ ื ืขืฉืชื” ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืกื™ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื›ืจ ืœืžื”ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™. ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ืžืชื‘ืืจืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื—ื–”ืœ, ืฉืžื™ื“ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืžืชื ื” ืืฉืจ “ื ืชืŸ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ”. ื›ืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžื”ืงื‘”ื” ืืช ื›ื— ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ืกื“, ื•ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื’ื•ืžืœื™ ื—ืกื“ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื‘ืขื ื•.

ื’ื ืžื™ื“ืช ‘ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ’ ืžื•ืฉืจืฉืช ื‘ื ื• ืžื›ื•ื— ืžืขืฉื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•, ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืจื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื (ืื‘ื•ืช ืค”ื” ืž”ื’): “ืฉื ืจืื” ื‘ื—ื•ืฉ ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžืขืžื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžื•ืกืจื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืขืœ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ื ื• ืžืื‘ื™ื ื• ืื‘ืจื”ื, ืฉืžืกืจ ื ืคืฉื• ืœืื•ืจ ื›ืฉื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืืžื•ื ืชื•”. ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืขืงื™ื“ื”, ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืืช ื ืคืฉื• ืœืฉื ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืฉืฆื™ื•ื” ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืœื”ืขืœื•ืชื• ืœืขื•ืœื”, ื ื‘ืข ืžืื•ืชื• ืžืขืฉื” ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื, ืฉืžืกืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืขืœ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”’ ื‘ืื•ืจ ื›ืฉื“ื™ื ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ืœ ืœื• ืžื™ื“ื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ‘ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ‘ื ืคืฉ’. ืžื™ื“ื” ื–ื•, ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ืžืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื™ืฆื—ืง ืื‘ื™ื ื•, ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื” ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ืœืฆืืฆืื™ื• ืœื“ื•ืจื™ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ืฉืจืฉื” ื›’ื˜ื‘ืข’ ื‘ื ืคืฉื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ื™ืขืงื‘.

ื›ื•ื— ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืœื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื–ื” ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื˜ืขื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืงื‘”ื” ืงืจื ืœืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ืฉื ‘ืžืฉื”’, ืืฃ ืฉืฉืžื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื’ื“ืœื•ืชื•. ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืžืžื ื”ื™ื’ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ! ืืฃ ืฉืฉืืจ ืฉืžื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ืžื•ืชื” ื•ืœื ืชื”ื™ื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ “ืื‘ื™, ืื‘ื™, ืื‘ื™” – “ืื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืื‘ ื‘ื—ื›ืžื”, ืื‘ ื‘ื ื‘ื™ืื•ืช”, ืฉื–ื• ืžื”ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• – ืžืงื‘ืœ ื•ืžื•ืกืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืกื™ื ื™ ืœื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื‘ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ืื‘ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืชื›ื•ื ืชื• ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ื›ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื™ื“ืช ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื•ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื•ื™ื—ื™ื“, ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ืงื˜ืŸ. ื”ืฉื ‘ืžืฉื”’ ืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืžืกื•ืจ ื ืคืฉ ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืงื˜ืŸ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื‘ืชื™ื” ืžืกืจื” ืืช ื ืคืฉื” ืœื”ืฆืœืช ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืžืช ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื–ืจืง ืœื™ืื•ืจ, ื•ื‘ืคืงื•ื“ืช ืื‘ื™ื” ื ื’ื–ืจ ื“ื™ื ื• ืœืžื™ืชื”.

ืžื™ื“ื” ื–ื• ื‘ื•ืขืจืช ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืฆืขื™ืจ ืœื™ืžื™ื, ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘, ื™ื): “ื•ื™ื’ื“ืœ ืžืฉื” ื•ื™ืฆื ืืœ ืื—ื™ื• ื•ื™ืจื ื‘ืกื‘ืœื•ืชื”, ื•ื‘ื™ืืจื• ื—ื–”ืœ (ืฉืžื•”ืจ ื, ื›ื–): “ืžื”ื• ‘ื•ื™ืจื’ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืื” ‘ื‘ืกื‘ืœื•ืชื’ ื•ื‘ื•ื›ื” ื•ืื•ืžืจ ื—ื‘ืœ ืœื™ ืขืœื™ื›ื ืžื™ ื™ืชืŸ ืžื•ืชื™ ืขืœื™ื›ื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืžืœืื›ื” ืงืฉื” ืžืžืœืื›ืช ื”ื˜ื™ื˜, ื•ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ื›ืชืคื™ื• ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืŸ”.

ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืžืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ – ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ืœื›ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“

ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื ื‘ื—ื ื• ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉื ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื•ืข ื•ืœื™ืชืŸ ื›ืชืฃ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“, ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืชื ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื ื–ืงืงื™ื. ื•ืœื ืจืง ืœื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื, ืืœื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ (ืฉื ื‘, ื‘): “‘ื”’ ืฆื“ื™ืง ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ’ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื™ื, ื”), ื‘ื“ืง ืœื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืฆืืŸ ื•ืžืฆืื• ืจื•ืขื” ื™ืคื” ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืขื—, ืข): ‘ื•ื™ืงื—ื”ื• ืžืžื›ืœืื•ืช ืฆืืŸ’, ื•ื›ื•’, ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื ืข ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืœืจืขื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืจืขื• ืขืฉื‘ ื”ืจืš, ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื”ื–ืงื ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืจืขื• ืขืฉื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช, ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืื•ื›ืœื™ืŸ ืขืฉื‘ ื”ืงืฉื”. ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘”ื”, ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœืจืขื•ืช ื”ืฆืืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืœืคื™ ื›ื—ื• ื™ื‘ื ื•ื™ืจืขื” ื‘ืขืžื™, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืฉื, ืขื): ‘ืžืื—ืจ ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœืจืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืขืงื‘ ืขืžื•’. ื•ืืฃ ืžืฉื” ืœื ื‘ื—ื ื• ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืืœื ื‘ืฆืืŸ, ืืžืจื• ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•, ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืข”ื” ืจื•ืขื” ืฆืื ื• ืฉืœ ื™ืชืจื• ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจื— ืžืžื ื• ื’ื“ื™ ื•ืจืฅ ืื—ืจื™ื• ืขื“ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื—ืกื™ืช, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื—ืกื™ืช ื ื–ื“ืžื ื” ืœื• ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืขืžื“ ื”ื’ื“ื™ ืœืฉืชื•ืช, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืžืฉื” ืืฆืœื• ืืžืจ, ืื ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืจืฅ ื”ื™ื™ืช ืžืคื ื™ ืฆืžื, ืขื™ืฃ ืืชื”, ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ื• ืขืœ ื›ืชื™ืคื• ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžื”ืœืš. ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘”ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืจื—ืžื™ื ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ืฆืื ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื ื›ืš ื—ื™ื™ืš ืืชื” ืชืจืขื” ืฆืื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ”.

ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš ื ื‘ื—ืจื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจื•ืขื™ื ืœื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื”ื ืžื™ื“ื” ื–ื• ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ืฆืจื›ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื•ื™ื—ื™ื“, ื•ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฉื ื”ืขื ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื• ื•ื’ื ืœืžืฉื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื. ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ื›ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืœื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืื™ืฉ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจ, ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ื“ืจืš ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ื›ืคื™ ื›ื•ื—ื• ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ ืจื•ื—ื•.

ืžื˜ืขื ื–ื” ื ื‘ื—ืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ ื›ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื—ืจ ืคื˜ื™ืจืช ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื•, ื›ื›ืชื•ื‘ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–, ื™ื—): “ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”’ ืืœ ืžืฉื” ืงื— ืœืš ืืช ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืืฉืจ ืจื•ื— ื‘ื•”, ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉ”ื™: ‘ืืฉืจ ืจื•ื— ื‘ื•’ – ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืœื•ืš ื›ื ื’ื“ ืจื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“”. ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื“ืข ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ ืืช ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื”ืฉื›ื™ืœ ื‘ืจื•ื—ื• ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืจื” ืœื“ืขืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“, ื ืžืฆื ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ืืช ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื–ื” ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘, ืžื“ื•ืข ื ืงืจื ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ืฉื ‘ืžืฉื”’ ื•ืœื ื‘ืฉืืจ ืฉืžื•ืชื™ื•, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžื”ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื ืชื™ื ืช ืขื–ืจื” ื•ื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ืฆืœื” ืœื›ืœ ื‘ืจื™ื” ื•ืืฃ ื–ื• ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื”, ื•ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืžื™ื“ื” ื–ื• ืœื ืชื™ืชื›ืŸ ืืœื ื‘ืื“ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ‘ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ’ ื ืงืจื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉื ‘ืžืฉื”’, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื‘ื“ื• ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ืžื™ื“ื” ื–ื• ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื” ื–ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจื•ืขื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื•ื™ืชืŸ, ืฉื ื–ื›ื” ืœื”ืฉืจื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื• ืืช ืื•ืชื ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉื–ื›ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื•ื˜ื‘ืขื• ื‘ื ื•, ื›ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื—ืกื“ ืฉื ื”ื’ ื‘ื ื• ื”ืงื‘”ื”, ื•ื›ืžื™ื“ืช ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืฉื ื”ื’ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ืื•ืจ ื›ืฉื“ื™ื, ื•ื ื–ื›ื” ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืืช ื ืคืฉื ื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืืฃ ืื ื”ื•ื ืžื”ืคื—ื•ืชื™ื ืฉื‘ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช.

[1] ื.ื”. ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘, ื™ื˜) ืฉื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ื‘ื™ืืจ ื‘ื–ื”, ื•ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ื ื•: “ืืžืจื• ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ, ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืœืคื ื™ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืืžืจ ืœื–ื” ื ืื” ืœืงืจื•ืช ื•ื›ื•’. ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ, ืฉื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื—ื›ืžืชื• ืฉื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ืžืื“ ื•ืœื–ื” ืงืจืื• ‘ื—ืžื•ืจ’, ื•ื”ืกื•ืก ืฉืฉืžื— ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ืงืจืื• ื›ืŸ ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ‘ืฉื•ืฉ ืชืฉื™ืฉ’, ื•ื”ื ืฉืจ, ืฉื›ื ืคื™ื• ื ื•ืฉืจื™ื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืืช ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ‘ื›ืœื‘’ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื”ืจืฉ”ื (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืฆื–, ื, ื—”ื): “ื ืจืื” ืœืคืจืฉ ื›ื™ ื ืงืจื ‘ื›ืœื‘’ ื›ื™ ื›ื•ืœื• ืœื‘ ื•ื ืืžืŸ ืœืื“ื•ื ื™ื•”.

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Harav Hagaon Binyamin Cohen Shlita

Beyond the Call of Duty

Parashas Vayikra

Harav Hagaon Binyomin Cohen shlita

Sefer Vayikra begins with a discussion of the korbanos, and the first korban mentioned is a korban nedavah: ืึธื“ึธื ื›ึดึผื™ ื™ึทืงึฐืจึดื™ื‘ ืžึดื›ึถึผื ืงึธืจึฐื‘ึธึผืŸ ืœึทื”’, meaning that the person decides of his own volition to offer a korban.

Shouldnโ€™t the order be the opposite? Would it not make more sense for the Torah to first discuss the obligatory korbanos, such as the chatas and the asham, and only then to discuss to voluntary korbanos?

The Steipler, in Birchas Peretz, asks a related question. If the korban nedavah is so significant, since it brings a person to shleimus, then why didnโ€™t the Torah make it obligatory? The Steipler answers that it is the very element of nedavah โ€” doing more than one is obligated โ€” that brings the person to shleimus. If a person does only what he is required to do, he cannot reach perfection.

This idea is reflected in a teaching of the Rambam (Hilchos Isurei Hamizbeiโ€™ach 7:11). After noting that there are nine levels of oil that are kosher for a minchah, the Rambam wonders what difference there is between them. If theyโ€™re all kosher, then who cares if a person uses a higher-level oil or a lower-level oil? He answers that if a person wishes to purify himself and gain merit, he should overcome his yetzer hara and bring the higher-level oil, going beyond the basic obligation.

He brings proof from the first korban in the Torah.

Kayin and Hevel, we know, both brought korbanos, and both their offerings were technically kosher. Hevel, however, brought from his finest sheep, and Hashem accepted his offering and rejected Kayinโ€™s.

In line with the Rambamโ€™s insight, the Torah emphasizes, ื•ึทื™ึดึผืฉึทืืข ื”’ ืึถืœ ื”ึถื‘ึถืœ ื•ึฐืึถืœ ืžึดื ึฐื—ึธืชื•ึน. Because Hevel overcame his yetzer hara and brought more than the minimum rather than looking simply to be yotzei, he became a better person, and therefore Hashem accepted his offering.

Similarly, the Mesilas Yesharim (ch. 18) explains that the basis of chassidus is not contenting oneself with merely fulfilling the basic obligations commanded by the Torah. A chassid seeks not only to discharge his duty, but to do more than he is required to. The Ramchal adds that this desire to do more stems from ahavas Hashem.

Just as ahavah leads to nedivus, nedivus leads to ahavah. Therefore, says the Steipler, the korban nedavah canโ€™t be obligatory, because the only way to achieve shleimus is through doing more than one is obligated to do. That is why the Torah gave us this concept of a korban nedavah.

With this in mind, we can suggest that the Torah discusses a korban nedavah first because this korban has the power to break a personโ€™s yetzer hara and purify him, as the Rambam teaches.

The Sliding Scale

Another lesson that we learn from the korbanos relates to the three price categories of the offerings. First, the Torah discusses a korban brought min habeheimah, then it discusses a korban brought min hatzon, and finally it discusses a korban brought min haโ€™of. A wealthy person brings a bull, someone who is not as wealthy brings a sheep or a goat, and a pauper brings a bird. Later in the parashah, the Torah presents three levels of value for even an obligatory korban: a rich person brings a beheimah, a poor person brings two birds, and an even poorer person brings a minchah of fine flour.

This sliding scale is unique to korbanos. The Torah does not differentiate between rich and poor people when it comes to other mitzvos, such as matzah, or lulav and esrog. Why are korbanos different in this regard?

The Zohar explains that the Torah is teaching us that every person is obligated to bring a korban according to his individual kochos. A rich person is not yotzei with the korban of a pauper because he is capable of bringing more, and a pauper is not expected to bring the korban of a wealthy person.

Thatโ€™s the way you come to kirvas Hashem โ€” by maximizing your unique kochos.

One Purim, R’ Naftali Amsterdam cried to his rebbi, R’ Yisrael Salanter, โ€œIf I would have the head of the Shaagas Aryeh, the heart of the Yesod Vโ€™shoresh Haโ€™avodah, and the middos of Rebbi, then I could become something. Whatโ€™s going to be with me now?โ€

โ€œNaftali,โ€ R’ Yisrael responded, โ€œwith your head, and your heart, and your middos, you will become Naftali Amsterdam.โ€

The Torah wants each person to use his own kochos. Each morning, we say the berachah of ืฉืขืฉื” ืœื™ ื›ืœ ืฆืจื›ื™, declaring that we have everything we need, in all areas, to become great.

The Zohar gives another reason why the Torah differentiates between rich and poor in regard to korbanos. The ani feels bad that he is unable to afford more, so he has a lev nishbar. He therefore does not need to bring the korban of the rich person, since his poverty, tribulations, and resulting broken heart serve as a source of kapparah for him.

The Zohar cites an interesting story of a Yid called โ€œYehudah Achra,โ€ which is Aramaic for โ€œYehudah Acher.โ€ This Yehudah was a very wealthy man, and he had a hirhur ra, for which he was obligated to bring a korban olah. He came to the Beis Hamikdash bearing two birds, but the Kohen, knowing that he was affluent, refused to accept his offering. Yehudah left feeling disappointed and dejected.

Apparently, the Kohen did not divulge his reason for rejecting the korban, but when Yehudah returned home and told his friends what had transpired, they explained that a rich man is not yotzei with the korban of a pauper, and thatโ€™s why his offering had been turned down.

Yehudah then reasoned, โ€œIf I am required to bring an entire beheimah, with all the expense that entails, to atone for a sinful thought, then I had better ensure that this does not happen again.โ€ He concluded that the only way he could prevent himself from stumbling in another hirhur aveirah was by learning Torah, so he resolved to learn each night and work by day.

One day, he met R’ Yosi Saba, and R’ Yosi gave him mussar. โ€œWhy are you busy all day with chayei shaah?โ€ he chided him.

Yehuda accepted this rebuke, and gave half of his money to someone else to invest, while donating the other half to the poor.

Rav Gamliel Rabinowitz explains that the reason he gave this money to the poor was due to his hakaras hatov, since his journey to greatness was sparked by the difference between the korban of an ani and the korban of an ashir. He was called Yehudah Acher, adds Rav Gamliel, because he became a different Yehudah. After he learned Torah, he became a tremendous talmid chacham, known as Yehudah Acher.

Gut Shabbos.

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