ShmosVa'eira

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•

Finkel, Moreinu Hagaon Harav Eliyahu Baruch ztโ€l

ื•ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ื”’ ืืœ ืžืฉื” ื•ืืœ ืื”ืจืŸ ื•ื™ืฆื•ื ืืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืืœ ืคืจืขื” ืžืœืš ืžืฆืจื™ื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืืจืฅ ืžืฆืจื™ื (ื•,ื™ื’)
ืจืฉ”ื™: ืฆื™ื•ื ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืขืœ ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืชื• ืืœ ืคืจืขื”.

ื‘ื™ืืจ ืžื•ืจื ื• ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื•ืš ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื”: ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืืœ ืคืจืขื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื’ื ืืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื•, ื“ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื• ืžืฉื•ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ืŸ ื‘ื’ื•ืคื ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื—ื, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื‘ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช. ื•ื”ื› ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืืจ ืฉื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืืœ ืคืจืขื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืžื”ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื’ื•ืคื ื™, ืฉืคืจืขื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื• ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ืื ืžื”ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื’ื•ืคื ื™, ืืš ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ืื ืžืž”ื˜ ืฉืขืจื™ ื˜ื•ืžืื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฉืงื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื”ื. ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ืชื” ืขืœ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช, ืฉื™ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืขืฆืžื ืžืฉืขืจื™ ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ื™ื›ื ืกื• ืœืฉืขืจื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉื”.

ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ, ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ื”ื ื•ืกื— ‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื’, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ‘ื–ื›ืจ ืœื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื’, ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืฆ”ื‘: ื“ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื–ื• ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืžืฆืจื™ื ื™ืฆืื• ื•ื”ื™ื” ืฆ”ืœ ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžืžืฆืจื™ื?

ืืš ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื•ื, ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืืช ื˜ื•ืžืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ืžืขืฆืžื, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžืž”ื˜ ืฉืขืจื™ ื˜ื•ืžืื”, ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืขื™ืงืจ ื•ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื ืงืจืืช ‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื’.

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื

ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ืื‘”ื“ ืžื™ืจ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื“ื•ื“ ืื™ื™ื–ื ืฉื˜ืื˜ ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ
ื›”ื— ื‘ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืจ”ื•
ื‘ืขื•ื“ื• ืžืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื›ืจื‘ ื”ืขื™ื™ืจื” ืžื™ืจ, ืขืžื“ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื“ื•ื“ ืื™ื™ื–ื ืฉื˜ืื˜ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ืœื™ืžื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืกื“ ื•ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื˜ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืกืงื™ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ืžื™ื•ื ื”ืงืžืช ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ืจื””ื™ ื”ื’ืจ”ืฉ ื˜ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืกืงื™ ืžืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขืžื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”.

ืœืื—ืจ ืคื˜ื™ืจืช ืจืืฉื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื•ื‘ื ื• ืจื‘ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื˜ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืกืงื™ ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ, ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืงืฆ”ื”, ื ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ืขื•ืœ ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”.

ื›ืš ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ืกืคืจ ‘ื ื™ืจ ื“ื•ื“’:

ื™ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื”ื™ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจ’ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื“ื•ื“ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ื‘ืชืขื ื™ืช. ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื›ื ื™ืก ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ืžื™ื ืœืคื™ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืฉืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื•ื”ื™ื” ืฉืงื•ืข ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื• ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ื˜ื”ืจื” ื•ื‘ื”ืชืžื“ื” ืขืฆื•ืžื”. ืžื™ื“ื™ ืœื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื” ืงื ื‘ืืฉืžื•ืจืช ื•ืžืงื•ื ืŸ ืขืœ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื’ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”, ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ืงืข ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื• ืขื“ ืื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ.

ืคืขื ืฉืืœื• ื‘ื ื• ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฆ”ืœ: ื”ืœื ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืฆื•ื ืฉื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื? ื’ืขืจ ื‘ื• ืื‘ื™ื• ื•ืืžืจ: ืชื•ืจืช ื”’ ืžืฉื™ื‘ืช ื ืคืฉ, ื”ืื™ืฉ ืืฉืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื• ืื”ื‘ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ื™ื ืชืฉื‘ื™ืขื”ื• ืœื—ื ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืชื•ืกืฃ ืœื• ืฉื ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื.

ืื›ืŸ, ืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™ ื–ืฆ”ืœ, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืคืจื™ืฉื•ืชื• ื•ืกื™ื’ื•ืคื™ื•, ื”ืืจื™ืš ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื™ื” ืื™ืชืŸ ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืชืžื™ื“, ื’ื‘ื” ืงื•ืžื” ืžืฉื›ืžื• ื•ืžืขืœื” ืžืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืขื, ื•ืขื“ ืฉื‘ื ื‘ืฉื™ื‘ืชื• ืฉืžืจ ืขืœ ืจืขื ื ื•ืชื•.

ืชื ืฆื‘”ื”

ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืœื›ื”

Shpitzer, Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shlita

ืชืคืœื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ืคืกื™ืงื•ื”ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื

ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื›ืฆืืชื™ ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ืืคืจื•ืฉ ืืช ื›ืคื™, ื•ืข’ ืจืฉ”ื™ ื›ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืžืœื ื’ื™ืœื•ืœื™ื, ื•ืฆ”ื‘ ื”ื› ืž”ืฉ ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืžื›ืช ื‘ืจื“. ื•ืชื™’ ื‘ื—”ืก ื“ื‘ืืžืช ืงืฉื” ื“ื”ืจื™ ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื’ืœื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ืฉื“ื” ืฉืžื ื™ืคืกื™ืงื•ื”ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื›ืž”ืฉ ื”ืชืจื•ื””ื“ (ืื•”ื— ืกื•ืก”ื™ ืฆ”ื“ ื‘ืจืž”ื ื•ืข”ืฉ ื‘ืž”ื‘ ืกืง”ืœ), ืืœื ืžืฉื•ื ื‘ืจื“ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ื‘ืจื“.

ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื—”ืก ื“ื”ืจื™ ื”ืชืจื•ื””ื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืจืื™ื” ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ืœื›ืชื—ืœื” ืžืžืจืข”ื”, ื•ืชื™ืงืฉื™ ื“ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ืžืชื™ืจ ืื ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื, ื•ืขื›ืฆ”ืœ ื›ืž”ืฉ ื”ื—”ืก ื“ืฉืื ื™ ืžืจืข”ื” ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ื—ืฉืฉ ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื.

ื•ืข”ืฉ ื‘ืจืž”ื ืกื•ืก”ื™ ืฆ”ื“ (ืœื’ื™ืจืกืช ื”ืž”ื‘) ืื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืกืชืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœื ื™ืคืกื™ืงื•ื”ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื, ื™ืกืชืœืง ืฉื ื•ืœื ื™ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืžืœื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขื›ื•”ื, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื ืœื• ืœื”ืกืชืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœื ื™ืคืกื™ืงื•ื”ื• ื™ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืžืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืงืจืŸ ื–ื•ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื™ื‘ืœื‘ืœื•ื”ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช.

ื•ืคื™’ ืฉื ื‘ืž”ื‘ ื‘ืฉื ื”ืชืจื•ื””ื“ ื“ืœื›ืชื—ืœื” ืœื ื™ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืžืœื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขื›ื•”ื ืฉื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื’ื™ืœื•ืœื™ื ื•ืชื•ืขื‘ื•ืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืœืฉื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื”ืจื™ ืžืจืข”ื” ืืžืจ ื›ืฆืืชื™ ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื•ื›ื•’ ื•ืœื ืจืฆื” ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืžืœืื” ื’ื™ืœื•ืœื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืžื•ืชืจ ืฉื”ืจื™ ื›ืœ ืชืคืœืชื™ื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืœืื•ืช ื’ื™ืœื•ืœื™ื. (ื•ื ืจืื” ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ื“ื›ืœ ืชืคืœืชื™ื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืœืื•ืช ื’ื™ืœื•ืœื™ื ืžื”ืš ื˜ืขืžื ื’ื•ืคื ืฉืœื ื™ืคืกื™ืงื•ื”ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื).

ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืชืจื•ื””ื“ ืžืฉืžืข ื“ืœื›ืชื—ืœื” ื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื’ื™ืœื•ืœื™ื, ื•ืจืื™ื™ืชื• ืžืžืฉื” ื“ืœื ื ื›ื ืก ืœื‘ื”ื›”ื  ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืจื•ืื” ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ืœื™ื.

ืืžื ื ื‘ืฉื•”ืช ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื“ื‘ืจ ื—”ื ืกื•ืก”ื™ ื™’ (ื•ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ื ืฆื™”ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืžื›ื™ืœืชื) ื›ืชื‘ ื“ืืฃ ืฉื”ืขื™ืจ ืžืœื ื’ื™ืœื•ืœื™ื ืž”ืž ื‘ื‘ื™ื”ื›”ื  ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื•ืืฃ ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ืœื™ื ืžื•ืชืจ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืจืฉื•ืช ืื—ืจืช ืข”ืฉ ืฉืคืกืง ื›ืŸ ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื‘ืจื“ ืžืื™ื–ื” ื˜ืขื ื”ื•ืฆืจืš ืืคืจื•ืฉ ื›ืคื™ ืœืฉืžื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ืืœื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขื™ืจ. ื•ืœื›ื’ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื“ืœื ื›ืชืจื•ื””ื“ ื“ืžืฉืžืข ื“ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ.

ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืงื•’ ื”ื—”ืก ืข”ืฉ ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื“ืืฃ ืฉื”ืขื™ืจ ืžืœื ื’ื™ืœื•ืœื™ื ืž”ืž ื‘ื‘ื™ื”ื›”ื  ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื‘ืจื“ ืžืื™ื–ื” ื˜ืขื ื”ื•ืฆืจืš ืืคืจื•ืฉ ื›ืคื™ ืœืฉืžื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ืืœื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขื™ืจ.

ื•ืง’ ืขืœ ื”ื ืฆื™”ื‘ ืžืจืฉ”ื™ ืค’ ื‘ื ื™”ื‘ ื’ ื•ื–”ืœ ื‘ืืจืฅ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื—ื•ืฅ ืœื›ืจืš ืื• ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืจืš ืช”ืœ ื›ืฆืืชื™ ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื•ื’ื•’ ื•ืžื” ืชืคืœื” ืงืœื” ืœื ื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืจืš ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ืชื”ย  ืžืœืื” ื’ืœื•ืœื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ ื›ื–ื” ืœื ื›”ืฉ ืขื›”ืœ. ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืœืคื™ ื”ื—”ืก ืœื ืงืฉื” ื“ืจืง ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื™ืคืกื™ืงื•ื”ื• ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขื™ืจ ืžืฉื”ื› ื›ืฉื”’ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื•. ืื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื ืฆื™”ื‘ ืงืฉื”. (ืฉื•”ืจ ื›”ืก ื‘ืฉื ื”ื—”ืก ืฉื”ืง’ ืขืœ ืฉืืจ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืžืจืฉ”ื™ ื”ื ”ืœ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืคื™’ ื›ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื”ื ”ืœ).

ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช - ื”"ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ" ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืœื“ื” ืžื”"ื‘ื›ื—"

Levovitz, Moreinu Hagaon Harav Nachman Shlita

‘ื•ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ืืœื•ืงื™ื ืืœ ืžืฉื” ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืืœื™ื• ืื ื™ ื”’. ื•ืืจื ืืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ืืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ื-ืœ ืฉ-ื“ื™ ื•ืฉืžื™ ื”’ ืœื ื ื•ื“ืขืชื™ ืœื”ื’ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื•’, ื‘’-ื’’) ื•ื‘ืจืฉ”ื™ ืฉื ื“ื‘ืจ ืืชื• ืžืฉืคื˜ ืขืœ ืฉื”ืงืฉื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืžื” ื”ืจืขื•ืชื” ืœืขื ื”ื–ื”, ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืืœื™ื• ืื ื™ ื”’ ื ืืžืŸ ืœืฉืœื ืฉื›ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื›ื•’ ื•ืœื ืœื—ื ื ืฉืœื—ืชื™ืš ื›ื™ ืื ืœืงื™ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืœืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ื›ื•’. ื•ืฉืžื™ ื”’ ืœื ื ื•ื“ืขืชื™ ืœื”ื ืœื ื”ื•ื“ืขืชื™ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื›ืืŸ ืืœื ืœื ื ื•ื“ืขืชื™ ืœื ื ื›ืจืชื™ ืœื”ื ื‘ืžื“ืช ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœื™ ืฉืขืœื™ื” ื ืงืจื ืฉืžื™ ื”’, ื ืืžืŸ ืœืืžืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืชื™ ื•ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžืชื™.

ืขื•ื“ ื›ืชื‘ ืจืฉ”ื™ ื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื“ืจืฉื•ื”ื• ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื” ืฉืืžืจ ืžืฉื” ืœืžื” ื”ืจืขื•ืชื” ื”ืœ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื—ื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื“ืื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ืžืฉื›ื—ื™ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืœื”ืชืื•ื ืŸ ืขืœ ืžื™ืชืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืช, ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ื ื’ืœื™ืชื™ ืืœื™ื”ื ื‘ื-ืœ ืฉ-ื“ื™ ื•ืœื ืืžืจื• ืœื™ ืžื” ืฉืžืš ื•ืืชื” ืืžืจืช ืžื” ืฉืžื• ืžื” ืื•ืžืจ ืืœื™ื”ื, ืขื™”ืฉ.

ื”ื ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืฆื ื˜ืขื ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืข”ื” ‘ืœืžื” ื”ืจืขื•ืชื”’ ื•ื›ื™ ืฉื™ื™ืš ื”ืจืขื” ืืฆืœ ื”ืงื‘”ื”, ื•ื”ืœื ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื˜ื™ื‘ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ืชื• ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืขื” ื›ืœืœ.

ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื ืืช ืขืฆื ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืžื” ืฉื™ื™ืš ืืฆืœ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื”, ืขืœ ืžื” ื•ืœืžื” ื‘ืื” ื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื”ืœื ื›ืฉืจืฆื•ื ื• ื™ืช’ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื™ื—ืคื•ืฅ. ืฉื”ืจื™ ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื”ื™ื ืจืง ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœื–ื•ืœืชื•, ืœืชืช ื”ืจื’ืฉืช ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืชืงื™ื™ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื• ื•ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืœืงื™ื™ื ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืกืžื•ืš ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืชื• ืฉืื›ืŸ ื™ืชืงื™ื™ื ื”ืžืขืฉื”. ื•ืœืขื•ืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื”. ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ืืฆืœ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื•ื”ื›ืœ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืžื” ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืชื•, ื”ื ืื™ื ื” ืžืขืœื” ื•ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ืจื™ื“ื”.

ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืค”ืข, ื•ืžื•ื›ืชืจืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืงื“ื•’ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘”ื”, ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœืื‘ื•ืช ื ื’ืœื” ืืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ืฉ-ื“ื™, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืงื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืฉื ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืื—ืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื™-ื”. ื•ื”ืจื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืข”ื™ ื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื›ืชืจ ื‘ืฉื ืื—ืจ, ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื•ื›ืชืจ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืื—ืจืช ืžืฉืžื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืงื“ื•’.

ื”ื ื” ื‘ื ื“ืจื™ื (ื˜.) ื ื—ืœืงื• ืจื‘ื™ ืžืื™ืจ ื•ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ‘ื˜ื•ื‘ ืืฉืจ ืœื ืชื“ื•ืจ ืžืฉืชื“ื•ืจ ื•ืœื ืชืฉืœื’ (ืงื”ืœืช ื”, ื“) ืฉืœื“ืขืช ืจ”ืž ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžื–ื” ื•ืžื–ื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ื•ื“ืจ ื›ืœ ืขื™ืงืจ, ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืจ”ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžื–ื” ื•ืžื–ื” ื ื•ื“ืจ ื•ืžืฉืœื. ื•ื‘ืจ”ืŸ ืฉื ืคื™ืจืฉ ื‘ื˜ืขื ืจื‘ื™ ืžืื™ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื™ืœืžื ืืชื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืชืงืœื”, ื•ื‘ื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืืจ ื”ื˜ืขื ื“ื“ืจื™ืฉ ืœื”ื• ืœืงืจืื™ ื”ื›ื™ ืืช ืืฉืจ ืชื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื•ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื” ืžืฉื•ื‘ื—ืช ืื‘ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืืฉืจ ืœื ืชื“ื•ืจ ืžืฉืชื“ื•ืจ ื•ืœื ืชืฉืœื. ื•ื ืชื‘ืืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉื›ืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืชื ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ื“ื™ืœืžื ืืชื™ ืœื™ื“ื™ ืชืงืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ืœื•ืœื™ ื—ืฉืฉ ืชืงืœื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื“ืขืช ืจ”ืž ืžืขื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ื“ืจ ืžืงื•ื“ื ื•ืื—”ื› ืœืงื™ื™ื ื ื“ืจื•. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ื•ืžืขืœื” ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื ื“ืจ.

 

ื•ื›ืŸ ืื™ืชื ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ (ื•ื™ืง”ืจ ืœ”ื–, ื’) ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื ื•ื“ืจ ื•ืžืฉืœื ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืฉื›ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื ื“ืจ ื•ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื, ืฉื ื’ (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืข”ื•) ‘ื ื“ืจื• ื•ืฉืœืžื• ืœื”’ ืืœื•ืงื™ื›ื’. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืืข”ื’ ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืขืฉื” ืž”ืž ื”ื™ื›ื ืฉืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฉื™ื™ืชื• ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžืช ื ื“ืจ, ื”ืจื™ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืฉื›ืจ ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื•ืงื™ื•ื ื”ื ื“ืจ, ื•ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื•ื”.

ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื ื ืืžืจ ืฉื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืงื™ื•ื, ื•ื”ื ื“ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื™ื‘ื ืœืชื›ืœื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื”. ื”ื› ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืฉ ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืœื ื“ื•ืจ, ืื“ืจื‘ื” ืฉื™ืขืฉื” ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืžื™ื“ ืœืœื ื”ืงื“ืžืช ื”ื ื“ืจ. ืžื”ื• ื”ืžืขืœื™ื•ืชื ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืงื™ื•ื ืžื—ืžืช ื ื“ืจื• ื•ืœื ืจืง ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื›ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื”ื• ื”ืฉื™”ืช, ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืžืงื‘ืœ ืฉื›ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื ื“ืจ ื•ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื. ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื–ื” ืฉืžืขืฉื” ื”ื ื“ืจ ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ืค”ืข, ืฉื™ื”ื ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืชื•ืœื“ื” ืžืžืขืฉื” ื ื“ืจื•.

ืืžื ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœืชืžื•ื” ื›ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ‘ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืืžืจ ื•ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืœื’ ‘ื‘ืจื•ืš ืื•ืžืจ ื•ืขื•ืฉื”’, ืฉืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืžื” ืฉื™ื™ืš ืืฆืœ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ‘ืื•ืžืจ’, ืžื” ืขื ื™ืŸ ืืžื™ืจืชื•, ื”ืื ืืฆืœ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ‘ืื•ืžืจ’ ื•ืื—”ื› ‘ืขื•ืฉื”’. ืžื” ื”ื•ื–ืงืง ืœืืžื™ืจืชื• ืงื•ื“ื ืขืฉื™ื™ืชื•, ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื—ืœืง ืž’ืขื•ืฉื”’ ืฉืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ ‘ืื•ืžืจ’.

ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื–ื” ืกื•ื“ ืžืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”, ืฉื›ืš ื‘ืจื ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื•, ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ‘ื‘ื›ื—’ ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ื ื”’ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ’ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ืฉืจืฆื•ื ื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ืœ ืงื™ื•ื ืžื•ื›ืจื— ืœื‘ื ื‘ืชื•ืœื“ื” ืžื”’ื‘ื›ื—’ ืฉืœื•, ืฉื‘ื–ื” ืงื™ื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืฉื”. ื•ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืงื‘”ื” ‘ืื•ืžืจ’ ื›ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืฉื”, ืืœื ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืง ‘ื‘ื›ื—’.

ื–ื”ื• ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘”ื”, ืฉื‘ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืงื‘ืข ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื—”ื›. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ืงื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืขืฆืžื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ืงื‘ืข ืข”ื– ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืงื“ื•’, ืฉืข”ื™ ืžื™ื“ืช ืฉ-ื“ื™ ื ืงื‘ืข ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื—ืกืจ ืืœื ื”ืฉืœืžืช ‘ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ’ ื•ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื›ืœ ืงื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื”, ืžื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฆื, ื•ื‘ืื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืื™ืŸ ื”ืงื™ื•ื ื‘ื ื‘ืฉื•ื ืื•ืคืŸ.

ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ื— ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ, ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืจื•ืื™ื ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฆืžื— ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืขืชื™ื“ื•, ืžื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื“ืื™ ืขืœ ืกื•ื’ ื”ืคืจื™ ืฉื™ื’ื“ืœ ื•ื™ืฆืžื— ืžืžื ื•, ืฉืืข”ื’ ืฉื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืจื™ ืขืฆืžื•, ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืคืจื™ ืฉืขืชื™ื“ ืœื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืืžืช ื ืžืฆื ื›ืœ ื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ, ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ื›ื— ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื”. ื•ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื›ืจื— ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ืฆืžื— ื”ื–ื” ื•ื“ืื™ ื”ื™ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ื— ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื’ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืขื•ื“ ื˜ืจื ืฉื™ืฆืื• ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื›ื™ ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื” ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ื‘ืฉื•ื ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช ื‘ืขืชื™ื“.

‘ื•ื™ื’ื“ืœ ืžืฉื” ื•ื™ืฆื ืืœ ืื—ื™ื• ื•ื™ืจื ื‘ืกื‘ืœื•ืชื ื•ื™ืจื ืื™ืฉ ืžืฆืจื™ ื•ื’ื•’ ื•ื™ืฆื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ื•ื’ื•’ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘’, ื™”ื) ื•ื‘ืจืฉ”ื™ ื•ื™ืจื ื‘ืกื‘ืœื•ืชื ื ืชืŸ ืขื™ื ื™ื• ื•ืœื‘ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ืฆืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื. ื•ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ (ืฉืžื•”ืจ ื’ ื›”ื–) ืื™ืชื ืฉืชื™ ื™ืฆื™ืื•ืช ื™ืฆื ืื•ืชื• ืฆื“ื™ืง ื•ื›ืชื‘ืŸ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื–ื• ืื—ืจ ื–ื•. (ื•ื‘ื™ืคื” ืชื•ืืจ ืคื™ืจืฉ ืฉืžื”ืืจืžื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื ืจืง ื‘’ ืคืขืžื™ื, ื•ื‘ืืœื• ื™ืฆื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืื—ื™ื•, ื•ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœืกืคืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื—ื•) ื”ื ื” ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื ืืœื• ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืชื•ืจื” ืืช ื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืข”ื”, ืœื ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืชื•ื””ืง ืžื’ื“ืœื•ืชื• ืžืฉืจืข”ื” ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื–ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืœื ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืฉืœ ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ืขื•ืœ ืขื ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•.

ื•ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื‘ื–ื”, ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ (ื“ื‘”ืจ ื”’, ื‘’) ืขื””ืค ‘ืœืš ืืœ ื ืžืœื” ืขืฆืœ ืจืื” ื“ืจื›ื™ื” ื•ื—ื›ื ืืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืงืฆื™ืŸ ื•ืžื•ืฉืœ, ืชื›ื™ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ืœื—ืžื” ืื’ืจื” ื‘ืงืฆื™ืจ ืžืื›ืœื”’ (ืžืฉืœื™ ื•’, ื•’) ืžื” ืจืื” ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš ืœืœืžื“ ืœืขืฆืœ ืžืŸ ื”ื ืžืœื”, ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืืžืจื™ ื”ื ืžืœื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœืฉื” ื‘ืชื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื•ื›ื•’ ื•ืื™ื ื” ื—ื™ื” ืืœื ืฉืฉื” ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื›ื•’ ื•ื›ืœ ืžืื›ืœื” ืื™ื ื” ืืœื ื—ื™ื˜ื” ื•ืžื—ืฆื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืžื›ื ืกืช ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืžื•ืฆืืช ื—ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื•ืฉืขื•ืจื™ืŸ ื•ืขื“ืฉื™ืŸ ื•ื›ื•’ ื•ืœืžื” ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืŸ ืฉืืžืจื” ืฉืžื ื™ื’ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœื™ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืื›ื•ืœ, ืืžืจ ืจืฉื‘”ื™ ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื™ื” ื•ืžืฆืื• ื‘ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœื” ืฉืœืฉ ืžืื•ืช ื›ื•ืจ ื•ื›ื•’ ืืฃ ืืชื ื”ืชืงื™ื ื• ืœื›ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื, ืข”ื›. ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื ืœืžื“ ืžืžืขืฉื” ื”ื ืžืœื”, ืฉืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืœืœื ื“ืขืช ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื›ืœืœ.

ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ, ืžื”ื• ‘ืจืื” ื“ืจื›ื™ื” ื•ื—ื›ื’, ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืืžืจื™ ืจืื” ื“ืจืš ืืจืฅ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื•ืจื—ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื–ืœ, ืืžืจ ืจ”ืฉ ื‘ืŸ ื—ืœืคืชื ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื ืžืœื” ืื—ืช ืฉื”ืคื™ืœื” ื—ื™ื˜ื” ืื—ืช ื•ื”ื™ื• ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืื•ืช ื•ืžืจื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื” ื•ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื ื•ื˜ืœืช ืื•ืชื”, ื‘ืื” ืื•ืชื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืฉืœื” ื•ื ื˜ืœื” ืื•ืชื” ื•ื›ื•’, ืข”ื›. ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืฉื–ื”ื• ืคืœื, ืฉื”ืœื ื•ื“ืื™ ืื™ื ื” ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ื”ื ืžืœื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื’ื–ืœ, ื•ืืข”ืค ืฉื–ื”ื• ืžืฆื•ื” ืฉื›ืœื™ืช ื•ื›ื™ ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื›ืžื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื‘ื ืžืœื”, ืœื ืœืžื“ื” ื”ื ื”ื’ืชื” ืžืฉื•ื ื‘ืจื™ื” ื•ืืขืค”ื› ืฉื•ืžืจืช ืขืฆืžื” ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื–ืœ.

ื•ืžื•ื›ืจื— ื‘ื–ื” ืฉื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืชื” ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื–ืœ ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžืฆื“ ื”’ื‘ื›ื—’ ืฉืงื™ื™ื ืืฆืœื”, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ืขืฆื ื˜ื‘ืขื” ื•ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืจื—ืงืช ืขืฆืžื” ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื–ืœ ื•ืžื—ื–ืงืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ. ื–ื”ื• ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš ืœืœืžื“ื™ื ื• ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ืื™ืŸ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœื”ืื“ื ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืืœื ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืฆืœื• ื‘’ื‘ื›ื—’, ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืขืฆื ื˜ื‘ืขื• ื•ืขืฆืžื•ืชื•, ื•ืื– ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืชื•ืœื“ื” ืžืŸ ื”’ื‘ื›ื—’ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื•, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื›ืชื™ืงื•ื ื”.

ื–ื”ื• ื’ื“ืœื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืข”ื”, ืฉื–ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ืขื•ืœ ืขื ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืืฆืœื• ื‘’ื‘ื›ื—’ – ื‘ืขืฆื ืžื”ื•ืชื• ื•ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื•. ืฉื”ืจื™ ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืžืžื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืคืœื˜ืจื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืœืš, ื•ื’ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืชื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื›ืŸ ืžืื—ื™ื• ืฉื”ืจื™ ืœื ื™ืฆื ืžืœื‘ื“ ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘’ ื™ืฆื™ืื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืชื‘ืืจ. ื•ืืขืค”ื› ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื ื”ื’ืชื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ืขื•ืœ ืขื ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•. ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืื” ื”ืชื•ื””ืง ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจืข”ื”, ืžืกืคืจืช ืขืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื• ืฉื”ื ืชื•ืœื“ื” ืžื”’ื‘ื›ื—’ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ื ืืฆืœื•, ื–ื”ื• ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืคื ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื• ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ื” ื”ืžืขืฉื”, ืืœื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื–ื›ื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื–ืืช ื‘ื ืคืฉื• ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืžื”’ื‘ื›ื—’ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ื ืืฆืœื• ื‘ืขืฆื ื˜ื‘ืขื• ื•ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื•.

ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืžืŸ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืฆืœื• ืืช ื”’ื‘ื›ื—’ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืขืฆื ื˜ื‘ืขื•, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืฆื™ื ื• ืืฆืœ ื”ื ืžืœื” ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื” ื“ืขืช ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”, ืžืจื—ืงืช ืขืฆืžื” ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื–ืœ ื•ืžื—ื–ืงืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ. ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื”’ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ’ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืงื™ื•ื, ื‘ืชื•ืœื“ื” ืžืŸ ื”’ื‘ื›ื—’.

ื›ืœ ืžืฆื•ื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื” ืืœืžืœื ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ื” ืื™ื ื” ืžืฆื•ื” ื›ืชื™ืงื•ื ื”, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืฉื ื•ื“ืจ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื”, ื›ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”’ื‘ื›ื—’, ืฉืžื–ื” ื ืžืฉืš ื”’ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ’ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ืขืฉื” ืข”ื™ ื ื“ืจื•. ื–ื”ื• ืžื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื›ื™ ื›ืŸ ืงื‘ืข ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ืชื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื›ืœ ืงื™ื•ื ืžื•ื›ืจื— ืœื‘ื ื‘ืชื•ืœื“ื” ืžื”’ื‘ื›ื—’ ืฉืœื•. ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื“ืช ืฉื›ืจ ืฉืœ ‘ื ื“ืจื• ื•ืฉืœืžื•’, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžืช ื ื“ืจ ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžืขืœื” ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ืžืฆื•ื”, ืฉื–ื”ื• ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืื“ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืชื‘ืืจ.

ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื™ื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ‘ื‘ืจื•ืš ืื•ืžืจ ื•ืขื•ืฉื”’, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื›ืŸ ืžื™ื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืฉื™ืกื“ ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”, ืฉื›ืœ ืงื™ื•ื ืžื•ื›ืจื— ืœื‘ื•ื ืžืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”’ื‘ื›ื—’ ืฉืœื•, ืœืคื ื™ ‘ืขื•ืฉื”’ ื”ื™ื” ‘ืื•ืžืจ’, ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื•ื ื— ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”’ื‘ื›ื—’. ื–ื”ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•”ืž ืขื ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื•’, ืจืง ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ืฉ-ื“ื™, ืฉื‘ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”, ืืœื ืฉืœื ื”ื•ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœืคื ื™ ืงื™ื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืžืžื ื” ื™ื‘ื•ื ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ. ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ‘ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืชื™ ื•ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžืชื™’ ืœื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืื™ื–ื” ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ื—”ื•, ืืœื ืื“ืจื‘ื” ื ื’ืœื” ืืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ืฉ-ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ื–ื” ื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื. ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ื›ื— ืœืงื™ื•ืžื• ื‘ืขืชื™ื“. ื•ืื›ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื ื’ืœื” ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืœืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืข”ื” ื‘ืฉื ื”ื•ื™-ื” ืฉืžื™ื“ื” ืื—ืจืช ื”ื™ื – ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืขืฉื”.

‘ื—ื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื“ืื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ืžืฉืชื›ื—ื™ืŸ’ ืื™ื ื• ืื™ื–ื” ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ื—”ื• ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจืข”ื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืกืžื•ืš ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื. ืืœื ืฉื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืขืœืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ืืžื™ื ื• ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื—ืกืจ ืืœื ื”ืฉืœืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื™ื•ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื•ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืจืง ืชื•ืœื“ื” ืžืŸ ื”’ื‘ื›ื—’ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ืฉ-ื“ื™.

ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื ืขืžืœ ื ืคืฉื• ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืขืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉื™ืฆืžื— ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื•ื•ื”, ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจืง ืขื•ืฉื” ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื”, ืืœื ืงื•ื‘ืข ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืืช ื”’ื‘ื›ื—’ ืฉืื– ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื”ื‘’ืคื•ืขืœ’ ื‘ืชื•ืœื“ื” ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื›ื—. ‘ื‘ืขืœ ื—ืกื“’ ืื™ื ื• ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืžืขืฉื” ื—ืกื“, ืืœื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืชื• ื‘ื–ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ืืœื ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ืขื•ืœ ืขื ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื•ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืฆืขืจ ื–ื•ืœืชื• ื‘ืขืฆื ืžื”ื•ืชื• ื•ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื•, ื•ืื– ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื ื ืชื•ืœื“ื” ืžืŸ ื”’ื‘ื›ื—’ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื•. ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœื ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ืžืฆื•ื” ื›ืชื™ืงื•ื ื” ืœื•ืœื™ ืฉืชื”ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืžืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืื“ื, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืžืขืฆืžื•ืชื• ื•ื›ืš ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช.

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Friedman, Harav Hagaon Moshe Ahron Shlita

Klal Yisrael Takes Shape

Parashas Vaโ€™eira

Harav Hagaon Moshe Aharon Friedman shlita

Parashas Vaโ€™eira begins: ื•ึธืึตืจึธื ืึถืœ ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื ืึถืœ ื™ึดืฆึฐื—ึธืง ื•ึฐืึถืœ ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ื‘ึฐึผืึต-ืœ ืฉึทื-ื“ึธึผื™ ื•ึผืฉึฐืืžึดื™ ื”’ ืœึนื ื ื•ึนื“ึทืขึฐืชึดึผื™ ืœึธื”ึถื. This is a hakdamah to the process of geulah and the ten makkos, which are split over Parashas Vaโ€™eira and Parashas Bo, with seven makkos in Vaโ€™eira and the other three in Bo.

With this hakdamah, Hakadosh Baruch Hu is saying that the Avos perceived Him with the Name ืึต-ืœ ืฉึทื-ื“ึธึผื™, but now, Heโ€™s bringing the Shem Havayah to Klal Yisrael, through Moshe Rabbeinu. The sefarim explain that ืฉึทื-ื“ึธึผื™ represents teva, nature. Tosafos discusses this idea in Chagigah, noting that the letters of ืฉึทื-ื“ึธึผื™, when spelled out fully, are shin yud nun, dalet lamed tav, and yud vav lamed, and the inner letters, without the shin, dalet, and yud add up to a gematria of 500, which is a number that represents teva. The gematria of ืคึฐึผืจื•ึผ ื•ึผืจึฐื‘ื•ึผ is 500, which is also the sum of the 248 eivarim of a man and the 252 eivarim of a woman. The Gemara, in Chagigah, teaches that the distance from earth to the rakia is 500 years, so we see that 500 is teva.

To the Avos, Hashem appeared as ืฉึทื-ื“ึธึผื™, which signifies teva: ืฉืืžืจ ืœืขื•ืœืžื• ื“ื™. Now, however, Hashem is bringing in Shem Havayah, because the process that will happen now is beyond teva. Indeed, the gematria of ื“ืฆ”ืš ืขื“”ืฉ ื‘ืื—”ื‘ is 501, which is beyond the category of teva. The ten makkos heralded into the world something that was beyond nature.

The Sfas Emes and other sefarim explain that the world was created with Asarah Maamaros, and the process of geulah culminated with Hashem giving Klal Yisrael the Aseres Hadibros โ€” and the transition between those two sets of ten was the ten makkos.

The Second Stage of Creation

Sefer Shemos has an interesting moniker. The Ramban and other Rishonim call the Chumashim by alternate names: Bereishis is called Sefer Hayetzirah, Vayikra is called Toras Kohanim, Bamidbar is called Chumash Hapekudim, and Devarim is called Mishneh Torah. The name of Sefer Shemos, however, is HaSefer Hasheini. This sounds like a generic name: the second sefer. But in truth, if Bereishis is the Sefer Hayetzirah, Shemos is the Sefer Hayetzirah Hasheini, in which a new world โ€” a Klal Yisrael world โ€” is being created.

The ten makkos give Klal Yisrael the opportunity to transition from the Asarah Maamaros to the Aseres Hadibros, as they move towards Mattan Torah.

The Gemara (Megillah 13) teaches that for Klal Yisrael, Hakadosh Baruch Hu prepares the refuah before the makkah, but for the nations of the world He does the opposite, bringing the makkah and then creating the refuah, as the passuk states (Yeshayah 19:22): ื•ึฐื ึธื’ึทืฃ ื”’ ืึถืช ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ื ึธื’ึนืฃ ื•ึฐืจึธืคื•ึนื ื•ึฐืฉึธืื‘ื•ึผ ืขึทื“ ื”’ ื•ึฐื ึถืขึฐืชึทึผืจ ืœึธื”ึถื ื•ึผืจึฐืคึธืึธื.

Yet we can suggest that this passuk is also saying something else: For the Mitzrim, the ten makkos were indeed a makkah, but for Klal Yisrael they were a refuah. The same plagues that punished Mitzrayim heralded the geulah and a new reality for Klal Yisrael.

This idea is reflected in Hashemโ€™s message to Pharaoh: ืฉึทืืœึทึผื— ืึถืช ืขึทืžึดึผื™ ื•ึฐื™ึทืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึปื ึดื™. The word ื•ึฐื™ึทืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึปื ึดื™ contains two yuds, the first of which is followed by ayin and beis, whose gematria โ€” 72 โ€” is equivalent to that of chessed, and the second of which is preceded by dalet and nun, which spell ื“ืŸ, judging. The two yuds in ื•ึฐื™ึทืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึปื ึดื™ represent the ten makkos, which were chessed for Klal Yisrael (signified by the first yud), and a punishment for the Mitzrim (signified by the second yud).

There is a machlokes among the Rishonim as to whether the first three makkos โ€” dam, tzefardeia, and kinnim โ€” affected Klal Yisrael, but most Rishonim say that Klal Yisrael did suffer from these makkos. Indeed, Yaakov Avinu did not want to be buried in Mitzrayim because he knew that the ground there would eventually turn into lice โ€” including the land in Goshen, according to many Rishonim.

Becoming Human

Arov โ€“ the first of the ืขื“”ืฉ set of makkos โ€” ushered in a new stage in the process of the makkos, as the passuk states: ื•ึฐื”ึดืคึฐืœึตื™ืชึดื™ ื‘ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ืึถืช ืึถืจึถืฅ ื’ึนึผืฉึถืืŸ. At this point, Goshen would already be differentiated from the rest of Mitzrayim โ€” something that did not happen during the first three makkos. Interestingly, the word ื•ึฐื”ึดืคึฐืœึตื™ืชึดื™ has the same gematria as the name ื™ืฉืจืืœ: 541. Klal Yisrael is now being created.

If we think of the geulah as a birth process, in the beginning the baby is still completely attached to the mother, and it slowly detaches. Similarly, in the process of the makkos, Klal Yisrael was being separated from Mitzrayim, as the passuk says regarding arov: ื•ึฐืฉึทื‚ืžึฐืชึดึผื™ ืคึฐื“ึปืช ื‘ึตึผื™ืŸ ืขึทืžึดึผื™ ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ืŸ ืขึทืžึถึผืšึธ, which is the beginning of the separation. And thatโ€™s part of the process of ื ึธื’ึนืฃ ื•ึฐืจึธืคื•ึนื โ€” Hashem was punishing Mitzrayim, while bringing a process of refuah to Klal Yisrael.

What actually happened during the makkah of arov?

The Gemara (Shabbos 151) states that a wild animal does not have power over a person unless the person appears to it as an animal (meaning that the person is not acting like a human being), as the pesukim state: ื•ึฐืึธื“ึธื ื‘ึผึดื™ืงึธืจ ื‘ึผึทืœ ื™ึธืœึดื™ืŸ ื ึดืžึฐืฉืึทืœ ื›ึผึทื‘ึผึฐื”ึตืžื•ึนืช ื ึดื“ึฐืžื•ึผ (Tehillim 49:13) and ื•ึผืžื•ึนืจึทืึฒื›ึถื ื•ึฐื—ึดืชึฐึผื›ึถื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืขึทืœ ื›ึธึผืœ ื—ึทื™ึทึผืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ (Bereishis 9:2). Furthermore, the Tochachah warns: ื•ึฐืึดื ืชึตึผืœึฐื›ื•ึผ ืขึดืžึดึผื™ ืงึถืจึดื™… ื•ึฐื”ึดืฉึฐืืœึทื—ึฐืชึดึผื™ ื‘ึธื›ึถื ืึถืช ื—ึทื™ึทึผืช ื”ึทืฉึธึผื‚ื“ึถื”. This conveys that wild animals can attack a person only when he is not behaving like an adam. But if a person does act like an adam, conducting himself with kedushah and taharah, then wild animals cannot attack him.

It could very well be that until arov, the Yidden were on the forty-ninth level of impurity, and similar to the Mitzrim in that regard. But slowly, through the process of the ten makkos, a transition took place, and when arov came, Klal Yisrael had already reached a level at which the wild animals could not attack them. By now, they had already gained a tzuras haโ€™adam that prevented these animals from having power over them.

Through the process of the makkos, Klal Yisrael took shape, and this is the reason why the makkos did not affect them.

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