ืืืจื ืจืืืชืื ื
Chodosh, Maran Hamashgiach Hagaon Harav Aaron ztโl
ืืืืืจืื ืืื ืืืฉืื ืืจืืื ืืื ืืขืืื ืืืืืื ืืื ืืืืจืื ืืจืฉืขืื ืืื ืฆืืืงืื ืืืืื ืืื ืขืืกืงื ืชืืจืชื
ืืืืขื ืืฉืืื, ืืืืข ืื ืืกื ืชืคืืืช ‘ืขื ืื ืืกืื’ ืืืกืืคืื ืืช ืืืฉืคื “ืืืืื ืืื ืืืืจืื ืืจืฉืขืื ืืื ืฆืืืงืื ืืืืื ืืื ืขืืกืงื ืชืืจืชื”, ืืจื ืืืืืจื ืื ืื ืืืง ืื ืืกื ืืืืืื ืืื ‘ืืืืจืื ืืื ืืืฉืื ืืจืืื ืืื ืืขืืื’ ืฉืืื ื ืก ืฉืื ืืืจื ืืืืข, ื”ื ืืืืข ืืืื ืืฉืคื ืื ืืืืืื ืฉื’ืขื ืื ืืกืื’.
ืืืืจ ืืจื ืืืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืจื ืืืจื ืืื ืืืฉ ืืฆืืื”ื: ืืื ื ืจืื ืฉืืฉ ืืคืจืฉ ืฉืืชืืกืคืช “ืืืืื ืืื ืืืืจืื ืืจืฉืขืื ืืื ืฆืืืงืื ืืืืื ืืื ืขืืกืงื ืชืืจืชื” ืืื ืืืขื ืืืืข ืืื ืื ืืฆืืื, ืืืืืจ ืฉืื ืืฆืืื ืืื ืืืืืช ืืืืื ืืื ืืืืจืื ืืืืื ืืื ืขืืกืงื ืชืืจืชื, ืืืื ืื”ื ืืืืื ื ืืื ืฉืืืจื ืืื’ (ืืืืช ืืฃ ื) “ืืื ืืืชืื (ืชืืืื ืงืื, ื) ืขืืืืช ืืื ืจืืืื ื ืืฉืขืจืื ืืจืืฉืืื, ืื ืืจื ืืจืืืื ื ืฉืืขืืื ืืืืืื, ืฉืขืจื ืืจืืฉืืื – ืฉืืื ืขืืกืงืื ืืชืืจื”, ืฉืืืืจื ืื ืฆืืื ืืื ืจืง ืขืกืง ืืชืืจื ืืืชืคืืืืช.
ืืืื ืฉืืขืงื ืืืื ื ืืืืจ ืืืืกืฃ ืฉืืื ืืงื ืืช ืฉืื ืื ืืชื ืื ืืืชื ื, ืืืืืืจื ืขืืงืจ ืืืืืื ืืฉืื ื ืขืฉืชื ืข”ื ืฉืืขืื ืืืื ื”ื ืืืืข ืื ื ืงืจื ืฉืืขืงื ืืื ืฉืืงื ืืืชื, ืืื ืฉืืืืืช ืืชืคืืืืช ืฉื ืืขืงื ืืื ืฉืชืจืื ืฉื ืืชืจืืื ‘ืืฆืืืชื ืืืขืืชื’ ืืื ืขืืงืจ ืื ืืฆืืื.
ืืืจื ืืืืื
Levinshtein, Maran Hamashgiach Hagaon Harav Yechezkel ztโl
ืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืคืขืื
ืืชืงืืคืช ืืืืืช ืืขืืื ืืฉื ืื, ืืืื ืฉืืืฉืืื ืืืชื ืืฉื ืืื, ืืืืขื ืืืืืขืืช ืขื ืืืืจืื ืื ืืจื ืืืืจืืคื. ืืื ื ืื ื ืืืฉืืื ืืฉืงืืขื ืืช ืขืฆืื ืืืืืื ืืชืืจื ืืงื’, ืื ืืืืืขืืช ืืงืฉืืช ืืืืืื ืืืฉืคืืืชืืื ืืจืื ืืืืืืจื ืงืฉื ืืืืฆื ืจืื ืืจืื.
ืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืขื, ืื ืืืืฉื ืฉืจืจ ืืืืืืช, ืืื ืื ืืื ืงืื ื ื ืืืืื ืฉืื ืืก ืืฉืืื ื ืฉืืจ ืืื ืืืื ืืขืืืื ืืื ืืฉืคืืชื. ืืื ืืฉ ืชืงืืื ืืชืืืืช ืืืืื ืฉืืืื?!
ืืจื ืืืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืจื ืืืืงืื ืืืื ืฉืืืื ืืฆืืื”ื ืืืงืฉ ืืจืืื ืืืืืง ืืช ืจืืื ืฉื ืชืืืืืื. ืืฉืืื ืฉืืกืจ ืืืืื ืืืฉืืื ืืขืืฆืืื ืฉื ืืื ืืื ืืื ืคื ื ืืื ืืชืืืืืื ืืืืจ:
ืืืืื ืื ืฉืืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืคืขืื! ืืืื ืืืืจืช ืืฉืื ืฉืืืจื ืืืืื ืื ื ืื ืขื ืืฉืจืื, ืงื ืืืืื ืืื, ืืชืชืืื ืื ืืืื ื, ืืขืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ืฉื ืืืื ืื. ืืืืชื ืื ืืืขืฆืื ืืืืงื ืืขืืื, ืืฉืจ ืฉืืื ืืขืืื ืืื, ืื ืืืื ืขืื ืืืืื ืืื. ืืชืชืืื ืฉืืชืืืื ืืฉื ืฉืืื ืืืจืื ‘ืื ืื’ ืืื’ ืืืฆืืื ืืืจืืจ ืืืจืื ืขืื ืืขื ืืืืืื ืฉืืืกืืจืืช ื ืคืฉ ืฉืืจื ืขื ืืืฉืืืืชื ืฉื ืืขื ืืืืืื.
ืืืขืืืืชื ืืืืชื ื ืฉื ืืชืชืืื ื ืขืฉื ืื ืก ืื ืคืื ืืืืจืื ืืืฉืื ืืจืืื ืืื ืืขืืื ืื ืืฆื ืืืช ืืืงืืฉ ืืืขื ืืืืืื ืืืื.
ืืืืื ืื ืฉืืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืคืขืื!
ืข”ืค ืืกืคืจ ืืื ืืฉื
ืืฉืืืื ืืืื
Shpitzer, Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shlita
ืฉืืช ืื ืืื
ืกืืจ ืืืืงื ืืขืจื ืฉืืช
ืฉื”ืข ืชืจืข”ื ื’ ืื ืจ ืื ืืื ืชืืื ืืืืฉืฉ ืืฉืืืช ืืื”ื. (ืืข’ ื”ื ืจืก”ื ืืฉื ืืจ”ื ืฉืืช, ืืจื”ืฃ ื’ ืข”ื, ืืฉื ืื”ื).
ืืืกืชืืืช ืืคืืกืงืื ืืฉืืข ืื”ื ืื ืืืืฉ ืืืืืง ื ืจ ืื ืืื ืืืืฉื ืืืืงืช ื ืจืืช ืฉืืช. ืืข’ ืื ืื ืฉืืื ื ”ื ืฉืขืื ืืื ืืืื’ ืืื ืืขื ืืื”ื ืฉืืื ืืื, ืืืืืจ ืฉืืืื ืฉืืื ืืืืืง ืืฉืืืืืช ืฉืื ืฆืจืื ืืืืืืง ืงืืื ืงืืืช ืฉืืช.
ืืืืกืืคื ืืืืจ ืืืฃ ืืคืกืง ืืฉื”ืข ืจืก”ื ื”ื ืืืืชืจ ืืืืจ ืืืืืจื ืืขืฉืืช ืืืืื ืขืืืจื, ืฉืื ื ืืื ืืืขื ืฉืืืืืช. ืืืื ืืฉ ืืขืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืจื ืืืฉืชื ืืืืคื ืืื ืืขื ืฉืืืืืช ืืื.
ืืฉื”ืจ ืืคืจื ืืฆืืง ื”ื ื’ ืฉืืฉืื ืืืขื ืื ืื ืฉืืื ืืืืืง ืขืืื ืืขื ืื ืืขืฉืืช ืข”ื ืฉืืื ืืืขืืจ ืืืจ ืืืื”ื ืฉื ืืกื’ ืชืจืข”ื (ืืืืื ืฉื ืื”ื) ืฉืืชื ืฉืื ืงืืื ืฉืืช ืืฉ ืื ืืืืืืง ืข”ื ืฉืืื.
ืืืืืช ืืฉื”ืข ืจืก”ื ื’ ืืชื ืืจื”ื ืืืื ืื ืฉืืืชื ืืฉื ืืืืืงืช ืืงืืืช ืฉืืช ืืืืืงื ืืื’ ืืื ืฉืืจ ืื ื ืืืืช ืืืชืจืื ืืืืืื ืขื ืืจืื. ืืงืฆืช ืืฉืืข ืืืื ืื ืขืืงืจ ืฉืืืช ืืื”ื, ืืื ืืื”ื ืื ืื ื ืืืืช ืืกืืจืื ืืืืืื, ืืจืง ืื ื ื ืืืืื ืื ”ื.
ืืข”ืฉ ืกืขืืฃ ื”ื ืื ืืืื ืืืขืื ื ืืขื ืืฆืืืืจ ืืืฉืื ืฉืืฉืืื ืืืืืืงื ื ืจืืช ืืืชืคืืื ืชืคืืช ืขืจืืืช ืฉื ืฉืืช ืืื’ ืืืขื ืื ืขืฉืืืช ืืืืื ืืื’ ืื”ื ืฉืืืชื ืฉืืืืืงื ื ืจืืช ืืกืืจืื ืืขืฉืืืช ืืืืื ืืฉืืจ ืื ืฉื ืืืืช ืืืชืจืื. ืืข”ืฉ ืืืืืฉื ืฉืจื ืืื ืฉืืื ืก”ื ืืื”ื, ืืก”ื ืืื ืฉืืจ ืื ืฉื ืืืืช ืืกืืจืื, ืืืืขื ืืืจืื ื ื ืืืช ืืจืื ืืืื ืจืง ืืืชื ืฉืืืืืงื ื ืจืืช ืืกืืจืื ืืขืฉืืืช ืืืืื ืืฉืืจ ืื ืฉื ืืืืช ืืืชืจืื. ืืืืื ืืงืืจ ืืื ืืื”ื ืฉืืืื ืฉืืืช ืื”ื, ืืืืื ืืขืช ืืืืืงืื, ืืืชื ืืื ืกืืืจ ืืกื”ื (ื”ืข ื’, ืืฃ ืงื”ื ืกืืฃ ืืืจ ื’), ืืืืื ืืืืฉื ืืกื”ื ืืขื”ืค ืืืืืืง ืืกืืจ ืืืืืื. ืืืืืืจ ืืืคื ืืื”ื ืืืื ืืกืืจืื. ืืืคื”ื ืืืื ืื ืจ ืื ืืื ืชืืื ืืคื ืืื”ื ืขืฆืื ืื ืก”ื ืืื ืืืขื ืืงืื ืฉืืช, ืืื ืืงืืฉืื ืืืืื ืืจืง ืื ืฉืื ืืงืืืืช ืฉืืช ืืืื ืืืืงืช ื ืจ ืฉืืช.
ืืื ืื ืืื
Ezrachi, Moreinu Hagaon Harav Yitzchok Shlita
ืืื ืืืืืจ ืืฆืืื ืืืกืืจืืช ื ืคืฉ
ย ื ืจ ืืื ืืื ืืืื
ืืืชื ืืื’ (ืฉืืช ื”ื ืข”ื) “ืช”ืจ ืืฆืืืช ืื ืืื ื ืจ ืืืฉ ืืืืชื ืืืืืืจืื ื ืจ ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืืืจืื ืื ืืืืืจืื ื”ืฉ ืืืืจืื ืืื ืจืืฉืื ืืืืืง ืฉืืื ื ืืืื ืืืืื ืคืืืช ืืืืื ืื”ื ืืืืจืื ืืื ืจืืฉืื ืืืืืง ืืืช ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืกืืฃ ืืืืื”
ืืืจืื”ื (ืค”ื ื”ื ืืืืืื ืืื ืืื) “ืืื ื ืจืืช ืืื ืืืืืง ืืื ืืื, ืืฆืืชื ืฉืืืื ืื ืืืช ืืืืช ืืืืืง ื ืจ ืืื ืืื ืฉืืืื ืื ืฉื ืืืืช ืืจืืืื ืืื ืฉืื ืืื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืื. ืืืืืืจ ืืช ืืืฆืื ืืืืืง ื ืจืืช ืืื ืื ืื ืฉื ืืืืช ื ืจ ืืื ืืื ืืื ืื ืฉืื ืืื ื ืฉืื ืืืืืืจ ืืืชืจ ืขื ืื ืืขืืฉื ืืฆืืื ืื ืืืืืืจ ืืืืืง ื ืจ ืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืจืืฉืื ืืืืกืืฃ ืืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ื ืจ ืืื”.
ืื ื ืื ืื ืจ ืื ืืื ืจืืืื ืื ื ืื ืืืืืจ ืืืฆืืื ืืืืฃ ืืืฆืืื ืืื, ืืืื ื ืขื ืืื ืืืฆืื ื ืืฉืจ ืืงืืืืื ืืืืืจืื, ืืืื ืืืืช ื ืื ืืืื ื ืฉืืงืืืืื ืืืฆืืื ืืืืคื ืืืชืจ ื ืื ืืืืืืจ, [ืืืืืชื ืืฉืืช ืงื”ื ืข”ื ืขื”ืค ืื ืงืื ืืื ืืื “ืืชื ืื ืืคื ืื ืืืฆืืืช ืขืฉื ืืคื ืื ืกืืื ื ืื ืืืื ื ืื ืฉืืคืจ ื ืื ืฆืืฆืืช ื ืื ืกืคืจ ืชืืจื ื ืื” ืืื’ ืืฉื”ื ืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืช] ืื ืื ืืืืืจ ืืืืฃ ืืืฆืืื ืฉืืืืจืื ืืืืืืงืื ื ืจ ืืืื”ื ืืื ืืืกืืฃ ืืืืื, ืืืคื ื ืื ื ืฉืชื ื ืืืืงืช ื ืจ ืื ืืื ืฉืืืืืจืื ืื ืืขืืงืจ ืืฆืืืช ืืืืงืช ืื ืจ ืืืื ืื ืืืืืืจ ืืฆืืื ืืฉืืจ ืืฆืืืช.
ืืืืืจ ืืฆืืื โ ืืืืช ื’
ืืืจื ื ืืืจ ืืช ืืืช ื ืงืืื ืืื ืืืชืื (ืืกืชืจ ื’ ื’) “ืืชืงืจื ืืกืชืจ ืืืชื ืืกืจืืกื ืืืื ืืฉืจ ืืขืืื ืืคื ืื ืืชืฆืืื ืขื ืืจืืื ืืืขืช ืื ืื ืืขื ืื ืื” ืืืืชื ืืื”ื (ืืกืชืจ ืจืื ืค”ื ื’) “ืืืขืช ืื ืื ืืขื ืื ืื ืืืจื ืื ืื ืืืืจ ืื ืืืืืื ืฉื ืืฉืจืื ืื ืืื ืืฆืจื ืืืืช, ืฉืื ืืคืจื ืืฉืจืื ืืื ืงืื ืืื ืืื” ืืื’.
ืืืื ื ืฉืืืืชื ืืกืชืจ ืืืฉืฉืช ืืืืฉืืช ืกืืืช ืืืืจื ืื ืืจืื, ืืืืืชื ืชืืื ืืืช ืืืืืจื ืฉืื ืืืืชื ืืืืืื ืฉื ืืฉืจืื ืืืื ืืืืช ืฉืืคืจื ื’ืื ืงืื ืืื ืืื’ ืืืืืจืื ืืคืืืืื ืื, ืืืืื’ ืื ืขื ืืื ืืื ืืืืืจื ืื ืืจืื ืืื ื’ืื ืงืื ืืื ืืื’
ืืืืื ืืช ืืืช ืฆืจืืืื ืื ื ืืืื ืืืืขืช ืฉืืืจื ืืืืื ืืช ืืงืจืช ืืืฆืืื ืืขืื ืื ืฉื ืืื ืื ืขื ืืื ืฉืืืืจ ืืื ืืงืืืื, ืื ืืืืฉ ืืืงืืื ืืขืืฉื ืืช ืืืืืืื ืืืฆืจืื ืืืืขืฉืืช ืืจื ืฉืืื ืืืขืฉืื ืืื ืืืืืืืช ืืืงืจืช ืืืฆืืื, ืืื ืขืืฉื ืืื ืืช ืฉื ืฆืืืื ืื, ืื ืืืฉืจ ืืืืจ ืืื ืืืงืืื ืืขืืฉื ืืฃ ืืช ืืืืืืจ ืฉืืื ื ืืืืื ืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืื ืืืืงืจ ืืื ืืืืฉืื ืืช ืืืฆืืื.
ื ืืฉืื ืืืช ืืืืืช ืืืืืช ืืื ืืื ื ืืืื ื ืืืจืช ืืื ืืืชืจ, ืืืืื ืื ืืชื ืช ืืืืจื ืืื ื ืืช ืืืืจ ืฉืืื ื ืืืจืื, ืืืื ื ืืืจืช ืื ืื ืืืืช ืืืืจืื ืืื ืืื ืืืฉืจ ืืืื ื ืืชื ืื ืืช ืืืืืจื ืืืืืชื, ืืืื ืื ืืชื ื ืื ืืช ืืืืจ ืืฉืจ ืืื ืืืืจื ืืื ืืจืืืฉ ืืื ืื ืืืืืื ืืืชื ืืืืืืื ืืืชื, ืื ืืืจืื ืืื ืืื ื ืื ืืืืจื, ืืืื ืืจืืื ืื ืืืืชื, ืื ืืื ืืืืืืจ ืืฆืืื, ืืืืืจ ืืืืืคื ืืช ืืืฆืืื ืืืงืืืื ืืืืืืจ ืืฃ ืฉืืื ืืืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืช ืขืฆื ืงืืื ืืืฆืืื, ืืจื ืฉืขืืฉื ืืช ืืืช ืืืืช ืืืืื.
ืืืืืื ืืืฉืจ ืืืื ืืืืจื ืืืกืืจืืช ื ืคืฉื ืืงืืื ืืืฆืืื, ืืจื ืฉืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืคืืขื ืืืืืช ืืืกืจ ื ืคืฉ, ืืืืืชื ืืืืืืชื. ืืื ืจืง ืืืฉืจ ืืืื ืืื ืืืืจ ืืืืืคื ืืช ืืืฆืืื ืืื ืฆืืืื ืืืงืืืื ืืื ืฆื ืฉืืืื ืืฉืืืืืช ืืขืฉืืช ืจืฆืื ื ืืชืืจื, ืืื ืกืืื ืืื ืืืงืจืช ืืืฉืืืืช ืืืฆืืื ืื ืืื, ืืืฉืืฉื ื ืืฉืืืืช ืืืืช ืืจื ืฉืืืื ืืื ืืืกืืจ ื ืคืฉ ืืขืืืจ ืงืืืื.
ืืื ืฉืืืจื ืืกืชืจ ืืฉืืื ืืช ืืจืืื, ืืืืช ืฉ’ืืืืืื ืฉื ืืฉืจืื’ ืื ืืืืชื ืฆืจื ืืืืื ื”ื ืฉืื ืขืืจื ืื ืืืคืจื ื’ืื ืงืื ืืื ืืื’ ืืืื ื ืฉืืืื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืช ืืืืง ืฉื ืืืืงืจ ืืืืื ืืช ืืืฆืืื, ืืืื ืงืืฉื ืืืื ื ืคืืจืื ืืื ื ืืื ืืชืืืฆืื ืืขืืืจื, ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืกืืจ ื ืคืฉ ืขื ืืืฆืืืช, ืืืฉืฉื ืืื ืกืืืช ืืืืืจื ืืืืืจื ืฉืื ืืืืชื ืืืืืื ืฉื ืืฉืจืื.
ืืืฉืจ ืืกืจื ื ืคืฉื ืขื ืืงืืื ืืืฉืืขื ื’
ืื ืืืื ืืืืืืจ ืืื ืฉืื ืจ ืื ืืื ืชืืงื ื ืื ื ืืืืืจ ืืืฆืืื ืืืืืงืช ืื ืจ ืขืฆืื, ืืกืื ืืืืื ืืช ืืฉืืืืช ืืกืืจืืช ืื ืคืฉ, ืฉืืื ืจืง ืืืืื ืฉื ืืืืื ืืืืืงืจ ืืช ืืืฆืืื, ืฉืื ืืขืืงืจื ืฉื ืืื ืืื ืืื.
ืืคืจื ืืืืจ ืืืจื ืื”ื (ืชืจ”ืข ื”ื ืื”ืฉ ืืฉืื ืืืืจืื ืืืืชืจืื) ืฉืืง’ “ืืืืื ืืืืืง ืืื ืืืคื ืงืฉื ืืื ืื ืงืืขืื ืืืฉืชื ืืืฉืืื ืืื ืืคืืจืื” ืืืชื ืืืืจ “ืื ืจืื ืืืคืืจืื ืขืืงืจ ืืืืจื ืืืชื ืืคื ืฉื ืื ื ืืกืขืืืชื ืืขื ืื ื ืืืจ ืขืืืื ืืืจืื ืืืืื ืืช ืืืืคืื ืฉื ืื ื ืืืืืื ืืฉืชืื ืฉื ืืืกืืจ ืืฉืืื ืืืฉืชื ืฉื ืืืกืืจ ืืืฉืขืฉื ืชืฉืืื ืขืื ื ื ืคืฉืืชื ืืื”ืฉ ืืกืชืจ ืื ืื ืืก ืืื’ ืืืคืืื ืงืืขืื ืืืฉืชื ืืืื ืืื ืืืืืจ ืขืืงืจ ืื ืก”
“ืืื ืืื ืืื ืขืืงืจ ืืืืืจื ืืืชื ืขื ืฉืืชืจืฉืื ืืขืืืื ืืข”ื ืืืชื ืืืืืจื ืืืื ืืื ืืขืืืื ืืืชื ืื ืืืจืืืชื ืฉืืืจ ืขืืืื ืืืื ืืชืืื ืืขืื ื”ื ืืฆืืื ืืืช ืืฉ ืืืื ืื ืืชื ืืืืืื ืืืชื ืืืื ืืืจ ืื ืืืืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืืืงืช ืืื ืืจื ืฉืืชื ืื ืืืขืืืช ื ืจ ืชืืื ืื ืืื ืฉืืืืืงืื ืืืชื ืชืืื ืื ืขืืืืื ืืื’ ืขืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืฉืื ืื ืืืฉืืืจื ืืชืฉืืื ืืืกืืจ ื ืคืฉื ืขื ืืขืืืื ืืืฉืืขื ื’ ืขื ืืื ืืื ืื ืขืืืื ืืขืืืื ืืืืช ื’ ืข”ื ื ืขืฉื ืื ืก ืื ืื ืื ืจืืช ืชืืช ืืฉืจ ืืขืจื ื ืคืฉื ืืืืช ืขื ืงืืื ืืขืืืื ืืืคืืื ืื ืงืืขืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืืืืช ืฉืืื ืืขืืืื ืฉืืื. ืฉืงืจื ืื ื ืื ืืืช ืื ืื ืืื ืืื ืื ืืจืืืื ืืืืขื ืืงืืื ืื ืืืฆืืื, ืืืืฉืจ ืืกืจื ื ืคืฉื ืขื ืืงืืื ืืืฉืืขื ื'” ืข”ื.
ืฆืจ ืืื ืืืฉืจืื ืืื
ืื ืื ื ืืฆืจื ืืจืข ืฉื ืืืื ืืืื ืืช ืืืฉืื ืขื ืฉืืืื ืืื ืื ืืืฉืจ ืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืชื ืืงืืื ืืฆืืื ืืจื ืฉืืื ืืืืจ ื ื ืื, ืื ืืืฉืื ืืื ืืช ืืืื ืืจืืื, ืืื ืืขืืช ืฉืืืืชื ืืื ืืืชื, ืืืืฉืจ ืฉืื ืืืจ ืืืืืจื ืขื ืืื ืขืืจื ื’ ืืืืฉืืขื.
ืืืืืชื ืืจืื”ื (ืค”ื ืืืืืื ืืื ืืื ื”ื) “ืืืืช ืฉื ื ืืฉืืืื ืืื ืืืจื ืขื ืืฉืจืื ‘ืืืืื ืืชื’ ืืื ืื ืืื ืืืชื ืืขืกืืง ืืชืืจื ืืืืฆืืืช ืืคืฉืื ืืื ืืืืื ื ืืืื ืืชืืื ืื ืื ืกื ืืืืื ืืคืจืฆื ืื ืคืจืฆืืช ืืืืื ืืืืจืืช ืืฆืจ ืืื ืืืฉืจืื ืืื ืืคื ืืื ืืืืฆืื ืืืฅ ืืืื ืขื ืฉืจืืื ืขืืืื ืืืงื ืืืืชืื ื ืืืืฉืืขื ืืืื ืืืฆืืื” ืฉืืื ืืืื ื ืฉื ‘ืืืืื ืืชื’ ืืืื ืื ืืืืืื ืืืืืช ืขื ืื, ืื ืืงื”ื ืื ืืื ืื, ืขื ืืฉืจ ‘ืฆืจ ืืื ืืืฉืจืื’ ืืื ืืืฉืืขื ื’ ืืื ืฉืืื ืืืืืื ืืขืืื ืืืงืืื ืืฆืืืช ืืื ืื ืฆืจืชื ืื ืื ืฆืจืชื.
ืืื ืฉืื ื ืืืืจืื ืื ืืกื ืืชืคืืื “ืืืชื ืืจืืืื ืืจืืื ืขืืืช ืืื ืืขืช ‘ืฆืจืชื’ ืจืืช ืืช ‘ืจืืื’ ืื ืช ืืช ‘ืืื ื’ ื ืงืืช ืืช ‘ื ืงืืชื’ ืืืื ื ืฉืืื ื ืืฉืขืื ืืืฉืจ ืืจืืืฉื ืฉืื ืฆืจืชื ืฉืืื, ืฉืืื ืื ืืืืืื ืืงืืื ืืฆืืื, ืืจืื ืืืจืืฉื ืื ืืืืืช ‘ืฆืจืชื’ ืืืฉืจ ืืื ืืืืืื ืืงืืื ืืฆืืืช, ืื ืจืง ืื ืืืืงืจืื ืื ืืช ืืืฆืืื, ืืขื ืืื ืื ืืืฉืืขื ื’ ืืจืืืื.
ืืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืฉื ืจืื ืืขืื ืื ืฉื ืืื ืื ืืงืืฉื ืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ืขืื, ืื ืืืืช ืฉืืืืงืจ ืืื ืืช ืืืืจ, ืื ืกื ืื”ื ืืืืฉืื ืืื ืืืื, ืื ืกืืื ืืืืืจ ืืื ืื ืฉืืืืงืจ ืืื ืืืืื ืืช ืืืืจ. ืืืขืืจืื ื’ ืืื.
ืืืืืืงื ื ืจืืช ืืืฆืจืืช ืงืืฉืื
ืืืขืชื ื ืืื ืืืืื ืืืื, ืืื ื ืืืฉืืื ืืื ืื ืืขื ืืื ืืืืืงื ืื ืจืืช ืืืื ืฉืืฆืื ืืช ืืื, ืื ืืืื ืฉืจืื ืฉืืื ืืฉืื ืืกืคืืง ืืืืืงื ืชืืืืืช, ืืื”ื ืืืื ืคืืกืงืื ืืืืืงืชื ืื ืืขื ืื ืืืชืื ื ืขื ืฉืืืื ืืจืฉืืชื ืืื ืืืืงื ืฉื ืฉืืจ ืืืื, ืืืื ื ืชืืืฆื ืืืืืืง ืืฃ ืฉืืฆืื ืฉืื ืจืง ืืื ืืืืงืช ืืื ื’.
ืืื ืืืชืืื ื ืืืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ืขื ืืขืงื ืืืื ื, ืืืชืื (ืืจืืฉืืช ื”ื ื”ื) “ืืืฉืื ืืขืงื ืืืงืจ ืืืงื ืืช ืืืื ืืฉืจ ืฉื ืืจืืฉืชืื ืืืฉื ืืชื ืืฆืื ืืืฆืง ืฉืื ืขื ืจืืฉื”
ืืืจืื”ื ืืชื (ืฉื) “ืืฉื ืืขืงื ืืืงื ืืืื ืื ืืืฆื ืืืชื ืืื ืืื ืืืช, ืืฉื ืืืชื ืืฆืื ืืชืื ืืืงืื, ืืืจื ืื ืฉืื ืื ืืฉืืื ืืืฆืง ืขืืื, ืฉื ืืืจ ืืืฆืืง ืฉืื ืขื ืจืืฉื” ืืืืืืจ ืฉืื ืืื ืื ืฉืื ืจืง ืื ืืฉืืื ืืจื ืื. ืืืืืจ’ ื”ื ืืฉืื ืืฉืืื ืื ืืขื ืื ืืืขืงื ืืืื ื ืืชืืืื ืืขืฉืืืช ืืืฆืื ืื ืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืฆืืง ืขืืื ืฉืื, ืืื ื ืชืืืจ ืฉืื ืืื ืื ืืื ืฉืื ืืืืชื ืฉืขื.
ืื ืืืืืืจ ืืื ืื ืืขืงื ืืืื ื ืขืฉื ืื ืฉืืืื, ืืฃ ืฉืืื ื ืจืื ืืืืชื ืืขืช ืื ืืื ืื ืฉืื ืืืฆืืง ืืืชื, ืื”ื ืืืืืจ’ ืืื ืืขื ืื ืืขืฉืืช ืืืฆืื ืืื’, ืื ืืืืื ืืช ืืืฆืืื ืืกืจ ื ืคืฉื ืขืืื, ืืื ืืฉืืืื ืกืืืขืืื ืืืจื ืื ืฉืื, ืื ืืืืกืจ ื ืคืฉื ืขื ืืืืจ ืืืื ืืืคืฉืจืืชื ืืงืืืื.
ืขืื ืืชื ืืจืื”ื (ืฉื) “ืื ืขืฉื ืืงื”ื ื ืื ืจืื ืืืื ื ืืืืข ืืช ืืืื ืขื ืขืืงื ืชืืืืืช ืืขืฉื ืืืชื ืกื ืืฃ ืืืจืฅ ืืืื ืฉืืื ื ืืชื ืกื ืืฃ ืืืืคื, ืืคืืื ื ืงืจืืช ืืื ืฉืชืื ืฉืฉื ืืื ืืืืจ ืืืจืฅ ืืืฉื ื ืคืชืื ืืืจืฅ ืืขืืื ืืืื ื’ ืขืืื, ืฉื ืืืจ ืืืืื ืืืืช ืืฉืจ ืืชื ืืฆืื ืืืื ืืืช ืืืงืื” ืืื’
ืขืืืงื ืฉืืืืจืื ืืื ืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืงื”ื ืืช ืืขืืื ืืืฉืชืืชื ืขื ืืกืื ืื, ืืืื ืืื ืืฉืชืื, ืืฉืืขืืช ืืืืจืื ืื ืืขืืื ืขืืื ืขื ืื ืขืฉื ืืืกืืจืืช ื ืคืฉ, ืื ืืืื ืฉืขืืื ืืืฉืชืช ืืขืืื, ืืืฉืจ ืขืฉื ืืขืงื ืืฆืื ืืฃ ืฉืื ืืื ืื ืฉืื, ืื ืืจื ืืื ืืืืกืจ ื ืคืฉื ืขื ืืืืจ ืฉืืกืืืขืืื ืื ืืฉืืืื ืืงืืืื.
ืืืืื ืื ืืื ืฉืืืื ืืืฉืืื ืืื, ืื ืืฃ ืฉืืื ืื ืืฆื ืฉืื ืจืง ืืฉืืื ืืื ืืื, ืืจื ืฉืื ืืืกืจื ืืขืฉืืช ืื ืื ืฉืืืื ืขื ืงืืื ืืืฆืืื ืืื, ืืจื ืฉืืืื ืืืื ืืงืืืื. ืื ืืืื ืืื ืขืืื ืืขืฉืืช ืืืืกืืจ ืื ืคืฉ ืขื ืฉืืืื ืืขืฉืืช ืืื ืืฉืืืื ืืกืืืขืืื ืืื.
ืืื ืืืื ืืขืชืื ืืกืืืขืื ืืืชื
ืืฆืื ื ืืืฉืจ ืืืจืข ืขื ืืขืงื ืืืื ื ืืืจืื ืืืจื, ืืืืชืื (ืืจืืฉืืช ื”ื ื”ื) “ืืืคืืข ืืืงืื ืืืื ืฉื ืื ืื ืืฉืืฉ ืืืงื ืืืื ื ืืืงืื ืืืฉื ืืจืืฉืืชืื ืืืฉืื ืืืงืื ืืืื”, ืืื”ื ืืชืื (ืืจืืฉืืช ื”ื ื”ื) “ืืืฉืื ืืขืงื ืืืงืจ ืืืงื ืืช ืืืื ืืฉืจ ืฉื ืืจืืฉืชืื ืืืฉื ืืชื ืืฆืื ืืืฆืง ืฉืื ืขื ืจืืฉื” ืืืจืฉ”ื “ืืืฉื ืืจืืฉืืชืื ืขืฉืื ืืืื ืืจืื ืกืืื ืืจืืฉื ืฉืืจื ืืคื ื ืืืืช ืจืขืืช, ืืชืืืื ืืจืืืืช ืื ืขื ืื, ืืืช ืืืืจืช ืขืื ืื ืื ืฆืืืง ืืช ืจืืฉื, ืืืืช ืืืืจืช ืขืื ืื ืื, ืืื ืขืฉืื ืืงื”ื ืืื ืืืช ืืืื ืฉื ืืืจ ืืืงื ืืช ืืืื ืืฉืจ ืฉื ืืจืืฉืืชืื” ืืจื ืื ื ืฉืขืฉื ืืงื”ื ื ืก ืืืื ืืฉืจ ืืื ืืืื ืื ืชืงืืื ืืคื ืื ืืงืฉืชื.
ืืืืืื ืืฆืื ื ืื ืืชืื (ืืจืืฉืืช ื”ื ื”ื ืืฉื) “ืืืืงืฅ ืืขืงื ืืฉื ืชื ืืืืืจ ืืื ืืฉ ื’ ืืืงืื ืืื ืืื ืื ืื ืืืขืชื, ืืืืจื ืืืืืจ ืื ื ืืจื ืืืงืื ืืื ืืื ืื ืื ืื ืืืช ืืืงืื ืืื ืฉืขืจ ืืฉืืื”
ืืืคืจืฉ”ื (ืฉื) “ืืืคื ืฉืืืจื ืจืืืชืื ื ืฉืืืจ ืืงื”ื ืฆืืืง ืื ืื ืืืืช ืืืื ื ืืืคืืจ ืืื ืืื ื, ืืขืื ืืืจื ืืขืงื ืงืจื ืืืจืืฉืืื ืืืช ืื ืืื ืืื ืืื ืืื ืืจืืฉืืื ืืืืืื ืืืื ืืืืจ ืื, ืืืืจ ืื ื ืฉื ืขืงืจ ืืจ ืืืืจืื ืืื ืืืื, ืืื ืืื ืงืคืืฆืช ืืืจืฅ ืืืืืจื ืืฉืืืืช ืืืืื ืฉืื ืืืช ืืืงืืฉ ืืงืจืืชื ืขื ืืืช ืื, ืืืื ืืืคืืข ืืืงืื, ืื”ืช ืืฉืขืืจ ืืขืงื ืขื ืืืช ืืืงืืฉ ืืืืข ืื ืขืืืื ืฉื, ืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืชืคืื ืืืงืื ืฉืืชืคืืื ืืืืชืื ืืื ืืฉืืื ืืขืืืืื, ืืืื ืขื ืืจื ืืื ืืืืืจืื ื ืืื’ ืืงืจื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืจื ื ืื ืืื ืืืจื ืืืจ ืืคืฉืจ ืฉืขืืจืชื ืขื ืืงืื ืฉืืชืคืืื ืืืืชื ืืื ืืชืคืืืชื ืื, ืืื ืืขืชืื ืืืืืจ ืืืืจ ืขื ืืืช ืื ืืงืคืฆื ืื ืืืจืฅ”
ืืืืืจ ืคืื ืืืชืืื ื ืฉืื ืืืืืจ ืืืื ืืืืื ืขืฉื ืืงื”ื ื ืก ืืขืฉืื ืืืื ืืืช, ืืืื ืืขืืืช ืืืช ืืืขืงื ืืืื ื ืื ื ืืชื ืืคื’ ืจืื ืงื ืฉืืื ืืงืื ืฉืืชืคืืื ืืืืชืื, ืืขืช ืฉืขืืจ ืืืจ ืืืืจืื, ืืื ืืขื ืืืฆืจื ืืืื ืืืฉืื.
ืืื ืืืืืจ ืืืืจืื ืืืื ืืคื ืฉืืืืจื ื, ืื ืงืจืื ื’ ืืื ืงืืจืืื ืืื ืืฉืจ ืืงืจืืืื ืืืืช, ืืืื ื ืืืฉ ืื ืงืืจืืื ืืืฃ ืืืื ืืืืื ืืขืช ืฉืืืงืฉื ืขืื ืื ืื ืฆืืืง ืืช ืจืืฉื, ืืืื ื ืื ืืืืืข ืขื ืคื ืืืจื ืจืืืชืื ื (ืืก”ื ืค”ื) “ืื ืื ื ืขืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืจืืืช ืืื ืืืืืชื ืืฉืืฉื ืืืื ืืฉืื ืืืงืืฉ ืืงืืฉืชื ืืชืืจื” ืืื’ “ืืืขื ืื ืืื ื ืืืงืื ืฉืืงื ืืขืงื ืืืื ื ืืฉื ืืจืืฉืืชืื ืืืจื ืืืจ ืจืื ืืฆืืง ืืืื ืฉื ืชืงืืฆื ืืื ืืืงืื ืืื ืืืืชื ืื ืืืช ืืืืจืช ืขืื ืื ืื ืฆืืืง ืจืืฉื”
ืืืื ื ืื ืื ืื ืืจื ืืขืืื ืฆืจืื ืืช ืชืืงืื ื ืืงืืื ืชืืืืชื, ืืืฃ ืืืืื ืืืข ืื ืืงื”ื ืฉืืจืืืฉ ืืช ืืืงืืง ืื, ืืืืื ืื ืืืื ืชืืงืื ื ืืื ‘ืขืื ืื ืื ืฆืืืง ืืช ืจืืฉื’, ืืืชืืืื ืืจืืืืช ืืข”ื ืื ืขืฉื ืืื ืืงื”ื ื ืก ืืืืืื ืฉืืืื ืืชืืงืื ืืื ืืืื ืื ืื ืืื ืืืช ื ืขืฉื, [ืืขื”ื ืืชื ืื ืฆื”ื ืืืขืืง ืืืจ (ืืจืืฉืืช ื’ ื”ื) “ืืกืฃ ืืืงืื ืืช ืืจืคืชื ืืคื ืืคืฉื ืื ืืจืืื ืฉืื ืืืืข ืืชืืืืชื ืืจื ืืกืจ ืืืืื ื ืืืจืคื ืืื” ืข”ื.] ืขื ืื ืืืืชื ืื ืืื ืืืงืฉืช ืฉืืืื ื ืขืฉื ืื ืชืืงืื ืืืืจืืจ ืื, ืขื ืืื ืฉ’ืขืื ืื ืื ืฆืืืง ืืช ืจืืฉื’, ืืืืืช ืฉืืืงืฉื ืื ืืืงืฉื ืืืืช, ื ืขืฉื ืืื ื ืก ืืืืืื ืืงื”ื ืืืื ืืืช.
ืืืื ืืฉืขื ืฉืขืืจ ืืขืงื ืืืื ื ืืื ื ืชื ืืื ืืืงืื, ืืจื ืื ืืฉืืื ืื ืื ืกืืืขืืื ืืจืืื ืืื, “ืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืชืคืื ืืืงืื ืฉืืชืคืืื ืืืืชืื ืืื ืืฉืืื ืืขืืืืื, ืืจืง ืืืฉืจ ืืื ืืืืื, ืืืื ืืขืชืื ืืืืืืจ, ืื ืื ืืื ืงืืจื ืืื ืืืืช, ‘ืืคืฉืจ ืฉืขืืจืชื ืขื ืืงืื ืฉืืชืคืืื ืืืืชื ืืื ืืชืคืืืชื ืื’, ืื ื ืขื ื ืืื ืื ืื ืื ืขืฉื ืื ื ืก, ืื ืืื ืืืกืืื ืฉื ืชืคืืื ืืืืื ื ืขื ื ืื ืืฉืจ ืืงืจื ืื ื’ ืืืืช. ืื ืจืืื ื ืืฆื ืืืฉืืื ืืื, ืื ืืฃ ืฉืื ืืื ืืคื ืืื ืื ืื ืฉืื ืืื ืืื ื’ ืืืืืื ืืื ืืืคืฉืจืืชื ืืืืฉ ืืืฆื ืฉื ื ืจ ‘ืชืืื’ ืื”ื ืขืฉื ืื ืฉืืืื, ืื ืขืฉื ืืื ืืื ืื ืก.
ืืจืืื ืืขืฉื ืื ื ื ืกืื ืื ืคืืืืช
ืืืืชื ืืฉื”ืข (ืชืจืค”ื ื’) “ืื ื’ ืืื ืื ืืื ืืืืจ ืขื ืื ืกืื ืืื”ื ืืืจืืช ืืืจืฅ ืืื’ ืืืชื ืืจื”ื “ื”ื ืืฉืฉืื ืขื ืื ืกืื ืืื”ื ืืฉืืืืข ืืืจืืื ืืืืจ ืืจืืื ืืขืฉื ืื ื ื ืกืื ืื ืคืืืืช ืืฉื ืฉืขืฉืืช ืืืืืชืื ื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืชืชืื ืืื’.
ืืืืืืจ’ ืืืจ ืคืื ืืื, ืืืื ืื ื ืืืงืฉืื ืฉืืขืฉื ืื ื ‘ื ืกืื ืื ืคืืืืช’, ืืื ืืืืืืจ ืืื ืืฉื ืื ื ืขืฉื ืืื ืื ืก ืืื ืืืืืช ืฉืขืฉื ืชืฉืืื ืืคื ืฉื ืชืืืจ ืืขืื ืืืืจื ืื”ื ืืืื ืืืืงืจืื ืืืืืืื ืืช ืืืฆืืื ืืืกืืจ ื ืคืฉื ืขืืื, ืืืื ืฉืื ื ืืืงืฉืื ืืืืืช ืืขืื ืืืจืื ืืืืืช ื’ ืืืฆืืืชืื ืืจืืืืื ืฉืืขืฉื ืื ื ื ืกืื ืื ืคืืืืช ืืืืืื ืืื.
ืืืืช ืืืืื ืจืง ืื ืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืงืืื ืืืฆืืืช ืืืืื ื ืฉื ‘ืื ืชืื ืฆืืืง’ ืืจืื ืืื’ ืฉืื ืืจื ืฉืจืืืง ืืื ืืืืืช ื’ ืืงืจืืชื, ืื ืืืงืืื ืืืืคื ืฉื ‘ืื ืืื ืืื ืืืื’ ืืืื ื ืืชื ืื ืืคื ืื ืืืฆืืืช ืืื ืืืืช ื’ ืืงืจืืชื, ืืืฃ ืฉืืืื ืืื ืืืกืชืคืง ืืขืฆืช ืืืฆืจ, ืืืืชื ืืืืขืื ืืืฉืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืืื ื”ื ‘ืคืืืจ’ ืืช”ืช ืืฉ ืืื, ืืืจืื ืืืืคื ืืื, ืื ืืืืจื ื ืืื ืืืจืชื ืฉื ืืจื ืืืฉืืื ืืืจ”ื ืืืื ืฉืืืื ืืฆืืง”ื ืขื ืืืชืจืคืื ืืืืืื ืืชืืจื ืืืืื ืืื ืื ืื ื”ื ื ืฆืืื ื ืฉื ืืืืื ืื ืืืืืื, ืืืืช ืืืืื ืชืืจื ืฉื ืขืฉื.
ืืกืืจืืช ืื ืคืฉ ืชืืืื ืื ืงืืื ืืื
ืืืืฉื ืืืื ืืชื ืืืืจ (ืืคืืจื, ืืืจืื) ืืช ืืืจื ืืืจืืฉืืื “ืื ืืืื ืืืืืื ืืฉื ื ืืฉืื ืืืืื ื ืืจืืฉืื (ืืืงืืฉ ืจืืฉืื ืืื ืืื ืฉื ืืืืจืืช ืืืืื ืืฉืื) ืื ืืืืืื ืืชืืืข ืืฆืืจ ืืืื ืืฉื ื” (ืืืงืืฉ ืฉื ื ืื ืืื ืืืืื ืจืง ืืฆืืจ).
ืืืืืจ ืืื ืื ืืฉืจืื ืฉืืื ืืืงืืฉ ืจืืฉืื ื ืชืืื ืขืืื ื ืืืื ื ืฉืื ืืื ืจืง ืืืืื, ืืื ืคื ืืืืืช ืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืช ืืชืืจื ืืืืืช ืืฉืจืื, ืืื ืฉืืืจื ืืฆื ืืืื ืฉืืื ืื ื ืืืจื ื ืืฆืืื ืืืืืื ืืคื ื ืฉืื ืืื ืืื ืืืฉืื ืืช, ืืื ืืืืืจื ืื ืืืื ืฉื ืฉืื ืืกืคื ืืืืื ืืื ื ืืชื ืืืื ืื ื ืขืืื ืืื ืืืื ืขืื ืื ืื ืืชืืจื ืื ืืื ื ืืชื ืืืื ืืืกืจ ื ืคืฉื ืขื ืื, ืืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืฉืื.
ืืฉื”ื ืืืงืืฉ ืฉื ื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืชืืืข ืฉืื ืืืื ืืชืืื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืคื ืืืืืชื ืฉื ืืช ืื ื ืืืืฉืื ืืช ืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืจืง ืืฆืืจ. ืืคื ื ืฉืืืื ืืื ืืืจ ืืืื, ืืื ืืืฆืื ื ืจืง ืืืืื ืืืื ืื ื ืืืจ ืืืช ืจืืฉืื. ืขืืช”ื.
ืืืืืืจ’ ืืฉ ืืืืื ืืืืจืื ืื ืจืืื ืืื ืฉืืืื ืืืืืจื ืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ืืื ื ืงื, ืืืื ืจืืืื ืืช ืืืช, ืืืื ืืฃ ืื ื ืืืจื ืฉื ืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืขืืืง ืืื ื ืืืจ ืืืช ืฉื ื, ืืื ืืื ืืืฆืื ื ืืื ื ืืืจ ืืืช ืจืืฉืื.
ืจืง ืืืื ืืืืืืจ ืฉืืืืืื ืืื ืืื ืฉืืื ื ืืชื ืืื ืืืื ืื ื ืขืืื ‘ืืื ืืืื ืขืื ืื ืื ืืชืืจื ืื ืืื ื ืืชื ืืืื ืืืกืจ ื ืคืฉื ืขื ืื’ ืืืคื ืฉืืืจื ื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืืืืืช ืืืกืจ ื ืคืฉ ืืื ื ืงืืืช ืืื ืืฉืืืืืชื ืืืืืช ื’ ืืงืจืืชื, ืืืื ืฉืืื ‘ืืืกืจ ื ืคืฉื ืขื ืืชืืจื’ ืื ืืืชื ื ืืืื ืื ื ืขืืื, ืืข”ื ืฉืืื ืืื ื ืงื.
ืื ืืืืืืช ืืืกืืจ ืืช ืื ืคืฉ ืขื ืืืืจ ืืื ืจืง ืืืฉืจ ืืืื ืืื ื ืงื ืืื ืฉืืงืื ืืจ ืฉื ืืกืฃ ืืืื, ืืขื ืืื ื ืื ืืื ืืืืืจื ืืื’ ืืจืง ืืืฉืจ ืืื ‘ืคื ืื ืืืชื ืื’ ืืืื’ ืืืืื ืืืจืื ืื.
ืืืื ืื ืกืื ืืืืืช ืืืืจ ืื ืืฉืคื ืืืืืฅ, ืืื ืื ืืื ืืืืจ ืืืืืข ืืืืื ืื ืืืกืืจ ืืื ืืช ืื ืคืฉ, ืื ืืืืืข ืืื ืื ืื ืงื ืืืชืจ ืฉืืืื ืืืื ืืชืืืื ื”ื ืืืฉืจ ืืืื ืืืกืจ ืืช ืื ืคืฉ ืขื ืงืืื ืืืฆืืืช, ืืืืช ืฆืจืื ืืืืืช ืฉืื ืืืืงืืช ืืืืืช ื’ ืืืฆืืืชืื, ืืื ืืื ืืืืจ ืืื ืืืืจ ืชืืื ืืื ืื.
โซโชParshaโฌโฌ โซโชPreview
Shpitzer, Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shlita
Proud to Be a Jew!
Chanukah
Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shpitzer Shlita
We say in Al Hanissim that the Yevanim wanted to stop the Yidden from learning Torah and keeping mitzvos: ืึฐืึทืฉืึฐืึผึดืืึธื ืชึผืึนืจึธืชึถึฝืึธ ืึผืึฐืึทืขึฒืึดืืจึธื ืึตืึปืงึผึตื ืจึฐืฆืึนื ึถึฝืึธ. Specifically, they decreed against Shabbos, bris milah, and Rosh Chodesh; we also find references to other decrees, such as coercing Yidden to worship idols.
The Bach tells us that these decrees didnโt happen in a vacuum. They came about because the Yidden were weak, and didnโt display the correct chashivus for each of these mitzvos. If Shabbos is not important enough to us, then Hakadosh Baruch Hu will take away Shabbos from us. If limud haTorah is not valuable enough in our eyes, then a decree is made that takes it away from us, and so on with each of the gezeiros.
How did the salvation come about? We resolved to go and fight for our ideals. We want to keep Shabbos! We want to learn Torah! We want to do all these mitzvos, and itโs so important to us that weโre prepared to give our lives for them. And once we value the mitzvos correctly, then Hakadosh Baruch Hu saves us.
The Gemara in Gittin tells that story of Chana and her seven sons, which took place around the time of the Chanukah miracle. Antiochus wanted the Yidden to worship avodah zarah, so he summoned Chana with her seven sons, and commanded the oldest to bow down to an idol. The boy responded, โIt says in our Torah, ืึธื ึนืึดื ื’ ืึฑืึนืงึถืืึธ โ we have only one Hakadosh Baruch Hu, and we canโt bow to avodah zarah.โ Antiochus threatened to execute him, but he remained adamant in his refusal, so he was killed. He then turned to the second son and said, โEither bow down to the idol or youโll suffer the same fate as your older brother.โ This boy answered, โIt says in our Torah, ืึนื ืึดืึฐืึถื ืึฐืึธ ืึฑืึนืึดืื ืึฒืึตืจึดืื, so I canโt bow down to avodah zarah no matter what.โ He, too, was killed, and the same happened to the next four brothers.
Finally, Antiochus called in the seventh son, and he told the little boy to bow down, but he refused. Determined to save face, and not be defeated by this little boy and his whole family, Antiochus urged him to merely bend down to pick up his ring. But the boy replied, โIt says in our Torah that Hashem told Klal Yisrael, ืึทื’ ืึถืึฑืึดืืจึฐืึธ ืึทืึผืึนื ืึดืึฐืืึนืช ืืึน ืึฐืขึทื ืกึฐืึปืึธึผื โ Hakadosh Baruch Hu chose you today to be His treasured nation. I canโt bow down to your avodah zarah.โ
Sadly, Antiochus had this youngest boy killed as well, whereupon a bas kol declared, โืึตื ืึทืึธึผื ึดืื ืฉึฐืืึตืึธื โ You, Chana, should be truly proud and happy that your seven sons were each moser nefesh for Hakadosh Baruch Hu.โ
The mefarshim wonder: why did the little boy need to invoke a new passuk? Why didnโt he answer, like his oldest brother, that the Torah says ืึธื ึนืึดื ื’ ืึฑืึนืงึถืืึธ, or like the second brother, ืึนื ืึดืึฐืึถื ืึฐืึธ ืึฑืึนืึดืื ืึฒืึตืจึดืื, or like the third brother, ืึนื ืชึดืฉึฐืืชึทึผืึฒืึถื ืึธืึถื?
The mefarshim explain that the answer lies in the next line of the Gemara, which asks how old this little boy was, and answers that he was only two-and-a-half years old. This boy had never gone to cheder or done any formal learning, and in all likelihood, he couldnโt even read. He certainly hadnโt learned the Aseres Hadibros, and wasnโt able to quote the pesukim his brothers quoted. What was he able to say? Only what had been inculcated into him already at this young age, from his home. His mother had managed to transmit to him the feeling of pride in being a Yid: ืึทื’ ืึถืึฑืึดืืจึฐืึธ ืึทืึผืึนื ืึดืึฐืืึนืช ืืึน ืึฐืขึทื ืกึฐืึปืึธึผื. This boy had imbibed at home the incredible value of being part of the Jewish people, and preferred to give up his life rather than lose that status. This is what gave him the courage โ at an age when he couldnโt yet understand ืึธื ึนืึดื andืึนื ืึดืึฐืึถื ย โ to be moser nefesh to be part of the am segulah.
The Right Kind of Pride
This is exactly the message of what Chanukah is all about. What was lacking before the nes of Chanukah was an appreciation of the zechus of being Hashemโs chosen nation and being chosen to do his mitzvos. Chana managed to teach her children to value what it means to be a Yid, and this mesirus nefesh propelled the Yidden to triumph over the Yevanim.
In Tehillim, Dovid Hamelech appeals to Hakadosh Baruch Hu, ืขืึผืจึธื ืึฐืืึนืึดื ืขืึผืจึธื โ inspire within me my feeling of pride. The Midrash notes that gaavah is a terrible trait, so why would Dovid ask Hakadosh Baruch Hu to instill within him a feeling of pride? The Midrash answers that Dovid Hamelech foresaw the generation of Yavan and its decrees against Shabbos, bris milah, and Rosh Chodesh, as well as the decree to worship idols. All of these mitzvos elevate us above the nations and manifest the feeling of Jewish pride. Only Yidden perform bris milah, only Yidden learn Torah. The purpose of these decrees was to defeat Klal Yisraelโs pride in being part of the am segulah, and Dovid Hamelech therefore appealed to Hakadosh Baruch Hu and said, ืขืึผืจึธื ืึฐืืึนืึดื โ instill within us such an incredible pride in being part of Hashemโs chosen nation that we shouldnโt give in to the decrees of Antiochus.
How did Hakadosh Baruch Hu respond to Dovidโs appeal? He said (Zechariah 9:13), ืึฐืขืึนืจึทืจึฐืชึดึผื ืึธื ึทืึดืึฐ ืฆึดืึผืึนื ืขึทืึพืึธึผื ึทืึดืึฐ ืึธืึธื โ I will inspire your children, Zion, and give them pride that is greater than Yavanโs pride in what they represent.
Pride, says the Orchos Tzaddikim, is generally not a good thing; it brings downfall in its wake, and leads to terrible repercussions. But pride in being a Yid, he notes, is different; thatโs good pride, and thatโs to be encouraged.
We emphasize in Al Hanissim that the Yevanim arose ืขึทืึพืขึทืึผึฐึืึธ ืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตื โ against Your nation. Their opposition was to the fact that we consider ourselves more important than the rest of creation, because we represent Hakadosh Baruch Hu in this world. The fight was against ืขึทืึผึฐึืึธ ืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตื, and the question to us at that time became: Are we Hashemโs nation, or are we the same as everybody else in the world?
In Maoz Tzur we sing: ืึผืึดื ึผืึนืชึทืจ ืงึทื ึฐืงึทื ึดึผืื ื ึทืขึฒืฉึธืื ื ึตืก ืึทืฉึผืืึนืฉึทืื ึดึผืื. We Yidden are roses โ ืึฐึผืฉืืึนืฉึทืื ึธึผื ืึตึผืื ืึทืืึนืึดืื, and when we appreciate that we are shoshanim, no matter how many thorns and thistles surround us, and we recognize our incredible importance and feel the pride of being a Yid, thatโs when a miracle is performed for us. Only if we consider ourselves roses will there be a ื ึทืขึฒืฉึธืื ื ึตืก ืึทืฉึผืืึนืฉึทืื ึดึผืื.
The World Revolves Around Us
Yidden around the world play dreidel on Chanukah, and there are various explanations as to why this game, in particular, became the game that is associated with Chanukah. Many mefarshim explain that the dreidel has a center point around which it revolves, symbolizing that the Yidden are the center of the universe, and everything else in the world revolves around us. Hakadosh Baruch Hu says, ืึทืฆึตึผื ืึฐึผืึปืึนืช ืขึทืึดึผืื ืึฐืึดืกึฐืคึทึผืจ ืึฐึผื ึตื ืึดืฉึฐืืจึธืึตื โ itโs all for us; we are the focus of the universe and the purpose of Hashem โs entire creation. This is what we sacrificed for at the time of the nes of Chanukah.
Antiochus wanted to destroy our Jewish pride, turning us into a nation like any other. โLearn from us,โ he urged us, โand weโll learn from you. Weโll all be the same.โ But we donโt want to be the same as all the nations. We want our pride to be stirred: ืึฐืขืึนืจึทืจึฐืชึดึผื ืึธื ึทืึดืึฐ ืฆึดืึผืึนื ืขึทืึพืึธึผื ึทืึดืึฐ ืึธืึธื. We are different!
The Mishnah states that when Antiochus conquered Har Habayis, he made thirteen breaches in the wall, as we say, ืืคืจืฆื ืืืืืช ืืืืื. Why did he do this? It was because he didnโt want the Yidden to feel different and separate from the rest of the world. Immediately after we were miraculously saved from Yavan, we rebuilt the wall and closed up all those breaches. What weโre celebrating on Chanukah is that we appreciate the value of our mitzvos, and we realize what it means that weโre the am segulah โ and that is what brings nissim.
May Hakadosh Baruch Hu bless us that each and every one of us, and all of our children, should emerge from Chanukah having imbibed and inculcated into our DNA this feeling of pride and happiness that we are the am segulah, that Hakadosh Baruch Hu chose us. And may we see the fulfillment of ืึฒืฉืืึนืฃ ืึฐืจืึนืขึท ืงึธืึฐืฉึถืืึธ ืึฐืงึธืจึตื ืงึตืฅ ืึทืึฐืฉืืึผืขึธื speedily in our days.