TzavVayikra

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•

ื›ืืžืจื ืืœื™ื• ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื
ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืฉืงืคืชื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื ืœืื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–ืดืœ, ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืคืฉื˜ ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžืชื•ื›ื• ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืœืžืขืฉื”. ืขื™”ื– ื ืžืฆื ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ื• ืžื•ืืจื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–ืดืœ ื•ืœืื•ืจื ื™ืœืš ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื™ืคื ื” ื™ืฆืœื™ื—.

ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง “ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื›ืืžืจื ืืœื™ื• ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื”, ื•ืืžืจื• ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ: ื‘ื ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืจื—ืœ ื ืกื™ื•ื ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื•ื’ื“ืœื•ืชื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื, ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ “ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื” ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืจื“ื›ื™.

ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื–ื”, ืฉื”ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื•. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืคืฉื˜ ืฉ”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืืด โ€” ืื•ืชื• ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืขืฆืžื•. ื•ื–ื”ื• ื™ืกื•ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืฉื”ืชืžื“ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื”ืจื’ืœ ื‘ืื“ื ื•ื‘ืฉื•ื ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ื ืฆืœ ืฉื”ื”ืจื’ืœ ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืœื ื™ืขืฉื” ืจื•ืฉื. ื–ื• ื”ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื, ืฉืื—ืจื™ ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืœื ื ืฉืชื ื” ื‘ื”ื ื›ืœื•ื, ืดืœื ืงื ื•ืœื ื–ืขืด. ื–ื”ื• ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืžื‘ื”ื™ืœ ืžืื•ื“, ื›ื™ ืœื ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉืœื ื™ืขืฉื” ืจื•ืฉื ื”ืชืžื“ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ.

ื•ืฆืดืœ ืฉื–ื”ื• ื”ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ืจืข, ืืฃ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืžื• ื•ืจืง ืจื•ืื”ื•, ืืš ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉื›ื ื•ืชื• ืขืดื› ื–ื” ืคื•ืขืœ ืขืœื™ื• ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืจืข ืฉืœื ื‘ืฉื›ื ื•ืช, ืฉื‘ื—ื‘ืจ ืจืข ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ืžืฆื ืืฆืœื ื• ื‘ืฉื›ื ื•ืช ืชืžื™ื“, ื–ื”ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“. ืขืดื› ืืžืจ ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช (ื–,ื–) ืื™ืŸ ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืžื“ื”, ื•ื–ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืžืœืจืื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืข, ื•ืœื”ื™ืคืš ืœื”ืชืจื’ืœ ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘, ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ืขื•ืฉื” ืจื•ืฉื ื•ืจื™ืฉื•ืžื• ื ื™ื›ืจ, ื›ืžื• ื”ืžืขืฉื” ืขื ืจืณ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ืฉืืžืจ ืื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื—ืงื• ืžื™ื! ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื“ื• ืขืฉื• ืจื•ืฉื ื‘ืื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆืงื™ื. ื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืจื•ืฉื.

ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช ืžื—ื™ื™ืช ืขืžืœืง, ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœื”ืžื™ืช ื•ืœื ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืžืฉื•ืจ ื•ืขื“ ื—ืžื•ืจ, ืฉืœื ื™ืฉืืจ ืฉื•ื ื–ื›ืจ ืžืขืžืœืง. ื•ืœื•ืœื ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ืฉืœื ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืกื ืฉืœื, ื•ืื ื ืฉืืจ ื–ื›ืจ ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื”ืจืข ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื• ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืขื“ ื›ื™ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“. ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ืฉื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืขืจืš ืœืคืขื•ืœ. ืขืดื›.

ืžืจืŸ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ื”ื’ื”ืดืฆ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืœื•ื•ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆื•ืงืดืœ

ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื” ืชืฉืดื

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื

Maran Hamashgiach Hagaon Harav Yechezkel Levinshtein, ztโ€l

ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื–ื•ืœืช ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื
ื‘ืกืคืจ ื›ืฆืืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื• ืžื‘ื™ื ืขื“ื•ืช ืžืื—ื“ ืžืžืงื•ืจื‘ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืœื•ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ

ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ, ื•ื›ื” ืกื™ืคืจ:

ืคืขื ื™ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืžืจืŸ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ื”ื’ื””ืฆ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืœื•ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ ื›ืฉืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ื• ื”ืกื‘ื• ื›ืžื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ื• ืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉืžื—ื™ื ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื™ื•ื.

ืžืจืŸ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ื”ืฉืžื™ืข ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื ืก ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ืœืงื— ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืกื™ืง ืžื›ืš. ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืคืกื™ืงื• ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื—ืจื™ืฃ ื•ื–ืจืง ืœืขื‘ืจื• ืขืงื™ืฆื” ื—ื•ืฆืคื ื™ืช ื‘ืช ืžืกืคืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื, ืฉืœืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื” ืจืžื– ืฉืœ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืงืฉื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื—. ื”ืžืกื•ื‘ื™ื ื ื‘ื•ื›ื•. ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ืฉืžืข ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืš ืœื ื”ื’ื™ื‘ ืžืื•ืžื”.

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืœื›ื• ืฉืืจ ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื ืฉืืจืชื™ ืื ื™ ืœื‘ื“ ืขื ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื—, ืคื ื” ืืœื™ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ื•ืืžืจ ืœื™: ืœื ืื›ืคืช ื›ืœืœ ืžืขืงื™ืฆืช ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ.

ืœืฆื“ื™ืง ืืžื ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืื›ืคืช ืžืขืœื‘ื•ื ื•, ืืš ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืื›ืคืช ื•ืื›ืคืช, ื•ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ื ืชื‘ืข ืžืื•ืชื• ื‘ื—ื•ืจ, ืืฉืจ ื—ืœื” ื‘ืžื—ืœื” ื”ืงืฉื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจื—ืžื ื ืœื™ืฆืœืŸ.

ื•ื‘ืกืคืจ ‘ื”ื–ื”ืจื• ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื›ื’ ืžืกืคืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื” ืฉื ืชืŸ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ื”ื’ื””ืฆ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืœื•ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ ืงื•ื“ื ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื ืืžืจ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื—: ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืžืฉืชื ื™ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืฃ ื›ื—ื•ื˜ ื”ืฉืขืจื”, ื’ื ืขืœ ืคื•ืจื™ื ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื• ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื ืœื‘ืจื›ื” “ื›ืœ ื”ืžืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื—ืœืง ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื”.

ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืœื›ื”

Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shpitzer Shlita

ืฆื•

(ืฉื•ืืœื™ืŸ ื•ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืคืกื— ืฉืœืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื ืงื•ื“ื ื”ืคืกื—)

ืกื•ืฃ ื–ืžืŸ ืื›ื™ืœืช ืžืฆื”

ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื ื—ืœืงื• ืื™ ืงื™ื™”ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืื›ื™ืœืช ืžืฆื” ืขื“ ื—ืฆื•ืช ืื• ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ืœื”. ื•ืœื”ืœื›ื” ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืžืฆื” ืœืคื ื™ ื—ืฆื•ืช, ื•ืœืคื™ ื”ืฉื•”ืข ื’ื ืืคื™ืงื•ืžืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื—”ืก ืžืงื™ืœ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืืคื™ืงื•ืžืŸ.

ื•ื”ื ื” ื“ื ื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืื ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื•”ื˜ ืฉื ื™. ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืก’ ืื’ื•ื“ื” ื“ื’ื ื‘ื™ื•”ื˜ ืฉื ื™ ื™ืงืคื™ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื—ืฆื•ืช. ื•ืœื›ื’ ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืื ื™ืฉ ืจืื™ื” ืžืก’ ืื’ื•ื“ื”, ื“ื”ืจื™ ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ื›ืŸ ื’ื ื“ืขืช ื”ืชื•ืก’ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื“ืžืฉืžืข ื“ืคืกืงื• ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ื›ืจืื‘”ืข (ื•ืœื ื›ืชื•ืก’ ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื›”ื ื“ืžืฉืžืข ื“ื”ื•ื™ ืกืคืง, ืื‘ืœ ืข’ ืจืฉื‘”ื ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื•ืฉื•”ืช ืชืž”ื” ื‘ืฉื ืชื•ืก’ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื’ื ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืœืœ), ื•ื”ืฉืืœื” ืœื”ืœื›ื” ืื™ ื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื”ืฉื•”ืข ืžืฉื•ื ืกืคืง, ืื• ื“ืคืกืง ื›ื“ืขืช ืชื•ืก’. ื•ื‘ืืžืช ื ืจืื” ื’ื ื“ืขืช ื”ืฉื•”ืข ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ืžื˜ืขื ื•ื“ืื™, ื›ื™ ื”ืœื ื‘ืฉื•”ืข ืคืกืง ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื’ื ื‘ืืคื™ืงื•ืžืŸ, ื•ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ืจื”ืฉ, ื•ื”ืจืž”ื ืžื—ืžื™ืจ ื’ื ื‘ื”ืœืœ, ื•ืœื ื›ืชื•ืก’ ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื›”ื ืข”ื ืœื”ืงืœ ื‘ื”ืœืœ, ื•ืžืฉืžืข ื“ืคืกืง ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืœืคื ื™ ื—ืฆื•ืช (ืื• ื›ื”ืจื”ืฉ ื‘ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ื“ืื•ืœื™ ืจ”ืข ืžื•ื“ื” ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ), ื•ื”ื› ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื“ื””ื” ืœื™ืœ ื‘’.

ืื›ืŸ ื”ื—”ืก ืœื ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ืืœื ื‘ืžืฆื”, ื•ืœื ื‘ืืคื™ืงื•ืžืŸ, ื•ื›ื ืจืื” ื“ืก”ืœ ื“ื”ื•ื™ ืจืง ืกืคืง, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื”ืื ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืžืฆื” ื’ื ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื‘’.

 

(ื•ื‘ืชื•ืก’ ื”ื ”ืœ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืืคื™ืงื•ืžืŸ ื•ืข’ ื”ื’ืฉ”ืค ืฉื‘ื— ืคืกื— ืžื‘ืขืœ ืฉื•”ืช ื–ืจืข ืืžืช ืฉื”ืง’ ื“ื”ื•ื™ ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ื•ื ื“ื—ืง ื“ืกื‘ืจื™ ื›ืจืฉ”ื™ ื“ืืคื™ืงื•ืžืŸ ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื, ื•ืฆ”ืข ื›ื™ ื›ืชื‘ื• ืชื•ืก’ ืžืฆื” ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืืคื™ืงื•ืžืŸ.

ื•ืข’ ืชื•ืก’ ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื›”ื ืข”ื ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ “ื‘ืœื™ืœื™ ืคืกื—ื™ื”, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื™ืœื•ืช ื“ืขืœืžื.

(ื•ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืžื—’ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืคืกื•ืœื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื™ื•”ื˜ ืฉื ื™, ื•ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืž”ื‘ ื‘ืกืคืง ืคืกื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•”ื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืœ ื‘ืฉื ื™, ืžืฉื•ื ืก”ืก).

 

ื•ื™ื“ื•ืข ืขืฆืช ื”ืื‘ื ื™ ื ื–ืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืชื ืื™. ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื“ืœื ืžื”ื ื™ ืชื ืื™ ื›ื™ ืœืคื™ ื”ืจืžื‘”ืŸ ื”ื˜ืขื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืื›ืœ ืœืฉื•ื‘ืข ื•ื”ื› ื’ื ืื ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืขื“ ื—ืฆื•ืช ืž”ืž ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื›ื™ืœื” ืื—”ื› ื™ื”ื ืขื“ ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ.

ืžื™ื”ื• ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื™ื•”ื˜ ืฉื ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœืฆืจืฃ ื›ื™ ื‘ื‘”ื™ ื•ืžื’”ื ืกื•ืก”ื™ ืชืค”ื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืžื”ืื’ื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืฉื‘ืœื™ ื”ืœืงื˜ ืกื•ืก”ื™ ืจื™”ื— ื‘ืฉื ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ื“ืžื“ื™ื ื ื‘ื™ื•”ื˜ ืฉื ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื›ื™ืœื” ื•ืฉืชื™ื” ืื—ืจ ืืคื™ืงื•ืžืŸ, ืืœื ื“ื ื”ื’ื• ื‘ื–ื” ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ืžืงื™ืœ ื‘ื–ื” ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืขืฆืžื• ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ. ื•ืœืคื™”ื– ื‘ื™ื•”ื˜ ืฉื ื™ ืœื›ื’ ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืื‘ื ื™ ื ื–ืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืžืฆื” ืœืืคื™ืงื•ืžืŸ, ื“ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ื•ืž”ืž ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืื—”ื› ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉื‘ืœื™ ื”ืœืงื˜ ื”ื ”ืœ.

(ื•ืœืคืœืคื•ืœ ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœื•ืžืจ, ื“ืฆ”ื‘ ื‘ืื’ื•ืจ ื”ื ”ืœ ื‘ื˜ืขืžื•, ื•ื ืจืื” ื“ืก”ืœ ื›ืขื™ืŸ ืฉืžืฆื™ื ื• ื“ื™”ื ื“ืคืกื•ืœ ื—ืกืจ ื‘ืืชืจื•ื’ ื‘ื™ื•”ื˜ ืฉื ื™ ื›ืฉืจ, ื•ืขื›ืฆ”ืœ ื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื™ื•”ื˜ ืฉื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื›ื™ื•”ื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ืงื™ืœื• ื“ื”ืฆ ื›ืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ื. ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืก”ืœ ืœืื’ื•ืจ ื•ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ื“ื“ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืคื˜ื™ืจื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืคืจื˜ ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืื›ื™ืœืช ืง”ืค, ื•ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘”ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืื›ืœ ืœืฉื•ื‘ืข, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืฆ ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื•”ื˜ ืฉื ื™. ื•ืœืคื™”ื– ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื‘ื™ื•”ื˜ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืชื ืื™ ื”ืื‘ื ื™ ื ื–ืจ, ื“ื”ืจื™ ื›ืชื‘ื ื• ื“ืœืคื™ ืฉืืจ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืฉ ืชื ืื™ ื”ืื‘ื ื™ ื ื–ืจ ื•ืจืง ืœื”ืจืžื‘”ืŸ ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืชื ืื™ ื–ื”, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืœืคื™ ื”ืจืžื‘”ืŸ ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ื˜ืคื™ ืกื‘ืจืช ื”ืื’ื•ืจ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืœื”ื” ืฉืจื™ ื‘ื™ื•”ื˜ ืฉื ื™ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืื—ืจ ืื›ื™ืœืช ืืคื™ืงื•ืžืŸ).

ืื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ืงื ื™ืช ืืœื ื‘ื—ื‘ื•ืจื” โ€“ ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช

Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Refoel Shmulevitz, ztโ€l

ื. ื•ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช ืื™ืฉ ืœืจืขื”ื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ืจืขื•ืช, ื•ื›ืžืฉ”ื› ื”ื‘”ื— ืกื™’ ืชืจืฆ”ื• ืœื‘ืืจ ืžืฉ”ื› ืจืฉ”ื™ ื“ืžื—ืœืคื™ ืกืขื•ื“ืชื™ื™ื”ื• ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ืฉื ื” ืื›ืœ ื–ื” ืขื ื–ื”, ื•ืœืฉื ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืกื•ืขื“ ืขื ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ื•ื”ืง’ ืขืœื™ื• ื“ืื™ืš ื™ืฆื ื”ืื•ืจื— ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช, ื•ืชื™’ ื”ื‘”ื— ื“ื˜ืขื ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื ืฉืžื— ื•ืฉืฉ ืขื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื• ื•ืจืขื™ื•, ื•ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ืื—ื•ื” ื•ืจืขื•ืช, ื•ื”ื› ืื ื™ืกืขื“ ืขื ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื•ืจืขื•, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื‘ ืžืฉืชื” ื™ื—ื“, ื•ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ืžืขืชื” ืžื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ.

ื•ืฆ”ื‘ ื“ืืฃ ื“ื–ื” ื˜ืขื ืชืงื ืช ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช, ื•ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจื™ ืชื™ืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืžืขืฉื” ืžืฆื•ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช, ื•ืžื”ื™”ืช ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืฉืœื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืชื™ืงื ื• ื—ื–”ืœ, ื•ื”ืจื™ ื‘ื ืจ ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื“ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืคืจืกื•ืžื ื ื™ืกื,[1] ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ื™ื•ืขื™ืœ ื›ืœื•ื ืื ื™ืคืจืกื ื”ื ืก ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื—ืจ, ื•ืž”ืฉ ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช. ื•ื ืจืื” ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื‘”ื— ื“ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื›ื ืช ืื—ื•ื” ื•ืจืขื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ืจืง ื˜ืขื ืœืชืงื ืช ืžืฆื•ืช ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช, ืืœื ื–ื” ื’ื•ืคื• ื’ื“ืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื”, ื•ืข”ื› ื’ื ื›ืฉืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉื›ื ืช ืื—ื•ื” ื•ืจืขื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื—ืจ ื’”ื› ืงื™ื™ืžื• ื”ืžืฆื•ื”.

ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืขื ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืจื™ืขื•ืช ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ืฉืจ ืœืฉืžื—ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื›ื™ ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข ืงืฉื” ืœืื“ื ืœืฉืžื•ื— ืœื‘ื“ื•, ื•ืข”ื™ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ืจื™ืขื•ืช ืชื’ื“ืœ ื”ืฉืžื—ื”. ืื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•”ื˜ ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืžืฆื•ื” ืฉืžื—ื” ืžื””ืช, ืœื ืชื™ืงื ื• ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช, ื•ืจืง ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ืชื™ืงื ื•, ืข”ื› ื ืจืื” ื‘ื–ืืช ืขื ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ.

ื‘. ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืื—ื•ื” ื•ืจืขื•ืช ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื›ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื‘ื ”ื™ ืœื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™, ื•ื™ื—ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื’ื“ ื”ื”ืจ, ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ”ื™ ืฉื ื›ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ ืื—ื“, ื•ืื™ืชื ื‘ื“”ื ื–ื•ื˜ื ืคืจืง ื”ืฉืœื•ื, “ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืœื•ื, ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืกืขื•ืช ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื™ืกืขื• ื•ื™ื—ื ื•, ื ื•ืกืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื•ื—ื•ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ืื• ืœืกื™ื ื™ ื—ื ื• ื—ื ื™ื™ื” ืื—ืช, ื•ื™ื—ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืฉื ืื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื•ืื”ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื•ื ืขืฉื• ื—ื ื™ื™ื” ืื—ืช ื”ืจื™ ื”ืฉืขื” ืฉืืชืŸ ืœื”ื ืืช ืชื•ืจืชื™”. ื•ืขื™’ ืื•ื””ื— (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™”ื˜ ื’’) ื•ืขื ื™ืŸ ื’’ [ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”] ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ื”ืชื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ ืฉืœื ื•ืชืžื™ื, ืœื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• “ื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ื“”, ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ืืžืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื—ืจื‘ ืืœ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื,[2] ืืœื ื™ืชื•ืขื“ื• ื™ื—ื“ ื•ื™ื—ื“ื“ื• ื–ืœ”ื– ื•ื™ืกื‘ื™ืจื• ืคื ื™ื ื–ืœ”ื–, ื•ื›ื ื’ื“ ื–ื” ืืžืจ ื•ื™ื—ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“, ืฉื ืขืฉื• ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื›ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“, ื•ื”ื ืขืชื” ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขื›”ื“, ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืขื ื™ืŸ “ื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ื“” ืื™ื ื• ืžืฆื“ ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“, ืืœื ื”ื•ื ืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคื ”ืข, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ืงื ื™ืช ืืœื ื‘ื—ื‘ื•ืจื”. [3]

ื•ืืืžื•”ืจ ื–ืฆ”ืœ (ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจ ื™”ื˜ ืœ”ื’) ื‘ื™ืืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืื•ื””ื— ืข”ืค ืžืฉ”ื ื—ื–”ืœ (ื•ื™ืง”ืจ ืจื™ืฉ ื•ื™ืงืจื) ื”ืจ ืชื ื—ื•ืžื ื‘”ืจ ื—ื ื™ืœืื™, ื‘ื ื•ื”ื’ ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืžืฉื ืฉืงืฉื” ืœืื—ื“ ื ื•ื— ืœื ื™ื, ืงืฉื” ืœืฉื ื™ื ื ื•ื— ืœืืจื‘ืขื”, [ื•ืื™ืœื• ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”] ืžืฉื ืฉืงืฉื” ืœืก’ ืจื‘ื•ื, ื ื•ื— ืœืื—ื“ (ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื•), ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื™ืคืœื ืฉืžืฉื ื ื•ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื›ื•ื‘ื“ ืžืชื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื”ื, ื•ื›”ื ืื™ื ื• ื ื•ืฉื ืืœื ื—ืฆื™ื•, ืื‘ืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื” ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ื”ื ื”ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื, ื•ื”ืจื™ ื›”ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื•.

ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื‘ื–ื” ืขืคืžืฉ”ื› ื‘ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจ”ืŸ (ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื’) ืฉืขื•ื ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ืืžืจื• ืฉืžืขื• ื ื ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื, ืืข”ืค ืฉื›”ื ื•ืื—ื“ ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœื–ื”, ืืš ื ืขื ืฉ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื›ืš ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื•ืข”ืฉ ืฉื›’ ืฉื”ื›ืœืœ ื™ืงื ื” ืฉื‘ื— ื•ืžืขืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืžืฆื“ ืคืจื˜ื™ื• ื™ืขื•”ืฉ, ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืจื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืก’ ืจื‘ื•ื ืื™ื ื ืก’ ืจื‘ื•ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื, ืืœื ื”ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืฉื›ื—ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืก’ ืจื‘ื•ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ื•ื— ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

ืืš ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื—ื“, ื•ืœื ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ืฉืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืข”ื– ืชื ืื™, ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ื•ืœื ื›ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ ืื—ื“, ืฉืขื™”ื› ื ืขืฉื™ื ื›ื•ืœื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื—ื“, ื•ื›”ื” ื‘ืชื ื—ื•ืžื (ื ืฆื‘ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ืื•ืช ื’) ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœืš ื”’ ืœืื•ืจ ืขื•ืœื, ืื™ืžืชื™ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืชื”ื™ื• ื›ื•ืœื›ื ืื’ื•ื“ื” ืื—ืช, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ื•ืœื›ื ื”ื™ื•ื, ื‘ื ื•ื”ื’ ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื ืื ื ื•ื˜ืœ ืื“ื ืื’ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืงื ื™ื ื•ื›ื•’ ื•ื›ืŸ ืืชื” ืžื•ืฆื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื’ืืœื™ื ืขื“ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ื•ืœื ืื’ื•ื“ื” ืื—ืช ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ื›ื•’, ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ืื’ื•ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืคื ื™ ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืขื›”ืœ. ื”ืจื™ ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืฉื”ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืคื ื™ ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉืข”ื™ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืื’ื•ื“ื” ืื—ืช, ื•ื–ื”ื• ืžืฉ”ื ื‘ื“ื”ื– ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื”ื‘ื• ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื•ื›ื•’ ื•ื ืขืฉื• ื—ื ื™ื™ื” ืื—ืช ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื”ืฉืขื” ืฉืืชืŸ ืœื”ื ืชื•ืจืชื™, ืขื›”ื“ ืืืžื•”ืจ ื–ืฆ”ืœ.

ื’. ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”’ ื—”ื“ ืค”ื– ืื•ืช ื•’ ื‘ื™ืืจ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื ื• ื‘ื”ื ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื, ื•ื”ื ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื, ื”ื•ื “ืฉื›ืœ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉื ืชืงืŸ ื•ืื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื”ืื™ืจ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”ื–ืžื ื™ื, ื‘ืฉื•ื‘ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื•ื, ื™ืื™ืจ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืžืขื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื•ืชื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืชื•ืขืœืช ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื•ื›ื•, ื•ืข”ื› ื ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื›ื•ืœื”. ื•ืฉื ืค”ื— ืื•ืช ื’’ ื›ืชื‘ “ืขื ื™ืŸ ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื•ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืžืื™ืจ ื‘ืžื™ืžื™ื ื”ื”ื, ื›ืคื™ ื”ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ืชืงื ื• ื‘ื”ื, ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื‘ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืชื›ื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื”’, ื•ื ืชื—ื–ืงื• ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื ืฉื‘ื• ืœืชื•ืจื” ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื›ื•’, ื•ืคื•ืจื™ื ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆืœืชื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ ื•ื—ื–ืจืช ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื—ื–ืจื• ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืขื•ืœื, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžื•ืจ ื—ื–”ืœ ื”ื“ืจ ืงื™ื‘ืœื•ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืื—ืฉื•ืจื•ืฉ”.

ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืž”ืช, ื•ื›ืžืฉ”ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช (ืค”ื— ื’) ืžืœืžื“ ืฉื›ืคื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ืจ ื›ื’ื’ื™ืช ื•ื›ื•’, ืืžืจ ืจืื‘”ื™ ืžื›ืืŸ ืžื•ื“ืขื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื, ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื ืืขืค”ื› ื”ื“ืจ ืงื‘ืœื•ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืื—ืฉื•ืจื•ืฉ ื•ื›ื•’, ื•ื‘ื™ืืจ ืืืžื•”ืจ (ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจ ื›”ื” ืœ”ื) ืฉื‘ื™ืžื™ ืื—ืฉื•ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœื“ืจื’ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืžื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืฉืขืช ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉืข”ื™ ื”ืกื›ื ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืื™ื™ืžื” ืขืœื™ื”ื, ื ืฉื›ื—ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืงืคื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืขืจื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืื“ื ืขืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉืขืช ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื’ืžื•ืจื” ื•ืข”ื› ื–ื›ื• ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช, ืขื›”ื“ ืืืžื•”ืจ ื–ืฆ”ืœ.

ื•ืขื™’ ื”ื’ืจ”ื ืืกืชืจ ื˜’ ื˜”ื– ืฉืคื™’ ื•ืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื ืคืฉื, ืคื™’ ื‘ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื’ืžื•ืจื”, ื•ืฉื ื›”ื’ ืคื™’ ื•ืงื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื•ื’ื•’ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื›ืื—ื“. ื•ื”ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืฉืข”ื™ ื•ืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื ืคืฉื ื›ื•ืœื ื›ืื—ื“, ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื›ื•ืœื ื›ืื—ื“, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ ื•ื‘ืœื‘ ืื—ื“.

ื“. ื•ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื“ืจืš ื”’ ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื›ืช ืื•ืจ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ื–ื”ื• ื˜ืขื ืžืฆื•ืช ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช, ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ืจื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืข”ื– ื ื–ื›ื” ืœื”ืžืฉื›ืช ืื•ืจ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

[1] ื•ื›ืžืฉ”ื› ื”ืจืžื‘”ื ืค”ื’ ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื””ื’ “ื•ืžื“ืœื™ืงื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืขืœ ืคืชื—ื™ ื”ื‘ืชื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื™ืœื” ื•ืœื™ืœื” ืžืฉืžื•ื ืช ื”ืœื™ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื•ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื”ื ืก”, ื•ื‘ืค”ื“ ื”ื™”ื‘ “ืžืฆื•ืช ื ืจ ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ืžืฆื•ื” ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืขื“ ืžืื“ ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืื“ื ืœื”ื–ื”ืจ ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื”ื ืก ื•ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ืฉื‘ื— ื”ืืœ ื•ื”ื•ื“ื™ื” ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื ืฉืขืฉื” ืœื ื•, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžื” ื™ืื›ืœ ืืœื ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื“ืงื” ืฉื•ืืœ ืื• ืžื•ื›ืจ ื›ืกื•ืชื• ื•ืœื•ืงื— ืฉืžืŸ ื•ื ืจื•ืช ื•ืžื“ืœื™ืง”.

[2] ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช (ืก”ื’ ืข”ื‘) ื”ืกื›ืช ื•ืฉืžืข ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ืกื›ืช, ืขืฉื• ื›ืชื•ืช ื›ืชื•ืช ื•ืขื™ืกืงื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืœืคื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ืงื ื™ืช ืืœื ื‘ื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ื›ื“ืจ”ื™ ื‘ืจ”ื— ื“ืืžืจ ืจ”ื™ ื‘ืจ”ื— ื—ืจื‘ ืืœ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ื ื•ืืœื•, ื—ืจื‘ ืขืœ ืฉื•ื ืื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืช”ื— ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ื“ (ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื“ื) ื•ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”.

ื•ื‘ืžืื™ืจื™ ืฉื ื•ื–”ืœ ืœืขื•ืœื ื™ืขืฉื” ืื“ื ืœืขืฆืžื• ื—ื‘ืจ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืขืžื•, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืคืœืคื•ืœ ืžืฆื•ื™ ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ ืืœื ื›ืฉื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืžืขื•ืจืจื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉืืžืจื• ืื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืชื•ืงื ืช [ื ืงื ื™ืช?] ืืœื ื‘ื—ื‘ื•ืจื”.

[3] ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื”ื ”ืœ ื‘ื™ืืจ ืืืžื•”ืจ ื“ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืœื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื›ืœ ืฉืžืชืื’ื“ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ืžืชื’ื“ืœ ื›ื—ื, ื•ื›ืžืฉ”ื ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื•ืจื“ืคื• ืžื›ื ื—ืžืฉื” ืžืื”, ื•ืžืื” ืžื›ื ืจื‘ื‘ื” ื™ืจื“ื•ืคื• (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›”ื• ื—), ื•ื‘ืชื•”ื› ืฉื ื•ื›ื™ ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืืœื ืžืื” ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืืœืคื™ื ื™ืจื“ื•ืคื•, ืืœื ืื™ื ื• ื“ื•ืžื” ืžื•ืขื˜ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืžืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืจื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืฉืžืกืคืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื’ื•ื“ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชื’ื“ืœ ื›ื—ื” ืคื™ ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื”. ื•ืœืค”ื– ืžืฉ”ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ืงื ื™ืช ืืœื ื‘ื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื””ื– ืžืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื”, ื•ื›ืžืฉ”ื ื—ื–”ืœ ืื™ื ื• ื“ื•ืžื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื›ื•’.

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Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shpitzer Shlita

Identifying the Source

Purim

Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shpitzer Shlita

 

After reading the Megillah, we sing: ืฉืื•ึนืฉึทืื ึทึผืช ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ืฆึธื”ึฒืœึธื” ื•ึฐืฉึธื‚ืžึตื—ึธื”, ื‘ึดึผืจึฐืื•ึนืชึธื ื™ึทื—ึทื“ ืชึฐึผื›ึตืœึถืช ืžึธืจึฐื“ึฐึผื›ึธื™. Klal Yisrael are called โ€œa rose of Yaakov,โ€ and the description ืฆึธื”ึฒืœึธื” ื•ึฐืฉึธื‚ืžึตื—ึธื” comes from the passuk in the Megillah that says: ื•ึฐื”ึธืขึดื™ืจ ืฉืื•ึผืฉืึธืŸ ืฆึธื”ึฒืœึธื” ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึธืžึตื—ึธื”. There are many ways of referring to Klal Yisrael: we are called Am Yisrael, or Bnei Yisrael, or, in the Megillah, Yehudim. The meforshim therefore wonder why, in Shoshanas Yaakov, we are referred to as โ€œYaakov.โ€

 

The ืชึฐึผื›ึตืœึถืช ืžึธืจึฐื“ึฐึผื›ึธื™ mentioned in the song finds its source in the passuk:ื•ึผืžึธืจึฐื“ึผึณื›ึทื™ ื™ึธืฆึธื ืžึดืœึผึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึทืžึผึถืœึถืšึฐ ื‘ึผึดืœึฐื‘ื•ึผืฉื ืžึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืช ืชึผึฐื›ึตืœึถืช ื•ึธื—ื•ึผืจ ื•ึทืขึฒื˜ึถืจึถืช ื–ึธื”ึธื‘ ื’ึผึฐื“ื•ึนืœึธื”. But why, of all the things that Mordechai was wearing, is techeiles singled out?

 

In order to understand this, let us analyze a well-known Gemara. The Megillah introduces Mordechai with the words: ืึดื™ืฉื ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึดื™ ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืฉืื•ึผืฉืึทืŸ ื”ึทื‘ึผึดื™ืจึธื” ื•ึผืฉืึฐืžื•ึน ืžึธืจึฐื“ึผึณื›ึทื™. The simple meaning of the phrase ish Yehudi is that Mordechai came from Shevet Yehudah. But then the passuk goes on to say that he was an ish Yemini, from Shevet Binyamin:ื‘ึผึถืŸ ื™ึธืึดื™ืจ ื‘ึผึถืŸ ืฉืึดืžึฐืขึดื™ ื‘ึผึถืŸ ืงึดื™ืฉื ืึดื™ืฉื ื™ึฐืžึดื™ื ึดื™. Which one is it? asks the Gemara. Was he from Yehudah, or from Binyamin?

 

The Gemara gives a fascinating answer. Mordechai really came from Binyamin โ€“ he descended from Shimi ben Geira, as the passuk says: ื‘ึผึถืŸ ืฉืึดืžึฐืขึดื™. So why is he referred to as ish Yehudi? The Gemara explains that itโ€™s because of the incident in which Shimi ben Geira cursed Dovid Hamelech and called him all sorts of names, as the passuk says: ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ืงึดืœึฐืœึทื ึดื™ ืงึฐืœึธืœึธื” ื ึดืžึฐืจึถืฆึถืช. Dovidโ€™s soldiers wanted to kill Shimi ben Geira, but Dovid stopped them, saying: ื”’ ืึธืžึทืจ ืœื•ึน ืงึทืœึผึตืœ (II Shmuel, 16:10). โ€œHakadosh Baruch Hu decreed that Shimi should curse me,โ€ Dovid said. โ€œSince everything he is saying is coming from Hakadosh Baruch Hu, I have no reason to take revenge against Shimi himself.โ€ Because of Dovidโ€™s courageous restraint, Shimiโ€™s life was saved, which allowed his descendant, Mordechai, to be born. In that sense, Shevet Yehudah โ€“ to which Dovid Hamelech belonged โ€“ deserved the credit for Mordechaiโ€™s existence and the redemption he ultimately brought about.

 

The meforshim explain that when Dovid Hamelech said ื”’ ืึธืžึทืจ ืœื•ึน ืงึทืœึผึตืœ, he didnโ€™t actually hear Hakadosh Baruch Huโ€™s voice telling Shimi to curse. Rather, he understood that Hashem had decided that this should happen to him.

 

The Sefer Hachinuch (Mitzvah 251) uses this idea to explain the basis for the Torahโ€™s commandment of ืœึนื ืชึดืงึผึนื, the prohibition against taking revenge. Why shouldnโ€™t a person take revenge after someone wronged him? The answer is that regardless of whether the other person was justified in wronging you, and regardless of his intentions, whatever happened to you was decreed in heaven, and Hashem was the one who decreed that you should suffer that pain. A true maamin understands that every bit of success โ€“ or lack of thereof โ€“ comes directly from Hakadosh Baruch Hu, and he therefore has no reason to get angry or take revenge, just as Dovid saw no reason to kill Shimi ben Geira.

 

This concept is reflected in the continuation of Shoshanas Yaakov, when we say: ืึธืจื•ึผืจ ื”ึธืžึธืŸ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื‘ึดึผืงึตืฉื ืœืึทื‘ึฐึผื“ึดื™, ื‘ึธึผืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืžึธืจึฐื“ึฐึผื›ึทื™ ื”ึทื™ึฐึผื”ื•ึผื“ึดื™. When we curse Haman, we curse his middos, including his middah of blaming others for his troubles. How does Haman react when heโ€™s in a difficult situation? He says:ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื‘ึดึผืงึตืฉื ืœืึทื‘ึฐึผื“ึดื™ ย โ€“ somebody is out to get me, somebody insulted me. On the other hand, we praise and look up to Mordechai, who is called Mordechai Hayehudi because he personified Dovid Hamelechโ€™s middah of seeing past the person who wants to hurt Klal Yisrael and understanding that everything comes from Hashem. Mordechai understood that when there is a tzarah, it comes from Hakadosh Baruch Hu. Therefore, when he learned of Hamanโ€™s plot to annihilate the Jewish people, his reaction was not to fight against Haman and Achashverosh, but rather to do teshuvah and daven.

 

The meforshim wonder why Mordechai declared a taanis immediately after Hamanโ€™s decree was announced. It was Nissan at the time, and 13 Adar โ€“ Hamanโ€™s chosen date for killing out the Jews โ€“ was almost a full year away. Why did Mordechai have to call for fasting and prayer immediately?

 

Following Dovid Hamelechโ€™s lead, Mordechai interpreted Hamanโ€™s decree as ื”’ ืึธืžึทืจ ืœื•ึน ืงึทืœึผึตืœ โ€“ Hashem created this situation because He wanted us to do teshuvah. Had Hashem wanted Klal Yisraelโ€™s teshuvah only months later, Mordechai reasoned, then He would have revealed the tzarah then. The fact that the tzarah was announced so far in advance meant that Hashem was sending a message to Klal Yisrael to do teshuvah immediately.

 

Techeiles Points the Way

Dovid Hamelechโ€™s reaction to Shimi ben Geira is reflected in the mitzvah of techeiles. Techeiles resembles the sea, which resembles the kisei hakavod, and through wearing techeiles a person is reminded at all times of Hakadosh Baruch Hu. Dovid Hamelech internalized the lesson of techeiles, viewing Shimiโ€™s curse as coming directly from Hashem.

 

The Meshech Chochmah explains that Klal Yisrael are called โ€œYisraelโ€ when things are going well for them, when we see Hashemโ€™s Hashgachah. During difficult times, Klal Yisrael are called โ€œYaakov,โ€ as we see in the passuk: ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ืึฑืœึนืงึดื™ื ืœึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึผึฐืžึทืจึฐืึนืช ื”ึทืœึผึทื™ึฐืœึธื” ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘. At the time of that vision, Yaakov Avinu โ€“ referred to at the beginning of the passuk as Yisrael โ€“ was descending to Mitzrayim. Hashem appeared to him ื‘ึผึฐืžึทืจึฐืึนืช ื”ึทืœึผึทื™ึฐืœึธื” โ€“ at night, figuratively at a time of difficulty โ€“ and addressed him by the name Yaakov, the name suited for galus.

 

Shoshanas Yaakov, โ€œthe rose of Yaakov,โ€ is a reference to the beauty of Klal Yisrael, the exemplary middos that Klal Yisrael display in a situation of โ€œYaakov,โ€ when things are not going well for us. This beautiful behavior happens ื‘ืจืื•ืชื ื™ื—ื“ ืชื›ืœืช ืžืจื“ื›ื™ โ€“ when we see Mordechai, who owes his existence to Dovid Hamelechโ€™s correct reaction, wearing techeiles, which signifies his awareness that everything that happens comes from Hakadosh Baruch Hu. Thatโ€™s why the techeiles of Mordechai is singled out of all his garments for mention in Shoshanas Yaakov.

 

When Klal Yisrael came to this recognition, they reaccepted the Torah with love, as the Megillah states: ืงึดื™ึผึฐืžื•ึผ ื•ึฐืงึดื‘ึผึฐืœื•ึผ ื”ึทื™ึผึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึดื™ื ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื. This second naaseh venishma arose from their newfound awareness that Hakadosh Baruch Hu is with us and guides us in every situation. Their recognition that the tzarah of Haman was really coming from Hakadosh Baruch Hu is what spurred them to reaccept the Torah, out of the love that was spurred by the miracle Hashem had done for them.

 

The miracle of Purim reoccurs in every generation, as the Megillah states: ืœึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืช ืขึนืฉื‚ึดื™ื ืึตืช ืฉืึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึทื™ึผึธืžึดื™ื ื”ึธืึตืœึผึถื” ื›ึผึดื›ึฐืชึธื‘ึธื ื•ึฐื›ึดื–ึฐืžึทื ึผึธื ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืฉืึธื ึธื” ื•ึฐืฉืึธื ึธื”. Klal Yisrael undertook to reconfirm their acceptance of the Torah annually on Purim, because every year we have to learn this lesson anew.

 

In the brachah we say after reading the Megillah โ€“ ื”ึทืจึธื‘ ืึถืช ืจึดื™ื‘ึตื ื•ึผ โ€“ we praise Hakadosh Baruch Hu for fighting our fights, in the present tense. This differs from the praise of Hashem that we say in Al Hanissim on Chanukah: ืจึทื‘ึฐืชึธึผ ืึถืช ืจึดื™ื‘ึธื, You fought their fights, in the past tense. The miracles that Hakadosh Baruch Hu performed during the story of Purim โ€“ hidden miracles, miracles of hester panim โ€“ endure until our time, as weโ€™re still in a situation of โ€œShoshanas Yaakov.โ€ If we see the yad Hashem and notice Hashemโ€™s Hashgachah, understanding the message of the techeiles of Mordechai โ€“ that everything comes from Hashem, as Dovid Hamelech taught โ€“ and using this message as a catalyst for teshuvah, then we will be zocheh to see the geulah sheleimah speedily: ื‘ึดึผืจึฐืื•ึนืชึธื ื™ึทื—ึทื“ ืชึฐึผื›ึตืœึถืช ืžึธืจึฐื“ึฐึผื›ึธื™.

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