BereishisVayechi

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•

ื•ื™ื˜ ืฉื›ืžื• ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ
ืื—ื“ ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ืชืืจืก ืคืขื ืขื ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื”ื™ื• ืžื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืจื™ื ื ื• ืขืœื™ื• ื›ื™ “ืžื›ืจ ืขืฆืžื•” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืฆืข ื›ืกืฃ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืœืคื™ ืžืขืœืชื• ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ืฉื ื‘ืช ืช”ื— ืืžื™ืชื™. ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืืœื• ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืื–ื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื ื—ื•ื ืคืจืฆื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื”.

ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื”ื™ื ื ื”ื’ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื‘ืข ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจ’ ื ื—ื•ื ื”ืชื›ื‘ื“ ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ, ืคืชื— ื•ืืžืจ:

ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืžืฉื ื” (ืื‘ื•ืช) “ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ื“ืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ืคืช ื‘ืžืœื— ืชืื›ืœ ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื•ืจื” ืชืฉืชื” ื•ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืชื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืืชื” ืขืžืœ, ืื ืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืŸ ืืฉืจื™ืš ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืš ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื”. ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื–ื”ื• ืชื ืื™ ืœืงื™ื•ื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ืœื™ ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืืš ื”ื› ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืงืฉื” ื“ื”ื ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืขืฉื™ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื•ื”ื’ืžืจื (ื ื“ืจื™ืย  )ืžืกืคืจืช ืขืœ ืขืฉืจื• ื•ืขืœ ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื›ืžื” ืืœืคื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื—ืชื•ื ืช ื‘ื ื•, ื•ื”ื› ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื ื”ื’ ืคืช ื‘ืžืœื— ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื•ืจื”? ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืชื ืื™ื ื•ืืžื•ืจืื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื.

ืืœื ื”ืคืฉื˜ ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื” ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืฆืœ ื™ืฉืฉื›ืจ “ื•ื™ื˜ ืฉื›ืžื• ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ” ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ ืขื•ืœ ืชื•ืจื” (ืจืฉ”ื™);, ืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ, ื“ื”ื ืœื ื›ืชื•ื‘ ‘ื•ื™ืกื‘ื•ืœ’, ืืœื “ื•ื™ื˜ ืฉื›ืžื• ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ” ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืกื‘ืœ ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื™ืœืžื“ ื•ืœื ื™ืคืจื™ืข ืœื• ืฉื•ื ืขื ื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”.

ืกื™ื™ื ืžืจืŸ ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ ื•ืืžืจ: ืžืขื™ื“ ืื ื™ ื›ื™ ื”ื—ืชืŸ ื“ื ืŸ ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ื• ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืœื ื—ื™ืคืฉ ืžื•ืชืจื•ืช, ืืœื ืจืง “ื•ื™ื˜ ืฉื›ืžื• ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ” โ€“ ืฉืกื‘ืœ ืขื•ืœ ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ืื“ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื” ื–ื™ืžืŸ ืœื• ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื—ื™ื ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ืฉื™ืกืคืง ื›ืœ ืฆืจื›ื™ื•. ื•ืื“ืจื‘ื” ืฉืžืขืชื™ื” ื‘ืขื™ ืฆื™ืœื•ืชื™ื” ื•ืฉื ื™ ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื•ืช ื–ื• ืžืขืœื”.

ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืกืชื ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืืช ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื”ืžืœืขื™ื–ื™ื.

ืžืชื•ืš ื™ืฉื•ืจื•ืŸ ื›ืจืš ื›”ื‘

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื

Maran Hamashgiach Hagaon Harav Yechezkel Levinshtein, ztโ€l

ื”ื™ืืกืคื• ื•ืื’ื™ื“ื” ืœื›ื ืืช ืืฉืจ ื™ืงืจื ืืชื›ื ื‘ืื—ืจื™ืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื (ืžื˜, ื)
ืกื™ืคืจ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืœื•ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื”:ย ื–ื›ื•ืจื ื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื ื–ืฆื•ืงืดืœ, ื‘ื ืœืคื ื™ื• ืื—ื“ ืฉื”ื•ืฆืจืš ืœื ืกื•ืข ืœืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ื•ืฉืืœ ื”ืื ื™ืกืข ืœื‘ื“ื• ืื• ื™ืงื— ืขืžื• ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื•.

ืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื• ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื: ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื“ืขืชืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช?

ืขื ื” ืื•ืชื• ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ – ื›ืš ื ื“ืžื” ืœื™ – ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืจืš.

ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื: ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื, ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ื’ื™ืข ืžืœืš ื”ืžืฉื™ื—.

ืฉืืœื• ื”ืฉื•ืืœ: ืจื‘ื™, ื”ืื ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืžืฆื“ ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืงืขืžืคื ืขืจ [ื›ืš ื ืงืจื ืื– ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืžืœื‘ื™ืดื ื–ืฆืดืœ ืฉื›ื™ื”ืŸ ื›ืจื‘ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืงืขืžืคื ื ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื• ืœื“ื ื™ืืœ (ื—, ื™ื“) ืฉื™ืขืจ ืฉื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืชื‘ื•ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื”, ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืคืจืดื—]?

ืขื ื” ืœื• ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื: ืžืฆื“ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงืขืžืคื ืขืจ, ื”ืจื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืืžืจ: ืดืกืชื•ืžื™ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื—ืชื•ืžื™ื ืขื“ ืขืช ืงืฅืด (ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื™ื‘, ื˜). ืืš ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ื”ืœื ืžื•ื›ืจื— ืœื”ื’ื™ืข, ื›ื™ ืื ืœื ื™ื’ื™ืข ืขืชื” ืœืžื™ ื™ื’ื™ืข?! ืœืื•ืจ ื™ืจื™ื“ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ืœืžื™ ื™ื’ื™ืข ืžืœืš ื”ืžืฉื™ื—?!

ืกื™ื™ื ืžืจืŸ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ื”ื’ื”ืดืฆ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ: ืื ื›ืš ืืžืจ ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•, ื›ืฉื”ื™ื• ืืจื–ื™ ื”ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ืื“ื™ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืžื” ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื–ืžื ื ื•, ื›ืฉื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื•ืžืชืžืขื˜ื™ื. ืื ืœื ื™ื‘ื•ื ืขืชื”, ืœืžื™ ื™ื‘ื•ื.

ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืœื›ื”

Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shpitzer Shlita

ื•ื™ื—ื™

ืžื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื•ืคื•ื˜ืจ ืืช ื”ื˜ืคืœ

ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื ืคืชืœื™ ืื™ืœื” ืฉืœื•ื—ื”, ื”ื ื•ืชืŸ ืืžืจื™ ืฉืคืจ. ื•ืคื™ืจืฉื• ืขืœ ืžืขืœืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื ืคืชืœื™. ื•ืคื™’ ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ืชื”ื ืžืขื‘ื“ื ืคื™ืจื™ืŸ, ื™ื”ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื•ืŸ, ื•ืคื™’ ืฉ”ืž ื•ืจื™ื˜ื‘”ื ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืž”ื“ ืขืค”ื™ ืฉืืžืจื• ืฉื ื›ื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื™ื ื•ืกืจ ืขื ืคืช ื”ื•ื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืขื™ืงืจ, ื•ื”ื ื‘ื—ืœืงื• ืฉืœ ื ืคืชืœื™. (ื•ืข’ ืื•”ืฉ ืค”ื” ืžื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื””ื’ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืคื™’ ืื—ืจ ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ืขืค”ื™ ืชื™ื‘”ืข ืค’ ืขืงื‘ ื“ื‘ืจื›ื” ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœืฉ ืขืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ ืžื””ืช. ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื”ื ื›”ื› ืžืขื•ืœื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื ื‘ื‘ื”ืž”ื– ืžื””ืช, ื•ื–ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื— ืฉืืžืจ ื›ืืŸ. ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืงืื™ ืขืœ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื”).

ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืคื™’ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืžื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ืžืœื™ื— ื•ืคื•ื˜ืจ ืืช ื”ืคืช, ื•ืคื™’ ื‘ื’ืž’ ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื™ื ื•ืกืจ ื›”ื› ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื, ื•ื”ืง’ ืชื•ืก’ ื”ื› ืžืœื™ื— ื’”ื› ื˜ืคืœ, ื•ืชื™’ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืื›ืœ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื“ืขืชื• ืขืœ ืžืœื™ื— ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื”ืžืœื™ื— ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจ. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื ื” ืœ”ื ืข”ื‘ ืคื™’ ื“ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžืœื™ื— ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื™ื ื•ืกืจ ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืขืžื ืžืœื™ื—. ื•ื ืžืฆื ืœื›ื•”ืข ื“ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืคื•ื˜ืจื™ื ื”ืคืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื˜ืคืœ. ืื›ืŸ ืœืคื™ ืชื•ืก’ ืœื ื”ืฉ ื›”ื› ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื’ื ืžืœื™ื— ื“ืคื•ื˜ืจ ื”ืคืช ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื™ื ื•ืกืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื ื” ื›ืชื‘ื• ืžื’”ื ื•ื‘”ื— ื“ืžืœื™ื— ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ื˜ืจ ื”ืคืช ืืฃ ืื—ืจ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื™ื ื•ืกืจ, ื•ื”ื› ื”ืฉ ื˜ืคื™ ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื, ื“ืจืง ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื™ื ื•ืกืจ ืคื•ื˜ืจ ืคืช.

ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื “ืžื•ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ืŸ”, ื•ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ื’ ืžื“ื™ื™ืง ื›ืŸ ื‘ืงืจื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื”ื ื•ืชืŸ “ืืžืจื™” ืฉืคืจ. ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉืคื™’ ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืจื›ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื•ื›ืคืกืง ื”ืฉื•”ืข ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื•ื˜ืคืœ. ืžื™ื”ื• ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ื›ืืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืืœื• ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ (ื•ื“ืœื ื›ืื•”ืฉ ื”ื ”ืœ) ื•ืื™ืš ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืืช ื”ืคืช, ื•ื”ืจื™ ืžื””ืช ื”ื•ื™ ื›ืœื ื‘ื™ืจืš ื›ืœืœ.

ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื“ื ื• ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ืคืช ื˜ืคืœ ืื™ ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื‘ื”ืž”ื–. ื•ืข’ ื‘ืื‘ื ื™ ื ื–ืจ ืœ”ื— ื™”ื’ ื“ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื• ื“ื˜ืคืœ ื”ืฆ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื˜ืคืœ ืฉืœ ืคืช ื•ืื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื”, ื•ืœื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื“ื™ืŸ ื˜ืคืœ ื“ื”ืฆ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื“ื”ื› ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ื–ื” ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืž”ื– ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื, ืืœื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ืคืœ ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืฆ ื‘ื”ืž”ื– ื’ื ื”ื˜ืคืœ ื”ืฆ ื‘ื”ืž”ื–.

ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื‘ื“ืคื•ืก ื—ื“ืฉ ื—”ื ืฆ”ื”, ื—ื•ืœืง ืข”ื–. ื•ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ื˜ืขื ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื›ืคื””ื— ื“ืžื‘ืจืš ื‘ื”ืž”ื– ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื“ื™ืŸ ืขื™ืงืจ ื•ื˜ืคืœ ื”ื•ื ื“ื ืคื˜ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจ, ื•ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ื‘ื‘ื”ืž”ื–. ืื‘ืœ ื“ืขืช ืื‘ื ื™ ื ื–ืจ ื›ื ”ืœ ื“ื”ื˜ืคืœ ื ืฉืชื ื” ื‘ืจื›ืชื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืขื™ืงืจ, ื•ื”ื› ืฉื™ื™ืš ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื”ืž”ื–.

(ื•ืžื” ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื”ื ื•ืชืŸ ืืžืจื™ “ืฉืคืจ”, ื•ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืคืจ ื•ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืœื›ื’ ื™ืฉ ืœืคืจืฉ ืœืคื™ ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ื ื• ื‘ืžืง”ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื ื™ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื—ื“ื ืžืฉื•ื ื’ื–ืœ, ื•ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืœื›ืœ ืžืื›ืœ. ื•ืข’ ืืฉืจ ืœืฉืœืžื” ื“ื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืืžืช ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืžืฉื•ื ื’ื•ื–ืœ ืขื•ื””ื–, ืืœื ื“ื™ื•ืฆื ืข”ื™ ื”ืขื™ืงืจ, ื•ื ืžืฆื ื“ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื˜ืคืœ ื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืจื›ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื›ืชื™ ืื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื‘ืจื›ื” ืžืฆื“ ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”’, ื•ื–ื” ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืขืœ ื˜ืคืœ ืœืคื ื™ ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื‘ืจืš ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืœืคื™ ื”ืจืž”ื. ื•ืœืคื™”ื– ื”ืฉ ื“ื›ืืŸ ืงืž”ืœ ื“ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื™ื ื•ืกืจ ื”ื ืขื™ืงืจ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘”ืืžืจื™ ืฉืคืจ” ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”. ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื™”ืœ ื“ื–ื” ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื ืžื•ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื•ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”’, ื•ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื’ื–ื™ืœื”, ื•ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ื–ื” ืžื˜ืคืœ ื“ื”ืฆ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืœื ืžืฉื•ื ื’ื–ื™ืœื”).

ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื™ืš ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื

Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Aryeh Finkel, ztโ€l

“ื•ื‘ืจื›ืชื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ื”

ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื ื• ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืœื™ืœ ืฉื‘”ืง “ืืชื” ืงื“ืฉืช ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืœืฉืžืš ื•ื›ื•’, ื•ื‘ืจื›ืชื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืงื“ืฉืชื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื”. ื”ืงื‘”ื” “ื‘ื™ืจืš” ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ืจืš ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืŸ “ืงื™ื“ืฉ” ื™ื•ื ื–ื” ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช, ืฉืื™ื ื” ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืฉื•ื ืžื•ืขื“ ืื—ืจ.

ื”ืฉื‘ืช โ€“ ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื ืฆื—ื™

ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืชื‘ืจืš ื•ื”ืชืงื“ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ืžื” ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ื“ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื–ื”.

ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืืจ, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื™ื ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ืฉื™”ืช, ื•ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื™ืกื•ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืช, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœื ื• ืขื ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืžื•ืฉืชืช ืขืœ ื™ื•ื ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื–ื”, ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืจืง ืข”ื™ ื™ื•ื ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืฉื›ืจ ื”ื ืฆื—ื™ ื•ืœื›ืœ ื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืช ืฉื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื ื• ืข”ื™ ืขื‘ื“ื™ื• ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื.

ื•ื–ื”ื• ืข”ื™ ืฉื ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื™ืช’ ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœืžื”, ื•ืืžื•ื ื” ื–ื• ืขื™ืงืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื–ื”, ื•ืžืคื ื™ ื›ืš ื‘ื™ืจืš ื•ืงื™ื“ืฉ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื ืฆื—ื™.

ืžืฆื•ืช ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”’

ื•ื”ื ื” ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘”ื (ืค”ื ืžื™ืกื•ื””ืช ื””ื); ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื ื’ “ื•ื ืงื“ืฉืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ” ื•ืžื•ื–ื”ืจื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ืœื—ืœืœื• ืฉื ื’ “ื•ืœื ืชื—ืœืœื• ืืช ืฉื ืงื“ืฉื™”. ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื (ื””ื™); “ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืคื•ืจืฉ ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืื• ืขืฉื” ืžืฆื•ื”, ืœื ืžืคื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืœื ืคื—ื“ ื•ืœื ื™ืจืื” ื•ืœื ืœื‘ืงืฉ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืืœื ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื, ื›ืžื ื™ืขืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืขืฆืžื• ืžืืฉืช ืจื‘ื• – ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžืงื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืฉื”.

ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ, ื›ื™ ื›ืฉื ืฉื™ื•ืกืฃ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืคืจืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื ืœืœื ื›ืœ ื ื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ, ื›ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”’ ื•ื‘ืžื ื™ืขื” ืžื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช. ื•ืขื ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื’ืœื•ื™ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืกืชืจ, ืฉืืฃ ืื ืคื•ืจืฉ ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื‘ืกืชืจ ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืจื•ืื”ื•, ื’”ื› ืžืงื“ืฉ ืฉื ืฉืžื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื•ืคื• ื•ื ืคืฉื•.

ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”’ ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”

ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ื›ืฉื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ืจืš ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื• ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ื•ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื ื˜ื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืื™ืชื ืข”ื– ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ (ื™ืœืงื•”ืฉ ื•ื™ื—ื™ ืจืžื– ืงื ”ื˜); “ื›ืฉื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืช ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ื•ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ, ื”ื•ืจื™ืงื• ืคื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ื ืชื™ืจื ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ื™ื—ื• ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ืชืžืจ, ืžื™ื“ ืงืจืื• ื•ืคื™ื™ืกื•: “ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ื•ืš ืื—ื™ืš”, ื–ืฉ”ื” ืข”ื™ ืืกืฃ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื , ื›ื’) “ื–ื•ื‘ื— ืชื•ื“ื” ื™ื›ื‘ื“ื ื ื™” – ืžืงืจื ื–ื” ืœื ืืžืจื• ืืœื ื›ื ื’ื“ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืฉื›ื•ื‘ืฉื™ืŸ ืืช ื™ืฆืจื ื•ืžื•ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื•, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื—ื™ื™ ื”ืขื•ื””ื‘ ืฉื ืืžืจ “ื–ื•ื‘ื— ืชื•ื“ื” ื™ื›ื‘ื“ื ื ื™”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืืชื” ืžื•ืฆื ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ืชืžืจ, ื”ืœ ื”ืงื‘”ื” “ืืชื” ื”ืฆืœืช ืชืžืจ ื•ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืจื™ืคื” ื•ืืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื•ืจ, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœื–,ื›ื•) “ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืืœ ืื—ื™ื• ืžื” ื‘ืฆืข ื›ื™ ื ื”ืจื•ื’ ืืช ืื—ื™ื ื•”, ื—ื™ื™ืš ืฉืื ื™ ืžืฆื™ืœ ืžื‘ื ื™ืš ืืจื‘ืขื”: ื’ ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื•ืจ โ€“ ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ื•ื’’ ืžืŸ ื”ืืฉ โ€“ ื—ื ื ื™ื ืžื™ืฉืืœ ื•ืขื–ืจื™ื” โ€“ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืคืจืฅ ื•ื–ืจื— ื•ืชืžืจ, ื•ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืžืงืœืœื•, ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืงื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ืจื’ ืืช ืื—ื™ื• ื”ืœ ื”ืงื‘”ื” “ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ืœ ืื—ื™ืš”?, ืืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ื• “ืจื‘ืฉ”ืข ืื ื™ ื•ื”ื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ืื ื• ื“ื•ืจื•ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ืš, ืฉืœื• ืงื‘ืœืช ื•ืœื™ ื”ื—ื–ืจืช ื‘ืคื—ื™ ื ืคืฉ, ืžืžื ื™ ืืชื” ืžื‘ืงืฉื• ื•ื”ืœื ืื™ื ื• ืžืชื‘ืงืฉ ืืœื ืžืžืš ืฉืืชื” ืžืฉืžืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช”?!, ื”ืœ ื”ืงื‘”ื” “ืื ื™ ืžื•ื“ื™ืขืš ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื”!, ืืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ื• “ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืขื•ื•ื ื™ ืžื ืฉื•ื” ื•ื›ื•’ ืžื™ื“ ืžื—ืœ ืœื• ืžื—ืฆื” ื•ื›ื•’. “ืžื›ืกื” ืคืฉืขื™ื• ืœื ื™ืฆืœื™ื—” (ืžืฉืœื™ ื›ื—,ื™ื’) ื–ื” ืงื™ืŸ, “ื•ืžื•ื“ื” ื•ืขื•ื–ื‘ ื™ืจื•ื—ื” ื–ื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”. ืข”ื› ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ.

ื•ื”ื•ื“ืื” ื–ื• ืฉื”ื•ื“ื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ืชืžืจ ื”ื™ืชื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืžืขืœืชื” ืžืื•ื“, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืชืžืจ ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื” ืœืžืกื•ืจ ื’’ ย ื ืคืฉื•ืช ื•ืœื ืœื”ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ื•, ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื‘ื•ืฉื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืงืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื’’ ื ืคืฉื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืงื™ื“ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืฉื ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื–ื›ื” ืœื”ืฆืœืช ื—ื ื ื™ื” ืžื™ืฉืืœ ื•ืขื–ืจื™ื”.

ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื โ€“ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ืœืฉืžื™ื

ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ื’ืž’ ื‘ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ (ื•:) “ืจื‘ื™ ืžืื™ืจ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื•ืฆืข ืืœื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœื–,ื›ื•) “ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืืœ ืื—ื™ื• ืžื” ื‘ืฆืข ื›ื™ ื ื”ืจื•ื’ ืืช ืื—ื™ื ื•”, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžื‘ืจืš ืืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžื ืืฅ, ื•ืขืœ ื–ื” ื ืืžืจ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื™,ื’) ื•ื‘ื•ืฆืข ื‘ืจืš ื ืืฅ ื”'”. โ€“ ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื•ื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืžื›ืจื• ื”ืื—ื™ื ืืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืขื“ ืขืฉืจื™ื ื›ืกืฃ ื•ื‘ืขื“ ื ืขืœื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื ื‘ื™ื, ื•ืžื™ ืฉื’ืจื ืœืžื›ื™ืจื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ืœื›ืš ืื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืจืš ืืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื”.

ืืš ื“ื‘ืจ ืคืœื ื”ื•ื ื•ื›ืš ื”ืง’ ื‘ืžื”ืจืฉ”ื ืฉื – ื“ืžื“ื•ืข ืงืจื ืœืžื‘ืจื›ื• “ืžื ืืฅ”, ื”ืจื™ ืœื›ืื•’ ืขืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ื–ืืช. ื•ืขื•ื“ ื“ืœืฉื•ืŸ “ืžื ืืฅ” ืžืฉืžืข ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืขืกื” ืื• ื›ืคื™ืจื”, ื•ืื™ื–ื• ื›ืคื™ืจื” ื™ืฉื ื” ื‘ืœื‘ืจืš ืืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”?.

ื•ื‘ื™ืืจ ืฉื ื”ืžื”ืจืฉ”ื, ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ื’ืž’ ื”ื™ื ืฉืžื™ ืฉืžื‘ืจืš ืืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ืžืขืฉื”ื• ืฉืžื›ืจ ืืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืžื•ืŸ ื•ืœื›ืš ืžื ืข ืืช ื”ืจื™ื’ืชื• โ€“ ืขืœื™ื• ื ืืžืจ “ืžื ืืฅ ื”'”, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจื›ื• ืขืœ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆืœืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื ืชื›ื•ื™ืŸ ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื, ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ืจื ืžื—ื˜ื•ื ืœื”’ ื•ืœื ืจืฆื” ื‘ืžื™ืชืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ื•ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืžื ืื—ื™ื• ืœื ื™ืฉืžืขื• ืœื• ื”ืœืš ื•ืคื™ืชื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื “ื ืœืš ื•ื ืžื›ืจื ื• ืœื™ืฉืžืขืœื™ื”, ื•ืขื™”ื– ืจืฆื” ืฉื™ื ืฆืœ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืžืžื•ืช.

ื•ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘; “ื•ื‘ื•ืฆืข ื‘ืจืš” ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื™ ืฉืžื‘ืจืš ืืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืกื™ื‘ืช ืžื›ื™ืจืชื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืฆืข ื›ืกืฃ ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ “ืžื” ื‘ืฆืข ื›ื™ ื ื”ืจื•ื’ ืืช ืื—ื™ื ื•”, – ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžื ืืฅ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ื•ืคืจ ื•ืžื›ืขื™ืก ื‘ื–ื” ืœื”ืงื‘”ื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืžืžืขื˜ ื‘ื–ื” ืืช ื™ืจืืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืžื”ืงื‘”ื”.

ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžืขืœืชื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ืฉื ืชื›ื•ื™ืŸ ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืœื ื—”ื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืžื•ืŸ, ื•ืœื›ืš ื”ืžื‘ืจื›ื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืžื•ืŸ “ืžื ืืฅ ื”'” ื™ืงืจื.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ (ื‘”ืž ืค”ื‘ ื””ื”) ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืจื‘ื” (ืคืจืฉืช ืขืงื‘ ืค”ื’); ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืจ’ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœืงื— ื—ืžื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ืžื™ืฉืžืขืœื™ ืื—ื“, ื”ืœื›ื• ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ื•ืžืฆืื• ื‘ื• ืื‘ืŸ ืื—ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ืœื• ื‘ืฆื•ืืจื•, ืืžืจื• ืœื• “ืจื‘ื™ – ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”’ ื”ื™ื ืชืขืฉื™ืจ” (ืžืฉืœื™ ื™,ื›ื‘), ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืจ’ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื— “ื—ืžื•ืจ ืœืงื—ืชื™ ืื‘ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœื ืœืงื—ืชื™”, ื”ืœืš ื•ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื” ืœืื•ืชื• ื™ืฉืžืขืœื™, ื•ืงืจื ืขืœื™ื• ืื•ืชื• ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ “ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”’ ืืœื”ื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื—”.

ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื–ื”, ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืื‘ื™ื“ื” ืœืื•ืชื• ืขื›ื•”ื, ื”ื ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ (ืขื•:) “ื”ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื‘ื™ื“ื” ืœื›ื•ืชื™ ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื•ืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›”ื˜) “ืœื ื™ืื‘ื” ื”’ ืกืœื•ื— ืœื•”?.

ื•ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื, ืฉืชืœื•ื™ ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• โ€“ ืื ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืื‘ื™ื“ื” ืœื›ื•ืชื™ ื›ื™ ืžืฉื•ื” ืืช ื”ื›ื•ืชื™ย  ื•ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืื—ื“ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื• ืžืฆื•ืช ื‘ื•ืจืื•, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืคื™’ ืจืฉ”ื™ ืฉื, โ€“ ืขืœื™ื• ื ืืžืจ “ืœื ื™ืื‘ื” ื”’ ืกืœื•ื— ืœื•”, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžืžืขื™ื˜ ืืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžืฉื•ื” ืื•ืชื ืœืขื›ื•”ื ื•ื–ื”ื• ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”’, ืžืฉื”ื› ืจ’ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื— ืฉื›ืœ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืœืฉืžื™ื, ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ “ื‘ืขื™ ื”ื•ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื— ืžืฉืžืข ื‘ืจื™ืš ืืœื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื”ื•ื“ืื™”, ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ืฉื ื””ืคื ื™ ืžืฉื”” “ืจื•ืฆื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืชืงื“ืฉ ืฉื ืฉืžื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื•, ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืฉื™ืืžืจื• ื‘ืจื™ืš ืืœื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื”ื•ื“ืื™ ื•ื–ื” ื ื•ื— ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ืฉื›ืจ ื•ืจื™ื•ื— ืžืžื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื”, ืœื›ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื” ืขืฉื” ื‘ื–ื” ืฉื”ืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืื‘ื™ื“ื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืฉื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื–ื• ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืจืฆื•ื™ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื™”ืช ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžืงื“ืฉ ืืช ืฉืžื• ื™ืช’ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.

ื”ื•ื™ ื“ืŸ ืœื›ืฃ ื–ื›ื•ืช

ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ืื—ื™ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืจืขื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉืจืฆื” ืœืžื•ื›ืจื• ื‘ืขื“ ืžืžื•ืŸ, ื•ืœื›ืš ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืžื›ืจื•ื”ื• ื›ืชื•ื‘ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœื—,ื) “ื•ื™ืจื“ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืžืืช ืื—ื™ื•” ื•ื’ื•’ โ€“ ืฉื”ื•ืจื™ื“ื•ื”ื• ืžื’ื“ื•ืœืชื•, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืœืฉืžื™ื, ืฉืจืฆื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ืื—ื™ื• ืžืžื•ืช, ื•ืจืฆื” ืฉื™ืชืงื“ืฉ ืฉื ืฉืžื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืš ื–ื›ื” ืฉื ืฆืœื• ื›ืžื” ื ืคืฉื•ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœื• ื›ืžื• ื“ืื™ืชื ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ (ื”ื ”ืœ), ื•ื›ืŸ ื–ื›ื” ืœื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืื‘ื™ื• ืฉื‘ืจื›ื• ื‘ืžืœื•ื›ื” ื•ื›ื•’.

ื•ื–ื”ื• ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื•, ืฉืœืคืขืžื™ื ืจื•ืื™ื ืื ื• ืื“ื ืฉืœื•ืžื“ ื‘ื”ืชืžื“ื”, ื•ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืœื•ืžื“ ืžืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื›ื“ื•’, ืืš ืื“ืจื‘ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืื ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืžืขืฉื” ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ื•ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืœื›ืฃ ื–ื›ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืœื•ืžื“ ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื ืœืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืกืง ื”ืชื•ื””ืง ื•ืœืงื“ืฉ ืฉื ืฉืžื™ื.

ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืชื—ื–ืง ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ืœื—ืฉื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืคืงืคื•ืง, ื•ืœื”ืžื ืข ืžืขืฉื™ื™ืชื• ื•ื‘ื–ื” ย ื ื–ื›ื” ื’ื ืื ื• ืœืงื“ืฉ ืฉื ืฉืžื™ื, ื•ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืขื™”ื– ืœืืžื•ื ื” ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” ื•ืœืฉื›ืจ ื ืฆื—ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื””ื‘.

ื•ืœืื—ื™ื• ื™ืืžืจ ื—ื–ืง

ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื›ื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืฉืจื•ื™ื ื‘ืกื›ื ื”, ื•ื‘ืฉืขืช ืกื›ื ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ืขืกืง ื”ืชื•ื””ืง, ื•ื›ืœ ื’ ืฉืžืชื—ื–ืง ืžื—ื–ืง ื‘ื–ื” ื’ื ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™, ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ื–ื”ืจ ืžืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฆืจ ืขื™ืŸ ื›ืฉืจื•ืื” ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืžืชื—ื–ืง, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ื•ืชื‘ ืข”ื– ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื ื” (ืฉืขืจื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉ”ื’) ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืจื‘ื”, ื›ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืจืง ื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ื™ืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ืื™ืœื• ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืœื ื™ืงื™ื™ื, ื•ืขื™”ื– ืฉื ืงื™ื™ื “ืื™ืฉ ืืช ืจืขื”ื• ื™ืขื–ื•ืจื• ื•ืœืื—ื™ื• ื™ืืžืจ ื—ื–ืง” (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืžื,ื•) ื•ื ืชื—ื–ืง ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืจืื•ื™, ื ื–ื›ื” ืฉื ื ืฆืœ ืžื›ืœ ื”ืฆืจื•ืช ื•ื ื’ืืœ ื’ืื•ืœืช ืขื•ืœืžื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืืช ืžืฉื™ื— ืฆื“ืงื ื•, ืืžืŸ.

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Harav Hagaon Meir Wahrsager Shlita

Dangerous Expectations

Parashas Vayechi

Harav Hagaon Meir Wahrsager Shlita

As weโ€™re leaving Sefer Bereishis, we should take advantage of the fact that weโ€™re still together with the Avos hakedoshim and learn from the darkei haโ€™avos. The Netziv, in his introduction to Sefer Bereishis, cites Chazalโ€™s teaching (Avodah Zarah 25a) that Sefer Bereishis is called Sefer Hayashar, and he brings many sources to show that this quality of yashrus is specifically mentioned with regard to people who excel in bein adam lachaveiro and not only in bein adam lamakom. He points out that all the Avos had exceptional middos, acting in an exemplary fashion even with non-Jews, and their middos in bein adam lachaveiro mirrored their bein adam lamakom. In these past few parashiyos we see the stellar middos of Yosef Hatzaddik. Although Yosef was one of Yaakovโ€™s sons โ€“ one of the shevatim โ€“ in some respects he was considered an av, as his two sons, Efraim and Menashe, became shevatim as well.

Iโ€™d like to discuss how we can learn from the middos of Yosef Hatzaddik.

In this weekโ€™s parashah we find an amazing example of Yosefโ€™s gadlus in middos; it actually starts in last weekโ€™s parashah. The shevatim committed a tremendous crime against Yosef, causing him to be sent to Mitzrayim and be separated from his father for 22 years. This was considered a cheit on their part, and we would think that Yosef had every right to be angry and take revenge against them. Yet he didnโ€™t get angry; instead, he reassured them that heโ€™s not angry at them at all. In this weekโ€™s parashah we find that after Yaakov died, the shevatim were worried that Yosef would be upset at them. But Yosef calms them down, saying: ืึทืœ ืชึผึดื™ืจึธืื•ึผ ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ึฒืชึทื—ึทืช ืึฑืœึนืงึดื™ื ืึธื ึดื™. Rashi and the Sforno explain that this is an expression of wonderment: โ€œDo you think Iโ€™m putting myself in Hakadosh Baruch Huโ€™s stead,โ€ Yosef was asking, โ€œ that I should judge you, take revenge against you, or get angry at you? Although your intention was negative โ€“ ื•ึฐืึทืชึผึถื ื—ึฒืฉืึทื‘ึฐืชึผึถื ืขึธืœึทื™ ืจึธืขึธื” โ€“ Hashem used you as a kli, and this was all part of a Master Plan:ืึฑืœึนืงึดื™ื ื—ึฒืฉืึธื‘ึธื”ึผ ืœึฐื˜ึนื‘ึธื” ืœึฐืžึทืขึทืŸ ืขึฒืฉื‚ึนื” ื›ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ืœึฐื”ึทื—ึฒื™ึนืช ืขึทื ืจึธื‘.

Rather than getting angry, Yosef displays bitachon and incredible middos, reassuring the brothers that he has no intention whatsoever of harming them. He makes a remarkable statement: ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ึฒืชึทื—ึทืช ืึฑืœึนืงึดื™ื ืึธื ึดื™, indicating that if he had gotten angry and taken revenge, he would have been placing himself in Hakadosh Baruch Huโ€™s stead. I believe that this passuk contains a profound revelation, as Yosef explains to us how he achieved this level of avodas hamiddos and conquered the middah of anger.

We are all familiar with the famous statement of the Vilna Gaon, on Mishlei, regarding our purpose in this world:ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ืื“ื ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืชื—ื–ืง ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ืื ืœืื• ืœืžื” ืœื• ื—ื™ื™ื. And anyone who knows even a little bit about avodas hamiddos understands that the key in working on oneโ€™s middos is to get to the root of the middah and not merely to work on the symptoms. Although middos do not work purely with logic, each middah does follow a certain system, and thereโ€™s a method to the madness of how middos work. ย When you understand the root of a middah, then you can start fixing that root.

Justice as the Root

Regarding the middah of anger, Rav Chaim Vital โ€“ in Shaar Hakedushah 1:2, which is the Shulchan Aruch of middos โ€“ discusses the yesod of aish, which manifests primarily as gaavah, which includes kaas as well. He explains that a personโ€™s ego causes him to lash out in anger when things donโ€™t go the way he wants them to. This is the secret root of kaas, as we will explain.

Anger stems from aish, which is essentially middas hadin. We generally attribute middas hadin to Hakadosh Baruch Hu, but a person also has a middas hadin โ€“ a sense of justice that spurs him to stand up for whatโ€™s right. The way middas hadin works is that when shuras hadin is crossed โ€“ when a crime is committed, or a rule is violated โ€“ middas hadin lashes out and tries to uphold justice by fighting back against the wrongdoing.

In reality, Hakadosh Baruch Hu is the only one who is able to decide whatโ€™s shuras hadin, and whatโ€™s really supposed to happen. Yet every person, based on his own ratzon, develops plans and expectations for every aspect of his life, and makes assumptions about what is supposed to happen. When things donโ€™t happen the way he expected, he views it โ€“ without even realizing โ€“ as if shuras hadin was crossed, as if an injustice was done. And that triggers him to lash out in rage โ€“ whether in action, in speech, or in thoughts of anger or frustration.

Letโ€™s say you come into first seder expecting your chavrusa to want to go further, but your chavrusa is not ready to go further. Or you think the chazzan should be davening faster, and the davening is taking a lot longer than you would have liked. Or you come home expecting to see a meal on the table, and itโ€™s not ready. Or you expect the children to be well behaved at the Shabbos table, but they donโ€™t cooperate.

If you dig deep down, youโ€™ll realize what happened โ€“ before you entered the situation you already had the script all written. We write these scripts without even thinking, and then, when things donโ€™t go exactly according to the way we decided itโ€™s supposed to be, weโ€™re appalled at the injustice.

We humans are incredibly talented โ€“ we can walk into a room with 65 people, and weโ€™ve already written the script for each one of them and know precisely how every person should conduct themselves and react.

Our ratzon is the root of how we view things and our opinion of how things are supposed to act out. And when things donโ€™t go our way โ€“ thereโ€™s more traffic today, this one is driving too slow, the weather isnโ€™t what we thought it would be โ€“ we lash out in kaas. Whatโ€™s triggering our kaas? The writing of the script before we entered the situation. Once we get into the situation, weโ€™re already stuck; our concept of shuras hadin has been violated, and now weโ€™re acting on behalf of justice โ€“ the koach of aish.

The problem is in the source โ€“ our ratzon causes us to be ego-centric, without our even realizing it. Once weโ€™ve mapped out the way the world is supposed to work from our vantage point, weโ€™re a dead duck.

This is a tremendous insight into how to work on middas hakaas โ€“ if we could stop making assumptions beforehand, and realize that we have no right to create our own shuras hadin, then we could save ourselves a lot of trouble.

Donโ€™t Write a Script!

This has two applications.

Sometimes, we create a shuras hadin in divrei reshus โ€“ matters about which we have no right to assume will go one way or another. And sometimes, we make assumptions according to what the Torah seems to indicate should happen. Those situations are even harder.

That was the case with Yosef. He had every right to assume that the shevatim were wrong for harming him and banishing him from his father. Yet even in such a case, Yosef understood that a human being cannot write his own script. Hakadosh Baruch Hu gives human beings bechirah and sometimes he uses other people โ€“ even the aveiros of other people โ€“ to accomplish what He wants. Yosef Hatzaddik realized that we can never write a script or assume how anything is supposed to go. Everything is in the hands of Hashem.

This insight from Rav Chaim Vital is reflected in Yosefโ€™s words: ื”ึฒืชึทื—ึทืช ืึฑืœึนืงึดื™ื ืึธื ึดื™. For him to get angry at his brothers and take revenge against them would be wearing the shoes of Hakadosh Baruch Hu and playing G-d. Yosef, on the other hand, recognized that he is not G-d, and that he cannot presume to know how events were supposed to unfold. Hakadosh Baruch Hu runs the world, he was saying, and I make no assumptions.

That attitude took away the trigger and source of any possible anger, and that is how Yosef retained such incredible control over himself and was able to act in a magnificent, almost supernatural way toward his brothers, harboring no resentment toward them for the tremendous pain they caused him during the 22 years of his separation from his family.

This was the gadlus of Yosef Hatzaddik, and this is the lesson he teaches us in how to work on the middah of kaas.

In Sefer Hayashar, Rabbeinu Tam echoes this idea when he tells us that a person should get up every day and tell himself that this word is โ€œื ื•ื” ื”ืชืœืื•ืชโ€ โ€“ a road of mishaps. There are always challenges that arise, and we need to continually remind ourselves that we canโ€™t assume that anything will happen a certain way.

This eitzah touches the root of middas hakaas and gives us a powerful tool for uprooting the egocentric expectations that cause us to erupt in fury. And this gives us a new appreciation for Chazalโ€™s teaching in Shabbos that ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืขืก ื›ืื™ืœื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ืจื”. What is the avodah zarah that youโ€™re worshipping when you get angry? Yourself! By subconsciously writing a script, you are wearing Hakadosh Baruch Huโ€™s clothing, as it were, and sitting on His throne, instead of recognizing, as Yosef did, that ื”ึฒืชึทื—ึทืช ืึฑืœึนืงึดื™ื ืึธื ึดื™.

May we all be zocheh to learn from the maasei Avos, the straight ways of the Avos, and be mesaken our middos bโ€™shleimus.

Gut Shabbos.

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