DevarimVayelech

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•

Maran Hamashgiach Hagaon Harav Yeruchem Levovitz, ztโ€l

ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื“ ื”’ ืืœืงื™ืš ื›ื™ ื›ืฉืœืช ื‘ืขื•ื ืš (ื”ืคื˜ืจื”)
ืืžืจ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืจื•ื—ื ืœื™ื•ื•ืื•ื™ืฅ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื”: ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื“ืข ื”ืื“ื “ื›ื™ ื›ืฉืœืช ื‘ืขื•ื ืš”, ืฉื™ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื ืคืฉื• ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื›ืœ ื›ื•ืœื• ื ื›ืฉืœ ืžื”ื—ื˜ื, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืื“ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื•ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื˜ื, ื‘ื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉื”ืื“ื ืžื›ื™ืจ ืžื”ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื˜ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื ื• ืžืงื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื, ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ื”ืงืœืœื” ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืฉ ืขืœ ื’ื•ืคื• ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื’ืฃ ืžื”ื—ื˜ื – ื‘ื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ื•ื ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื”.

ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืื“ ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืชื™ื›ืฃ ื‘ื—ื˜ื ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ืจื•ื ื• ื•ืžืจื™ืจื•ืชื•,

ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืจืข ื”ื ื•ืจืื™ ื”ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื•, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื™ื—ืœืฅ ืžืžื ื•, ืžื—ื˜ื ื›ืœ ื“ื”ื• ื”ื™ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื—ื‘ื•ืœื™ื “ืžื›ืฃ ืจื’ืœ ื•ืขื“ ืจืืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืžืชื•ื”, ืžื•ื›ื™ื ื•ืคืฆื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืื‘ืจื™ื”ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื”.

ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืื“ื ื—ื™ ื‘ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืฉืœ “ื›ืฉืœืช”, ื›ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ื—ืฉ ื‘ืžื”ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื˜ื ื•ื”ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ื•ื”ืื‘ื“ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืจื ื”ื˜ืžื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื•, ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ื”ื‘ ืจืข ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื”ื•ืชื•, ื•ื›ืœ ืžื–ื™ืžื•ืชื™ื• ืชืคื•ืกื™ื ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืื•ื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื•ื‘ืžื” ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ื—ื˜ื, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื–ื” ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”? ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ืœื“ืื•ื’ ื•ืœื“ืื•ื‘ ื‘ื ืคืฉื• ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื˜ื, ื•ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื“ืื’ ื•ื™ืกื‘ื•ืœ

ืžืžื ื•, ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉื”ื—ื˜ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ืžืจืจ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ื•ื™ื—ืฉื™ืš ืืช ืขื•ืœืžื• ื‘ืขื“ื•, ื‘ื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื ืชืง ืžืžื ื• ืืช ืžื•ืกืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื•ืŸ, ื•ื™ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชื ืขืจ ืžื›ื‘ืœื™ื• ืขื“ ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”.

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื

Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Aryeh Finkel, ztโ€l

ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืืจื™ื” ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื”

ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืืจื™ื” ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื” ืฉื™ืžืฉ ื›ืฉ”ืฅ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืกืคื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื ื•ืจืื™ื. ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืชื• ื•ื™ืจืืชื• ืžื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื—ืฉ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืฉื ืขืœ ื›ืชืคื™ื• ืœืงืจืืช ื’ืฉืชื• ื›ืฉืœื™ื— ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.

ื‘ืื—ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื, ื‘ื‘ืงืจื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•”ื›, ื›ืฉืขื” ืœืคื ื™ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืฉื—ืจื™ืช, ืจืื” ืื—ื“ ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืžืชื”ืœืš ื‘ื—ื“ืจื• ื‘ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื›ืฉื“ืžืขื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•. ื›ืฉืจืื” ืื•ืชื• ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืืžืจ ื‘ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช “ืื ื• ืžืœืื™ ืขื•ื•ืŸ ื•ืืชื” ืžืœื ืจื—ืžื™ื” – “ืื ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืงื˜ืŸ, ืžืœืื™ ืขื•ื•ืŸ. ืืš ืœืงื‘”ื” ื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ, ืžืœื•ื ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื›ืœืœ, ื•ื›ืœ ื›ื•ืœื• ืžืœื ืจื—ืžื™ื ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ื™ื”. ื›ืš ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ืคืจืฅ ื‘ื‘ื›ื™.

**

ืœืฉื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื–ืฆ”ืœ ื›ืฉืขืžื“ ืœื’ืฉืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื”.

ื‘ืื—ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื, ืœืคื ื™ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžื•ืกืฃ, ื ืจืื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืขื ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฆืขื™ืจ, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœื• ื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื’ืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื”. ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืคืœื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ื“ืจ”ื› ื‘ืจื’ืขื™ื ืืœื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื’ืฉ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืฉืจื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื” ื•ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืคืจื™ืข ืœื• ื›ืœืœ ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืขื ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฆืขื™ืจ?!

ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืงื”ืœ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืจืžื– ืœืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœื• ืžืžืชื™ืŸ, ืืš ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืขืฉื” ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš. ืœืื—ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืžื” ื ืจืื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืžืชื ืฆืœ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืืžืจื• “ืกืœื™ื—ื”, ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื—ื›ื” ืœื™, ื ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื””. ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœื ื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ืœื ื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉ”ืฅ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžื•ืกืฃ. ืœืื—ืจ ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ื™ื’ืฉ ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืœืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื• ืงื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“, ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืชื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื’ืฉืชื• ื›ืฉ”ืฅ, ืขื ื” ืœื• ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืื•ืจ ืคื ื™ื ื•ื”ืชืคืชื—ื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืฉื™ื—ื” ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“. ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืื ื™ืขืฆื•ืจ ืืชย  ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœื• ืžืชืขื›ื‘ ื‘ื’ืœืœื• ื™ืชื‘ื™ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ, ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืžืขื˜ ื•ืื—”ื› ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฆืืช ื›ื™ “ืžื™ืฉื”ื•” ืžื—ื›ื” ืœื•.

ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืœื›ื”

Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shpitzer Shlita

ื•ื™ืœืš

ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ืœืชื™ื ื•ืง ื‘ื™ื•”ื›

ืข’ ื™ื•ืžื ืข”ื— ืข”ื‘ ื“ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืื›ืœ ื•ืžืฉืงื” ืžืชื™ื ื•ืง ื‘ื™ื•”ื› ื•ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืฉืœื ื™ืœื‘ืฉ ืกื ื“ืœ, ื•ืืžืจื• ื›ื™ ืื›ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจื‘ื™ืชื™ื™ื”ื• ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื• ืžืฉื”ื› ืกื ื“ืœ.

ื•ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื’ื™ืœ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืฉืœื ื™ืœื‘ืฉ ืกื ื“ืœ. ื•ืข’ ืฉื‘ื””ืœ ื—”ื– ืจื™”ื— ื“ืก”ืœ ื“ืืกื•ืจ ืžื‘ืŸ ืฉืœืฉ, ื•ืœื ื›ืžืงื™ืœื™ื ืขื“ ื‘ืŸ ืฉืฉ. (ื•ืงืฆืช ืžืฉืžืข ื“ื ื—ืœืงื• ืื™ ื”ื•ื™ ื›ืžื• ืœ”ืช ื“ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื• ื‘ื‘ืŸ ื’’ ืื• ื›ืขืฉื” ื“ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื• ื‘ื‘ืŸ ื•’ ื•ืฆ”ืข).

ื•ืข’ ืงื•ื ’ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ืžื‘ืขืœ ืฉืฉ”ื› ืกืงืงืฆ”ื” ื‘ืฉื ื”ื’ืจืฉ”ื– ืœื”ืงืœ ืื ืžื–ื’ ืื•ื™ืจ ื”ื•ื ืงืจื™ืจ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื ืขืœื™ ืขื•ืจ, ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืขื ื•ื™ ืœืงื˜ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ ื›ืžื• ืื›ื™ืœื”. ื•ืข’ ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื” ื”’ ื™”ื˜.

ื•ืข’ ื™ืคื” ืœืœื‘ ื—”ื’ ืงื•”ื ืชืจื˜”ื– ืฉืชืžื” ืฉืžืงื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื ืขืœ ืœืงื˜ืŸ ืžืขืœ ื’ื™ืœ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ื•ืข’ ื–ืจืข ืืžืช ืกื•ืฃ ื—”ื’ ื“ืฃ ืฆ”ื‘ ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื“ื™ืจื“ื” ื—ื•ืœืฉื” ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืงื˜ื ื™ื ืงืฆืช ืฆื•ืจืš.

ื•ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืžืงื•ืจ ืœืืกื•ืจ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืœ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžืฉื•ื ืกืคื™ื ืŸ, ื“ืœื ื“ืŸ ื”ื’ืž’ ืžืฉื•ื ืกืคื™ื ืŸ, ืืš ืžืื™ื“ืš ืœื ืืžืจื• ื˜ืขื ืืžืื™ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืกืคื™ื ืŸ.

ื•ืœื›ื’ ืœืคืจ”ื— ื“ืžืฉื•ื ืจื‘ื™ืชื™ื™ื”ื• ืื™ืŸ ืกืคื™ื ืŸ ื”ื› ื‘ืกื ื“ืœ ื™ืฉ ืกืคื™ื ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ

ื•ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ื–ื” ื›ืžื” ื˜ืขืžื™ื, ื“ื”ืจ”ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ื•ืข’ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืขืฉื”, ื•ืข’ ื—ื›ืžืช ืฉืœืžื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื™ื•”ื› ืžืฉื•ื ื™ืชื•ื‘ื™ ื“ืขืชื, ื•ืงื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื“ืขืช, ื•ืข’ ื—ืœืงืช ื™ื•ืื‘ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืœื›ืคืจ ื•ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืงื˜ืŸ.

ืื›ืŸ ื”ืคืจ”ื— ื›ืชื‘ ื“ื‘ื™ื•”ื› ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืกืคื™ื ืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืื›ืœ ื‘ื™ื•”ื› ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจื‘ื™ืชื™ื™ื”ื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืชื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืกืคื™ื ืŸ. ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ืกื ื“ืœ ื“ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืจื‘ื™ืชื™ื™ื”ื• ื™ื”ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืกืคื™ื ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืžื•.

ื•ืข’ ืžื—ื–”ื ืกื™’ ืค”ื’ ื•ืค”ื“ ื“ืก”ืœ ื“ื’ื ืœืจ”ืŸ ื•ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืงื™ืœื•, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจืง ื›ืœืคื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืฉืœ ืกืคื™ื ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืื›ืชื™ ืืกื•ืจ ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš.

ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืืœื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืกื•ื“ ื”ืฆืžืฆื•ื

Moreinu Hagaon Harav Nachman Levovitz Shlita

“ื•ืขืฉื• ืœื™ ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ืฉื›ื ืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื”, ื—) ื•ืืžืจื• ื–”ืœ (ื‘ืžื“”ืจ ื™ื‘, ื’) ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืœืžืฉื” ื•ืขืฉื• ืœื™ ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ืฉื›ื ืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ืืžืจ ืžืฉื” ืžื™ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืงื“ืฉ ืฉื™ืฉืจื” ืฉื›ื™ื ืชื• ื‘ืชื•ื›ื•, ื”ืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืฉืžื™ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ืœื›ืœื•ืš ื”ืœ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืื™ื ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœืคื™ ื›ื•ื—ื™ ืืœื ืœืคื™ ื›ื•ื—ืŸ ื•ื›ื•’ ื›’ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ื›’ ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื•ื—’ ื‘ืžืขืจื‘.

ื”ื ื” ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืฆืžืฆื•ื, ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฆืžืฆื ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ. ื•ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ื–ืืช ืชืžื” ืžืฉืจืข”ื” ื”ื™ืืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”. ืื•ืœื ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืœื• ืฉื”ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื™ื ืžืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื™ืช’ ื•ืื™ื ื” ืœืคื™ ื”ืฉื’ืช ื‘ื ”ื, ืืœื ืืชื” ื‘ืกืžืžื ื™ืš ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื™ (ืฉืžื•”ืจ ืœื’, ื).

ื•ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื‘ืžื ื”ื’ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื“ื, ืื‘ืœ ืืฆืœ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื™ื™ื ืžืงื•ื“ื ื ืฆืžืฆื ื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ืžืฉื›ืŸ ื•ืœื ื—ืกืจ ื‘ื• ื›ืœื•ื, ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฉื’ื” ืœื‘ื ”ื, ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื• ื™ืช’ ืœืฆืžืฆื ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื—ืกืจ ื›ืœื•ื ื‘ืฆืžืฆื•ื.

ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื–”ืœ (ืฉืžื•”ืจ ืœื’, ื“) ืขื””ืค “ืœืš ื”’ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื›ื•’ ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื‘ืืจืฅ”, ืืชื” ืžื•ืฆื ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ืจื ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ื‘ืจื ืœืžื˜ืŸ ื•ื›ื•’ ืœืžืขืœื” ืฉืจืคื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืžืžืขืœ ืœื•, ืœืžื˜ื” ืขืฆื™ ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื•ื›ื•’, ื•ืœื ืขื•ื“ ืืœื ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืœืžื˜ืŸ ืžืฉืœ ืœืžืขืœืŸ, ืชื“ืข ืœืš ืฉื”ื ื™ื— ืžื” ืฉืœืžืขืœืŸ ื•ื™ืจื“ ืœืžื˜ืŸ ืฉื ื’ ื•ืขืฉื• ืœื™ ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ืฉื›ื ืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื, ื”ื•ื™ ื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื‘ืืจืฅ.

ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ืืžืจื• ื–”ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื”ืืจื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืžืŸ ื”ืžื™ื“ื”. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆืžืฆื•ื ืื™ื ื” ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื“ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขืฉื™ื”, ืžื™ื“ืช ืืจื›ื• ื•ืžื™ื“ืช ืจื—ื‘ื•, ืฉืจืง ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื ืžื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืืชื” ื‘ืกืžืžื ื™ืš, ืื‘ืœ ืœืขื•ืœื ืื ื™ ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื™, ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืžืฉืจื” ืฉื›ื™ื ืชื• ืœืคื™ ืžื™ื“ืชื• ืฉืื™ื ื” ืœืคื™ ื”ืฉื’ืช ื‘ื ”ื, ื•ืœื›ืš ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆืžืฆื•ื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืฉืžืงื•ื ื”ืืจื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื” ืœืคื™ ืžื™ื“ืช ื‘ื ”ื.

ื•ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ื–”ืœ (ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื‘:) ืฉืงืจืื• ืœื ืจ ืžืขืจื‘ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื “ืขื“ื•ืช” ืœื›ืœ ื‘ืื™ ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื” ืฉืžืŸ ื›ืžื™ื“ืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื™ื” ื•ืžืžื ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ืœื™ืง ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื.

ืขื“ื•ืช ืžื”ื•ืชื” ื•ืขื ื™ื ื”, ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื’ืžื•ืจ ื•ืžื•ื—ืœื˜, ื ืจ ืžืขืจื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื” ืœืคื™ ืžื™ื“ืช ื‘ื ”ื, ืืœื ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืขืฆืžื”, ืื•ืชื” ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืฉื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืฉืžื™ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ืœื›ืœื•ืš, ื ืฆืžืฆืžื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ, ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื‘ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืœื ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืขืฉื” ืืœื ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื›ื™ื ื”, ื•ื–ื”ื• ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืœื™ ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆืžืฆื•ื.

ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืœื ื• ืื“ื–ืžื•”ืจ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ืืช ืžืขืœืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื ืฉื’ื‘ื™ื ื™ืžื™ ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช, ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ืœื™ืžื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืžืื– ืฉืขืœื” ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืข”ื” ืœืžืจื•ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืกืœื™ื—ื” ื•ื›ืคืจื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืขื“ ื’ืžืจ ื”ื›ืคืจื” ืฉื”ืœ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืกืœื—ืชื™ ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ืš. ื•ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื• ื”ืจื™ ื”ื ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ืœื™ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ืฉื‘ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื• ื›ื‘ื ื™ ืžืจื•ืŸ ื•ื“ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื” ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื—ื™ื™ื•.

ื›ื— ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื”ืจื™”ื– ืžืกื•ื“ ื”ืฆืžืฆื•ื, ืฉื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื ื™ืžื™ ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื. ืขื™ืงืจ ืกื’ื•ืœืช ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื• ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื•ืชื ื•ืžืžื”ื•ืชื ืžืขื ื™ืŸ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ืœื›ืš ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื• ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืžืขืœื” ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืขื“ ืœืžืื“.

ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื–”ืœ (ืื‘ื•ืช ื“, ื˜ื–) ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืคืจื•ื–ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื, ื”ืชืงืŸ ืขืฆืžืš ื‘ืคืจื•ื–ื“ื•ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื›ื ืก ืœื˜ืจืงืœื™ืŸ. ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื•ื–ื“ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื˜ืจืงืœื™ืŸ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื–ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื˜ืจืงืœื™ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื™ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื. ืคืจื•ื–ื“ื•ืจ ื•ื˜ืจืงืœื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื”ื, ื•ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื–ื”ื• ืจืง ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆืžืฆื•ื, ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื˜ืจืงืœื™ืŸ ื ืฆืžืฆื ื‘ืคืจื•ื–ื“ื•ืจ. ื•ื‘ื–ืืช ืžืชื™ื™ื—ื“ื™ื ื™ืžื™ ื”ืืœื•ืœ ืฉื”ื ื™ืžื™ ื”ืชืงืŸ ืขืฆืžืš ื‘ืคืจื•ื–ื“ื•ืจ.

ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืฉื–ื”ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื” ืžืฆื•ื”, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื–”ืœ (ืื‘ื•ืช ื“, ื‘) ื”ื•ื™ ืจืฅ ืœืžืฆื•ื” ืงืœื” ื›ื‘ื—ืžื•ืจื”, ื•ื‘ื•ืจื— ืžืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืžืฆื•ื” ื’ื•ืจืจืช ืžืฆื•ื” ื•ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื’ื•ืจืจืช ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืฉื›ืจ ืžืฆื•ื” ืžืฆื•ื” ื•ืฉื›ืจ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืขื‘ื™ืจื”. ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื™ “ืจืฅ” ืœืžืฆื•ื”, ื”ืจื™ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื”ื›ื ื”, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื ืงื‘ืข ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉื›ืจ ืชื•ืœื“ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื”, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื”ย  ืœืฆืืช ืžื›ื— ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืฉืขืฉื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืขื™ืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื”.

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื™ืœ ืื“ื–ืžื•”ืจ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ืœื›ื— ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื™, ืฉื”ืœื ื›ืืฉืจ ืจื•ืื™ื ืื ื• ืขืฅ ืฉืžืฆืžื™ื— ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ื“ืื™ ื”ื›ืœ ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืื•ืชื• ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ืฉื–ืจืขื• ื‘ืื“ืžื” ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื•ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื›ื— ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื–ืจื™ืขืชื•. ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื“ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ืžืื•ืชื” ืžืฆื•ื”, ืฉื›ืจ ืžืฆื•ื” ืžืฆื•ื”, ื›ื‘ืจ ื˜ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืžืฆื•ื”, ื‘ืจื™ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื•ื”, ืฉื›ืคื™ ื›ื— ื”ื›ื ืชื•, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื–ืจื™ืขื”, ื›ืš ืงื™ื™ื ื”ื›ื— ื‘ืžืฆื•ื” ืฉื™ื”ื ื‘ื” ื›ื— ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื ืขืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉื”ืœื ืฉื›ืจ ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ืžื’ืขืช ืžื—ืžืช ืžืฆื•ืชื•. ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืื“ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื” ืžืฆื•ื” ืฉื–ื”ื• ื–ื›ื•ืชื• ื•ืžืขืœืชื•, ืืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืœ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ื— ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื›ืžื• ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื”ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืฆืžื•ื— ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื• ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืš ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื” ืงืœื” ืœืžืฆื•ื” ื—ืžื•ืจื”, ืฉื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืœื“ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื”, ื•ื–ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืฆื” ืœืžืฆื•ื”, ื‘ื›ื— ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืžืฆื•ื” ืฉื‘ื›ืš ื™ืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ื›ื— ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื”. ื–ื”ื• ืกื•ื“ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื›ื ื”, ืฉืžื™ ืฉื–ื•ื›ื” ืข”ื™ ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื‘ื”ื›ื ื”, ื›ื‘ืจ ื–ื›ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ.

ื•ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืชืคื™ืœื” ืืžืจื• ื–”ืœย  (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื.) ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ืžื“ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืœื ืžืชื•ืš ืขืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ืœื ืžืชื•ืš ืขืฆืœื•ืช ื•ืœื ืžืชื•ืš ืฉื—ื•ืง ื•ืœื ืžืชื•ืš ืงืœื•ืช ืจืืฉ ื•ืœื ืžืชื•ืš ืฉื™ื—ื” ื•ืœื ืžืชื•ืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ืืœื ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืžื—ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื”. ื•ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ื˜ืขื ืžื—ืžืช ื”ื™ื•ืชื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื˜ืจื™ื“ื™ื ืืช ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื•. ืืœื ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื— ื”ืื“ื ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื›ื’ื‘ืจ ื—ืœืฆื™ื• ื•ืœื”ืชืืžืฅ ื‘ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื• ืœื”ืขืžื™ืง ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื• ื‘ื”ื›ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืžืœืš ืžืœื›ื™ ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื, ื•ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื˜ืจื™ื“ื™ื ืืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื•, ื•ื‘ื–ืืช ืชืชืงื™ื™ื ืชืคื™ืœืชื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ืขืœื”. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ืš ื”ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืขืœื” ืฉื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืชื”ื ืกืžื•ื›ื” ืœืฉืžื—ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื”, ืฉื‘ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื›ื— ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉืชืคื™ืœืชื• ืชื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืžืชื•ืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœื™ื, ืื–ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ื™ืฆืžื™ื—ื• ื›ื— ื”ืคื•ื’ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืชื•. ืื‘ืœ ืœืฉืžื—ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื” ื™ืฉ ื›ื— ืขืฆื•ื, ื›ื— ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ื–ืืช ืชืชืขืœื” ืชืคื™ืœืชื• ืขื“ ืœืžืื“. ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื— ื”ื–ืจื™ืขื” ื•ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื”, ืฉืœืคื™ ื›ื— ื–ืจื™ืขืชื• ื›ืš ืชืชืงื™ื™ื ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืœื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื.

ื•ื–ื”ื• ื“ื›ืชื™’ ื”ืื“ื ื›ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืขืฅ ื”ืฉื“ื” (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›, ื™ื˜) ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ืจื™ื”ื• ื›ืขืฅ ื”ืฉื“ื”, ืฉื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื–ืจื™ืขื”, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื–ืจื™ืขื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ืขืœื”, ื›ืš ื™ืชื”ื•ื• ื”ืฉืจืฉื™ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื•ืขืžื•ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื™ืฆืื• ืžื”ื ืื™ืœื ื•ืช ื•ืขื ืคื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื”ื›ืœ ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ื•ืžืชื”ื•ื•ื” ืžื›ื— ื”ื–ืจื™ืขื”, ื•ื‘ื–ืืช ื’ื“ืœื” ื›ื— ื”ื”ื›ื ื”, ืฉื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื–ื•ืจืข ืืช ื”ื–ืจืขื™ื, ื•ืขื™”ื– ืชืชื”ื•ื•ื” ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืžืขื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื•ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ (ืค’ ื•ื™ืฉืœื—) ืขื””ืค ืงื˜ื•ื ืชื™ ืžื›ืœ ื”ื—ืกื“ื™ื ื›’ ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืœืื“ื ืฉื™ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืชื• ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืคื—ื™ืชื•ืชื• ื•ืื“ื ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื•ืŸ ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืืœื™ื•, ื•ืฉื™ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื—ืกื“ื™ ื”ืฉื™”ืช ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ืขืœื™ื•, ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉืืžืจ ื“ื•ื“ ืข”ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ืชื™ ื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ืš (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื˜ื–) ื™ืืžืจ ืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืื ื™ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืฉื™”ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืื“ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ื“ ืœื ื‘ื—ื™ื•ื‘, ืจืง ื‘ื—ืกื“ ื’ืžื•ืจ, ื–ื”ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ืชื™ ื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ืš ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืื™ื ื ื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืฉืชื”ื ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœื™ืš, ื•ืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉืืœ ืฆืจื›ื™ื•.

ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื”ื›ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื ืฆืจื›ืช ืœืชืคื™ืœื”, ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื•ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื™ืช’, ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื–ืจื™ืขื” ืœืชืคื™ืœื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืขืžื“ืช ืืช ื›ื— ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืฉื›ืคื™ ื›ื— ื”ื–ืจื™ืขื”, ื›ืš ื™ืชื”ื•ื• ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื–”ืœ (ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืž:) ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืžืขืฉื”, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื• ืข”ื“ ื›ื— ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื™ ืžื”ืื™ืœืŸ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ืจื•ืื™ื ืื ื• ืœืคื ื™ื ื• ืื™ืœืŸ ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ืœืคื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื ”ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืคืจื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืื™ืœืŸ. ืืžื ื ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืื™ืœืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืคืจื™, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื ื—ืกืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื” ื‘ืื™ืœืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื™ ืœื™ื’ื“ืœ ื›ืœืœ. ื•ื”ื› ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื”ืคืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืื™ืœืŸ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืื™ืœืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืคืจื™, ืž”ืž ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืื™ืœืŸ, ื•ื”ืจื™ื”ื• “ื’ื“ื•ืœ” ืžื”ืคืจื™ ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ. ื•ืœื›ืš ืืžืจื• ื–”ืœ “ื’ื“ื•ืœ” ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืžืฆื•ื” ื˜ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื”, ื•ื›ืœ ืคื’ื ื‘ื• ื”ืจื™”ื– ืžื‘ื™ื ืคื’ื ื‘ืชื•ืฆืื”, ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืฉื) ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ื•ืœื, ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืคื’ื ื‘ื”ื›ื ื” ื”ืจื™ื”ื• ื—ืžื•ืจ ื›”ื› ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ื’ื•ืจื ืœื›ืœ ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื’ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืœืงืœื™ื.

ื‘ื–ืืช ื’ื“ืœื” ืžืขืœืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื ืฉื’ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืืœื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื “ื™ืžื™ ื”ื›ื ื”” ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ื•ื””ื›. ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื›ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื• ืœืชืžืœื™ื›ื•ื ื™ ืขืœื™ื›ื, ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืžืœื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจ”ื”, ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืชื• ื™ืช’. ื•ื—ื™ื“ืฉ ืื“ื–ืžื•”ืจ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ืฉื‘ื›ืš ื’ื“ืœื” ื–ื›ื™ื™ืชื• ืฉืื ื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืื– ื›ื‘ืจ ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืžืขืœืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืขืฆืžื, ืฉื–ื”ื• ืกื’ื•ืœืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ืžืกื•ื“ ื”ืฆืžืฆื•ื, ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื›ื ื”, ื”ืชืงืŸ ืขืฆืžืš ื‘ืคืจื•ื–ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื›ื ืก ืœื˜ืจืงืœื™ืŸ.

ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื ืฆืœ ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ืงื˜ ืžื™ืžื™ื ื ืฉื’ื‘ื™ื ืืœื•. ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืจื’ืข ืฉื ื—ืกืจ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืฉื”ืงื‘”ื” ื ืชืŸ ืž’ ื™ื•ื, ืœื ืœ”ื˜ ื™ื•ื ื•ื’ื ืœื ืž”ื ื™ื•ื, ื’ื ืœืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื•ื’ื ืœืจืฉืขื™ื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉื•ื•ื”, ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืจืฉืขื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื™ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืชืžืœื™ื›ื•ื ื™ ืขืœื™ื›ื. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ืš ืฉืื™ืŸ ื ืžื“ื“ ืœืคื™ ื”ืกืคืง ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื‘ื”ื›ื ื” ืœื™ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ืืœื ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื ื™ืžื™ ืจื—ืžื™ื, ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืขืฆืžื, ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ื ืงื‘ืขื” ืžื—ืžืช ืฉื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžืฉืจืข”ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื”ื› ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ื™ืงืจ ื•ืœื ืฆืœ ืขื“ ืœืžืื•ื“.

ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื“ื–ืžื•”ืจ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ืฉื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื‘ืžืขื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืจืคื ืจืื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ืขื ื—ืคืฆื™ื”ื, ื•ืจืฆื™ื ืžื™ื“ ืœืžืขื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื”ืœื›ื• ืœืื›ืกื ื™ื” ืœื”ื ื™ื— ื—ืคืฆื™ื”ื, ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืจืฆื• ืœื ืฆืœ ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ืœืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื’ืขืชื ืœืžืงื•ื ื–ื” ื‘ืจื—ื™ืฆื” ื‘ืžืขื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืจืคื. ื›ืš ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืืœื•ืœ ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ื•ืจื’ืข ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื–ืจื™ืข ื•ืœื”ืฆืžื™ื— ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื• ื›ื•ื—ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืืจ ื™ืžื™ื, ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื• ืœื’ื“ืœ ืืช ื”ืขืฅ, ื•ืื–ื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ื’ืžืจ ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžื—ืžืช ื›ื— ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉืงื™ื™ื ืžื›ื‘ืจ. ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื–ื•ื›ื” ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื”ื›ื ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื• ืœื”ืžืœื™ืš ืืช ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื‘ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืื–ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื–ื›ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืœื” ืฉืœ ืจ”ื” ื•ื™ื•ื””ื›, ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื›ื ื” ื ื’ืžืจ ื”ื›ืœ, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื–ืจื™ืขื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืชื” ืื–ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช

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Harav Hagaon Shmuel Friedman Shlita

The Unique Power of Shabbos Shuvah

Parshas Vayelech/Shabbos Shuvah

Harav Hagaon Shmuel Friedman shlita

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We are now in Aseres Yemei Teshuvah, the special days that, Chazal tell us, are a more auspicious time for us to come close to the Ribbono Shel Olam and do teshuvah. The Shabbos in Aseres Yemei Teshuvah has a special name, Shabbos Shuvah, which is based on the haftarah that we read: ืฉืื•ึผื‘ึธื” ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืขึทื“ ื”โ€™ ืึฑืœึนืงึถื™ืšึธ. Chazal instituted that we should read this haftarah on the Shabbos between Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur.

Now, we have to understand: What is the significance of this Shabbos: Is it just another day in Aseres Yemei Teshuvah? Just as thereโ€™s Sunday, thereโ€™s Monday, and thereโ€™s Tuesday, thereโ€™s also Shabbos in Aseres Yemei Teshuvah? It seems that the Shabbos of Aseres Yemei Teshuvah has more of a chashivus than the other days, to the extent that the Magen Avraham brings down from the Maharil that the minhag is to give a drashah specifically on Shabbos Shuvah (and Shabbos Hagadol). What is this special inyan of Shabbos Shuvah that has a maalah over the other days of Aseres Yemei Teshuvah?

The Yaaros Dvash (1), cites from kadmonim and mekubalim that the seven days between Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur hold the potential for us to repair our actions of all the corresponding days of the previous year. On Sunday of Aseres Yemei Teshuvah, we can fix all that we didnโ€™t do properly on all the Sundays of the year, and so on.ย  Thatโ€™s the opportunity of Aseres Yemei Teshuvah.

We know that Shabbos has a higher chashivus than all the other days of the week. The Ben Ish Chai (among others) cites from mekubalim than a deed done on Shabbos could be worth even a thousand times more than a similar deed during the week. For example, one minute of limud haTorah on Shabbos is worth perhaps a thousand minutes of learning during the week. Since everything doneon Shabbos has more significance, teshuvah a person does on Shabbos is on a higher level. Thatโ€™s besides the fact that on this Shabbos heโ€™s being mesaken anything he didnโ€™t do properly on all the Shabbosos of the year, and the day of Shabbos has more halachos that we need to be careful with than the other days of the week. The teshuvah of Shabbos could be a thousand times more powerful than the teshuvah of the rest of the week.

The First Shabbos of Teshuvah

The Tiferes Shlomo offers a beautiful insight that can help us better understand the teshuvah of Shabbos Shuvah. Adam HaRishon was created on the sixth day of Creation, which was the day of Rosh Hashanah. During the tenth hour of that day, he sinned with the Eitz HaDaas, after which he started doing teshuvah, and in the twelfth hour, which is when Shabbos came in, ื™ึธืฆึธื ื‘ึผึฐื“ึดื™ืžื•ึผืก โ€” he was forgiven.

The Tiferes Shlomo explains that the first Shabbos of Creation was a Shabbos of teshuvah. The first time anyone ever did teshuvah was on Shabbos. Everything we are able to do stems from the koach of Adam Harishon, which is the root of all of our abilities. Adamโ€™s actions impact us; his cheit influences us, and so does his teshuvah.

Once we know that Adam did teshuvah on Shabbos, we can understand what is so special about the first Shabbos after Rosh Hashanah, and why itโ€™s mesugal for teshuvah. The root of teshuvah began on the first Shabbos of Creation, says the Tiferes Shlomo, and that gives rise to the power of Shabbos Shuvah until today.

Adam Harishon Marvels

Two Midrashim highlight the connection between Shabbos, Adam Harishon, and teshuvah.

Chazal tell us in Midrash Rabbah that after Kayin was called to judgment by Hashem for killing his brother Hevel, Adam Harishon met him and asked what happened with his judgment. Kayin replied, ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื ืชืคืฉืจืชื™ โ€” โ€œI did teshuvah and was given a compromise in my verdict.โ€ Upon hearing that, Adam Harishon started to bang his face and exclaimed, โ€œThis is the power of teshuvah, and I didnโ€™t know!โ€ He immediately said: Mizmor shir lโ€™yom haShabbos.

This mizmor is part of Tehillim, but it was originally uttered by Adam Harishon. When did he say it? When he heard about teshuvah. Evidently, there is a direct link between Mizmor shir lโ€™yom haShabbos and teshuvah.

Another Midrash says (Pirkei dโ€™Rabbi Eliezer 19):

ื•ึผื‘ึดื–ึฐื›ื•ึผืช ื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืช ื ึดืฆึผึทืœ ืึธื“ึธื ืžึดื“ึผึดื™ื ึธื”ึผ ืฉืึถืœ ื’ึผึตื™ื”ึดื ึผึธื. ื•ึฐืจึธืึธื” ืึธื“ึธื ื›ึผึนื—ึธื”ึผ ืฉืึถืœ ืฉืึทื‘ึผึธืช, ืึธืžึทืจ ืœึนื ืœึฐื—ึดื ึผึธื ื‘ึผึตืจึทืšึฐ ื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื ืึถืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืช ื•ึฐืงึดื“ึผึตืฉื ืื•ึนืชื•ึน. ื”ึดืชึฐื—ึดื™ืœ ืžึฐืฉืื•ึนืจึตืจ ื•ึผืžึฐื–ึทืžึผึตืจ ืœึฐื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืช, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ ืžึดื–ึฐืžื•ึนืจ ืฉืึดื™ืจ ืœึฐื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืช.

When Adam Harishon saw the power of Shabbos, after being saved from Gehinnom in the merit of Shabbos, he declared, โ€œItโ€™s not for nothing that Hashem bentched the day of Shabbos and made it holy.โ€ Then, upon perceiving the greatness of the Shabbos day, he began to sing the song of Shabbos, praising the Ribbono Shel Olam for the briah, as he said: Mizmor shir lโ€™yom haShabbos.

And then he says the words ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ืœึฐื”ึนื“ื•ึนืช ืœึทื”’. The Midrash sheds light on the connection between Shabbos and teshuvah when it explains that ืœึฐื”ึนื“ื•ึนืช connotes vidui โ€” meaning that Adam Harishon said vidui on Shabbos for the aveiros that he did.

These Midrashim indicate that Shabbos has a special ability to bring a person to closeness to Hashem and spur him to vidui. On Shabbos, a person can recognize where he stands and grasp the connection between himself and the Ribbono Shel Olam, which prompts him to sing to the Ribbono Shel Olam and acknowledge His briah, while also saying vidui for his chataโ€™im. Then, as the Midrash says, he is saved from the judgment of Gehinnom through the merit of Shabbos.

So Shabbos Shuvah is a very special time. Not only is it the first Shabbos of the year, commemorating the first Shabbos of Creation, but Shabbos itself is also a special time for connecting. Itโ€™s a more ruchniyusโ€™dike day, a time when a person can rise to a higher level and bring himself to teshuvah.

Top-Tier Teshuvah

The Sfas Emes adds a deeper idea, explaining that the teshuvah during the week of Aseres Yemei Teshuvah is for the maasim that we do, while the teshuvah that we do on Shabbos Kodesh is for matters that relate to the neshamah. We know that the weekdays are like the guf, and Shabbos, which is a day of ruchniyus, is like the neshamah of the week. On this day we can ask for ruchniyus and connect with ruchniyus in a way that we canโ€™t during the week. On Shabbos we have a neshamah yeseirah, and the Shitah Mekubetzes says, in Beitzah, that the reason the Ribbono Shel Olam gave us this neshamah yeseirah is so that we can grasp maasei Hashem, understand Hashemโ€™s ways, and come closer to Him.

So on Shabbos Shuvah we have the ability to do a higher level of teshuvah. During the week we do teshuvah on our maasim, and on Shabbos we have the ability to do teshuvah for our dibbur (which represents the ruach), for our thoughts, and for things that we damaged in our neshamah. Thatโ€™s a much higher level of teshuvah.

Letโ€™s try to utilize this special time of Aseres Yemei Teshuvah, and especially Shabbos Shuvah, to connect to ruchniyus. Every person has the ability to be more ruchniusโ€™dik on Shabbos, especially during Aseres Yemei Teshuvah, when the Ribbono Shel Olam is karov to us, and every yachid has the koach of a rabbim.

We should all be zocheh, bโ€™ezras Hashem, to a gmar chasima tovah.

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