ืืืจื ืจืืืชืื ื
ืืืงืจื ืื ืืฉื (ื, ื)
ืขืฉืจ ืฉืืืช ื ืงืจืื ืื ืืืฉื, ืืจื, ืืืจ, ืืงืืชืืื, ืืืืืืืจ, ืืื ืกืืื, ืืื ืื ืื ืืื’, ืืจื – ืฉืืืจืื ืืช ืืฉืืื ื ืืืืขืื ืืืื, ืืืืืืืจ – ืืจืื ืืืืจืื ืขืืื ืืืฉืจืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืฉื ืืืื, ืืืจ – ืฉืืืืจ ืืช ืืื ืื ืืืืืื ืฉืืฉืืื, ืืื ืกืืื – ืืืืื ืฉื ื ืืืืื ืฉืกืืืื ืืจืื ืืงืืืฉ ืืื’. ืืืจ ืื ืืงื”ื ืืืฉื ืืืื ืืื ืฉืืืช ืฉื ืงืจื ืื, ืืื ื ืงืืจื ืืืชื ืืื ืืฉื ืฉืงืจืืชื ืืชืื ืืช ืคืจืขื “ืืชืงืจื ืฉืื ืืฉื” (ืฉืืืช ื, ื), ืืืงืจื ืื ืืฉื”. (ืืืงืจื ืจืื ื, ื)
ืืงืฉื ืืจื ืจืืฉ ืืืฉืืื ืฉื”ืช ืืืืื ืจืื ืืืื ืฉืืืืืืืฅ ืืฆืืง”ื, ืืืื ืืขืื ืืฉ ืืฉื “ืืฉื” ืืืชืจ ืืฉืืจ ืฉืืืชืื ืืืืืืื ืืืืืจื ืืืชืจ ืฉืืช ืืช ืืืืืชื ืฉื ืืฉื, ืืืืื “ืืืจ – ืฉืืืืจ ืืช ืืื ืื ืืืืืื ืฉืืฉืืื”, ืื “ืืื ืกืืื – ืืืืื ืฉื ื ืืืืื”. ืืืืืชืจ ืชืืื ืืืืจ, ืฉืืจื ืืขืื ืืฉืืืช ืืืืจืื ืืชืืืืกืื ืื ืืฉื ืืืขืืืื ืขื ืืืืืชื, ืืจื ืืฉื ืืฉื ืืื ื ื ืืชืืืืก ืืืฉื ืืื ืืื ืืืขืฉื ืืืฆืื ืฉื ืืชืื ืืช ืคืจืขื, ืืื ืืืจ “ืืชืงืจื ืืช ืฉืื ืืฉื ืืชืืืจ ืื ืื ืืืื ืืฉืืชืืื”.
ืืืืืจ, ืื ืืื ื ืงืจื ืืฉื ืืฉืื, ืขื ืฉื ืืฉืืืชื ืื ืืืื ืข”ื ืืชืื ืืช ืคืจืขื, ืืืืื ืืขืฉื ืื ืฉื ืืชืื ืืช ืคืจืขื ืื ืืื ืืขืฉื ืฉื ืื ืืื, ืืื ืืื ืืจืื ืืืกืืจืืช ื ืคืฉ ืืืงืจืื, ืฉืืจื ืขืืจื ืขื ืืฆืืช ืืืื ืืืื ืืืคืจื ืืช ืืืืจืชื ืืื ืืืฆืื ืืช ืืฉื.
ืื ืื ืฉื ืืกืืจืืช ื ืคืฉ ืฉืืื ืืจืื ืืืฆืืชื ืฉื ืืฉื, ื ืืืข ืืืื, ืืจื”ื ืืืืจืื ืืืฉืก”ื ืืืืื ืฉื ืืฉื ืจืืื ื, ืื ืื ืื ืฉืื ืืชื ืืขื ืืง ืืืงืื ืืจืืื ืืืืจ ืื ืืืืืืชืื ืืื ืฉืืืจ, ื ืืฆื ืืืคืื, ืฉืื ืืกืืจืืช ื ืคืฉ ืฉืืืชื ืื ืืืฉื, ืืงืืจื ืืืกืืื ืืืกืืจืืช ื ืคืฉื ืฉื ืืชืื ืืช ืคืจืขื.
ืืืคืืื, ืืื ืืฉืืืช ืฉืืื ืื ืืืฉื ืื ืงืจืื ืืงื”ื ืืื ืืฉื “ืืฉื” ืฉืงืจืืชื ืืชืื ืืช ืคืจืขื, ืื ืฉื ืื ืืืื ืืืกืื ืืช ืขืฆื ืชืืื ืชื ืฉื ืืฉื ืจืืื ื, ืืขื ืืื ืื ืืชืืื ื ืื ืฉื ืืกืืจืืช ื ืคืฉ ืืื ืืืฉืื ืืช ืื ืฉืืจ ืืืจืืืช ืืืืขืืืช.
ืืืจื ืืืืื
Finkel, Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Nosson Tzvi ztโl
ืขืื ืืชืืจื ืืืื”ื
ืื ืืืื ืฉื ืืจื ืจืืฉ ืืืฉืืื ืืืืื ืจืื ื ืชื ืฆืื ืคืื ืงื ืืฆืืง”ื ืืื ืืงืฉื ืืืช ืฉื ืชืืจื, ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืชืงืืคืช “ืืืื” ืืืื “ืืื ืืืื ืื”, ืฉืืช, ืื ืืืื”ื.
ืืื ืกืืฃ “ืืื” ืืืฉืืื, ืืื ืืืืจ ืืฉืืขืืจ ืืืืจืื ืขื ืืืกืืช ืืื ืืืืืื ืืืกืืช ืฉื “ืืื” ืืื ืืืื ืืืฉืื ืืื ืืจืฆืืคืืช ืืื ืืื “ืืื ืืืื ืื”.
ืฉื ื ืืืช, ืืชืืืืช ืืืืฉ ื ืืกื, ืืืืข ืืื ืืืืจืืชืืช ืืจืืื ื ืืื ืืืชื ืืช ืืืฃ ืืจืืฉืื ืืืกืืช ืืืืื. ืืชืื ืืืจืื ืืื ืขืืจืจ ืงืืฉืื ืืื ืืฆื ืื ืืืืจ. ืืื ืืชืจืฅ ืืช ืืกืืืื ืืืืื ืืขืืื ืืืืืื ืืืื ืืช ืืกืืืื. ืืื ื ืื ืืช ืขืื ืืืื ืืกืื ืืช ืืืืืงืืช ืจืฉ”ื ืืชืืก’ ืืขืืื ืืจืืฉืื ืฉื ืืืกืืช, ืืืื ืืชืืื ืืืฆื ืืืืจ ืืงืืฉืืืชื, ืื ืื ืืฆืืื.
ืืืฉื ืื ืืื ืดืืื ืืืื ืืืด ืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืขื, ืืื ืืื ืืงืืืฉ ืคืจืง ืืื ืืขืกืืง ืืงืืฉืื ืื ืืื ืืฆืืื. ืฉืื ืืฉืื ืืื ืืกืืจ ืืืชื ืืช ืฉืืืืช ืืจืืฉืื ืื ืืื ืกื ืืชืืื ืืขืืื ืขื ืืืืืจ ืืขื ืื, ืื ืืื ืืฆืืื. ืืคืืื ืืื ืืคื ื ืชืืืืช ืืืื ืืืจ ืืืืจืืชื ืฉืืืืจืื ืขืืืื ืื ืืกืืืจืื ืืฆืื ืืืืขื. ืืืืจืช ืืืจ ืฉืืขืืจ ื ืคืื ืืื ืืืื ืื ืื ืืชืืคืืืช ืืืืืืจ ืืขื ืื. ืืฉืฉืืื ืืืืจืืชื ืืืืจ ืืื ืืชื ืืชืืืจื ืืฆืื ืืกืืืื ืขืืื ืขืื ืืืืฉ ืฉืื, ืืฉืื ืืจื ืืฆ”ื ืฉืจืง ืืืื ืืืืจืื ืืฆืืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืฉืืขืืจ.
ืืฉืืืื ืืืื
Shpitzer, Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shlita
ืืืงืจื
ืื ืื ืืจื ืืฉืืื ืืืืืจืช ืืืฅ
ื ืืื ืืืชืื ืืฆื ืืจื ืืื ืืชื ืฉืืื ืขื ืืืืจืช ืืืฅ, ืืืขืืจื ืืืืจืื ืื ืื ืืคืขืืื ืงืื ืื ืืืฅ ืืืจ ืื ืื ืื, ืืจืืฆืื ืฉืืจื ืืืืืจ ืื ืืืฅ ืื ืงื ื ืืืจ ืืื ืื, ืืื ืืืจ ื”ื ืข”ื ืืืจื ืืืื ืืื ืืื ื ืฉืืื ืขื ืืืจ ืฉืื ืื ืืขืืื.
ืืข’ ืขืื ื ืื”ื ื”ื ืฉืืชืืจ ืืฉืื ืืชืคืืกื ืืื ื ืืืฉืื”ื, ืืฉืื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืงื ืืืืื ืืชื, ืืืืื ืฉืืืืจ ืืงืื ืืืืฅ ืืืื ืืื ืืชืคืืกื. ืืข’ ืขืจืื”ืฉ ืชื”ื ื”ื ืืฉืื ืืืืื ืืขืช ืืื ื ืืืืฅ ืืืืื ืืื ืืื ื ืืจืฉืืชื ืื”ืฉ ืืจ”ื ืื”ื. (ืืืื’ ืฆ”ื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืื ื”ื ืืืืฅ ืืื ืืจืฉืืชื ืืืืื ืืืจืื ื ืืืืขืืจ ืื ืืืืจื, ืืื ื ื ืืฆื ืืงืืจ ืืื ืืื”ื ืชื”ื ื’ ืืฉื ืืฉืืช ืื ืืืื ืืื”ื ืืื ื ืงื ืื ืืกืฃ ืืื”ืข, ืืืืจ ืชืื ืืืงื”ื ืฉื ืกืง”ื ืขื ืืืฉืืช ืื ืืืื ืื ”ื ืืืจ”ื ืื”ื ืื ”ื ืืืืจื ืืืืืื ืืื ืืืืืจื. ืืขืืฉ”ื ืืืง”ื).
ืืข’ ืฆืื ืฆืืง ืื”ื ืกื’ ื”ื ืืืื ื ืื ืืฉืขื ืฉืืจื ืืืืจ ืืจื ืืืื ืืืื ืฉืื ืืคื ืื. ืืื ืืืืข ืืฉื ืืงืฆืืช ืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืื. (ืืข”ืฉ ืืฆืื ืฆืืง ืืฉื”ื ืืืฃ ืื”ื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืื ื”ื ืืื ืข”ื ืืืื ืืขืชื ืขืืืฃ, ืืืฉ ืืขืืื ืืื ืืืื, ืืขืื ืืืจื ืืืงืืจ ืืืืจืื ืืืื ืืืื ื ื ืื ืื).
ืืื ืื ืืื ื ืืืื ืืืื, ืืฉ ืื’ ืืื ื ื ืืจ ืฉื”ื ืืืืจ ืืฆืืง ื’ ื’ ืืืืจ ืฉืืืืืช ืืื ืื, ืื ืืื ื ืืืื ืืืื, ืืืืื ืืืื ืืขืชื ืืืขืื ืชืืก’ ืงืืืฉืื ื”ื ืข”ื.
ืืืฉ ืฉืืชืื ืืฉืื ืฉืืฉืื ืืืจื ืืืื ืคืืขื ืืืฉืขืื ืขืฆืื ืืืฉืื”ื. (ืืข”ืข ืืื ืขืื ื ืื”ื ืกืืก”ื ืง”ื ืืขื ืื ืืคืจืฉืช ืชืจื”ื). ืืฆ”ื ืืืข”ื ืืืืื ืืจื ืืฉืขืื ืขืฆืื ืฉืืืืืจ, ื”ื ืืื ืืื ื ืืืืืจื. ืืข”ืข ืืืจื ืืืืืื ื”ื ื”ื ื”ื.
ืืข”ืข ืืจืืืช ืืืฉื ื ืค”ื ืืืจืืฉืื ื”ื (ืืืืืืจื ืงืื ืืจืืฉ ืืกืคืจ) ืฉืืืื ืื’ ืืื ืืืืื ืงืื ืฉืื ืืื ื ืข”ืฉ. ืืขืืงืจ ืืืกืื ืืื ืฉืืืจื ืื ืืืจ ื”ื ืข”ื ืื ืืืืื ื ืืืื ืืขืชื ืขื ืื ืฉื”ื ืื ืืขืฉืืช ืขืืฉืื ืื ืฉื”ื ืื ืืขืฉืืช ืฉืืื ืข”ื ืื”ืฉ ืชืืก’ ืฉื. ืืข”ืข ืืืืช ืื”ื ืค”ื ืืืืฉืืช ื”ื.
ืืขืื ืืืืฉ ืืจืื”ื ืืื ืืชื ืขื ืฉืืืืืช ืืืฉืื”ื ืืจื ืืชืืืชื ืืขืืื ืื ืืืืจ ืืื, ืืืื ื ืื ืื ืื ืืฃ ืฉืืฉืขืช ืืชืืื ืืื ืืืจ ืฉืื ืื ืืขืืื. (ืืข”ืข ืืจื ืืืื ื ืค”ื ืืืขืฉืจ ืืฆืืื ืืืืื ืก”ืง ืง”ื ืืขื ืื ืืคืจืฉืช ืชืจืืืืช ืืืขืฉืจืืช, ืืืฉืขืช ืื ืื ืขืืืื ืื ืงื ื ืืคืืจืืช, ืืืชื ืืฉื ืืืจื”ืฉ ืืฆ”ื ืฉืืืืื ื ืืขืฉื ืืืชื ืฉืืื ืืื ืืื ืืฉืื”ื ืืืื ืืืืืช ืืื ืืื ืืขืื ืืคืืขื ืฉืื ื, ืืขืื ืืืคื ืืจืื”ื ืื ”ื ืื ืืื ื ืืืชื ืืฉืืจ ืืื ื ืื ืืืฉืื”ื). (ืืืื ืืขืื ื ืื”ื ื”ื ืืื”ื ื’ ืคืฉืืื ืืื ืืื ืืื ื ืืคืืื ืืืชื, ืืืื ืืืจืื”ื).
ืืฉืจืืช ืืฉืืื ื ืืืฉืจืื
Chodosh, Maran Hamashgiach Hagaon Harav Aaron ztโl
ืืืืงืื ืืคืจืฉืช ืืฉืืืข (ืชืื): ืจืื ืชื ืืืื ืคืชื ‘ืืฉ ืืื ืืจื ืคื ืื ืื ืืืื ืืงืจ ืฉืคืชื ืืขืช’ (ืืฉืื ืื), ืื ืืื ืฉืืขืืื ืืื ืืฉ ืื ืืกืฃ ืืืื ืืื ืื ืืืืืช ืืืจืืืืืช ืืื ืืืื ืฉืืขืืื ืืืขืช ืืื ืื, ืื ืื ืื ืืฉ ืื. ืืชืื ืืืจ ืืขื ืงื ืืช ืื ืืกืจืช, ืืขื ืืกืจืช ืื ืงื ืืช.
ืืขืื ืฉื (ืชืื): ืืฉ”ื ‘ืืืืื ื ืืืื ืืืจืื’ ืื ืืฉื, ืฉื ืืืจ ‘ืืืงืจื ืื ืืฉื’, ืืืื ืืืจื ืื ืช”ื ืฉืืื ืื ืืขื ื ืืื ืืืื ืืื ื. ืชืืข ืื ืฉืื ืืื, ืฆื ืืืื ืืืฉื ืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืื ืืืืื, ืฉืืืฆืื ืืช ืืฉืจืื ืืืฆืจืื ืื ืขืฉื ื ืกืื ืขื ืืื ื ืคืืืืช ืืืจืฅ ืื ืื ืืจืืืช ืขื ืื ืกืืฃ, ืืขืื ืืฉืื ืืจืื ืืืืจืื ืืชืืจื, ืื ืชืขืกืง ืืืืืืช ืืืฉืื, ืืขืค”ื ืื ื ืื ืก ืืคื ืื ืขื ืฉืงืจื ืื ืฉื ืืืจ ‘ืืืงืจื ืื ืืฉื’, ืขื”ื. ืืฉืืข ืฉืืืื ืืื ืืฉื ืจืืื ื ื ืื ืก ืืื ืฉืงืจืื ืื, ืืื ื ืงืจื ‘ืืกืจ ืืขื. ืืืืืจืื ืฆ”ื.
‘ืืื ืคืงืืื ืืืฉืื ืืฉืื ืืขืืืช’, ืคื’ ืจืฉ”ื: ืืฉืื ืืขืืืช – ืขืืืช ืืืฉืจืื ืฉืืืชืจ ืืงื”ื ืขื ืืขืฉื ืืขืื, ืฉืืจื ืืฉืจื ืฉืืื ืชื ืืื ืืื (ืฉืื”ืจ ื ื, ื), ืขืืืช ืืื ืืื ืขืืื ืฉืืฉ ืกืืืื ืืืฉืจืื, ืืื ืื ืืงื”ื ืืืื ืืช ืืฉืจืื ืืืืืื ืืคื ื ืืจ ืกืื ื ืื ืชื ืืื ืืช ืืชืืจื ืืงืจืื ืืืืืช ืืื ืื, ืืืจ ืืจืืขืื ืืื ืืืื. ืืืชื ืฉืขื ืืืจื ืขืื”ื ืืื ื ืืชืจืฆื ืืื, ืืืื ืฉืืื ืืืงืฉ ืจืืืื ืขืืืื ืืื ืกืื ืืื ืืงื”ื. ืืืจ ืืฉื ืจืืืื ืืขืืื ืืจืื ื ืืคืืืก ืฉืืืืช ืืืฉืจืื, ืืื ืืืืข ืืขืื ื ืื ืืืืืืช ืฉืืื ืืืื ืขืืืื, ื”ื ืืงื”ื ืืืื, ืืจืื ื ืืฉืจื ืฉืืื ืชื ืืชืืื.
ืืืชื ืืืื ื: ืืื ืคืงืืื – ืื ืืจืื ืืื ืืืื ืืงื”ื ืืช ืืืฉืื, ืฉืื ืื ืืช ืืขืืืื ืื ืืฉืื ืืชืื ืืืฉืื. ืืจ”ืฉ ืขืืงืจ ืฉืืื ื ืืชืืชืื ืื ืืืชื, ืฉื ืืืจ ‘ืืืฉืืข ืืช ืงืื ื’ ืืืงืื ืืชืื ืืื’, ืื ืืื ืืืื ื ืกืชืืงื ืื ืืืจืฅ ืืฉืืื, ืขืื ืงืื ืืืจื ืืช ืืื ื ืกืชืืงื ืื ืืจืงืืข ืืจืืฉืื ืืฉื ื, ืขืื ืืืจ ืื ืืฉ ืืืืขืืกื ืืคื ืื ืืื’, ืขืืื ืืืจืคื ืืืืจืื ื ืกืชืืงื ืื ืืฉืืฉื ืืฉืืืขื, ืขืื ืืืจืื ืืกืืื ืืขืฉืื ืืืืื ื ืืฉืื ืืฉืืื ื ืื ืืฉืืืขื ืืฉืืฉื, ืืฆืืง ืืฉืื ืื ืืฉืืฉื ืืืืืฉื ืืื’ ืขืืจื ืืฉืื ืื ืืฉื ื ืืจืืฉืื, ืืฉื ืืืื ืฉืืืงื ืืืฉืื ืืืจืืื.
ืืืื ื ืืืืืจืฉืื ืฉืืฉืจืืช ืืฉืืื ื ืืืฉืจืื ืืื ืืืืืชื ืฉื ืืฉื ืจืืื ื ืข”ื.
ืืขืื ืืืชื ืืชื ืืืื (ืคืงืืื ืื) ืขืืค”ืก ‘ืืืืืื ืืช ืืืฉืื ืื ืืฉื’: ืืืื ืฉืืืจื ืืืืืช ืืืฉืื, ืืื ืืืฉืืื ืืืฆืคืื ืืืืชื ืชืืื ืฉืืื ื ืืชืฉืจื ืื, ืืืื ืืฆืืขืจืื ืืื ืืคื ื ืฉืื ืฉืจืชื ืฉืืื ื ืขืืื. ืื ืขืฉื, ืืืื ืืื ืืฆื ืืืื ืื. ืืืจื ืืื ืืื ืืชื ืืืฉืืื, ืืขืืืื ืืชื ืืช ืืืฉืื ืืชืฉืจื ืฉืืื ื ืืื ืืชืื ื. ืืื ืืืงืฉืื ืืืขืืืื, ืืื ืืื ืืืืขืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืืขืืืื. ืืืฉืื ืืืฉืืื ืืืขืืืื, ืืื ื ืืคื. ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืฆื ืืฆืืื ืืืืืืื, ืืืจื ืืื ืืืื ืืชื ืืืขืืืื ืืืฉืื ืฉืืชื ืขืฉืืชื ืืืชื, ืฉืื ืขื ืืืื ืจืืื ืืขืืื. ืืื ืืชืืืื ืืืขืืืื ืืื ืืืื, ืืื’. ื ืื ืกื ืื ืืฉืจืื ืืฆื ืืฉื, ืืืจื ืืฉื ืจืื ื, ืื ืื ืฉืืืจืช ืื ื ืขืฉืื ื, ืืื ืื ืฉืฆืืืืืชื ื ืืืชื ืืืืืฆืื ื ืชื ื ื ืืื, ืืืจื ืื ืืืืืื ืืคื ืื, ืฉืื ืืกืจื ื ืฉืื ืืืจ ืื ืืืชืจื ื ืขื ืื ืื ืฉืืืจืช ืื ื, ืจืื ืืื ืืคื ืื, ืืื’. ืืืจื ืื: ืืื ืื ืืื ืืื ื ืขืืื, ืฉืืจื ืืืจ ื ืฆืืขืจื ืืฆืืื ืืืืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืขืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืืื. ืืืื ืืฉื ืืืฆืจ ืขื ืืืจ ืื, ืขื ืฉืืืจ ืื ืืงืืืฉ ืืจืื ืืื ืืืฉื, ืืคื ืฉืืืืช ืืืฆืจ ืฉืื ืืื ืื ืขืฉืืื ืืื ืืืง ืืืืืืช ืืืฉืื, ืืคืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืชื ืืืืื ืืืขืืืื, ืืฉืืืื, ืืื ืฉืืืขื ืื ืืฉืจืื, ืฉืื ืขื ืืื ืืื ื ืขืืื, ืฉืื ืืื ื ืขืืื ืืขืืื, ืืืื ื ืืืชื ืื ืืงืื, ืืื ืขื ืืื ืฉื ืืืจ ‘ืืืงื ืืฉื ืืช ืืืฉืื’.
ืืืื ื ืฉืื ืืงืืช ืืืฉืื ื ืงืจืืช ืข”ืฉ ืืฉื ืจืืื ื ืข”ื.
ืืืจื ืื”ื ืฉืืฉื ืืจื ืืืื ืื ืืืืชื ืืืชื ืืขืืื, ืืืฉืืื ืืื ืืจืืฉืื ืืจื ืืืชื ืืขืืื, ืืืงืืืช ืืชืืจื ื ืชืืืื. ืืื ืืืชื ืืืืจืฉ (ืฉืื”ืจ ื ื, ื): ืืฉืขื ืฉื ืชื ืืงืืืฉ ืืจืื ืืื ืืชืืจื ืืืฉืจืื ืื ืืื ืจืืืื ืฉืืฉืืื ืืืื ืืืืช ืืื ืฉื ืืืจ (ืฉืืืช ืื, ืื): “ืืจืืช ืขื ืืืืืืช”, ืืื “ืืจืืช”, ืืื’ ืืืจืืช ืืืืื ืืืืช. ื”ืจ ืคื ืืก ืื ืืื ืืฉื ืจ”ื ืืฉื ืจ”ื ืื ื ืฉื ืจืื ืืืกื ืืืืืื, ืืืจ ืืงื”ื ืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืช ืืืืืจ ืื ืืื ื ืืจืืชื, ืื ื ืืืืจ ืื ืกืืืืื ืจ ืืจืืชืื ืขื ืืขืืืื ืืืืืื ืืื ืขื ืื ื, ืฉืืืื ืฉืงืืื ืืชืืจื ืืืืืฉื ืืงื”ื ืืืื ืืืจื, ืืื’. ืืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืช ืืืื ืืฉืืื ืืื ืืื’, ืืืฉืืืื ืืขืืืจ ืืงื”ื ืืื ืื ืืืชื ืืืื ืฉื ืืืจ (ืฉื, ื) “ืืืชื ืฆืื ืื ื ืืฉืจืื ืืช ืขืืื ืืืจ ืืืจื”.
ืืืื ื ืฉืืฉืืืื ืื ”ื ืืืื ืืขืื ืกืจ ืขืืืื ืืขืืืื ืืืืจื ืืื ืืืืชื, ืื ืืชืืจื ืฉื ืืชื ื ืข”ื ืืฉื ื ืฉืืจื ืืืื.
ืืืืจืฉ (ืฉืื”ืจ ื ื, ื): ืื ืคืชื ืจ’ ืชื ืืืื ‘ืืืฉ ืืืื ืืช ืจื ืืจืืืช ืืชื ืืืฆื’, ืื ืื ืฉืืื ื ืืื ืืงื”ื ืืืื ืืจืืืช ืขื ืืื, ืื ืฉืืื ื ื ืืื ืืืฅ ืืืขืฉืืจ ืื ืื ืงื. ืืืฉ ืืืื ืืช ืื ืืฉื ืฉืืื ื ืืื ื ืฉื ืืงื”ื, ืืื ืืืชื ื ืืื, ืืื ืืืฉ ืืืื ืืช ‘ืจื ืืจืืืช’ – ืฉืื ืืืืจืื ืฉืื’ ืืืืจ ืขืืืื ืืื ืืชืืจืืื ืืคื ืฉืืื ื ืืื, ‘ืืืฅ ืืืขืฉืืจ’ – ืื ืงืจื ืฉืืื ืืื ืืืืงืฉ ืืืืื ืืืื ื ืืืืื, ืืื ืืื ืกืืคื, ืืชืคืชื ืืืจืฅ ืืช ืคืื.
ืืืฉื ื (ืืืืช ื, ื): ืืืื ืื ืืช ืื ืืืื ืืืฃ ืืืืช. ืืืื’ (ืฉืืช ืงืื.) ืช”ืจ ืืื ืืช ืืืืจื ืืืฃ ืืืืช ืื ืื ืืืชื ืืืฃ ืืืืช, ืืืขืฉื ืืืื ืฉืืจื ืืืืื ืืขืืืื ืื ืฉืืจ ืืฆื ืืขื”ื ืืื ืืืจืื ืฉืืฉ ืฉื ืื, ืขืจื ืืื”ื ื”ื ืชื ืื ืฉืืจื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืช ืืฉืชื ืืื ื, ื”ื ืืื ืื ืืขืืช, ื”ื ืชื ืื ืคืืจืืช, ื”ื ืืื ืื ืืื’, ืืคืฉืื ืืืื ืืืืืจืื ืืืื ืืคืื ื ืคืฉ, ืืืืจ ืืจืื ื ืื ืืขื”ื ืฉืืจื ืืืื ืืขืื ืืฉืืื ื’ ืืืืจืื ืืื ืฉื ืืืื ืืฉื ืืฉืชื ืืืืืื ืืืื ืืืืชื, ืืืจ ืฉืืืื ืืฉืชื ื ืชื ืื ืฉืืจื. ื”ื ืืฉืขื ืฉืืืจืชื ืื ืืื ืื ืืขืืช ืืื ืืฉืืชื ื, ืืืจืชื ืฉืื ืคืจืืืืจืื ืืืื ืืื’, ืืืชื ืืฉื ืฉืื ืชื ื ืืืฃ ืืืืช ืื ืืืงืื ืืืื ื ืืืฃ ืืืืช.
ืืืืฉื ื ืฉืงืืื ื, ื: ืืื ืืชืืจื ื ืื ืก ืื ืืคืจืืื ืืคืืช ืืื ืืื ืขื ืืื’, ืฉืื ืืขื ื, ืืืืืจื ืืขืืื ืืืฉืื ืืขื ื, ืื ืฉืื ืืขืฉืืจ ืืืืืจื ืืชืจืืืช ืืืฉืื ืืขืฉืืจ, ืืคื ืฉืืื ืฆืจืื ืืฆืืช ืืื ืืืจืืืช ืืืจื ืฉืืื ืฆืจืื ืืฆืืช ืืื ืืืงืื ืฉื ืืืจ ‘ืืืืืชื ื ืงืืื ืื’ ืืืืฉืจืื’, ืืืืืจ ‘ืืืฆื ืื ืืฉืื ืืื ืืขืื ื ืืืงืื ืืืื’.
ืืืื ื ืืช ืืืืืจืืช ืฉืื ืฆืจืื ืืืื ืื ืืื ืืืคื ืืืจื, ืืืื ื ืืืฃ ืืืืช ืืืืืืช ื ืงื ืืื ื ืืื ืืฉื ืฉืฆืจืื ืืืืืช ื ืงื ืืืืงืื.
ืืืชื ืืืื ื. ืืฉ”ื ‘ืืชืคืืืื ื ืืจืืื ืขืื’ ืืืชืื ืืื ืืืืจ ‘ืชืคืืืื ื ืืจืืื ืขื’, ‘ืืจืืื ืขื’ ืืื ืืืืืืช, ‘ืืจืืื ืขืื’ ืืื ืืฉืจืื. ืืืจ ืืื ืจืืฉ”ืข ืจืืื ืื ืื ืืชื ืืืงืฉ ืฉืืฉืืื ืืืจื, ‘ืชืฉื ืืืืื ืชืืืจ ืืื ืืื ืชืชื ืืืคื’ ืืื’, ืืจืื”ื ืืืจ ืืืจ ืืื ืื ืืืจืช ืืขืฉืื ืฉืืื ืืืื, ืกืืคื ืืืืจ ืืื ืืื ืื ืืฉื ืจืืื ื, ืืข”ื ื ืืืจ ‘ืชืคืืื ื ืืจืืื ืขืื’.
ืืขืื ืืืชื ืฉื ืขื ืืืืจืืชื ืฉื ืืฉื ืจืืื ื: ืืืจ ืืื ืืฉื ืืืื ืืื ื ืขืืฉื ืืคื ืืื ืืฉืืื ืืื’, ืขื ืฉืืื ืืืฉื ืืืืฉื ืฉืื ืืืฃ ืืื’, ืืืจ ืขืืฉืื ืืฉืจืื ืืืฆืืืื ืืืืจ ืืฉื ื ืืื, ืขื ืฉืืงื”ื ืืืืจ ืขืื ืื ืื ืขืฉื ืขืืื, ืืืื ืขืฉื ืขืืื ืืฉืืื ืืืงื”ื ืืืืื ื, ืืื ืฉืฉืืข ืืืฆื ื ืืืืจ ืืืืจืื ืืืจืื ืืื’. ืืงืืื ืื ืฉื ืืืจ ‘ืืืืืชื ื ืงืืื ืื’ ืืืฉืจืื.
ืืฉ ืืฉืืื ืขื ืืืจื ืื”ื ืฉืืจืฉื ืขื ืืคืก’ ‘ืืืงืจื ืื ืืฉื’ – ืืืื ืืืจื ืื ืชืืืื ืฉืืื ืื ืืขื ื ืืื ืืืื ืืื ื. ืืื ืื ื ืืืืืื ืืช ืื ืืืคืก’ ืืื.
ืืืื ืืคืฉืจ ืืืืจ ืข”ืค ืื ืฉืืืจื ืืขืืจืืืื ื ื. ืืืชื ืืฉืื ืื ืชืืื ืืืืืชื ืืขื ื ืืืงืื, ืื ืืื ืืฉืื ืขืฆืื ืืืื ืื ืฉืืืจืกืช ืืืืืืช, ืืืืื ืืืืจื ืฉืืกืจืืช ืืืืืืช, ืชืืืืื ืืชืงืืื ืืืื ืืื’, ืืืจืฉ”ื: ืืกืจืืช- ืฉืื ืื ืขืฆืื ืขื ืืืจื ืชืืจื. ืื”ื ืืฉื ืจืืื ื, ืฉืขื ืฉืื ื ืงืจืืช ืืงืืช ืืืฉืื, ืืืืืืชื ืฉืืจื ืืฉืืื ื ืืืฉืจืื, ืืขื ืืื ื ืืชื ื ืืชืืจื ืืืื ืืขืืื ืืคื ื ืื”ืช ืืืืื ืืช ืืืจ ื’ ืืืฉืจืื, ืืฉืื’ ื ืื ืก ืืืื ืืืขื ืืจื ืื ืืื ืืืืื ืชืืจื ืื”ื ืืืืืจื ืื’ ืฆืจืื ืืืืื ืก ืืข”ืค ืฉืื ื ืงืจื. ืืื ืฉืื ืืื ื ืื ืก ืืื ืฉืืงืจื ืื ืฉืืฉื”ืช ืืงืจื ืื ืื ืืื ืืืชืจ ืืืชื ืื, ืืฉืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืืืกืจ ืืจื ืืจืฅ ืืื ืืืจ ืืืื ื’ืืกืจ ืืขื’, ืืืคื ืฉืืื ืืฉื ืจืืื ื ื ืืืจ ืืืืชืจ ืืืจื ืืจืฅ, ืข”ื ืื ื ืื ืก.
โซโชParshaโฌโฌ โซโชPreview
Friedman, Harav Hagaon Moshe Ahron Shlita
Offer Yourself!
Parashas Vayikra/Hachodesh
Harav Hagaon Moshe Aharon Friedman Shlita
Weโre starting Sefer Vayikra, which is also known as Toras Kohanim. Each of the five Chumashim has another name: Bereishis is called Sefer Hayetzirah, Shemos is called Sefer Hasheini, and so on.
Sefer Hasheini might sound like a technical name, but I once heard that the significance of this name is that Shemos is actually the Sefer Hayetzirah Hasheini. Bereishis discusses the creation of the world, while Shemos discusses the creation of Klal Yisrael.
In Shemos, we have the mitzvah of ืึทืึนืึถืฉื ืึทืึผึถื ืึธืึถื, the first mitzvah given to Klal Yisrael, which represents the yetzirah of Klal Yisrael. As we know, there are different levels in Creation: domem, chai, tzomeiโach and medaber. The creation of Klal Yisrael went beyond that, establishing a new level of creation, because a Yid is on a different level.
Sefer Vayikra is all about korbanos, and the Arizal notes that the korbanos represented all facets of creation. From the world of tzomeiโach, we had oil, flour, and wine. From the world of chai, we had animals. From the world of domem, there was the salt brought with the korbanos. And from the world of medaber there were the kohanim and the people bringing the korban.
Pesach is called Pesach al sheim hadilug, because Hashem skipped over the houses of the Yidden during Makkas Bechoros and spared the Jewish firstborn. Yet we know that the mashchis did not differentiate between good and bad, so how could it have killed only the Egyptian firstborn? Because at the moment of chatzos, Klal Yisrael was born and reached a new level of existence. The mashchis had been granted permission to kill regular human beings, but not members of Klal Yisrael. They might have been on the forty-ninth level of tumah, but now they were a new creation: Yidden, ืฉืึถืึผึนื ืขึธืฉืึทื ึดื ืึผืึนื.
Parashas Hachodesh is about renewing our awareness that a Yid is different and reinforcing the commitment that comes along with that. And thatโs also what Sefer Vayikra is about.
In the yotzros of Shabbos Hachodesh, the piyut says: ืึทืจึฐืึผึธืขึธื ืึธืจึธืฉืึดืื ืึผึฐืึทืึผึทืึฒืึถื. These four charashim (builders), says the Gemara (Succah 52) based on a passuk in Zecharyah, are: Moshiach ben Yosef, Moshiach ben Dovid, Eliyahu and Kohen Tzedek.
What is the connection between these four individuals? Moshiach ben Yosef, Moshiach ben Dovid, and Eliyahu represent the building of the Beis Hamikdash. The fourth builder, Kohen Tzedek, Rashi says, is Sheim the son of Noach, who built the teivah.
Thereโs a famous letter from Rav Hutner in which he writes that there are two places where the Torah describes a building in detail. One was the Mishkan, and the other is Noachโs teivah. Rav Hutner goes on to explain that a yeshiva serves the functions of both a Mishkan and a teivah. A yeshiva has to be a teivah, a place of refuge, because thereโs a spiritual mabul outside. At the same time, it is place of spiritual elevation, avodas Hashem, hashraโas haShechinah, and closeness to Hashem. Maintaining a connection to a yeshiva is important the whole year, but certainly now, as we approach Chodesh Nissan and weโre starting the parashiyos of korbanos and preparing for Pesach, part of renewing our commitment to being a Yid is ensuring that we are connected to a yeshiva.
A Time for Renewal
The first mitzvah given to Klal Yisrael, ืึทืึนืึถืฉื ืึทืึผึถื ืึธืึถื, represents Klal Yisraelโs renewal. Every month, the moon waxes until it is full, and then wanes until it disappears completely. Then, once again, the new moon reappears. The sefarim explain that the new moon represents the pinteleh Yid thatโs in every Jew, which at times may seem to be totally gone, but can suddenly reappear and spark a renewal. Thereโs always an opportunity to reconnect and grow again โ and if you fall again, thereโs another chance for renewal.
Rashi says as much in the beginning of Parashas Vayikra when he explains that โVayikraโ is a lashon of kriyah, a lashon of chibah. Itโs not mikreh, not a coincidence. With regard to goyim, such as Bilam, the word used is โvayikar.โ True, Bilam was a medaber, and he experienced nevuah, which is a very high level of dibbur and interaction with the Ribbono Shel Olam, but it was still vayikar, by chance. With a Yid, the connection to Hashem is not by chance. He wants a connection of chibah and heโs searching for it.
Rashi says that Hashemโs voice would emanate from between the two keruvim, but when it came to the outer chatzer it stopped. The voice was tremendously loud and powerful, but it remained contained within the Mishkan. Similarly, thereโs a tremendously resounding kol haTorah, but itโs inside the beis midrash; you wonโt feel it outside. Thatโs why a person has to be connected to Torah and maintain that connection to a yeshiva.
The Ideal Korban
The second passuk in Parashas Vayikra says: ืึธืึธื ืึผึดื ืึทืงึฐืจึดืื ืึดืึผึถื ืงึธืจึฐืึผึธื ืึทื’ ืึดื ืึทืึผึฐืึตืึธื ืึดื ืึทืึผึธืงึธืจ ืึผืึดื ืึทืฆึผึนืื ืชึผึทืงึฐืจึดืืืึผ ืึถืช ืงึธืจึฐืึผึทื ึฐืึถื, and the Nesivos Shalom notes a distinction between the two parts of the passuk. The ideal level of a korban is: ืึธืึธื ืึผึดื ืึทืงึฐืจึดืื ืึดืึผึถื โ when the person is really offering up himself along with the korban. That is truly a ืงึธืจึฐืึผึธื ืึทื’. There is another, lower level of bringing a korban, which is when a person understands that thereโs an avodah of korbanos, which are brought ืึดื ืึทืึผึฐืึตืึธื ืึดื ืึทืึผึธืงึธืจ ืึผืึดื ืึทืฆึผึนืื. That is also acceptable, but itโs ืงึธืจึฐืึผึทื ึฐืึถื, not a ืงึธืจึฐืึผึธื ืึทื’.
The Sfas Emes writes that when the Torah says ืึธืึธื ืึผึดื ืึทืงึฐืจึดืื ืึดืึผึถื, it means that a person is offering up his pnimiyus, his innermost desires, and is submitting his own wishes before those of the Ribbono Shel Olam. Thatโs what a korban is.
The Sfas Emes adds a beautiful insight, based on the famous Gemara that says: ืึผืึนืคึดืื ืืึนืชืึน ืขึทื ืฉืึถืึผึนืืึทืจ ืจืึนืฆึถื ืึธื ึดื. The true meaning of the expression, โWhere thereโs a will thereโs a wayโ is that if a person really wants, then Hashem will put him in a situation of ืืคื ืขืืืื ืืจ ืืืืืืช, compelling him in the manner of ืึผืึนืคึดืื ืืึนืชืึน ืขึทื ืฉืึถืึผึนืืึทืจ ืจืึนืฆึถื ืึธื ึดื. Sometimes, a person canโt do something unless heโs forced. If you really want, if itโs ืึดืจึฐืฆึนื ืึน, then youโll get to the ืึผืึนืคึดืื ืืึนืชืึน โ Hashem will put you into the situation and force you.
We know that ืงึธืจืึนื ื’ ืึฐืึธื ืงึนืจึฐืึธืื ืึฐืึนื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึดืงึฐืจึธืึปืืึผ ืึถืึฑืึถืช. If a person calls out and he truly wants that kriah, that call of connection and interaction with the Ribbono Shel Olam, then he gets close to Ribbono Shel Olam. Thatโs what korbanos and Sefer Vayikra are about, and thatโs what Parashas Hachodesh is about.
A Family Korban
The Korban Pesach had certain unique aspects, one of which was that it was the first korban brought by Klal Yisrael, and it represented Hashemโs skipping over the Jewish homes and differentiating between a Yid and a goy. Another unique aspect of the Korban Pesach, which was especially relevant to Pesach Mitzrayim but remains relevant to all generations, was that the blood of the original Korban Pesach was placed on the doorframe. The Jewish home was differentiated from the non-Jewish homes, and the head of the household became a kohen gadol of sorts.
Even in subsequent years, Korban Pesach was always eaten in a chaburah, which was usually a family unit. Pesach, then, was a time of renewal among families. In the time of Gidon, for instance, Rashi notes that Gidon said, โYesterday our father recited Hallel,โ indicating that he was sitting at his fatherโs table. His father wasnโt the gadol hador, and we would have thought that Gidon would have spent the Seder with his rosh yeshiva or rebbi, but no, he was home with his father.
The Leil Haseder is a night of transmission from father to son, and itโs carried out in a family setting: ืึฐืึดืงึฐืืึผ ืึธืึถื ืึดืืฉื ืฉืึถื ืึฐืึตืืช ืึธืึนืช. As we go into Nissan, with all the work of cleaning and preparation, letโs try to do this avodah in the right way, family style, with achdus. Instead of being avodas perach, this could enhance the family flavor of the Jewish home and spark a renewal.
We should be zocheh to be makriv ืื ืืืืืื ืืื ืืคืกืืื.