ShmosVayakhel

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•

Maran Rosh Hayeshiva V'Av Bais Din Mir Hagaon Rebbi Eliyahu Baruch Kamai Ztvk"l

ืืช ื”ืฉืœื—ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ื›ืœื™ื• ื•ืืช ืœื—ื ื”ืคื ื™ื (ืœื˜, ืœื•)
ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืกื•ื›ื” (ื ื”:): “ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืœื—ื ื”ืคื ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืจืช ืื•ืžืจ ืœื• ื”ื™ืœืš ืžืฆื” ื”ื™ืœืš ื—ืžืฅ”. ืžื›ืืŸ ืžืงืฉื” ื”ื’ืž’ (ืฉื ื ื•.) ืขืœ ืจื‘ ืฉืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืœืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืชื“ื™ืจื”, ื“ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื—ืœืงื™ื ืœื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืงื“ื™ื ืืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ืœื—ื ืฉื”ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืœืœื—ื ื”ืคื ื™ื ื”ืชื“ื™ืจ, ืืš ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืงื“ื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื—ื ื”ืคื ื™ื, ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืœื—ื ืฉื”ื ื—ืžืฅ.

ื”ืงืฉื” ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ื™ ืื•ืจ (ืกื™’ ืœื•): ื‘ื’ืž’ (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื˜:) ื ืืžืจื” ื”ืœื›ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ื ื•ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืœืคื˜ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืงื˜ืŸ, ื”ื› ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ื ืืช ืœื—ื ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืžืฉื ื™ ืขืฉืจื•ื ื™ื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“, ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืœื—ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืขื™ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“, ืืข”ืค ืฉื‘ื“ืจ”ื› ื”ืœื›ื” ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืขื“ื™ืคื” ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืชื“ื™ืจื” ื›ื“ืขืช ืจื‘?

ืชื™ืจืฅ ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ืื‘”ื“ ืžื™ืจ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื•ืš ืงืžืื™ ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ: ื‘ืžืฉื ื” (ืžื ื—ื•ืช) ืื™ืชื ืฉืืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ืœื—ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื ืคื™ื ื‘ื™”ื‘ ื ืคื•ืช ื•ืืช ืœื—ื ื”ืคื ื™ื ื‘ื™”ื ื ืคื•ืช. ื ืžืฆื ืฉืฉืชื™ ื”ืœื—ื ื”ื™ื• ื ืงื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืœื—ื ื”ืคื ื™ื. ื”ื› ืข”ืค ื”ื”ืœื›ื” (ืžื’”ื ืื•”ื— ืงืกื—,ืกืง”ื–) ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืคืช ื ืงื™ื” ืœืคืช ืงื™ื‘ืจ, ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืงื“ื™ื ืืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ืœื—ื ื”ื ืงื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืคื ื™ ืœื—ื ื”ืคื ื™ื. ืืš ืืขืค”ื› ื”ืงื“ื™ืžื• ืืช ืœื—ื ื”ืคื ื™ื ื”ืชื“ื™ืจ, ื”ื› ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืžืงืฉื” ื”ื’ืž’ ืžื›ืืŸ ืขืœ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจื‘ ื“ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืงื•ื“ืžืช.

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื

Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Eliezer Yehuda Finkel, ztโ€l

“ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื”ืจื””
ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”ย  ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื” ืจืื” ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืขืกืง ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ. ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืืฉืจ ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ืจื‘ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ืคื™ ื’ืžืจื ื•ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืงื“’, ืื™ื ื• ืกืชื ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื–ื”ื• ืžืขื•ืŸ ืœืฉื›ื™ื ื”. ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืš ื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™ ื”ื’ืจื”ื™ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ืฉื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื™ื”ื™ื• ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ืจืื™ ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืฃ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื. ื‘ืื•ืชื ื™ืžื™ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ืจืื™ื ื•ืฉืœืžื™ื ื”ืขืžืœื™ื ืœืคืจื ืกืชื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ.

ืœื™ืžื™ื, ื”ื™ื” ืžืกืคืจ ืžืจืŸ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ื›ื™ ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืžืœื˜ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืกืงื• ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื‘ื™ื™ ื•ืจื‘ื, ื•ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื ื™ืฆื•ืงื• ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ.

ื’ื ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชืŸ ืฆื‘ื™ ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื” ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื•. ืืžื ื ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื•ื™ืจืื™ ืฉืžื™ื ืฉื™ืขืกืงื• ื‘ืžืœืื›ื”, ืืš ืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืœืืชืจื— ื”ื‘ื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืžืงืจื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื” ื•ืฉืืœื”. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืžืจืŸ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ื›ื— ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ืฆื™ืงื” ื•ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืขืœ ื“ื•ื•ืฉืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืงื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืฆื™ืงืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืชื”ื™ื” ืžื›ื•ื—ื• ื•ืœื ืžื›ื•ื—ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื. ืœืฉื ื›ืš, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืžื—ืœืชื• ื•ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืชื™ื•, ื”ื™ื” ืžื˜ืคืก ื‘ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื–ืžื ื™ื•ืช ืขื“ ืœืงื•ืžื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ืฆื” ืžืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืžืœืื™ ื‘ืจื–ืœื™ื ื•ืžื”ืžื•ืจื•ืช.

ื’ื ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ืงื“’ ื ื‘ื ื• ืžืชื•ืš ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ื˜ื”ืจื”, ื›ืืžื™ืจืชื• ื”ืชืžื™ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™ ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ “ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ื˜ื”ืจื””.

ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืœื›ื”

Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shpitzer Shlita

ื•ื™ืงื”ืœ ืคืงื•ื“ื™

ื™ื•ื ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ

ื™ื“ื•ืข ืงื•’ ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืœืžืขืŸ ื™ื“ืขื• ื“ื•ืจื•ืชื™ื›ื ื›ื™ ื‘ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื”ื•ืฉื‘ืชื™, ื•ื”ืงืฉื” ืืžืื™ ืืžืจื” ืชื•ืจื” ืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื• ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืชืฉืจื™.

ื•ื™ื“ื•ืข ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื’ืจ”ื ืฉื””ืฉ ื’ ื“’ ื“ืขื ื ื™ื ื”ืœื›ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืขื’ืœ, ื•ื”’ ืืžืจ ืกืœื—ืชื™ ื‘ื™ื•”ื›, ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™”ื ื”ืงื”ื™ืœ ืžืฉื” ื‘ื ”ื™ ื•ืฆื•ื” ืื•ืชื (ื›ืจืฉ”ื™ ืจ”ืค ื•ื™ืงื”ืœ) ื•ื”ืขื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื ื“ื‘ื” ื‘ื‘ืงืจ ื‘ื‘ืงืจ, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื™”ื‘ ื•ื™”ื’. ื•ื‘ื™”ื“ ื ืชืŸ ืžืฉื” ื”ื›ืœ ืœืขื•ืฉื™ ื”ืžืœืื›ื”. ื•ื‘ื˜”ื• ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ื•ืื– ื—ื–ืจื• ื”ืขื ื ื™ื ื•ื–ื”ื• ืกื•ื›ื•ืช.

ื•ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ื›ืžื” ืค’ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืžื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืœืคื™ ื”ื’ืจ”ื, ื“ืงื•ื“ื ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ื™ ืชืฉื ื ืืžืจ ื—ื’ ื”ืืกื™ืฃ ื•ืจืง ืื—ืจ ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ื ืชื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช.

(ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืงืฉื™ื ืื™ืš ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ื‘ืžืœืื›ื” ื‘ื˜”ื• ืชืฉืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•”ื˜. ื•ื™”ืœ ืœืคื™ ืจื™ื‘”ืฉ ืกื™’ ืฆ”ื• ืฉื ืฆื˜ื•ื• ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ืจืง ืื—ืจ ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ. ื•ืข”ืฉ ื‘ืจื™ื‘”ืฉ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื ”ื ื™ื•ื ืื—ืจ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื, “ืืœื ืฉืื– ืœื ืงืจื‘ ื”ืขื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ืœื ื ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ื‘ื• ืขื“ ืฉื ื›ื ืกื• ืœืืจืฅ,ย  ื•ื’ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื ืฆื˜ื•ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืชืช ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืขื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื•ืงื ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ”).

ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื ื•ืกื— ืื—ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื’ืจืฉื•ื ื™ (ืžืจ’ ื’ืจืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืจ’ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื—ื™ ื”ื’ืจ”ื) ืขืœ ืฉื””ืฉ ื’’ ื“’ ื‘ืฉื ื”ื’ืจ”ื, ื›ื™ ื‘ื™”ื“ ืœื ืขื‘ื“ื• ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื‘ืช. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืฆ”ื• ืข”ื‘ ื•ื™ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืงื•ืœ ื‘ืžื—ื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืื”. (ื•ื›”ื› ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื™ืงื”ืœ, ืœ”ื• ื•’).

ื•ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืž’ ืฉื ืงืฉื” ืขืœ ืชื•ืก’ ื‘”ืง ืค”ื‘ ืข”ื ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื‘ืฉื ื”ืชื ื—ื•ืžื ืค’ ื•ื™ืจื ื“ืžืฉื” ื™ืจื“ ื‘ื™ื•”ื› ื‘ื™ื•ื ื‘’, ื•ื ืžืฆื ื“ื™”ื“ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉื ื‘ื™ืคื” ืขื™ื ื™ื ื“ืœืคื ื™ื ื• ืœื ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื›ืŸ ื‘ืชื ื—ื•ืžื, ื•ื ืจืื” ื‘ืืžืช ื“ืœืคื™ ื”ื’ืจ”ื ื™ืจื“ ืžืฉื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื’’ ื•ื›ืž”ืฉ ื‘ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ”ืœ. (ื•ืฆ”ืœ ื‘ืืžืช ืœืคื™ ืชื•ืก’ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืืœื™ื• ื’’ ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ื“ืœื ื›ื‘ืขื””ื˜ ื”ื ”ืœ ื•ื”ื’ืจ”ื ื“ื“ืจืฉื• ื•ื”ื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืืœื™ื• ื‘ื‘ืงืจ ื‘ื‘ืงืจ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื‘’ ื‘ืงืจื™ื. ื•ืข’ ืฉืžื•”ืจ ืค’ ืคืงื•ื“ื™ ื ”ื ื‘’ ืœื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื›ืœ ื”ื ื“ื‘ื” ื”ืจ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืœืฉื ื™ ื‘ืงืจื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื•ื”ื•ืชืจ ื•ืคื™’ ืžืชื ื•”ื› ื“ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ื‘ืงืจ ื‘ื‘ืงืจ. ืื›ืŸ ืœืชื•ืก’ ืœื›ื’ ืฆ”ืœ ื“ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื’’ ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ื›”ื› ื‘ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื—”ืก ื“ืฃ ื›”ื˜ ืข”ื ืœืคื™ ืชื•ืก’).

ืžื™ื”ื• ืคื™’ ื”ื’ืจ”ื ืœื›ื’ ื“ืœื ื›ืชื•ืก’ ื”ื ”ืœ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ื’ืจ”ื ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืจืง ื‘’ ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ื’ืจ”ื (ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื) ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื˜”ื• ื•ืœืคื™ ืชื•ืก’ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืช. ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ื‘ืžืœืื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืชืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื“ื”ืจื™ ืžืœืื›ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช ืœืžื“ื™ื ืžื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ.

ืžื™ื”ื• ื‘ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื—”ืก ื”ื ”ืœ ื›ืชื‘ ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืจ”ื ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื•ืช ืกื•ื›ื” ื‘ื˜”ื• ืชืฉืจื™, ืืœื ืฉื”ื’ืจ”ื ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ื‘ืžืœืื›ื” ื‘ื˜”ื• ื•ืื– ื—ื–ืจื• ืขื ื ื™ื, ื•ื”ื—”ืก ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื ื“ื‘ื” ื‘ื‘ืงืจ ื‘ื‘ืงืจ ืขื“ ืœื™ืœ ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื˜”ื• ืชืฉืจื™ ื•ื›ืž”ืฉ ืชื•ืก’ ื“ืื– ื’ืžืจื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืžืœืื›ืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ, ื•ืื– ื—ื–ืจื• ื”ืขื ื ื™ื.

ื•ืขื•ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”ื’ืจ”ื ื“ื–ื”ื• ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื ื•ืขื ื””ื ืขืœื™ื ื• (ืขื ื ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื•ืื—”ื› ื ื˜ืœื• ืขื ื ื™ื) ื•ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ื›ื•ื ื ื” ืขืœื™ื ื• (ืžืฉื›ืŸ) ื•ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ื›ื•ื ื ื”ื• (ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื—ื–ืจื• ื”ืขื ื ื™ื).

ืžื‘ื™ืช ื•ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืชืฆืคื ื•

Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Aryeh Finkel, ztโ€l

ืดื•ืขืฉื• ืืจื•ืŸ ืขืฆื™ ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื ื•ื’ื•’, ื•ืฆื™ืคื™ืช ืื•ืชื• ื–ื”ื‘ ื˜ื”ื•ืจ, ืžื‘ื™ืช ื•ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืชืฆืคื ื•ืด (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื”,ื™-ื™ื). ื•ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ืขืœื” ื‘ื’ืžืณ (ื™ื•ืžื ืขื‘:): ืดืืžืจ ืจื‘ื, ื›ืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืชื•ื›ื• ื›ื‘ืจื• ืื™ื ื• ืชืดื—. ืื‘ื™ื™ ื•ืื™ืชื™ืžื ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืจ ืขื•ืœื ืืžืจ: ื ืงืจื ื ืชืขื‘, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืื™ื•ื‘ ื˜ื•,ื˜ื–): ืดืืฃ ื›ื™ ื ืชืขื‘ ื•ื ืืœื— ืื™ืฉ ืฉื•ืชื” ื›ืžื™ื ืขื•ืœื”ืด, ื•ืคืจืฉืดื™: ืดืื™ืฉ ืฉื•ืชื” ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืžื™ื ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืขื•ืœื”ืด, ืืฃ ืฉืฉื•ืชื” ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืžื™ื, ืžืดืž ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืขื•ื•ืœื”, ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ, ื“ืื™ืŸ ืชื•ื›ื• ื›ื‘ืจื•, ื ืงืจื ื ืชืขื‘. ื•ืœื ื–ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืชืดื—, ืืœื ื’ื ื ืงืจื ื ืชืขื‘. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžื™ ืฉืชื•ื›ื• ื›ื‘ืจื•, ื“ื•ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืœืืจื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื•ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืžืขืœืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื•ืžืœื‘ื“ ื–ืืช ืฉื ืคืฉื• ื•ื ืฉืžืชื• ืžืชืงื“ืฉื•ืช, ื’ื ื’ื•ืคื• ืžืชืงื“ืฉ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื•ื ืืจื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืœืชื•ืจื”.

ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืžืกื™ืœืช ื™ืฉืจื™ื (ืคืณ ื›ื•) ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืžื“ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื•ื–ืดืœ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื: ืดืืš ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื”ื“ื‘ืง ืชืžื™ื“ ืœืืœืงื™ื• ื•ื ืคืฉื• ืžืชื”ืœื›ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืฉื›ืœื•ืช ื”ืืžืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื”ื‘ืช ื‘ื•ืจืื• ื•ื™ืจืืชื•, ื”ื ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื• ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ืžืชื”ืœืš ืœืคื ื™ ื“ืณ ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ืขื•ื“ื ื• ืคื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”. ื•ื”ื ื” ืื™ืฉ ื›ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืžืฉื›ืŸ ื›ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ื›ืžื–ื‘ื—, ื•ื›ืžืืžืจื ื–ืดืœ (ื‘ืจืดืจ ืคื‘,ื–): ืดื•ื™ืขืœ ืžืขืœื™ื• ืืœืงื™ืืด (ืœื”,ื™ื’), ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื”ืŸ ื”ืžืจื›ื‘ื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืืžืจื•: ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื”ืŸ ื”ืŸ ื”ืžืจื›ื‘ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืฉื•ืจื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉืด.

ื™ื“ื•ืข ื”ืžืืžืจ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื (ื ืคืฉ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉ”ื,ืคืดื“) ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื”,ื—): ืดื•ืฉื›ื ืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ืืด- ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ืœื ื ืืžืจ, ืืœื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื, ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ืด.

ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืืดื› ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื–ื”, ื“ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ืžืฉืจื” ืฉื›ื™ื ืชื• ืขืœ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื›ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืžืฉื›ืŸ, ื›ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ื›ืžื–ื‘ื—. ื•ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื–ื”, ื“ื”ื ื›ืืจื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืงื“ืฉื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ื ืืžืจื• ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืฉืชื•ื›ื ื›ื‘ืจื, ืฉื’ื ื‘ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืชื ื”ื ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ืดืชื•ืšืด ื”ื•ื ืขืฆื ืžื”ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ื•ืฉื ืชืดื— ื”ืื“ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืจืง ื›ืฉืชื•ื›ื• ื˜ื•ื‘. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ืื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื•ืœ, ื”ืจื™ ืืฃ ืฉืฉื•ืชื” ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืžื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืฉื ืชืดื—, ื•ืœื ืขื•ื“ ืืœื ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื ื ืชืขื‘.

***

ื•ืขืชื” ื ื‘ืืจ ื’ื“ืจ ืดืชื•ื›ื• ื›ื‘ืจื•ืด.

ืื™ืชื ื‘ืžืชื ื™ืณ (ืื‘ื•ืช ื“,ื™ื’): ืดืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืœืฉื” ื›ืชืจื™ื ื”ื, ื›ืชืจ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื›ืชืจ ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ื•ื›ืชืจ ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืชืจ ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ื”ืŸืด. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืฉื•ืช, ื“ืืดื› ืื™ื›ื ื“ืณ ื›ืชืจื™ื, ื•ืœืžื” ืืžืจื” ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืฉืœื•ืฉื”.

ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื’ืจืดื ื–ืดืœ ื“ื™ืžื” ืืช ืžืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืœืžื” ืฉืืžืจื• ื‘ื™ื•ืžื (ืขื‘:): ืดืืžืจ ืจืณ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืฉืœืฉื” ื–ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืŸ, ืฉืœ ืžื–ื‘ื— ื•ืฉืœ ืืจื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืœ ืฉืœื—ืŸ”, ื•ืคืจืฉืดื™: ืดืฉืœ ืžื–ื‘ื— ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœื›ืชืจ ื›ื”ื•ื ื”, ื•ืฉืœ ืืจื•ืŸ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœื›ืชืจ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœื›ืชืจ ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ืฉื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœืขื•ืฉืจ ืžืœื›ื™ืืด. ื•ืžื” ืฉืืžืจ ืจืณ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืฉ ื’ืณ ื›ืชืจื™ื ืžืจื•ืžื– ื”ื•ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉืฆื™ื•ืชื” ืชื•ืจื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื’ืณ ื–ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื›ืŸ, ื•ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื’ืžืจื: ืดืฉืœ ืžื–ื‘ื— ื–ื›ื” ืื”ืจืŸ ื•ื ื˜ืœื•, ืฉืœ ืฉืœื—ืŸ ื–ื›ื” ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื ื˜ืœื•, ืฉืœ ืืจื•ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื ื— ื”ื•ื, ื›ืœ ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื™ืงื— ื™ื‘ื ื•ื™ืงื—. ืฉืžื ืชืืžืจ ืคื—ื•ืช ื”ื•ื, [ื“ื”ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื ื— ื”ื•ื ื•ืœื ื ื˜ืœื•ื”ื•], ืชืดืœ (ืžืฉืœื™ ื—,ื˜ื•): ืดื‘ื™ ืžืœื›ื™ื ื™ืžืœื•ื›ื•ืด, ื•ืคืจืฉืดื™: ืดื•ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืžืžืœื™ืš ืžืŸ ื”ืžืœืš, ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืžืจื” ืžืงืจื ื–ื”ืด.

ื ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ื“ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืขืฆืžื” ื›ืชืจ ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืžืœื™ื›ื” ืืช ื›ื•ืœื, ื“ื’ื ื›ืชืจ ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ื•ื’ื ื›ืชืจ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ื ืœื›ืชืจ ืชื•ืจื” ื“ื”ื™ื ืžืžืœื™ื›ื” ืื•ืชื. ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืจืณ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื›ืชืจ ืฉืœื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื’ืžืณ, ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ืชืจ ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ื”ืŸ. ื•ืคื™ืณ ื”ืจืขืดื‘: ืดืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืžืขืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืฉืžื•ืขืชื• ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžื—ืžืช ืžืขืฉื™ื•, ืœื ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืœื• ื›ืชืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ื• ื›ื‘ื•ื“. ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืœื” ืขืดื’ ื›ื•ืœืŸ, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื›ืชืจื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื•, ืฉืื ืชืดื— ื”ื•ื ื•ืกื ื• ืฉื•ืžืขื ื™ื” ืฉืจื™ ืœื‘ื–ื•ื™ื™, ื•ืื ื›ื”ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื•ืย  ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืžื (ืขื:): ืดื™ื™ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืขืžืžื™ื ืœืฉืœื ื“ืขื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืื”ืจืŸ, ื•ืœื ื™ื™ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื”ืจืŸ ืœืฉืœื ื“ืœื ืขื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืื”ืจืŸืด, ื•ืื ืžืœืš ื”ื•ื, ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื‘, ื›ื–):ย  ืดื•ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืžืš ืœื ืชืื•ืจืด, ื‘ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืขืฉื” ืขืžืšืด, ืืดื› ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืžืขืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ื›ืชืจื™ื ื›ื•ืœื.

ื•ืืชื™ ืฉืคื™ืจ ื”ื ื“ืœื ืžื ื” ืจืดืฉ ื›ืชืจ ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ื›ืชืจ ืจื‘ื™ืขื™, ื“ื‘ืืžืช ืื™ื ื• ื›ืชืจ ืจื‘ื™ืขื™, ืืœื ื“ื‘ืœื ื›ืชืจ ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืœืฉืืจ ื”ื›ืชืจื™ื ืขืจืš, ื“ื›ืœ ืžืขืœืช ื”ื›ืชืจื™ื ื”ื™ื ืจืง ื›ืฉื›ืชืจ ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ื”ื. ื“ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืชืจ ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ื”ื ื”ืจื™ ืžื•ืชืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื‘ื–ื•ืชื, ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ื™ื˜ืจื™ (ืื‘ื•ืช): ืดื•ืื ืื™ื ื• ืงื•ื ื” ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื›ืœ ืžื‘ื–ื™ื ืื•ืชื•, ื•ื ืžืฆื ื›ืชืจ ื‘ื˜ืœืด, ื“ื›ืชืจ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืืœื ื‘ื–ื™ื•ืŸ. ื”ื›ืชืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื›ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ื›ืชืจ ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ืžืฉื ืดื: ืดื‘ื™ ืžืœื›ื™ื ื™ืžืœื•ื›ื•ืด, ืื•ืœื ืื™ืžืชื™ ื”ื•ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื›ืชืจ, ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืขืดื’ ื›ืชืจ ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘, ื“ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ื›ืชืจ. ื•ื›ืชืจ ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ื•ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื’ื ื”ื ื ืงืจืื™ื ื›ืชืจ ืจืง ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืขืžื”ื ื›ืชืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืขื ื›ืชืจ ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘, ื“ื’ื ื›ืชืจื ื‘ืœื ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืื™ื ื• ื›ืชืจ. ื•ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ื”ืดืชื•ื›ื• ื›ื‘ืจื•”, ื“ื›ืฉืื“ื ื”ื•ื ืชืดื— ืจืง ืžื‘ืจื•, ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ื”ืŸ ื•ืžืœืš ื›ืฉืžืขืœืชื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืจืง ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ, ืื™ื ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ ืžืขืœื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื›ืชืจ. ื”ื›ืชืจ ืงื™ื™ื ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘, ื•ืจืง ืข”ื™ ื›ืš ืฉืชื•ื›ื ื›ื‘ืจื, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื›ืฉืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืชื ื–ื›ื” ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ืžืขืœื” ื–ื• ื ื•ืชื ืช ื›ืชืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื.

ืดืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘ืด ืคื™ืจืฉ ื”ืจืขืดื‘, ื“ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืžืขืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืฉืžื•ืขืชื• ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ื•ื›ืš ื”ื ื’ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื™ื•ืžื (ืคื•.): ืดื•ืื”ื‘ืช ืืช ื“ืณ ืืœืงื™ืšืด (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•,ื”) ืฉื™ื”ื ืฉื ืฉืžื™ื ืžืชืื”ื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ืš, ืฉื™ื”ื ืงื•ืจื ื•ืฉื•ื ื” ื•ืžืฉืžืฉ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ื•ื™ื”ื ืžืฉืื• ื•ืžืชื ื• ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื• ื‘ื ื—ืช ืขื ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช, ืžื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืื•ืžืจื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•: ืืฉืจื™ ืื‘ื™ื• ืฉืœืžื“ื• ืชื•ืจื”, ืืฉืจื™ ืจื‘ื• ืฉืœืžื“ื• ืชื•ืจื”, ืื•ื™ ืœื”ื ืœื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืœืžื“ื• ืชื•ืจื”, ืคืœื•ื ื™ ืฉืœืžื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืจืื• ื›ืžื” ื ืื™ื ื“ืจื›ื™ื• ื›ืžื” ืžืชื•ืงื ื™ื ืžืขืฉื™ื•, ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื•ืžืจ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืžื˜,ื’): ืดื•ื™ืืžืจ ืœื™ ืขื‘ื“ื™ ืืชื”, ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืฉืจ ื‘ืš ืืชืคืืจืด. ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืงื•ืจื ื•ืฉื•ื ื” ื•ืžืฉืžืฉ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืฉืื• ื•ืžืชื ื• ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื• ื‘ื ื—ืช ืขื ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช, ืžื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืื•ืžืจื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•: ืื•ื™ ืœื• ืœืคืœื•ื ื™ ืฉืœืžื“ ืชื•ืจื”, ืื•ื™ ืœื• ืœืื‘ื™ื• ืฉืœืžื“ื• ืชื•ืจื”, ืื•ื™ ืœื• ืœืจื‘ื• ืฉืœืžื“ื• ืชื•ืจื”, ืคืœื•ื ื™ ืฉืœืžื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืจืื• ื›ืžื” ืžืงื•ืœืงืœื™ืŸ ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื•ื›ืžื” ืžื›ื•ืขืจื™ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ื•, ื•ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื•ืžืจ (ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืœื•,ื›): ืดื‘ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื ืขื ื“ืณ ืืœื” ื•ืžืืจืฆื• ื™ืฆืื•ืด.

***

ื”ื ื”ื’ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืœื• ื›ืชืจ ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘, ื“ื›ืฉืžืชื ื”ื’ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืฉื ืฉืžื™ื ืžืชืื”ื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื•, ื‘ื–ื” ืฉืžืฉืื• ื•ืžืชื ื• ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื“ื•ืงื ืœืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช, ืืœื ื’ื ืœืžื•ืดืž ื‘ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืชื•ืจืชื• ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ืชืคื™ืœืชื• ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื’ื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื• ืขื ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื” ืฉื ืฉืžื™ื ืžืชืื”ื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื•, ื•ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืžืชืคืืจ ื‘ื• ื•ื›ืš ืงื ื” ืœืขืฆืžื• ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘, ื›ื™ ืชื•ื›ื• ื›ื‘ืจื•, ื•ืขื™ืดื– ืงื•ื ื” ืœืขืฆืžื• ื’ื ื›ืชืจ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื ืชืดื—. ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืชืื”ื‘ ืฉืดืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื•, ื”ืจื™ ืืฃ ื“ืฉื•ืชื” ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืžื™ื, ืžืดืž ื‘ืœื‘ื• ื ืžืฆืืช ืขื•ื•ืœื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื• ื•ืฉื ืฉืžื™ื ืžืชื—ืœืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื•, ื•ืืดื› ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื›ืชืจ ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื•ื–ื” ืืฆืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื•ืฉืจื™ ืœื‘ื–ื•ื™ื™, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื›ืชืจ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืœื›ืš ืื™ื ื• ืชืดื—.

ืื™ืชื ื‘ืื‘ื•ืช (ืคืดื‘ ืžืดื–): ืดืงื ื” ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืงื ื” ืœืขืฆืžื•ืด, ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืชื™ื•ืดื˜ ื‘ืฉื ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืžื•ืืœ, ื“ืดืงื ื” ืœืขืฆืžื•ืด ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืœื”ื ืืชื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ: ืดื•ืžืดืž ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืœืคืจืฉ ืฉืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืงื ื” ืขืฆืžื•ืชื•, ื•ืจืดืœ ืฉื‘ื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื• ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื ื” ื ืชืขืฆื ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื, ืฉื›ืœ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื›ืœื ื”ื™ื”, ื•ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉื’ื“ืจ ื”ืฉื ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ, ืฉื–ื”ื• ืžื” ืฉืงืจื ื”ืื“ื ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื—ื™ [ื•ืขืดื– ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ืœืžืœืื›ื™ื: ื—ื›ืžืชื• ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ืžืฉืœื›ื (ื‘ืจืดืจ ื™ื–,ื“), ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื•ื“ ืขืฆืžื•ืชื• ื•ืžื”ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื ื‘ืจื]. ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ืื ื”ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘, ื”ืจื™ ื–ื• ื”ื•ืจืื” ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื•ืชื•, ื›ื™ ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘, ืจืื•ื™ ืœื• ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื”, ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืงื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ืœื•ืืด. ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืฉืงื ื” ืชื•ืจื”, ืžืดืž ืฉืžื• ื ืฉืืจ ื ืชืขื‘ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืงื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ืœื•ื, ืงื ื™ืŸ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘, ื“ืื– ืฉืžื• ื”ื•ื ืชืดื— ืดื•ืงื ื” ืœืขืฆืžื•ืด, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื•ืชื•. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘, ื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืžื• ืชืดื—, ื•ืืดื› ืžื” ืงื ื” ืœืขืฆืžื•? ืœืงื ื™ืŸ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืจืง ื›ืฉืงื•ื ื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืชื• ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืชืดื— ื‘ืขืฆื, ื•ื–ื” ืจืง ืขืดื™ ืฉืชื•ื›ื• ื›ื‘ืจื•, ื•ืื– ื”ื•ื ื›ืืจื•ืŸ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืžืžืฉ ื•ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ื•.

***

ืื™ืชื ื‘ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ (ืกื”:): ืดืืดืจ ืื™ืœืขืื™, ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื“ื ื ื™ื›ืจ, ื‘ื›ื•ืกื• ื•ื‘ื›ื™ืกื• ื•ื‘ื›ืขืกื•ืด, ื•ืคืจืฉืดื™: ืดื‘ื›ื™ืกื•, ื›ืฉื ื•ืฉื ื•ื ื•ืชืŸ ืขื ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื, ืื ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื”ืด. ื•ื ืจืื”, ืฉืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื ื™ื›ืจ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืžื”ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืขืฆืžื•. ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื”, ื”ืื ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื ืขืฉื™ื ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืฉืจื•ืช, ื“ื›ืš ื ืžื“ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื•ืฉืžื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืฉืื• ื•ืžืชื ื• ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืชืดื— ืืฃ ืฉืฉื•ืชื” ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืžื™ื, ื›ื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืฆืœื• ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื• ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืชื•. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืขืฆืžื•, ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ืืœ ืชื•ื›ื• ื•ืืœ ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืชื•.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืื™ืชื ื‘ื’ืž’ ืฉื‘ืช (ืœื.): ืดืืžืจ ืจื‘ื, ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืื“ื ืœื“ื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื•: ื ืฉืืช ื•ื ืชืช ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”, ืขืกืงืช ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื•,ืด. ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืื ืžืฉืื• ื•ืžืชื ื• ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”, ื•ื”ืงืฉื• ื”ืชื•ืกืณ (ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืž:): ืดื“ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ื”ืžื ื•ื ื ืื™ืŸ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื“ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืืœื ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื”ืด. ื•ืชื™ืจืฆื• ืชื•ืกืณ, ื“ื ืคืจืขื™ื ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืœื ืงื‘ืข ืขื™ืชื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืฉื•ืืœื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ.

ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ, ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ืื ืžืฉืื• ื•ืžืชื ื• ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”, ื•ื ืคืจืขื™ื ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื•ื, ื“ื•ื“ืื™ ื ืคืจืขื™ื ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื—ื˜ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ื˜ื ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืขืœ ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืจืจ ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืžื™ื”ื• ื”ืื“ื, ืžื” ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืชื• ื•ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื•. ืขืดื™ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื–ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคืจืฉ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื•, ื•ื›ืŸ ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื• ื•ืืช ืชืคื™ืœื•ืชื™ื•. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื‘ืจืจ ื”ืื ืขืดื™ ื›ืš ืฉืœืžื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืืžื ื ืชืดื—, ืื• ืฉื—ืœื™ืœื” ื”ื•ื ื ืชืขื‘. ืœื›ืŸ, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžื”ื™ ืžื”ื•ืชื•, ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘, ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ, ืื• ืฉืžื ืื™ื ื• ื ืืžืŸ ื•ืื– ื”ื•ื ื ืชืขื‘ ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื. ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ื˜ืžื•ืŸ ืขื™ืงืจ ื“ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื.

***

ืื™ืชื ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืชื ื—ื•ืžื (ืจื™ืฉ ืคืจืฉืช ื•ื™ืงื”ืœ): ืดืืช ืžื•ืฆื ืฉืœืฉื” ืฉืžื•ืช ื ืงืจืื• ืœื• ืœืื“ื ื•ื›ื•’, ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืœืขืฆืžื•, ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžื›ื•ืœืŸ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืœืขืฆืžื•. ืชื“ืข ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ืขืดื™ ืฉืงื ื” ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื–ื›ื” ืฉื™ืขืฉื” ืžืœืื›ืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸืด. ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ืงื ื” ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืขืฆืžื•, ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ื•ืขืดื™ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื” ืชื•ื›ื• ื›ื‘ืจื•, ื–ื›ื” ืฉื ืขืฉืชื” ืขืฆืžื•ืชื• ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืžืฉื›ืŸ, ื›ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ื›ืžื–ื‘ื—. ื•ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื–ื” ื–ื›ื” ื•ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ, ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉืจืืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ื›ืชื•ื‘ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื”,ื—): ืดื•ืฉื›ื ืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ืืด. ื’ื ื›ืœ ืชืดื— ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื”ื™ื ืœื–ื›ืš ืืช ืœื‘ื• ื•ืืช ืชื•ื›ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื“ืณ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ื–ื” ื ืžื“ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื•ื›ืš ืงื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื•ืชื• ื•ืืช ืฉืžื• ื”ืืžื™ืชื™, ืจืง ืื– ื”ื•ื ื™ืงืจื ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื.

ืื™ืชื ื‘ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ (ืฆื‘.): ืดืชื ื ื“ื‘ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื•, ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืฉืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ืœื”ื—ื™ื•ืชืŸ ืื™ื ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ืŸ ืœืขืคืจืŸ, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื“,ื’): ืดื•ื”ื™ื” ื”ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื™ืืžืจ ืœื•, ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืžื” ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืœืขื•ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ืืฃ ื”ื ืœืขื•ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ืŸ. ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื ื›ืฉืชื‘ื•ื ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื” ื•ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ื™ื—ื™ื” ืืช ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื, ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื, ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืงื‘ืดื” ืงื™ื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื, ื›ืš ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืดืงื“ื•ืฉ ื™ืืžืจ ืœื•ืด ื•ื™ื”ื™ื• ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื. ื•ืžื™ื”ื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ? ื–ื” ืฉืชื•ื›ื• ื›ื‘ืจื• ื•ืฉื ืฉืžื™ื ืžืชืื”ื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื•. ืขืดื™ ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืžืงื“ืฉ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืชื•. ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”, ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืจื ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ื•. ืžืขืฉื™ื ื”ื ืขืฉื™ื ื“ื•ืงื ืžืชื•ื›ื• ื•ืžืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื•ืœื ืจืง ืžื”ืฉืคื” ื•ืœื—ื•ืฅ, ื”ื ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื ืžืชืจื‘ื” ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื“ื ื–ื” ืžืชืื”ื‘ ืฉื ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ื‘ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ืดื ืฉืืช ื•ื ืชืช ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”ืด. ื”ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ื”ื ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื, ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื, ืœืขื•ืœื ืฉื›ื•ืœื• ื˜ื•ื‘.

โ€ซโ€ชParshaโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ชPreview

Harav Hagaon Shmuel Friedman Shlita

The Exponential Power of Torah on Shabbos

Parashas Vayakhel-Pekudei

Harav Hagaon Shmuel Friedman shlita

The Tur writes (Orach Chaim 290) that after a person sleeps on Shabbos afternoon he should make time to learn. He cites a Midrash that relates that the Torah asked Hashem, โ€œWhen Klal Yisrael will enter Eretz Yisrael, everyone will be tending to their own pursuits, and who is going to take care of me?โ€ Hashem assured the Torah that He had a spouse for it: Shabbos. โ€œOn Shabbos,โ€ He explained, โ€œKlal Yisrael will not be working, so they will occupy themselves with Torah.โ€

The Beis Yosef and the Bach cite a Midrash in this weekโ€™s parashah that teaches that we need to establish a time on Shabbos to teach the people Hashemโ€™s laws and His Torah:

ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ืื’ื“ื” ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืชื—ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืขื“ ืกื•ืคื” ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ืคืจืฉื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื” ื•ื™ืงื”ืœ ืืœื ื–ืืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืืžืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืœืš ืงื”ืœื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœืคื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืœืžื“ื• ืžืžืš ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœื”ืงื”ื™ืœ ืงื”ืœื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืœื›ื ื•ืก ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืžื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืœืžื“ ื•ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื•ื”ื™ืชืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื ืฉืžื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืชืงืœืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™. ืžื›ืืŸ ืืžืจื• ืžืฉื” ืชืงืŸ ืœื”ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื โ€” ย ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืคืกื— ื‘ืคืกื— ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืขืฆืจืช ื‘ืขืฆืจืช ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื’ ื‘ื—ื’. ืืžืจ ืžืฉื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื ืืชื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ืกื“ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืžืขืœื” ืขืœื™ื›ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ืžืœื›ืชื ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ืืชื ืขื“ื™ ื ืื ื”’ ื•ืื ื™ ื-ืœ.

The Midrash notes that the beginning of this parashah is the only instance in which Moshe gathered the entire Klal Yisrael to teach them something. Every other portion of Torah was transmitted from Moshe to Yehoshua, from Yehoshua to the zekeinim, and from the zekeinim to the rest of Klal Yisrael. This parashah, however, was taught in public, to all of Klal Yisrael. Hashem said, โ€œMake big gatherings and teach Klal Yisrael the halachos of Shabbos, so that my Name should be praised among my children.โ€

Moshe therefore instituted that we should have shiurim to teach the halachos of Pesach on Pesach, the halachos of Shavuos on Shavuos, and the halachos of Succos on Succos. The Midrash concludes that if we do this, Hashem considers it as though we have crowned Him King in His world, as the passuk in Yeshayah says: ื•ืืชื ืขื“ื™ ื ืื ื”’ ื•ืื ื™ ื-ืœ.

Hashem was the One Who established this din that people should gather on Shabbos to learn Torah. And when we do so, we are spreading His Name and serving as witnesses for Him.

On a basic level, a person has to learn Torah on Shabbos and Yom Tov because he needs to know the halachos of what heโ€™s supposed to be doing, and that knowledge and learning connects him to the day. But on a deeper level, learning Torah on Shabbos connects the pnimiyus of our neshamah to the inner essence of Shabbos.

When One Equals 100,000

The Ben Ish Chai (Parashas Shemos, second year, introduction) explains Chazalโ€™s statement (Yerushalmi 15:3) that Shabbos was given to Klal Yisrael only so that they could engage in Torah study. During the week, he says, a person builds his physical world, and on Shabbos he must make sure to build his spiritual universe. Shabbos is meiโ€™ein Olam Haba, and we must increase our Torah learning on that day, because that is when weโ€™ll enjoy greater success in our ruchniyus. The Ben Ish Chai adds that the mekubalim wrote that Torah learning on Shabbos is a thousand times more powerful than the Torah learning during the rest of the week. He concludes that since we are building our spiritual world on Shabbos, the building of our physical world is banned.

The six other days of the week also have ruchniyus, but they are designated for gashmiyus. Shabbos, on the other hand, is a day when we refrain from the 39 melachos, because our โ€œworkโ€ on that day is ruchniyus. That is the meaning of the idea that the Torahโ€™s โ€œspouseโ€ is Shabbos.

Chazal also tell us that the reward for a mitzvah done amid difficulty is a hundred times greater than the reward for a mitzvah done without difficulty. If a person has a hard time learning, and he pushes himself to learn, his learning is worth a hundred times more than it would be if it were easy. Mathematically, then, it turns out that if a person learns on Shabbos amid difficulty, then one blatt of Gemara that he learns is worth 100,000 blatt.

The Chazon Ish used to say that there are certain chiddushim and sevaros that a person can understand properly only on Shabbos.

Similarly, the rosh yeshiva, Rav Nosson Tzvi, used to prepare his shiur klali mostly on Erev Shabbos afternoon. He would say that the kedushah of the imminent Shabbos would give him special siyatta dโ€™Shmaya to prepare his shiur.

The Vilna Gaon offers a beautiful insight regarding limud haTorah and ruchniyus on Shabbos. Just as Chazal tell us that the expenses of Shabbos and Yom Tov are not included in a personโ€™s financial allotment for the year, so, too, a personโ€™s hatzlachah in ruchniyus on Shabbos and Yom Tov is not included in his yearly โ€œallotmentโ€ of spiritual success, which is also determined on Rosh Hashanah. On Shabbos, a person can be zocheh to more than what he was rightfully awarded at the beginning of the year.

Shabbos Brings Purity

This parashah follows on the heels of the cheit haโ€™eigel, which involved a form of avodah zarah. The Tur, at the beginning of hilchos Shabbos, cites Chazalโ€™s teaching that if one keeps Shabbos properly, his sins are forgiven, as the Gemara says (Shabbos 118b): ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืจ ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื”ืœื›ืชื•, ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื›ื“ื•ืจ ืื ื•ืฉ ืžื•ื—ืœื™ืŸ ืœื•.

The Taz is puzzled by these words of the Tur. What does it mean that a personโ€™s sins are forgiven? If the person did teshuvah, then he doesnโ€™t need to have his sins forgiven. And if he didnโ€™t do teshuvah, then how can his sins be forgiven? He answers that although teshuvah sometimes requires yissurim in order to effect a complete kapparah, on Shabbos there is no need for that. It seems from the Tur that the person merits kapparah regardless of whether his teshuvah was complete.

Iโ€™ve heard that the Beโ€™er Mayim Chaim writes that Hashem has rachmanus on us and forgives our sins, because what kind of Shabbos would we have if we were soiled with aveiros? How would our neshamah โ€” and specifically our neshamah yeseirah โ€” experience the ruchniyus of Shabbos? Just as a chassan has his sins forgiven so that he can begin building his new home with joy, on Shabbos Hashem helps us achieve simchah and shleimus in ruchniyus by forgiving our sins.

This is reflected in the fact that this parashah, which begins with the mitzvah of shemiras Shabbos, follows that of the eigel.

Moshe Rabbeinu commanded Klal Yisrael to do two things in order to achieve atonement for the cheit haโ€™eigel. One was to keep Shabbos, which brings forgiveness, and the other was to build the Mishkan, a place of hashraas haShechinah that is also a kapparah for the eigel.

The Alshich adds that because the cheit haโ€™eigel was done publicly, with all of Klal Yisrael gathering to do the aveirah, the kapparah also needed to be done bโ€™hakhel.

 

The Glow of Shabbos is for Everyone

The Baal Haturim, at the beginning of this weekโ€™s parashah, notes that the juxtaposition of this parashah to the Torahโ€™s description of how Mosheโ€™s face shone teaches us that a person looks different on Shabbos than he does during the week.

Now, the passuk was discussing Moshe Rabbeinu only; it was not talking about all other members of Klal Yisrael. But the Arizal is quoted as saying that every single person merits two crowns on Shabbos, just as Klal Yisrael were given two crowns when they said naaseh venishma. After the eigel, these crowns were taken away from them and given to Moshe Rabbeinu, but, as the Arizal teaches, when a person keeps Shabbos properly, Moshe gives the crowns back to them as a gift.

This is the deeper meaning of the words we say in davening: ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืžึทื— ืžืฉึถืื” ื‘ึฐึผืžึทืชึฐึผื ึทืช ื—ึถืœึฐืงื•ึน ื›ึดึผื™ ืขึถื‘ึถื“ ื ึถืึฑืžึธืŸ ืงึธืจึธืืชึธ ืœึผื•ึน. Moshe is a โ€œloyal servantโ€ to return the crowns to every Yid who deserves it. Therefore, on Shabbos every Yid can achieve the ืงึธืจึทืŸ ืขื•ึนืจ ืคึธึผื ึธื™ื•, the special spiritual radiance that Moshe Rabbeinu merited.

As the chassidishe maaseh goes, a tzaddik once went to the mikvah, and on his way out, the attendant confronted him and asked him why he hadnโ€™t paid on the way in. The tzaddik had paid, but his visage had changed so much that the attendant didnโ€™t recognize him on his way out.

It turns out that while Klal Yisrael lost their crowns when they did the cheit haโ€™eigel, on Shabbos, which is the day of kapparah for that sin, the spiritual radiance of these crowns is restored. Perhaps we can suggest that the crowns that we received on the day of Mattan Torah are returned to us through learning Torah on Shabbos, particularly through learning Torah as a tzibbur, similar to what occurred at Mattan Torah. This Torah learning atones for the eigel, and when we do it communally, we get back this light.

The Gemara (Beitzah 16a) interprets the word ื•ึทื™ึดึผื ึธึผืคึทืฉื as ื•ื•ื™ ืื‘ื“ื” ื ืคืฉ, and we know that on Motzaei Shabbos, the neshamah yeseirah departs โ€” hence the expression of woe (vay). Why is the word ื•ึทื™ึดึผื ึธึผืคึทืฉื in Parashas Ki Sisa juxtaposed with the cheit haโ€™eigel? The Chasam Sofer explains that although Klal Yisrael lost their crowns due to the eigel, they get them back on Shabbos, through the special radiance of the face on that day.

Shabbos, then, is a special time to โ€œlog inโ€ to our ruchniyus. We should appear different on Shabbos, as the Baal Haturim says. Limud haTorah is the way to build our ruchniyus โ€” a thousand times more than during the week โ€” and especially limud haTorah done bโ€™rabbim, which, Chazal say, spreads Hashemโ€™s Name in the world.

We should be zocheh to utilize this tremendous treasure known as Shabbos, and specifically this week, Shabbos Hachodesh, which is the time for a new beginning.

Chazak chazak venisโ€™chazek!

  • SEARCH BY PARSHA

  • โ€ซโ€ชSEโ€ฌโ€ฌARCHโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ชBYโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ชRโ€ฌโ€ซโ€ชABBONIMโ€ฌโ€ฌ