BereishisVayetzei

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•

Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Refoel Shmulevitz, ztโ€l

ื•ื ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืœื—ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื•ื‘ื’ื“ ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ (ื›ื—,ื›)
ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™: ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืžืืช ื”’ ืœื ื™ืฉืืœื• ื”ืžื•ืชืจื•ืช ืจืง ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื•ื’ื•’. ื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš ืข”ื” ื”ืชืคืœืœ ื•ื’ื•’ (ืžืฉืœื™ ื—) ืจืฉ ื•ืขื•ืฉืจ ืืœ ืชืชืŸ ืœื™ ื”ื˜ืจื™ืคื ื™ ืœื—ื ื—ืงื™, ื‘ื™ืืจ ื•ืขื ื”ืขื•ืฉืจ ื™ื‘ื ื”ืื“ื ืืœ ื”ืžื•ืชืจื•ืช ื•ื™ืงื ื” ืœืขืฆืžื• ื’ืกื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ื’ื‘ื” ืœื‘ ื•ื›ื•’.

ื•ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื™ืงืจ: ื”ืขื•ืฉืจ ืžืขื•ื•ืจ ืขื™ื ื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ื• ื•ืžื•ื ืข ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ืฉืจ, ื•ื›ื•’ ืข”ื› ืืžืจ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉื™ืžื ืขื”ื• ื”’ ืžืŸ ื–ื”ื‘ ื•ืจื‘ ืคื ื™ื ื™ื, ืืœื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื• ืœื—ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื•ื‘ื’ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ ื•ืœื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื• ืžื•ืชืจื•ืช. ื•ื’ื•’ ื›ื™ ื”ืœ”ืœ ื•ื ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืœื—ื ื•ื‘ื’ื“, ื•ื›ื™ ืก”ื“ ืฉื™ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืœื—ื ื•ื™ืื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื’ื“ ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ืฆืจืš ืœืคืจืฉ ืœื—ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ, ืืœื ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืจืฆื” ืœืฉืœื•ืœ ื‘ื–ื” ืฉืœื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื• ืœื—ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ื“ื™ ืื›ื™ืœืชื•, ื•ื‘ื’ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ื“ื™ ืฆืจื›ื•, ื•ื™ื ืฆืœ ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื˜ื, ืข”ื› ื•ื’ื•’ ื›ื™ ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื–ื” ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืฉืœื ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื˜ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ”ื™.

ืืš ืฆ”ื‘: ื“ื‘ื™ืขืงื‘ ื›ืชื™ื‘ “ื•ื™ืคืจืฅ ื”ืื™ืฉ ืžืื“ ืžืื“” ื•ื’ื•’, ื•ื›ืŸ “ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืฉืจ ืืฉืจ ื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืœืงื™ื ืžืื‘ื™ื ื•” ื•ื’ื•’. ื•ื‘ืฉืœืžื” ื ื’ “ื•ื’ื ืืฉืจ ืœื ืฉืืœืช ื ืชืชื™ ืœืš, ื’ื ืขื•ืฉืจ ื•ื’ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“” ื•ื’ื•’, ื•ืœืคื™ ื”ื›ืœ”ื™ ื ืžืฆื ืฉืœื ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืชืคื™ืœื•ืชื™ื”ื?

ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืฆ”ืœ: ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืชืขืฉืจ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžื•ื“ืข ืœืกื›ื ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขื•ืฉืจ, ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื ืฆืœื• ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ืจืื•ื™, ื‘ืฆื“ืงื”ย  ื•ื”ื—ื–ืงืช ืชื•ืจื”. ืข”ื› ืœื”ื ื ืชืŸ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืขื•ืฉืจ ื ื’ื“ ื‘ืงืฉืชื.

ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืžื”ืžื‘ื™”ื˜ (ื‘ื™”ื, ืชืคื™ืœื”,ื’) ื–”ืœ: ื›ืฉืจื•ืื” ื””ืช ืจืฆื•ื ื ื•ื—ืคืฆื ื‘ืขื•ืฉืจ ื•ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื›ื•’, ืœืคืจื ืก ืขื ื™ื™ื, ื•ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœืคืืจื”, ื’ื ืื ืื™ื ื ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื ืœืคื•ืขืœ ืขืœ ืœืฉื•ื ื, ื”ื™”ืช ืขื•ืฉื” ืจืฆื•ื ื. ื•ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ื›ื•’ ืืžืจ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›”ื—) ื•ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืชืชืŸ ืœื™ ืขืฉืจ ืืขืฉืจื ื• ืœืš, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืื ื™ ืื™ื ื™ ืฉื•ืืœ ืžืžืš ื›ื™ ืื ืœื—ื ื•ื‘ื’ื“, ืื‘ืœ ืื ืชืชืŸ ืœื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืฉืจ ืืขืฉืจื ื• ืœืš. ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ืœื ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืขื•ืฉืจ ื•ื›ื•ื‘ื“, ื›ื™ ื“ื™ ืœื• ื‘ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ื•ืช, ืืš ื’ื ืœื ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื•.

ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืจืคืืœ ืฉืžื•ืืœื‘ื™ืฅ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื”

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื

ืžืจืŸ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืขื•ื–ืจ ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ ืืฉืจ ื ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืืช ืขื•ืœ ืื—ื–ืงืช ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื•ื™ืœื ื”, ืœื ื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ืžื‘ืจืง ืฉืฉืœื— ืœื”ื’ืจ”ื ืกื™ืœื‘ืจ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ืฉื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื•ืงื ื•ืขื“ ื”ื”ืฆืœื”. ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ืฉืœื— ืžื›ืชื‘ ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ื ืฉืœ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื•ื™ืœื ื” ื•ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”. ืœื”ืœืŸ ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืžื›ืชื‘:

ื‘ืดื” ื™ื•ื ื‘ืณ ืืณ ื›ืกืœื• ืชืดืฉ

ื”ื•ื“ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉ ืื’ื•ื“ืช ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ืืจื”ืดื‘, ื“ืณ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื™ื—ื™ื•

ืื—ื“ืฉื”ืดื˜, ื‘ื˜ื— ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœื™ื“ื ื”ืชืœื’ืจืžื” ืขืดื“ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืขื™ืจื ื•. ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื“’ ื›ื™ ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืžื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื•ืช ื™ืฆืื ื• ื‘ืฉืœื•ืณ, ื•ืœืคื™ ืขืจืš ื›ืœืคื™ ืฉืืจ ื”ืงื”ืœื•ืช ืœื ืกื‘ืœื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืขื™ืจื ื•. ืืš ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื ืชืจื•ืฉืฉ ืžืื“ ืœืจื’ืœ ื”ื•ื–ืœืช ื”ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื ืคืกืœื”, ื•ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืดื” ืœื ื ืฉืชื ื” ื—ืœื™ืœื”.

ื‘ืขื™ืจื ื• ื”ืชื›ื ืกื• ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื’ืœื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื•ื’ื ืžืขื˜ ืžืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ ืืฉืจ ืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืžืขืžื“ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืดื’ื“ื•ืœื™ืืด [-ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื•ืกื™ ื”.ื”.] ืžืคื ื™ ืกื‘ื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช. ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ืขืžืœ ืขืœืชื” ื‘ื™ื“ื ื•. ืœื›ืœื›ืœื ืขื“ ืขืชื” ื•ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ื ืฉื•ืื•ืช ืœืขื–ืจื” ืžืื—ื™ื ื• ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ื.

ื›ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืขื“ื• ืคื” ื›ืžื” ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืžื”ื ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื–ืื‘ ืกืืœืื•ื•ื™ื™ืฆืณื™ืง ืฉืœื™ื˜ืดื ืื‘ื“ืดืง ื‘ืจื™ืกืง ื•ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื™ืจืืณ ืžื”ื ืื“ืžื•ืจื™ืดื ืžืืžืฉื™ื ืื•ื• ื•ืžืžืื“ื–ื™ืฅ, ื•ืœืจื’ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืงืจ ื”ื ื•ืจื ืžืฆื‘ื ืžื“ื•ื›ื ืžืื“, ื•ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ืฉืชื“ืœื• ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืื’ื•ื”ืดืจ ืœื”ื—ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืขื–ืจื”.

ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ื” ื”ื ื ื™ ืœื‘ืงืฉื ืœื”ืฉืชื“ืœ ื’ืœืœ ืื—ื“ื™ื ืžื”ื ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืืจื”ืดื‘ ื‘ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืื‘ืงืฉ ื›ืขืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื–ืงื™ืณ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืžื™ืฉืงื•ื‘ืกืงื™ ืฉื™ืณ ืื‘ื“ืดืง ืงืจื™ื ืง ื‘ืŸ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื™ื‘ ืžืกื˜ืื•ื•ื™ืกืง ื–ืฆืดืœ, ืืฉืจ ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจ ืคื” ืขื ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ื•ื—ืชื ื• ื”ืจื”ืดื’ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื“ื•ื‘ ืœืขื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืณ ืจื‘ ื“ืžืื˜ืืœ. ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจื”ืดื’ ื”ืื‘ืดื“ ื“ืงืจื™ื ืง ืฉื™ืณ ื”ื•ื ืžื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืขืกืงื ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื›ืœืœ ื•ื—ื–ื•ืง ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืขื ื™ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ืณ ื‘ื™ื›ืœืชื• ืœื ืกื•ืข ืœืืžืจื™ืงื ื’ื ื‘ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืžื” ืขื ื™ื ื™ื. ื›ืŸ ื—ืชื ื• ื”ืจื”ืดื’ ื”ื ืดืœ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ืžืจืฅ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ื•ืžื•ื›ืฉืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ื ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื ื™ ื‘ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืžื” ืฉื‘ื“ืขืชื ืœื”ืฉืชื“ืœ ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื™

ื•ื”ื ื ื™ ืžื‘ืจื›ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ืœืจื•ืžืขื›ืดืช ื•ืœื›ืœ ื”ื ืœื•ื™ื ืืœื™ื”ื ื›ืžืฉืืœื•ืช ืื•ื”ื‘ื›ื ืžื•ืงื™ืจื›ื ื”ื“ื•ืฉืดืช.

ื—ื™ื™ื ืขื•ื–ืจ ื’ืจืื“ื–ืขื ืกืงื™

ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืœื›ื”

Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shpitzer Shlita

ืค’ ื•ื™ืฆื

ื‘ื™ืจื—ื™ ื›ืœื” ืฉืข”ื™ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืชื ื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื“ื™ื ื™ ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ ื•ืื. ื•ื‘”ื” ื–ื›ื™ื ื• ืœืคืœืคืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืช”ื— ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ. ื•ืื›ืž”ืœ ืืœื ื›ืžื” ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืงืฆืจื•ืช.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื•ื™ืฆื ื™ืขืงื‘ ืžื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืข. ื•ืข’ ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื“ืฃ ื˜”ื– ืข”ื‘ ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ืจ ืžืจืชื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืช”ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ ื•ืื ืฉื›ืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืขื‘ืจ ืœื ื ืขื ืฉ.

ื•ื”ืงืฉื• ื”ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ืืžืื™ ื ืขื ืฉ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืœื‘ืŸ ื•ื”ืจื™ ืฆื™ื•ืชื” ืจื‘ืงื” ืฉื™ืฉืืจ ืฉื ืขื“ ืฉื•ื‘ ื—ืžืช ืื—ื™ืš. ื•ื‘ื—ื–ืงื•ื ื™ ืœ”ื– ืœ”ื“ ืชื™ืจืฅ ื“ืจื‘ืงื” ืฉืœื—ื” ืื—ืจื™ื• ืฉื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื ืฉื‘. ื•ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ื ืจืื” ื“ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืื—ืจ ื™”ื“ ืฉื ื™ื ืืœื ืœืื—ืจ ืื™ื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืžื•ืขื˜ ืฉืœื—ื” ืื—ืจื™ื•, ื“ืื ื ื™ืžื ื“ืฉืœื—ื” ืœื• ืจืง ืื—ืจ ื™”ื“ ืฉื ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื ืขื ืฉ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ื› ืงืฉื” ืื™ืš ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ื’ืž’ ืจืื™ื” ื“ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืช”ืช ืžื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื ืขื ืฉ ื•ื”ืจื™ ื™”ืœ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื– ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฆื•ื•ื™ ืื‘ื™ื• ื•ืืžื• ืฉื™ืœืš ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืฉืœื—ื” ืœื• ืœืฉื•ื‘. (ื•ื‘ืžื”ืจืฉ”ื ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืืžืจื™ ื ื•ืขื ื“ืื—ืจ ื™”ื“ ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœื—ื” ืจื‘ืงื” ืฉื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ, ื•ืงืฉื” ื›ื ”ืœ ื“ื”ื› ืื™ืš ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ื’ืž’ ืจืื™ื” ื“ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืช”ืช ืžื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืง’ ืฉื ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื‘ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื™”ื– ืขืœ ื”ืžื”ืจืฉ”ื. ื•ืข’ ืคืจื“ืก”ื™ ืœ”ื– ืœ”ื“. ื•ืข”ืข ืจืฉ”ื™ ืœ”ื” ื—’ ืฉืฉืœื—ื” ืจื‘ืงื” ืืช ื“ื‘ื•ืจื” ืื—ืจ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ืžืชื” ื‘ื“ืจืš, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืื ื›ื•ื ืชื• ืฉืžืชื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื™ืœืš ืœื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ื”ื› ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืœื ืฉืœื—ื” ืื—ืจื™ื• ืืœื ืื—ืจ ื›’ ืฉื ื™ื).

ื•ืข’ ื”ืžืงื ื” ืฉื”ืงืฉื” ืืžืื™ ื ืขื ืฉ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ื”ืœื ืจื‘ืงื” ืืžืจื” ืขื“ ืฉื•ื‘ ื—ืžืช ืื—ื™ืš, ื•ื›ืŸ ืงืฉื” ืื™ืš ื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื• ื“ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืช”ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ ื•ื”ืจื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื›ื ืฉืฆื•ื” ืœื• ืืžื• ืœื™ืœืš ืขื“ ืฉื•ื‘ ื—ืžืช ืื—ื™ื•. ื•ืชื™’ ื“ืืฃ ืฉืจื‘ืงื” ืืžืจื” ืœื• ื›ืŸ ืž”ืž ื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœืขื•ื ืฉ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ื™ื• ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืžื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืืžื• ื•ืื‘ื™ื• ืœื ืืžืจ ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืืจ ืฉื ืขื“ ืฉื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื—ืžืช ืขืฉื•. (ื•ื ืจืื” ื“ื”ื—ื–ืงื•ื ื™ ืœื ื ื™ื—ื ืœื™ื” ื‘ืชื™’ ื–ื” ื“ืก”ืœ ื“ื’ื ืžื” ืฉืฆื•ื” ืœื• ืื‘ื™ื• ื”ื™ื” ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืขื“ ืฉื™ืฉืœื— ืœืงืจื ืœื•).

ืื›ืŸ ืชื™ืจื•ืฆื• ืœื›ื’ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืฉื” ืืžืื™ ื ืขื ืฉ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื›”ื‘ ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ื™ื• ื•ื”ืจื™ ืื‘ื™ื• ืฆื•ื” ืœื• ืฉื™ืœืš ืœืžืฆื ืืฉื” ื•ื”ื› ืืžืื™ ื ืขื ืฉ ืขืœ ื–’ ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืจื—ืœ. ื•ืืฃ ื“ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ื™ื• ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืืžื• ื”ืจื™ ื›ืืŸ ืื‘ื™ื• ืฆื•ื” ืœื• ืœื™ืœืš.

ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืฉื” ืœืคื™ ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉื ื”ืžืงื ื” ื‘ื”ื ื“ื ืกืชืคืงื• ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ื™ ืœื—ื•”ืœ ืœืงื™ื™ื ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘. ื•ื”ืžืงื ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืจืื™ื” ื“ืžื•ืชืจ ืžื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉื™ืฆื ืœื—ื•”ืœ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ืช ืื‘ื™ื• ื•ื–”ืœ ืžื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื™ืฉืžืข ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืœ ืื‘ื™ื• ื•ื™ืœืš ืคื“ื ื” ืืจื ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื“ืืฃ ืฉื”ืœืš ืœื—”ืœ ืž”ืž ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื‘ื™ื• ืฆื•ื•ื”ื• ื‘ื›ืš ืจืฉืื™, ื•ืžืฉืžืข ื“ื”ืกื›ื™ื ืขืžื• ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืฉืืžืจ ืœื• ื•ื”ื ื” ืื ื›ื™ ืขืžืš ื•ืฉืžืจืชื™ืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืชืœืš ื•ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื™ืš ืืœ ื”ืื“ืžื” ื”ื–ืืช ื•ื›ื•’ ืขื›”ืœ.

(ื•ืข’ ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื™ื“ืข ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื™”ื– ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืฉืืจ ืฉื ื•’ ืฉื ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“, ื”ื› ื ืจืื” ืœืžืคืจืข ื“ื’ื ืœื•ืœื™ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืœื ืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื” ื ืฉืืจ ืฉื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ืขื ืฉ. ื•ืข’ ืจื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื ื“’ ื•’ ืžื” ืฉืคื™’ ืื ื‘ื˜ืœืช ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ื ื’ื“ืš).

ื™ืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื - ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืื“ื

ืกืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื ืงืจื ื‘ืคื™ ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืฉืจ, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื“ืจืฉื• ื–”ืœ (ืข”ื– ื›ื”.) ืขื””ืค “ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืœืœืžื“ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืงืฉืช ื”ื ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืกืคืจ ื™ืฉืจ” ืžืื™ ืกืคืจ ื™ืฉืจ ื”ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจ ืื‘ื ื”ืจ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื–ื” ืกืคืจ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉื ืงืจืื• ื™ืฉืจื™ื ื“ื›ืชื™’ ื‘ื”ื• “ืชืžื•ืช ื ืคืฉื™ ืžื•ืช ื™ืฉืจื™ื ื•ืชื”ื™ ืื—ืจื™ืชื™ ื›ืžื•ื”ื•”. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืขืฉื™ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจื•ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ื“ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื”ื• ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื™ืฉืจ, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืœืชื™ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ.

“ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืืœื•ืงื™ื ืœื ื— ืงืฅ ื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ื ืœืคื ื™ ื›ื™ ืžืœืื” ื”ืืจืฅ ื—ืžืก ืžืคื ื™ื”ื ื•ื”ื ื ื™ ืžืฉื—ื™ืชื ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ” (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื•’, ื™”ื’). ื•ื‘ืจืžื‘”ืŸ ืฉื ื—ืžืก ื”ื•ื ื’ื–ืœ ื•ื”ืขื•ืฉืง, ื•ื ืชืŸ ืœื ื— ื”ื˜ืขื ื‘ื—ืžืก ื•ืœื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ืฉื—ืชืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื›ื™ ื”ื—ืžืก ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ื˜ื ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ื•ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกื, ื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืืžืจื• (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืงื—.) ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื ื—ืชื ื“ื™ื ื. ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื “ืžืฆื•ื” ืžื•ืฉื›ืœืช” ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื‘ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžื–ื”ื™ืจ ื•ื›ื•’, ืขื™”ืฉ.

ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืืžืจื• ื–”ืœ (ื‘”ืจ ืค’ ืก’) ื™ืคื” ืฉื™ื—ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื“ื™ ืื‘ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœื ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืจืง ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืื—ื“ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื ื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื•ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื•’, ืื™ืš ื—ื™ื• ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื ืฆื˜ื•ื• ืžื”ืฉื™”ืช ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ, ืจืง ืœืคื™ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉื›ืœื ื”ืฉื›ื™ืœื• ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืžื”ื• ื”ืžืขืฉื” ืืฉืจ ื™ืขืฉื•ืŸ, ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ืžื•ืฉื›ืœืช ืฉื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ืจืžื‘”ืŸ ื‘ื’ื–ืœ ื•ืขื•ืฉืง.

ื—ื•ืžืจ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ืช ืžื•ืฉื›ืœื•ืช ืฉื”ืฉื›ืœ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืชื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•, ื•ืœื›ืš ืขื‘ื™ืจืชื ื—ืžื•ืจื”, ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืžืฉื—ื™ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ื•ื‘ื–ืืช ื ื—ืชื ื“ื™ื ื ืฉืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ื›ืชื™’ “ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื—ื™ืช ื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ืืช ื“ืจื›ื•” ื“ืจื›ื• ื–ื”ื• ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื.

ื•ื‘ืืžืช ื’ื ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื•ื™ืจื ื‘ืื ืฉื™ ืกื“ื•ื ื›ืชื™’ (ื™”ื— ื›’) “ื–ืขืงืช ืกื“ื•ื ื•ืขืžื•ืจื” ื›ื™ ืจื‘ื” ื•ื—ื˜ืืชื ื›ื™ ื›ื‘ื“ื” ืžืื“” ื•ื›ืชื™’ “ื•ืื ืฉื™ ืกื“ื•ื ืจืขื™ื ื•ื—ื˜ืื™ื ืœื”’ ืžืื“”. ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืืœื ืขืœ ืขื™ืงืจ ื“ืจื›ื ื•ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื. ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืจืฉ”ื™ ืขื””ืค “ืืจื“ื” ื ื ื•ืืจืื” ื”ื›ืฆืขืงืชื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืืœื™ ืขืฉื•” (ืฉื ื›”ื) ืฆืขืงืช ืจื™ื‘ื” ืื—ืช ืฉื”ืจื’ื•ื” ื‘ืžื™ืชื” ืžืฉื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืฉื ืชื ื” ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœืขื ื™ (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืงื˜:). ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื”ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืขืฆื ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื ื”ืจืขื™ื ืืœื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื—ืชืช ื“ืจื›ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ื•ืจื ืขื“ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืžืขืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.

ื•ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื ื” ื‘ืฉืขืจื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” (ืฉ”ื’ ืื•ืช ื˜”ื•) ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ ืกื“ื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืจืขื™ื ื•ื—ื˜ืื™ื ืœื”’ ืžืื“ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืขืœื™ืœื•ืช ื ืฉื—ืชื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื”ื’ื–ืœ ื•ื”ื—ืžืก ื•ืขื™ื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืขืจื™ื•ืช, ื•ืขื ื›”ื– ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ื™ ืื‘ื“ื• ื•ื ืฉืžื“ื• ื‘ืขื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืฆื“ืงื•ืช ืฉื ื’ (ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื˜”ื–, ืž”ื˜) “ื•ื”ื ื” ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืกื“ื•ื ืื—ื•ืชืš ื’ืื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืขืช ืœื—ื ื•ืฉืœื•ืช ื”ืฉืงื˜ ื”ื™ื” ืœื” ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื” ื•ื™ื“ ืขื ื™ ื•ืื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื ื”ื—ื–ื™ืงื””.

ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื—ื˜ืื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ืกื“ื•ื ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื ืื ืฉื™ ืžืžื•ืŸ, ื•ืืขืค”ื› ื•ื™ื“ ืขื ื™ ื•ืื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื ื”ื—ื–ื™ืงื•. ืข”ื– ื ืชื‘ืขื• ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ืกื“ื•ื – ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืจื ืœื ืชื–ืจืข ื•ืœื ืชืฆืžื™ื—.

ื™ืกื•ื“ ื—ื˜ืื ื‘ื–ื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืขืฆืžื, ืื™ืŸ ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื›ืœืœ ืœื”ืชื—ืœืง ืขื ื–ื•ืœืชื, ืืฃ ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืขื ื™ ื•ืื‘ื™ื•ืŸ. ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื ื’ื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื’ื–ืœ, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืฉื’ ืžืžื•ืŸ ื–ื•ืœืชื• – ื”ื›ืœ ืœืขืฆืžื•.

ืื›ืŸ ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื‘ื”ืฉื—ืชืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื›ืœื•ืช, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื• ืžื™ืฆื™ืจืชื• ื‘ื™ืฉืจื•ืช ืžืขืฉื™ื•, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื—ืชื” ื‘ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืข”ื– ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืขื“ ืฉื ื—ืชื ื“ื™ื ื ืฉืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ืœืื‘ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ.

ื•ื›ืžืฉ”ื› ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช (ืฉืขืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื ืค”ื”) ื‘ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื–ื›ืจืช ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื ืœืื“ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื›ืœื•, ื•ืžืคืจื˜ ืฉื ื’ื“ืจื™ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืฉื‘ื— ื”ืืžืช ื•ื’ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ื–ื‘ ื•ื›ื•’. ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ื–ื›ืจืช ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื ืœืžื” ืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ืš ื ืจืื” ืข”ื“ ืฉื‘ื™ืืจื ื• ืฉื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•, ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื™ื™ื•. ื•ืœื–ืืช ื”ืฉื—ืชื” ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืข”ื– ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืขื“ ืขื•ื ืฉ ืื‘ื“ื•ืŸ, ื›ืžื• ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ื•ืื ืฉื™ ืกื“ื•ื.

ื””ืฆืœื ืืœื•ืงื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืจืฃ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ืฉืžื›ืจื™ื—ื• ืœื™ืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ ื™ืขื‘”ืฅ (ืื‘ื•ืช ืค”ื’ ) “ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ ืื“ื ืฉื ื‘ืจื ื‘ืฆืœื” ื—ื™ื‘ื” ื ื•ื“ืขืช ืœื• ืฉื ื‘ืจื ื‘ืฆืœื ื•ื›ื•’ ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื™”ืช ื‘ืจื ื”ืื“ื ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื• ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืข”ื— ื‘ื›ื— ื”ืฉื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื‘ื•, ื›ืื•ืžืจื• ื ืขืฉื” ืื“ื ื‘ืฆืœืžื ื• ื›ื“ืžื•ืชื ื• ื•ื›ื•’, ื•ืœื–ื” ื”ืื“ื ื ื™ืฆื‘ ื”ืงื•ืžื” ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื›ื™ ืฉืจืฉื• ื•ืขื™ืงืจื• ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื›ื•’, ื•ื–ื” ื”ืฆืœื ืืฉืจ ื ื‘ืจื ื”ืื“ื ื ื•ืฉื ืœื›ืœ ื”ื—ื›ืžื•ืช ื›ื™ ื‘ื• ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ื ื›ื•ืœื. ื•ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉื”ืฆืœื ื–ื”ื• ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื“ื ืœื”ืฉื™”ืช, ื•ืืžื ื ื”ืฆืœื ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื–ื”ื• ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ืฉื›ืœ – ื ื•ืฉื ืœื›ืœ ื”ื—ื›ืžื•ืช, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื•ื ื’”ื› ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื“ื ืœื”ืฉื™”ืช, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช (ืฉืขืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื) ืฉื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ื–ื›ืจืช ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื, ื•ื–”ืœ ื›ื™ ื”ื”ืขืจื” ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื–ื›ืจืช ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื›ืœื• ืœื“ืขืช ืื•ืชื• ื•ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืกื™ืžื ื™ ื—ื›ืžืชื•, ืขื™”ืฉ.

ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื›ื• ื’”ื› ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื–”ืœ (ืื™ื›”ืจ ื‘’, ื™”ื‘) “ื—ื›ืžื” ื‘ืื“ื•ื ืชืืžื™ืŸ”, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื‘ืจืื• ื‘ืฆืœื ืืœื•ืงื™ื, ื•ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœืขื•ื””ื‘, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื ืชืขืœื• ื‘ื”ืชื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ืขื ื”ืฉื™”ืช ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ.

ืืžื ื ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื•ื–”ืœ ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื ืฉืชืชืคื ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื”ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื ืฉืืจ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื ืชื™ื—ื“ื ื• ื‘ื”ื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืข”ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื“, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ืืฉืจ ื—ืœ ืขืœื™ื ื•, ื›ืื•ืžืจื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืš ืœืืœื•ืงื™ื ื•ืœื–ืจืขืš ืื—ืจื™ืš, ื•ืฉื ื‘ืจื™ืชื• ื‘ื‘ืฉืจื ื•, ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ืืฉืจ ื—ืœ ืขืœื™ื ื•, ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ื–ื›ื™ื ื• ืœืชื•ืจื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช, ืขื™”ืฉ. ื–ื”ื• ืชื•ืงืคื ื•ืžืขืœืชื ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ื•ืžืขืœืช ื”ืฆืœื ืืœื•ืงื™ื.

ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืคืœื, ื™ืฆื™ืจ ื›ืคื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื”ืฆืœื ืืœื•ืงื™ื ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื ื’ืจืข ืžืžืขืœืช ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื. ืฉื”ืœื ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื•ืœื“ ื”ืื“ื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื• ืœืœื ืขื–ืจืช ื–ื•ืœืชื•, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื™ืงืจ ื—ื™ื•ืชื• ืื ืœื ื™ืชื ื• ืื™ื–ื” ืžื›ื” ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื• ืœื”ื—ื™ื•ืชื• ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช. ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื’ื“ื™ืœืชื• ื ื–ืงืง ืœืขื–ืจื” ื•ืกื™ื•ืข ื‘ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื•. ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ื‘ืข”ื— ืžื™ื“ ื‘ืœื™ื“ืชื ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืžื•ืขื˜ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื•ืœื™ืœืš ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื ื‘ืœื ืฉื•ื ืกื™ื•ืข ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืžื–ื•ืœืชื. ื”ื™ืชื›ืŸ, ื”ืื“ื ื”ื ืฉื’ื‘ – ื‘ื—ื™ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”, ื ืžืœื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ืžื ื•.

ืื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื‘ื–ื”, ืฉื”ืงื‘”ื” ื‘ืจื ืืช ืขื•ืœืžื•, ืžืžื”ื•ืชื• ื•ืขื ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ืื“ื ืื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื“, ืฉืจืง ื‘ื–ื” ืฉืขื•ื–ืจ ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœื–ื•ืœืชื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื•ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื”ืื“ื ื™ื•ื•ืœื“ ืœื‘ื“ ื•ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื–ืจื• ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืขื• ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื, ื›ืš ื”ืฉื›ืœ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืฉืœื›ืš ื ื‘ืจืืช, ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื–ื•ืœืชื• – ืขื•ืœื ื—ืกื“ ื™ื‘ื ื”.

ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ืฉื ืชื‘ืขื• ืขืœ ื”ืฆื“ืงื•ืช, ืขืœ ื”ื”ื›ืจื” ื•ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื•ืœืชื™ ืขื•ื“, ื™ืกื•ื“ ื—ื˜ืื ืฉื–ื”ื• ื”ื™ืคืš ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื”ื™ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืจืš ื˜ื‘ืขื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื.

ื•ื”ื› ืื“ืจื‘ื” ื–ื”ื• ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช, ืฉืฆื•ืจืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื—ื™ ืœืขืฆืžื• ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื”ืžื” ื–ื• ืขื ื‘ื”ืžื” ืื—ืจืช. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืžื›ืจื™ื— ื•ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืฉื—ื™ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื•ืœืชื•. ื•ื›”ื– ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉื›ืœ – ื”ืฆืœื ืืœื•ืงื™ื. ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืฉื ื”ื™ื” ื’ื•ืžืœื™ ื—ืกื“ื™ื ืื—ื“ ืœื–ื•ืœืชื•.

ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื•ืœื’ืžื•ืœ ืฆื“ืงื” ื•ื—ืกื“ ืœื–ื•ืœืชื•, ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื›ืŸ ื‘ืขืžื•ืŸ ื•ืžื•ืื‘ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื”ื• (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›”ื’) “ืœื ื™ื‘ื•ื ืขืžื•ื ื™ ื•ืžื•ืื‘ื™ ื‘ืงื”ืœ ื”’ ื•ื›ื•’ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืืฉืจ ืœื ืงื™ื“ืžื• ืืชื›ื ื‘ืœื—ื ื•ื‘ืžื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื‘ืฆืืชื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื”. ื•ื‘ืจืžื‘”ืŸ ืฉื ืคื™’ ื•ื”ื ืจืื” ืืœื™ ื›ื™ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืฉื ื™ ื”ืื—ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืฉื”ื™ื• ื’ืžื•ืœื™ ื—ืกื“ ืžืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉื”ืฆื™ืœ ืื‘ื™ื”ื ื•ืืžื ืžืŸ ื”ื—ืจื‘ ื•ื”ืฉื‘ื™ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™”ื“) ื•ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชื• ืฉืœื—ื ื”ืฉื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื”ืคื™ื›ื” (ืฉื ื™”ื˜) ื•ื”ื™ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ื ืขืฉื• ืขืžื”ื ืจืขื”, ืขื™”ืฉ. ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื• ืขื•ืžืง ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื ืžื•ืฉื—ืชื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืฉื›ืœื•ืช, ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ื•ื‘ื–ืืช ื ืฆื˜ื•ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ืชืจื—ืง ืžื”ื ื‘ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืจื™ื—ื•ืง – ืœื ื™ื‘ื•ื ืขืžื•ื ื™ ื•ืžื•ืื‘ื™ ื‘ืงื”ืœ ื”’. ื›ืฉืœื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื™ืฉืจื•ืช, ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื—ืกื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจื™”ื– ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืื–ื™ ื ื—ืชื ื“ื™ื ื ืฉืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ืœื›ืœื™ื”, ื•ื‘ืื ืฉื™ ืกื“ื•ื ื ืขื ืฉื• ื’”ื› ื‘ืื‘ื“ื•ืŸ – ื•ืœื ืชื–ืจืข ื•ืœื ืชืฆืžื™ื—, ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืขืžื•ืŸ ื•ืžื•ืื‘ ืœื ื™ื‘ื•ื ื‘ืงื”ืœ ื”’.

“ื™ืฉืจื™ื ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”’ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื™ืœื›ื• ื‘ื ื•ืคื•ืฉืขื™ื ื™ื›ืฉืœื• ื‘ื”. ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืœืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื, ื”ืฆืœื ืืœื•ืงื™ื – ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื ื˜ื‘ืขื• ื‘ืื“ื ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื• ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื™ืฉืจื•ืช. ื•ื‘ื–ืืช ืงื™ื™ื ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื”, ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื•’ ื™ื“ืขื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืฉื” ืืฉืจ ื™ืขืฉื•ืŸ ืœืคื™ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉื›ืœื ื•ื”ื‘ื ืชื ืฉื”ื›ื™ืจื• ื•ื™ื“ืขื• ืžื”ื• ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื™”ืช, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืงื‘”ื” ื˜ื‘ืข ื–ืืช ื”ื™ืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ืฆืœื ืืœื•ืงื™ื. ื•ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ืขื””ืค “ืขื ื ื‘ืœ ื•ืœื ื—ื›ื” (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœ”ื‘) ื“ื ืขืžื ื•ืงื‘ื™ืœื• ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ื•ืœื ื—ื›ื™ืžื•. ื•ื‘ื”ื’ืจ”ื ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืชืžื” ืžื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื ื‘ืžื™ืœืช ื ื‘ืœ ื“ืงื‘ื™ืœื• ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ืฉื”ืœื ื‘ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื›ืชื™’ ื•ื™ืฉืžื•ืจ ืžืฉืžืจืชื™ ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื™ื“ืข ืืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ืžื“ืขืชื•, ืžื™ืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื›ืœื•, ื•ื–ื”ื• ื ื‘ืœ ืฉื”ื•ืฆืจื›ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืžื“ืจื™ื’ืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื™ื“ืข ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื” ืžื“ืขืชื•.

ืืœื ืฉื‘ื–ื” ื ืœื—ื ื”ืฉื˜ืŸ ืœื”ื˜ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืฉืจื•ืช, ืœืฉื‘ืฉ ื“ืขืชื•, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืื‘ื“ ืืช ืฉื›ืœื• ื”ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื• ื•ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื™ื™ื•.

ืืœื ืฉื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื–ื›ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืงื“ื•’ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ืืฉืจ ื—ืœ ืขืœื™ื ื•, ื•ื™ืงืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ื˜ื•ืจื— ื•ื”ืขืžืœ ื‘ื™ืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ ื™ืขื‘”ืฅ. ื•ื‘ื–ืืช ื™ืงืœ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื™ืœืš ื‘ื™ืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”’.

ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื‘ื–ืืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ืขืฆื•ืžื”, ืฉื‘ื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ืžืฉื—ื™ืช ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื ืชื‘ืข ืขืœ ื”ืฉื—ืชืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื• ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื ื™ื“ื•ื ื• ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ื•ืื ืฉื™ ืกื“ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœื™ื”. ืฉืžืฉื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืฆืœื ืืœื•ืงื™ื. ืืœื ืฉืข”ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืงื“ื•’ ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืื ื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื™ืฉืจื•ืช – ื™ืฉืจื™ื ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”’ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื™ืœื›ื• ื‘ื. ื•ื‘ื–ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื”ืฉืืจ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ื‘ืขืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื• – ืœื ืœื”ืฉื—ื™ืช ื•ืœืงืœืงืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืชื• ืฉื‘ืจื ืื•ืชื• ื”ืฉื™”ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•.

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Harav Hagaon Moshe Ahron Friedman Shlita

Hold Onto the Rope

Parashas Vayeitzei

Harav Hagaon Moshe Aharon Friedman Shlita

 

The Midrash teaches that Yaakov davened: ืึถืฉึผื‚ึธื ืขึตื™ื ึทื™ ืึถืœ ื”ึถื”ึธืจึดื™ื ืžึตืึทื™ึดืŸ ื™ึธื‘ึนื ืขึถื–ึฐืจึดื™, the word ืขึถื–ึฐืจึดื™ referring to a shidduch โ€“ ืขื–ืจ ื›ื ื’ื“ื•. The mountains he looked toward โ€“ ืึถืฉึผื‚ึธื ืขึตื™ื ึทื™ ืึถืœ ื”ึถื”ึธืจึดื™ื โ€“ can be understood as the mountains where he experienced hardships. At Har Hamoriyah, Elifaz came and took away all his money. At Har Gilad, Lavan pursued him. Yaakov lifted his eyes and saw, however, that in those very hardships, Hakadosh Baruch Hu was there with him. Har Hamoriah was where Hashem revealed Himself to Yaakov in the dream with the ladder and promised him everything would be good, and Har Gilad was where Hakadosh Baruch Hu appeared to Lavan and told him not to bother Yaakov. Inside the tzarah was the yeshuas Hashem.

The entire Parashas Vayeitzei follows this theme. The Baal Haturim writes that this parashah is ืกืชื•ืžื”, its parashiyos are โ€œclosedโ€, because Yaakov Avinu was hiding. Rav Chaim Shmuelevitz, however, explains on a deeper level why this parashah is ืกืชื•ืžื”. Usually, thereโ€™s a space between each parashah, and if you focus on each little parashah by itself you can understand it. Thatโ€™s not the case when youโ€™re in galus, though. During galus, we have to know that ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึฐื˜ึตื™ ื”’ ืึฑืžึถืช ืฆึธื“ึฐืงื•ึผ ื™ึทื—ึฐื“ึผึธื• โ€“ Hashemโ€™s judgments are righteous when viewed together. If we focus on only one small part of the entire chain of events, then we see tragedy, we see calamity, we see problems. But if we focus on the entire picture and we stay attached to the Ribbono Shel Olam throughout the galus all the way through to the geulah, then weโ€™re able to see how the links of the chain fit together.

This idea, says the Midrash, is alluded to in the passuk: ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ื—ึถื‘ึถืœ ื ึทื—ึฒืœึธืชื•ึน. The chevel, the rope, represents our connection to the Ribbono Shel Olam throughout the galus. During the Ikvesa dโ€™Meshicha, the Eibishter sends out a chevel, and whoever holds on tightly to that rope will be able to stay connected through to the end. That is the meaning of โ€œchevlei Moshiachโ€: we have to hold on to the rope.

How do we hold onto the rope and stay connected? The Midrash Tanchuma relates that during Yaakovโ€™s dream, he saw the ministering angel of each of the four galuyos ascending a certain number of rungs on the ladder, corresponding to the number of years that nation controlled the world and Klal Yisrael. Eventually, each of the nations fell down. Edom, the longest galus, climbed higher and higher on the ladder, and Yaakov grew fearful, until Hashem promised him that Edom, too, would have its downfall. number of rungs, and eventually fell down as well. At that point, Hakadosh Baruch Hu instructed Yaakov to ascend the ladder.โ€ Yaakov responded that he was afraid to go up, because he, too, might fall down.

โ€œI promise you,โ€ the Ribbono Shel Olam told Yaakov, โ€œthat if you go up, you wonโ€™t fall down.โ€

Yaakov didnโ€™t believe, however โ€“ in the words of the Midrash: ื•ืœื ื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘.

โ€œIf you donโ€™t believe,โ€ said Hakadosh Baruch Hu, โ€œIโ€™m going to have to send your children into galus.โ€

Of course, weโ€™re talking about Yaakov Avinu, so we have to understand what it means that he didnโ€™t believe. How could it be that Yaakov didnโ€™t believe the Ribbono Shel Olam? If the Ribbono Shel Olam told him to go up and assured him he wouldnโ€™t fall down, why was he afraid to ascend the ladder?

Yaakovโ€™s lack of belief was in himself. A person has to believe in himself, in his own ability, and thatโ€™s what Yaakov โ€“ representing Klal Yisrael โ€“ was missing, on his madreigah. He didnโ€™t feel ready to go up and stay up.

โ€œYou donโ€™t believe in yourself?โ€ said the Ribbono Shel Olam. โ€œThen it wonโ€™t happen.โ€

When we are ready, and when Klal Yisrael collectively tells the Ribbono Shel Olam that weโ€™re ready to go up the ladder and weโ€™re not going to fall down, thatโ€™s when the Ribbono Shel Olam will say, โ€œIf you believe, then you will indeed go up.โ€

Thatโ€™s a fascinating insight into the connection between galus and geulah, which is the subject of Parashas Vayeitzei.

Yaakov Avinuโ€™s Heter

Another major topic in Parashas Vayeitzei is the issue of Yaakov Avinu marrying two sisters, which the Torah forbids. In fact, the Gemara (Pesach 119) states that in the Days to Come, at the seudah of the Livyasan, the Ribbono Shel Olam is going to offer the honor of leading Birkas Hamazon to the early leaders of Klal Yisrael. Avraham will refuse because Yishmael came out of him, Yitzchak will refuse because Eisav came out of him, and Yaakov will refuse because he married two sisters, which the Torah would later forbid. Moshe Rabbeinu will similarly turn down the offer, because he didnโ€™t merit to enter Eretz Yisrael, and Yehoshua will decline because he didnโ€™t have any sons. Finally, Dovid Hamelech will accept the offer, saying that he is worthy of it.

It seems from the Gemara that Yaakovโ€™s marrying two sisters was a problem. But we know that the Avos kept the entire Torah, so how could Yaakov have done this?

The Ramban says in Parashas Toldos says that the Avos only kept the Torah in Eretz Yisrael, not in Chutz Laaretz. That explains how Amram was able to marry his aunt, Yocheved, because outside Eretz Yisrael they didnโ€™t keep the Torah back then. According to this explanation, we can understand why Rochel had to die on the way to Eretz Yisrael โ€“ it was because Yaakov couldnโ€™t be married to two sisters in Eretz Yisrael. This explanation can also shed light on why Moshe Rabbeinu could not enter Eretz Yisrael. He was a child of Amram and Yocheved, which was fine in Chutz Laaretz, but not in Eretz Yisrael.

Yitzchak, on the other hand, was not allowed to leave Eretz Yisrael, which is why Avraham sent Eliezer to find him a wife. Lavan wanted to kill Eliezer, in keeping with the principle (Nazir 12) that if someone appoints an emissary to marry him to a wife and the emissary disappears, the person can never marry anyone, for fear that the woman the emissary married him to was a sister of the woman he would choose to marry. Since Yitzchak was an olah temimah and could not leave Eretz Yisrael, he could not be exempted from the prohibition of marrying two sisters, and therefore, had Lavanโ€™s plan succeeded, Yitzchak would never have been able to get married. This is why we say in the Haggadah: ืœื‘ืŸ ื‘ืงืฉ ืœืขืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื›ืœ.

Rav Chaim Volozhin, in Nefesh Hachaim (1:21) gives a different explanation of why Yaakov was allowed to marry two sisters. The Avos kept the entire Torah, he says, through understanding the sodos haTorah. Since this was before Mattan Torah, they were able to do certain actions that the Torah forbids in instances where they understood that these actions would result in a tikkun gadol. Yaakov knew that by marrying two sisters he was creating Klal Yisrael, and Amram knew that by marrying his aunt he was creating a Moshe Rabbeinu, who would save Klal Yisrael. After Mattan Torah, however, the Torahโ€™s rules become inviolable and cannot be bent even for the sake of a tikkun gadol.

Rav Chaim Volozhin uses this insight to explain the Cheit Haโ€™eigel. The mistake of the Eigel, he says, was that the Yidden had all sorts of righteous cheshbonos, but after Mattan Torah they had to follow Hashemโ€™s commandments without making their own cheshbonos.

The Maharsha explains that Yaakov was allowed to marry two sisters because he converted them to Yiddishkeit, and after conversion a ger is considered newly reborn and not related to his old family. The Parashas Derachim wonders how this answer could be valid, however, considering that the Gemara in Pesachim says that Yaakov Avinu turned down the honor of leading bentching because he married two sisters.

I recently saw 17 โ€“ the gematria of tov โ€“ answers to this question in a sefer, one of which was a fascinating insight from the Ksav Sofer. Why, he asks, is a person not allowed to marry his wifeโ€™s sister only during his wifeโ€™s lifetime? All of the other arayos โ€“ your brotherโ€™s wife, your uncleโ€™s wife โ€“ remain forbidden even after the death of the particular relative in question, so why is a wifeโ€™s sister different? The answer, he says, is that the Torah gives a specific reason why one may not marry his wifeโ€™s sister: ื•ึฐืึดืฉึผืึธื” ืึถืœ ืึฒื—ึนืชึธื”ึผ ืœึนื ืชึดืงึผึธื— ืœึดืฆึฐืจึนืจ ืœึฐื’ึทืœึผื•ึนืช ืขึถืจึฐื•ึธืชึธื”ึผ ืขึธืœึถื™ื”ึธ ื‘ึผึฐื—ึทื™ึผึถื™ื”ึธ. The Torah does not want two sisters to become rivals and have to fight over the same husband. Once a wife dies, however, the husband is allowed to marry her sister, because the two will not become rivals as a result.

Rochel displayed tremendous self-sacrifice in transferring the simanim to Leah, and when Yaakov saw this, he realized that the sisterly love that existed between them would not be harmed if they were married to the same husband. Since they would not become rivals, Yaakov was able to marry them. (Obviously, this was permitted only because it was before Mattan Torah, as per the Nefesh Chaim.) Thatโ€™s a novel, Yevamosโ€™dike approach.

We should be zocheh to see the end of the ืขึตืช ืฆึธืจึธื” ื”ึดื™ื ืœึฐื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘, and to see the fulfillment of: ื•ึฐืขึธืœื•ึผ ืžื•ึนืฉืึดื™ืขึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื”ึทืจ ืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ืœึดืฉืึฐืคึผึนื˜ ืึถืช ื”ึทืจ ืขึตืฉื‚ึธื• ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ืœึทื”’ ื”ึทืžึผึฐืœื•ึผื›ึธื”.

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