BereishisToldos

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•

Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Aryeh Finkel, ztโ€l

ื•ื™ืขืชืจ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืœื”’ ืœื ื•ื›ื— ืืฉืชื• ื›ื™ ืขืงืจื” ื”ื™ื ื•ื™ืขืชืจ ืœื• ื”’ (ื›ื”, ื›ื)
ืจืฉ”ื™: ื•ื™ืขืชืจ – ื”ืจื‘ื” ื•ื”ืคืฆื™ืจ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”. ื•ื™ืขืชืจ ืœื• – ื ืชืคืฆืจ ื•ื ืชืคื™ื™ืก ื•ื ืชืคืชื” ืœื•.
ื‘ื™ืืจ ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืืจื™ื” ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื”: ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื–ื• ืชืคื™ืœื” ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื–ื• ืชืคื™ืœื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืชืคื™ืœื” ืœืœื™ื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืœืฉื ื›ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื™ื” ื™ืฆื—ืง ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืคืฆื™ืจ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืขื“ ืฉื”ืงื‘”ื” ื ืชืคืฆืจ ื•ื ืชืคื™ื™ืก ืœื• ื•ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื” ืชืคื™ืœืชื•.

ื•ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื”ืงื‘”ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœืื‘ืจื”ื (ืœืขื™ืœ ื›ื, ื™ื˜): “ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื—ืง ื™ืงืจื ืœืš ื–ืจืข”, ื•ื›ืŸ (ื›ื‘, ื™ื–): “ื›ื™ ื‘ืจืš ืื‘ืจื›ืš ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืืจื‘ื” ืืช ื–ืจืขืš”, ื•ื›ืŸ (ืฉื): “ื•ื™ืจืฉ ื–ืจืขืš ืืช ืฉืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื•”, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื ื‘ืจืื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื–”ืœ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ื, ื): “ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘ืจื – ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื ืงืจืื• ืจืืฉื™ืช”, ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ, ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื–ื• ืกืชื ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืคืฆื™ืจ, ื•ืจืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื ืขื ื”, ื•ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืจื‘ื” ื•ืžืคืฆื™ืจ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื•, ื•ื—”ื• ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉืœืœื ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืœื ื ืขื ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื, ื•ืืฃ ืื ื›ืœ ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืฉื ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื”, ืืš ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ืกืจื” ืชืคื™ืœื” – ืœื ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœื›ืš. ื•ืœื ื“ื™ ื‘ืกืชื ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืืœื ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืคืฆื™ืจ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”.

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื

ื”ืงืžืช ‘ื•ืขื“ ื”ื”ืฆืœื”’
ื‘ืฉื ืช ืช”ืฉ, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื—ืฉืฃ ‘ื”ืกื›ื ืจื™ื‘ื ืจื•ืค-ืžื•ืœื•ื˜ื•ื‘’ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื•ืกื™ื” ืœื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื•ืžื“ื™ื ืช ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืœืงื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ, ื”ืชื’ืœืชื” ื’ื ื™ื“ ื”ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ืคืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืœื”ืกื›ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืข”ื› ืฉื”ืขื™ืจ ื•ื™ืœื ื” ืชืงื‘ืœ ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ืชื—ืช ืฉื™ืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืžืฉืœืช ืœื™ื˜ื, ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ื—ื“ืœื” ืžืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื. ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื•ืช, ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืื“ืžื•ืจื™”ื ื ืžืœื˜ื• ืœื•ื™ืœื ื” ืžืื™ืžืช ื”ืจื•ืกื™ื ื•ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ื ื™ืž”ืฉ. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื•ื™ืœื ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื’ื ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืžื™ืจ.

ืจื•ื‘ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื•ื™ืœื ื” ื›ืฉื”ื ื—ืกืจื™ ื›ืœ ืžืžืฉ. ื‘ืžืจื•ืฆืช ื”ื‘ื”ืœื” ืœื”ื™ืžืœื˜ ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื, ื”ืฉืื™ืจื• ืืช ื›ืœ ืจื›ื•ืฉื ืžืื—ื•ืจ ื•ื ืžืœื˜ื• ืœ”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืžืงืœื˜” ื•ื™ืœื ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกืคื™ืง ื•ืœื”ืงืœื˜ ื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืกื’ื™ืจืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช.

ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ื™ืœื ื” ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื‘ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช ืคืชื•ื—ื•ืช ืืช ืื—ื™ื”ื ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื, ืื•ืœื ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื ืคืœ ืขืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™, ื•ืจื›ื•ืฉื ืื™ื‘ื“ ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ืขืจื›ื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืฆื‘ื ื”ืจื•ืกื™ ืฉืฉืœื˜ ื‘ื•ื™ืœื ื”, ื‘ื–ื– ืœืคื ื™ ืฆืืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืกื ื™ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื—ื–ื™ืช ื•ื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœืœื ืื•ื›ืœ. ืืคื™ืœื• ืงืžื— ืœืืคื™ื™ืช ืœื—ื ืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื•ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืœืง ื‘ืฆืžืฆื•ื ืœื›ืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื”. ื”ืจืขื‘ ื”ื•ืจื’ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื”, ืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ื™ืœื ื” ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืœื‘ื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœ ืื—ื–ืงืชื ืฉืœ ืืœืคื™ ืื—ื™ื”ื ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืขื™ืจื.

ืืช ืขื•ืœ ื”ื“ืื’ื” ืœืื—ื–ืงืช ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืžืจืŸ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืขื•ื–ืจ ื’ืจื•ื“ื–’ื™ื ืกืงื™ ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื”ื•ืœ ืฉืœื— ื”ื’ืจื—”ืข ืžื‘ืจืง ืœื™ื“ื™ื“ื• ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืกื™ืœื‘ืจ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ืฉื›ื™ื”ืŸ ื›ืจื‘ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืกื™ื ืกื™ื ื˜ื™ ืฉื‘ืื•ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืืจื””ื‘. ื‘ืžื‘ืจืง ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื•ื™ืœื ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืืช ืขื–ืจืชื ื”ื ื“ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืืจื””ื‘.

ืžื™ื“ ืขื ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืžื‘ืจืง ืื™ืจื’ืŸ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืกื™ืœื‘ืจ ื›ื™ื ื•ืก ืขื ืง ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ‘ืื’ื•ื“ืช ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”’. ื”ื›ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง ื‘ืจ”ื— ื›ืกืœื• ืช”ืฉ ื•ื”ืฉืชืชืคื• ื‘ื• ืžืื•ืช ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืœืฆื“ ืขืกืงื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื. ืื—ืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื›ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืงืžืช ‘ื•ืขื“ ื”ื”ืฆืœื”’ ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื• ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื”ื ื“ื›ืื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ืืคืฉืจื™ืช. ืœื ืฉื™ื ‘ื•ืขื“ ื”ื”ืฆืœื”’ ื ื‘ื—ืจ ื”ื’ืจ”ื ืกื™ืœื‘ืจ ื–ืฆ”ืœ.

ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืœื›ื”

Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shpitzer Shlita

ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช

ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ืขืฉื•

ืข’ ื‘”ืจ ืก”ื” ื™”ื’ ืฉื ื ื ื›ืœื™ืš, ืฉื—ื– ืžืื ื™ ื–ื™ื ืš ืฉืœื ืชืื›ื™ืœื ื™ ื ื‘ื™ืœื” ื•ื˜ืจื™ืคื”. ื•ืฆ”ื‘ ื”ืจื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ืื›ืœ ืžืฆื™ื“ื• ื•ืžืื™ ืฉื ื ื”ื™ื•ื.

ื•ืข’ ืžื”ืจืฉ”ื ื‘ืก’ ื“ืข”ืช ื”ืœ’ ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืงื•ื ’ ืฉืขืจื™ ืฉืœื•ื ืกื•ืฃ ืื•ืช ื’ ืฉืชื™’ ื“ื”ื•”ื ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื ื‘ื™ืœื” ืžืฉื•ื ื–ื•ื”ืžื, (ื•ืข’ ืจื™ืงื ื˜ื™ ืค’ ืจืื”), ื•ื”ืจื™ ืข”ื™ ืฆืœื™ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื•ื”ืžื.

ื•ืข’ ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืœ’ ืข”ื‘ ื“ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื—ืฅ ื›ืฉืจ, ื•ืข”ืฉ ื“ืžืฉืง ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ, ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืฉื™ื—ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืขืž’ ืค”ื•, ื“ื›ืฉืจ ืจืง ื‘ืื•ืžืŸ ืœื–ื”, ื•ื›ืžื• ืขืฉื• ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื• ื•ืฆื•ื“ื” ืœื™ ืฆื™ื“. ื•ื›ืขื™”ื– ืคื™’ ื‘ืจื“”ืœ ืขืœ ื‘”ืจ ืก”ื” ื™”ื’ ืื•ืชย  ื˜’. ื•ืข’ ื›ืจื ื”ืฆื‘ื™ ื“ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื›ืืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฆื™ื“, ืžืฉื”ื› ื‘ื ืžืจื•ื“ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืจืง ื’ื‘ื•ืจ ืฆื™ื“.

ืื›ืŸ ื‘ืจืฉ”ื™ ืžืฉืžืข ืœื”ืฉื—ื™ื– ื”ืกื›ื™ืŸ, ื•ื“ืจืฉ ืชืœื™ืš ื”ื•ื ื—ืจื‘, ื•ืœืคื™ ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืจืฉ”ื™ ืฆ”ืœ ืฉื™ืชืคื•ืก ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืงืฉืชย  ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื˜ืจื™ืคื”.

ื•ืข’ ื—”ืก ื™ื•”ื“ ื˜”ื• ื›ื™ ื™ื“ืข ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืื›ื™ืœื• ืœื™ืขืงื‘ ื ื‘ื™ืœื”, (ื•ืข’ ืื’”ืž ื™ื•”ื“ ื—”ื‘ ืž”ื’ ืœืกืžื•ืš ื‘ื›ื””ื’), ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืžื ื™ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื ื•ื ื™ืช ืžืžื” ืฉืฉื—ื˜ ืขืฉื• ืงื•ื“ื ืœืขืฆืžื•, ื•ื‘ืขืœืžื ื‘ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ื”ืจื™ ื™ืฉ ื”ื“ื—ื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืœืคื ื™ ืžืœื™ื—ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืฆืœื™ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื—ื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืžืจ ืœื• ืœื ืงื•ืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื•ืœืฉืคืฉืฃ ื”ืกื›ื™ืŸ.

ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ืฉ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ืชืื›ื™ืœื ื™ ื ื‘ื™ืœื” ื•ื˜ืจื™ืคื”, ื•ืœื ืืžืจ ืœื• ืฉืœื ื™ื‘ื™ื ื ื‘ื™ืœื”, ืืœื ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืžืื›ื™ืœื• ืžื”ืกื›ื™ืŸ.

(ื•ืข”ืฉ ื‘ื—”ืก ื“ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื—ื™ื˜ืช ืžื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ืขืฉื• ืœื ื™ืขืฉื” ื ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœื™ืฆื—ืง. ื•ื›”ื– ื”ืฉ ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจืฉ”ื™ ืžืฉื•ื ื—ืฉืฉ ื ื‘ื™ืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ืœืชื•ืก’ ื’’ ืข”ื‘ ื•ื”ืจื”ืฉ ืกื™’ ื–’ ืžืฉื•ื ืœืื• ื‘ืจ ื–ื‘ื™ื—ื” ืœื›ื’ ืง’.

ื•ื‘ื—”ืก ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื• ืฉื™ื“ืข ืฉืขืฉื• ืžื•ืžืจ ืืœื ืฉืกืžืš ืฉืœื ื™ืื›ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื” ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืฉื—ื™ื– ื”ืกื›ื™ืŸ, ื•ืข”ืข ื“ืขืช ื–ืงื ื™ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ืฆื•ื“ื” ืœื™ ืฆื™ื“ื” ืขื ื”’ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืืžืจ ืœื• ื”’ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื”.

ื•ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืฉื—ื™ื˜ืช ืžื•ืžืจ, ื™ืฉ ืฉืฆื™ืจืฆื• ืฉื™ืฆื—ืง ื”ื™ื” ืกื•ืžื ื•ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืž”ืข, ืœืคื™ ืžื”ืจ”ืœ ื‘ืชืคืืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืค”ื› ืฉืื‘ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื• ืจืง ืž”ืข ื•ืœื ืœ”ืช.

ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืœืขืฉื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื”

Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Nosson Tzvi Finkel ztโ€l

“ื•ื™ื’ื“ืœื• ื”ื ืขืจื™ื ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืขืฉื• ืื™ืฉ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฆื™ื“ ื•ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื™ืฉ ืชื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืื”ืœื™ื” (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื”, ื›ื–). ื•ื‘ืจืฉ”ื™: ‘ืื™ืฉ ืฉื“ื” – ื›ืžืฉืžืขื• ืื“ื ื‘ื˜ืœ ื•ืฆื•ื“ื” ื‘ืงืฉืชื• ื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ืขื•ืคื•ืช’. ‘ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืื”ืœื™ื, ืื”ืœื• ืฉืœ ืฉื ื•ืื”ืœื• ืฉืœ ืขื‘ืจ’.

ืžื‘ื•ืืจ, ืฉื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืœืขืฉื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžื” ืฉื™ืขืงื‘ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืื•ื”ืœื™ ืฉื ื•ืขื‘ืจ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืขืฉื• ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื˜ืœ ื•ืฆื“ ื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ืขื•ืคื•ืช. ืืžื ื ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืœื ืจืง ื›ืฉื’ื“ืœื• ื•ื”ืœื›ื• ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœื“ืจื›ื• ื ื™ื›ืจ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ืืœื ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื ื‘ืžืขื™ ืืžื ื ืืžืจ (ื›ื”, ื›ื‘): “ื•ื™ืชืจื•ืฆืฆื• ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ื””, ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉ”ื™: “ื›ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ืคืชื—ื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ื•ืขื‘ืจ, ื™ืขืงื‘ ืจืฅ ื•ืžืคืจื›ืก ืœืฆืืช, ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ืคืชื—ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ืขืฉื• ืžืคืจื›ืก ืœืฆืืช”. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืš ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœื” ื”ืงื‘”ื” “ืฉื ื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื˜ื ืš”.

ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื“ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืฉืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ืขืฉื• ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”. ืžื—ื“, ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื”ื“ื•ืื’ ืœืขืชื™ื“ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื, ืฉืงื•ืข ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื™ืจืื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ, ื”ืœื ื”ื™ื ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื•. ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš, ืื“ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ื“ื•ืื’ ืœืขืชื™ื“ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื ืืœื ืฉืงื•ืข ื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉืœ ‘ืื™ืฉ ืฉื“ื”’, ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ืคืจื ืกื” ื•ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืื•ื•ืช. ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืขืฉื•, ืฉื ืžืฉืš ืžื™ื“ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืืœื™ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืชืื•ื•ื” ื”ืฉืœื˜ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ.

ื•ื”ื ื”, ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ื›ืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืœืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ื“ืจืš ืžื‘ืงืฉ ื”ื•ื ืœืœื›ืช. ื”ืื ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื•, ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืœื—ื™ื™ ืขื•ื””ื‘ ื•ืœื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืชื•ืงืง ื•ืžื‘ืงืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช, ืื• ืฉื‘ื•ื—ืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื•ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ืชืื•ื•ืชื™ื• ื›ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ืขืฉื™ื•, ื•ืขืกื•ืง ื›ืœ ื›ื•ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ‘ืื™ืฉ ืฆื™ื“’, ืœืฆื•ื“ ื•ืœื—ืคืฉ ืื—ืจ ื”ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื””ื–.

ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืœืขืฉื™ื• ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืื™ืคื” ืœืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช

ื•ื ืจืื” ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืœืขืฉื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืžื—ืžืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืžื”ื•ืชื. ื›ืš ื ืจืื” ืžื˜ืขื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ืงืจืื• ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืฉืžื•, ืฉื”ื ื” ื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” (ืฉื, ื›ื”): “ื•ื™ืฆื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืื“ืžื•ื ื™ ื›ื•ืœื• ื›ืื“ืจืช ืฉืขืจ ื•ื™ืงืจืื• ืฉืžื• ืขืฉื•”, ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉ”ื™ (ืฉื): “ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืงืจืื• ืœื• ื›ืŸ ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ื’ืžืจ ื‘ืฉืขืจื• ื›ื‘ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื””. ืžื‘ื•ืืจ, ืฉื ืงืจื ืขืฉื• ืขืœ ืฉื ืฉื™ืฆื ืžืจื—ื ืืžื• ืขืฉื•ื™ ื•ื’ืžื•ืจ ื‘ืฉืขืจื•. ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ืขืงื‘ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ (ืฉื, ื›ื•): “ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืŸ ื™ืฆื ืื—ื™ื• ื•ื™ื“ื• ืื•ื—ื–ืช ื‘ืขืงื‘ ืขืฉื• ื•ื™ืงืจื ืฉืžื• ื™ืขืงื‘”, ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉ”ื™ “ืื‘ื™ื• ืงืจื ืœื• ื™ืขืงื‘ ืขืœ ืฉื ืื—ื™ื–ืช ื”ืขืงื‘”, ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉื ืงืจื ื™ืขืงื‘ ืขืœ ืฉื ืฉืชืคืก ื‘ืขืงื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืขืฉื™ื•.

ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื•ื, ืขืฉื™ื•, ื”ื•ื ืื“ื ืขืฉื•ื™ ืฉืฉืขืจื•ืชื™ื• ื’ืžื•ืจื•ืช. ืžื•ืฉืœื, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื—ืกืจ ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช ืœื”ืชืงื“ื ืขื•ื“. ืื“ื ื›ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืจ”ื— ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ, ืฉื”ื•ื ‘ืฉื•ื ื’ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช! ืžืื™ื“ืš, ืขื ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉ ื”ืคื•ืš ืžื›ืš, ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื™ืฆื™ืืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืื—ื– ื‘ืขืงื‘ ืขืฉื•, ื›ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœืชืคื•ืก ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืขื•ื“. ‘ื™ืขืงื‘ ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ืขืงื‘, ื›ืื“ื ื”ืžื“ืžื” ืขืฆืžื• ืœืขืงื‘ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืฉืœื, ื•ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ืขื•ื“. ืžืชื•ืš ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื” ื™ืขืงื‘ ืœ”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืื•ื”ืœื™ื” – ืžื‘ืงืฉ ื”’, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืชืจื’ื ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืขื•ื–ื™ืืœ “ืชื‘ืข ืื•ืœืคืŸ ืžืŸ ืงื“ื ื”'” (ืฉื ื›ื”, ื›ื–).

ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืืžืจ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืจ”ื— ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ, ืฉืื“ื ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื• ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฉืœื ืœื’ืžืจื™, ืืœื ืขืœื™ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื“ืœ ืื˜ ืื˜, ืฉืœื‘ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœื‘. ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ืœ ื–ืืช ืœืื“ื ืฉืžื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื• ืœืื˜ ืœืื˜ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืกื“ืจ ื’ื“ื™ืœืชื•, ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืขื•ื“ื• ื™ืœื“ ืœื•ื‘ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืืช ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื• ื”ืงืฆืจื™ื ื›ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืœื•ื‘ืฉ ืžืœื‘ื•ืฉื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื“ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืœื•ื‘ืฉ ื—ืœื™ืคื” ื•ืงืกืงื˜, ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœื•ื‘ืฉ ื—ืœื™ืคื” ืขื ื™ื‘ื” ื•ืžื’ื‘ืขืช, ืขื“ ืฉืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื•ื ืœื•ื‘ืฉ ื—ืœื•ืงื ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื•ืžื’ื‘ืขืช ืจื‘ื ื™ืช. ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื•ืื“ื, ืืฉืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ืฉืœื‘ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœื‘, ื›ืคื™ ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœืคื™ ื’ื“ืœื•ืชื• ื•ื”ืฉื’ืชื•. ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืขื•ืœื” ื›ืกื“ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืืœื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืฉืœื ืœื’ืžืจื™, ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืจืื•ื™, ื•ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืœืื“ื.

ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืขืฉื™ื• ื‘ืžื”ื•ืชื•, ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืขืฆืžื•, ื”ื•ื ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื, ื”ืฉื‘ืข ื•ื—ืกืจ ื”ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช, ืžืžื™ืœื ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื™ืกื•ืงื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”. ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืœืืŸ ืœื”ืชืงื“ื, ื•ื›ืœ ืžืขื™ื™ื ื™ื• ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœืกืคืง ืืช ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืฆืจื›ื™ื• ื‘ืจื’ืข ื–ื”. ืื•ืœื ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉืžื”ื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ื”ื—ืกืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ืข, “ื”ืื•ื—ื– ื‘ืขืงื‘ ืื—ื™ื•” ื•ืฉื•ืืฃ ืœืชืคื•ืก ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“, ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื™ืกื•ืงื™ื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื ื™ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช, ืชื•ืจื” ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ ืฉื‘ื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“.

ืขืฉื™ื• – “ืฆื™ื“ ื‘ืคื™ื•” ื•”ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื™ืฉ ืชื”

ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉืขืœ ืคื™ ื–ื” ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืžื” ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ืขืฉื™ื• (ืฉื, ื›ื—): “ื•ื™ืื”ื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืืช ืขืฉื• ื›ื™ ืฆื™ื“ ื‘ืคื™ื•”, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉ”ื™ (ืฉื), “ื‘ืคื™ื• ืฉืœ ืขืฉื•, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฆื“ ืื•ืชื• ื•ืžืจืžื”ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•”. ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ืขืงื‘ ื ืืžืจ (ืฉื, ื›ื–): “ื•ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื™ืฉ ืชื”, ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉ”ื™ (ืฉื): “ืชื, ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืงื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืืœื” ืืœื ื›ืœื‘ื• ื›ืŸ ืคื™ื•, ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื—ืจื™ืฃ ืœืจืžื•ืช ืงืจื•ื™ ืชื”. ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืžื”ื•ืชื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ืŸ ืขืœื™ื” ื”ืฉื•ืืฃ ืœื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ืืœื ืจืง ื›ืคืจื•ื–ื“ื•ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื, ืœื›ืš ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื›ืœ ื˜ืขื ืœืจืžื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืคื™ื• ื•ืœื‘ื• ืฉื•ื™ื. ืื•ืœื ืขืฉื™ื• ืฉืžื”ื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ื—ืกืจ ื”ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื™ืกื•ืงื• ื”ื•ื ืชืื•ื•ืชื• ืœืขื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ืžืจืžื” ื‘ืคื™ื• ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื‘ื™ืข ืืช ื™ืฆืจื• ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืขืฆืžื• ืœื™ื“ื™ ืกื™ืคื•ืง ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื•ืœืžื•, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ืชืื•ื•ืชื™ื•.

ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืจืง ื‘ืขื•ื””ื‘, ื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“

ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ื ืคืจื“ื™ื, ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืงืฉื” ื•ืžืคืจื™ืข ืœื™ ืžืื•ื“. ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืกืชืžื ืืชื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ืขื•ื””ื‘, ืื•ืœื ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื”. ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืื ื™ืฉืืœื• ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืžื” ืื ื™ ื‘ื•ื—ืจ, ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ืขื•ื””ื– ืื• ื—ื™ื™ ืขื•ื””ื‘, ืืฉื™ื‘ ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ืขื•ื””ื‘. ืื•ืœื ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื™ืืžืจ ืื“ื ื›ืš ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ‘ืคื™ื• ื•ืœื™ื‘ื• ืฉื•ื™ื’, ื•ืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืื“ื ืจืง ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ืขื•ื””ื‘ ื•ืœื ื™ืจืฆื” ืœืขืฆืžื• ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ‘ืงืฆืช’ ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”. ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืœืคื ื™ื ื• ืฉืชื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื–ื• ืžื–ื•, ื•ืืฃ ืกื•ืชืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื•, ื•ืœืจื•ื‘ื ื“ืขืœืžื ืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืจืขื” ื’ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ. ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืืžื™ืชื™ ื ืžืฆื ืฉื”ืื“ื ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ื’ื ื‘ืขื•ื””ื– ื•ื’ื ื‘ืขื•ื””ื‘, ื•ื”ื™ืืš ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืฆื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื”ื, ื•ื”ืœื ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืš ืกืชื™ืจื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.

ื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœืขืฆืžื•, ืื ื”ื™ื• ืžืขืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ื• ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื–ื•, ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ืœื—ื•ื“ ืื• ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื ืœื—ื•ื“, ื”ืื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ืจืง ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื. ืื•ืœื™ ืจืง ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืš. ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืชื ื• ืžืœื ื‘ื›ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช, ืฉืคืข ืฉืœ ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื. ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืื ื™ ื›ื™ ื›ืฉื‘ืืชื™ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืืŸ ื›ืœื•ื! ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื’ื– ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืงืจืจ, ืจืง ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉืคืข ืจื‘: ืขื•ื ื™! ื›ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืขื ื™ื™ื. ื’ื ื‘ื—ื•”ืœ, ืฉื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘, ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืคืจื ืกื”. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืงื•ืฉื™ ื•ืขื ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ ืขื•ื””ื‘ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื•ืฆืžืฆื•ื, ืื• ื—ื™ื™ ืขื•ื””ื– ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื ืฉืงื™ืขื” ื‘’ื—ื™ื™ ืฉื“ื”’, ื‘ืคืจื ืกื” ื•ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืื•ื•ืช. ืื•ืœื ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื™ ื”ืฉืคืข ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื™ืฉ ืฉืคืข ื’ื ื‘ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื’ื ื‘ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช. ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื”ื™ื•ื ื“ื™ืจื” ื•ืฉืืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ืžืฆืœืžื”, ื˜ื™ื™ืค ื•ื›ื•’ ื•ื›ื•’, ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืžื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืื—ื“ ืžื›ืœ ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื ืงืจื ‘ื™ื—ืกืŸ’. ื”ื™ื•ื ืžื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื• ‘ืคืœืืคื•ืŸ’ ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืžื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื ืขืœื™ื™ื.

ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘, ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ

ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืฉืืœื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืœืขืฉื• ื•ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืขื•ื””ื‘ ื•ืฉืœ ืขืฉื• ื‘ืขื•ื””ื–, ื”ื•ื ื™ืกื•ื“ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช. ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืื ืœืฆืืช ืœ’ืื”ืœื™ ืฉื’ ืื• ืœืฆืืช ืœืข”ื– ื•ื—ื™ื™ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”. ืื•ืœื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื™ืฉื ื• ืžืฆื‘ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช, ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื•ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ‘ืื™ืฉ ืฆื™ื“’ ื•ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืขื•ื””ื–. ื•ื ืžืฆื ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืืฆืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ืขืฉื•, ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืจื‘.

ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืคืขื ืžืืฉื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ืฉืื“ื ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ืคืœ ื•ืœืชืคื•ืก ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ, ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื•. ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื’ื ืืช ื”ื˜ืคืœ, ืื•ืœื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ื ืžืฆื ื‘’ืขื™ืงืจ’ ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—. ืื›ืŸ, ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื” ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื•ืœ’ืœื•ืงืกื•ืก’ ืฉื ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ืจื—ื™. ื”ืจื™ ืœื ื’ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉื™ื“ื•ืš ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื™ืกื›ื™ืžื• ืขืœ ืงื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืจืช ืฉืœืฉื” ื—ื“ืจื™ื, ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ืชื ื•ืจ ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืกื” ื•ื›ื•’ ื•ื›ื•’. ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื ื”ื™ื• ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืœื™ ื›ืœ ืืœื• ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชืงื“ื.

ืื‘ืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื•ื, ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ืœื˜ืคืœ. ืœื“ืขืช ื•ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืคืกืง ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ืฉื”ืงื‘”ื” ืžืฉืคื™ืข ื‘ื“ื•ืจื ื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื›ื•ื— ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืืช ื”’. ื•ื–ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืขื•ื””ื–, ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ‘ื›ืœื™ื’ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”’ ื•ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืš.

ืžืขืชื” ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ื“ื•ืจื ื•. ื”ืื ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื•ื ืขืกืง ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ ื”ื ืจืง ‘ื›ืœื™ื’ ืฉื”ื ื˜ืคืœื™ื ืœืขืกืง ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ืื• ืฉื’ื ื›ืœ ื”’ืœื•ืงืกื•ืก’ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”’ืขื™ืงืจ’ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืŸ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื, ืœื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ืขืฉื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ‘ืื™ืฉ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฆื™ื“ ืื™ืฉ ืฉื“ื”’. ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ ืื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื ืจืื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฆื•ืจื”, ืœืฉื ื™ื”ื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื” ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื•ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ื—ืคืฆื™ื, ื•ืืฃ ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื. ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื ืจืื” ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ, ืื•ืœื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉืœ ‘ื™ืขืงื‘’ ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉืœ ‘ืขืฉื•’. ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืฉืืœื” ืžื”ื• ื”ืขื™ืงืจ, ื”ืื ืขืกืง ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ ื”ื•ื ื˜ืคืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืจืง ื”ื›ืจื—, ืื• ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”’ื›ืœื™ื’ ื•ืืช ื”ื˜ืคืœ ืœืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืžื”ืœืš ืฉืœ ืขืฉื•.

ื‘ืจื›ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง, ืœืชืช ื‘ื™ื“ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื

ืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจ’ ืืจื™ื” ืคื™ื ืงืœ ืฉืœื™ื˜”ื, ‘ื”ืจ ื™ืจืื”’, ืฉื”ืงืฉื” ื”ื™ืืš ืจืฆื” ื™ืฆื—ืง ืœื‘ืจืš ืืช ืขืฉื•, ื”ืœื ื™ื“ืข ื™ืฆื—ืง ืžื™ื”ื• ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ืžื™ื”ื• ืขืฉื•, ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื› ื‘ื—ืจ ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืขืฉื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”. ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื™ืฆื—ืง ืจืฆื” ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ื””ื– ืœืขืฉื•, ื•ืœื”ื•ืชื™ืจ ืœื™ืขืงื‘ ืจืง ืืช ื ื—ืœืช ืขื•ื””ื‘. ื™ืฆื—ืง ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื ืจืฆื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉื•ื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื ื ื•ื—ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ืฉืœื. ืื•ืœื ืจื‘ืงื” ืืžื ื• ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื ื‘ื•ืื” ืกื‘ืจื” ืื—ืจืช, ื•ื“ืขืชื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื™ืขืงื‘ ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืŸ ืืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื ื•ื”ืŸ ืืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ื•ืขืฉื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืขื‘ื“ ืœื™ืขืงื‘.

ืขื•ืžืง ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื‘ื™ืืจื ื•. ืื™ืŸ ืกืชื™ืจื” ื‘ืขืฆื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืื“ื ืฉื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช, ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื•ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื ื™ื—ื“. ืื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ืคืœ. ื•ืื ืžื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื, ื‘ืขืกืง ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื’ืžื•ืจ, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื•ื ื”ื ื” ืžื”ืขื•ื””ื–, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืžื“ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื”ืœืš ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ื‘ืื”ืœื™ ืฉื.

ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ื‘’ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช, ืกื•ื“ ื”ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื

ืžื™ ืฉื™ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ื™ื–ื›ื” ืืฃ ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืฉืžื—ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœืื“ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ื“ื™ ืžื—ื™ื™ืชื•, ื”ื™ื• ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืœืื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื—ื”, ืžืœืื™ื ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื•ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืง ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ื•ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ. ื•ืื™ืœื• ื›ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืœื ื—ืกืจ ื›ืœื•ื ื•ืื“ืจื‘ื” ืžื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืฉืคืข, ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืืช ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื. ืื™ืŸ ืžื ื•ื—ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ืคื•ืง, ืื™ืŸ ืฉืžื—ื”, ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืจื•ืฅ ืœื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื•ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื, ืื™ืš ืžื™ื™ืฉื‘ื™ื ื–ืืช.

ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื, ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ืœื’ืฉืช ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื™ื—ื“. ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ืœืขื™ืงืจ ื•ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืžื”ืœืš ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื•ืจื“ื™ืคื” ืื—ืจ ื”ื›ื•ืœ, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ืคื•ืง ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืฉืจ. ืื•ืœื ืื ืžืืžืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื•ื”’ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ’ ื”ื–ื”, ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ืœื˜ืคืœ, ืžืžื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืง, ื•ืžื” ืžืฉืžืฉ ืจืง ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ‘ื›ืœื™ื’. ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื•ืžื“ื™ื โ€“ ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื. ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืžืชืคืœืœื™ื โ€“ ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื. ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื•ืžืžื™ืชื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืกื•ื“ืจื™ื ื•ืžืœืื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืง ืžื”ืฉื’ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจ. ืžื™ ืฉื‘ื•ื ื” ืืช ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื™ื™ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื•, ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ืŸ ืขืœื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•.

‘ืคื™ืงื•ื“ื™ ื”’ ืžืฉืžื—ื™ ืœื‘’, ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื’ืžื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืขื•ื””ื–

ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ื‘ื–ื” ืžื”ืœืš ื ื•ืกืฃ.

ื”ื ื”, ืขืฆื ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื, ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ื”ื ืื” ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ื›ืœืœ, ื•ื›ืž”ืฉ (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ื™ื˜, ื˜): “ืคื™ืงื•ื“ื™ ื”’ ื™ืฉืจื™ื ืžืฉืžื—ื™ ืœื‘”. ื•ืขื™’ ื‘ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ืฉื [ืจื“”ืง ื•ืขื•ื“]: “ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื›ื ื™ืฉืžื— ืขืœ ืฉื›ืœื•. ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื™ื ื”ื’ื”ื• ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืฉื›ืœ, ืื™ืŸ ืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ื”ื™ื”. ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ืื“ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื, ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ืขืกืง ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืจื™ ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืง ื‘ื›ืš ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ืขื“ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืง ื‘ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ. ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื’ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ื™ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ื›ืคื™ ื”ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžืืจื—ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจ, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžื”ื ืกื™ืคื•ืง ื•ืฉืžื—ื”. ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื ื”ื ื” ืžื”ื, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉื™ื™ืš ื›ืœืœ ืœื”ื ืื” ื•ืœ’ืฆื™ื“’ ืฉืœ ืขืฉื•, ื›ืœ ื›ื•ืœื• ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื”ืœืš ื•ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘.

ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ ืกื™ื™ื ืฉื™ื—ื” ื–ื• ื‘ื–ื• ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ:

ืื ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืกืœื™ื—ื” ืฉืื™ื ื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจื•ืจ, ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื“ื‘ืจื ื• ื ื–ื›ืจืชื™ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืคืœืืคื•ืŸ, ื›ืžื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื. ืื™ื•ื ื•ื ื•ืจื. ื‘ื™ื–ื™ื•ื ื•ืช. ืื“ื ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื•ืžืฆืคืฆืฃ ืขื ื ื™ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื‘ื™ื”ืž”ื“. ื”ื™ืชื›ืŸ? ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืข ื‘ื™ื”ืž”ื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื ื•ืช ื‘ืคืœืืคื•ืŸ. ืื ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ื‘ืจื—ืžื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™’ ืฉื•ื ืคืœืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืžื“ืจืฉื•ืช โ€“ ื‘ืงืฉื”- ื–ื” ื”ืจื™ ื‘ื–ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช. ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื”ื”ืคืจืขื” ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื™ื•ืŸ. ืื™ืš ืœื ืžืชื‘ื™ื™ืฉ ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื‘ื™ื”ืž”ื“ “ื”ืœื•?” ื•ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื ืคืฉ? ื‘ืฉื•ื ืคื ื™ื ื•ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™’ ืคืœืืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ื”ืž”ื“. ื”’ ื™ื–ื›ื” ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื–ื” ืฉื ื–ื›ื” ืœืฉื ื™ ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื•ืช. ืขื•ื””ื– ื•ื”ื‘ื ื•ื ื–ื›ื” ืœื”ื ื•ืช ืžื–ื™ื• ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”.

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Harav Hagaon Shmuel Wolman Shlita

A Means or an End?

Parashas Toldos

Harav Hagaon Shmuel Wolman Shlita

This parashah contains the story of the sale of the bechorah from Eisav to Yaakov. It is a parashah definitely worth relearning, as we cannot rely on how we originally imagined these events when we first learned about them in cheder. The Torah describes Yaakov Avinu preparing a pot of red lentil stew, and Chazal explain that Avraham Avinu passed away that day, and the minhag is to serve lentils to mourners.

Eisav returned from a very long day in the field, and the Torah says, ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ืขึธื™ึตืฃ. Simply understood, he was tired out, maybe even exhausted, and he asked Yaakov if he could share some of the lentil stew in order to quell his hunger. Yaakov then started negotiating, saying that heโ€™d only give him the stew if he would sell him the bechorah.

But the Baalei Hatosafos explain that the word ืขึธื™ึตืฃ does not simply connote exhaustion; rather, Eisav was a goses, literally on his last breath, and that is what he meant when he said, ื”ึดื ึตึผื” ืึธื ึนื›ึดื™ ื”ื•ึนืœึตืšึฐ ืœึธืžื•ึผืช. He needed some food to stay alive, and he was begging his brother Yaakov to save his life with that lentil stew.

In light of this explanation, it seems as though Yaakov was trying to extort the bechorah from him at a vulnerable moment. If we werenโ€™t talking about Yaakov Avinu, we might think this was a classical opportunist who takes advantage of an unfortunate circumstance. Yet this does not seem to reflect the ehrlichkeit in business that we would expect of Yaakov Avinu, and it definitely seems to conflict with the Rambanโ€™s description of Yaakov Avinu as a tzaddik in monetary dealings. Clearly, we need to reorient ourselves regarding Yaakov Avinuโ€™s intentions, and I think we can do so by contemplating Rashiโ€™s explanation of why Yaakov wanted to buy the bechorah:

ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช, ืืžืจ ื™ืขืงื‘: ืื™ืŸ ืจืฉืข ื–ื” ื›ื“ืื™ ืฉื™ืงืจื™ื‘ ืœื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื.

At that time, being a bechor meant performing the avodah of a Kohen, and Yaakov Avinu was concerned that this rasha, Eisav, was not worthy of being the one to offer korbanos to the Eibishter. His purchase of the bechorah had nothing to do with his personal gain; he was not at all interested in obtaining the bechorah for himself, and he was not seeking to take advantage of Eisavโ€™s plight. Rather, he was acting out of a sense of achrayus to uphold the kavod of the bechorah.

Accordingly, Yaakov Avinu must have been absolutely sure that Eisav was not worthy of doing the avodah, to the extent that he found a way to extract the bechorah from him. What made Yaakov so certain that Eisav was not worthy of this role?

Our immediate response would be that Eisav was a rasha; Chazal tell us that on that day alone he committed many severe aveiros. But it canโ€™t be that simple, as the Torah does not explicitly mention any of these aveiros to justify Yaakovโ€™s actions. Furthermore, we find that Yitzchak Avinu was quite taken by Eisavโ€™s maalos, to the extent that he continued to view Eisav as worthy of receiving the berachos. R’ Yerucham stresses that we should not think that Yitzchak Avinu was simply naรฏve and could not see the obvious. It must be that on the outside, Eisav seemed very chashuv, and his maalos seemed to rival those of Yaakov. If so, what made Yaakov so confident that he needed to wrest the bechorah from Eisav?

Later on, we see how the Torah emphasizes Eisavโ€™s lack of appreciation for the bechorah, as it states: ื•ึทื™ึดึผื‘ึถื– ืขึตืฉึธื‚ื• ืึถืช ื”ึทื‘ึฐึผื›ึนืจึธื”. We also find Eisav dismissing the bechorah as dangerous and undesirable: a Kohen canโ€™t drink wine, and so on. This contemptuous attitude could definitely explain why Yaakov decided that Eisav was not worthy of being granted this heiligeh privilege, but how did Yaakov know this even before Eisav displayed his disdain for the avodah?

Yaakov Picks Up on a Nuance

Perhaps we can suggest that Yaakov Avinu picked up on the nuances of Eisavโ€™s behavior when he asked for the lentil stew. Yes, he was starving and needed food desperately, but something in his word choice revealed a certain relationship with food that alerted Yaakov to grasp Eisavโ€™s true inner self. Eisav said, ื”ึทืœึฐืขึดื™ื˜ึตื ึดื™ ื ึธื ืžึดืŸ ื”ึธืึธื“ึนื ื”ึธืึธื“ึนื ื”ึทื–ึถึผื”, and the passuk continues,ืขึทืœ ื›ึตึผืŸ ืงึธืจึธื ืฉึฐืืžื•ึน ืึฑื“ื•ึนื . The mefarshim wonder, why would Eisav and his descendants be named Edom, for eternity, because Eisav once used the word โ€œedomโ€ to describe a dish?

Chazal say that ืฉืžื ื’ืจื™ื โ€” a personโ€™s name reflects his essence.

How does the name โ€œEdomโ€ reflect Eisavโ€™s essence?

The Ramban explains that he was memorialized with that name to highlight his willingness to sell the bechorah in exchange for something as insignificant as lentil stew. But why is the word โ€œedomโ€ chosen to represent that transaction? He could have been named โ€œNezidโ€ or โ€œAdashimโ€! Evidently, a fundamental aspect of his nature is alluded to in the phrase ื”ึธืึธื“ึนื ื”ึธืึธื“ึนื ื”ึทื–ึถึผื”.

Every component of Creation has pnimiyus and chitzonius, an internal part and an external part. Even something as mundane as food has its essence โ€“ its nutritional value and its ability to satiate and fuel ruchniyusdik productivity โ€“ as well as its outer appeal. When Eisav came inside from the field, he was in desperate need of satiation; he needed the pnimiyus of the food to sustain him. Yet even then, he was still so focused and caught up with the outer color of the soup: ื”ึธืึธื“ึนื ื”ึธืึธื“ึนื ื”ึทื–ึถึผื”. This was a very telling moment, for with these words Eisav made it clear that he has no pnimiyus, and can never get past the chitzoniyus. The ื”ึธืึธื“ึนื ื”ึธืึธื“ึนื ื”ึทื–ึถึผื” is his essence, and therefore, for eternity, he is called โ€œEdom.โ€

From Yaakov Avinuโ€™s perspective, the fact that Eisav was in a desperate state, veritably a goses, was no excuse. Rather, it was even more of a reason for Eisav to be less focused on externalities. There should have been a ื™ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื• ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื™ืชื”, there should have been a ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืžื™ืชืชืš. This brush with his mortality should have prompted Eisav to see things from a higher perspective, with a certain clarity, a certain smack of reality. Eisav had just lost his grandfather, Avraham, and was entering th beis haโ€™avel, where one is meant to contemplate and introspect: ื•ื”ื—ื™ ื™ืชืŸ ืืœ ืœื‘ื•. Yaakov Avinu was serving the customary lentils, which are meant to symbolize the somber state of aveilus and the cyclical nature of life, yet all Eisav could see, even under such circumstances, was the chitzoniyus.

By referring to the lentil stew as ึธืึธื“ึนื ื”ึธืึธื“ึนื ื”ึทื–ึถึผื”, even in his most vulnerable moments, Eisav was showing his true colors and limited perspective, which made it abundantly clear to Yaakov that he must take action and use any leverage he had to transfer the bechorah to a more worthy candidate. The bechorah was meant for someone who has pnimiyus, someone who could appreciate the ruchniyusdik value of being a meshareis Hashem and offering korbanos to the Eibishter. Yaakov Avinu saw that Eisav, who was pure chitzoniyus, was not worthy of this role. Although he did possess sparks of holiness, and on the surface there was much to admire in Eisav โ€” enough to make Yitzchak deem him worthy of this role, Yaakov Avinu picked up on this nuance. He grasped that the true yardstick of a person is, what is his primary focus? Does he get stuck on the superficial, or does he have the capacity to stay focused on the pnimiyus? Does gashmiyus play a supporting role of fueling and financing his ruchniyusdik pursuits and building his pnimiyus, or does he connect only to the outer veneer and make that an end for itself?

True, Chazal teach that Eisav committed many severe aveiros, but the Torah Shebichsav does not explicitly focus on those. The only thing the Torah does focus on is ื•ึทื™ึดึผื‘ึถื– ืขึตืฉึธื‚ื• ืึถืช ื”ึทื‘ึฐึผื›ึนืจึธื”. Apparently, the Torah is conveying that this attitude was his most fundamental flaw. It reflects Eisavโ€™s essence, his value system, his priorities, and most of all, his focus. To him, food and other worldly matters were a goal in and of themselves, not fuel for a more meaningful purpose.

Chassidim make a point of drinking a coffee before davening, as they quote the Rebbes as saying, โ€œBetter we should drink a coffee before davening to give us koach then we should daven in order to permit us to eat.โ€ Itโ€™s all about focus: whatโ€™s the end and whatโ€™s the means.

The purpose of learning these parashiyos is not simply to identify the subtle differences between Yaakov and Eisav, but of course to apply these nuances to our lives. We all get distracted at times, but there is still a very fundamental difference in what our focus is: Are we drinking coffee in order to give us koach to daven, or are we davening so we can finally drink that coffee? Are our parnassah efforts meant to support our avodas Hashem, or are they a goal for themselves?

Olam Hazeh is a state of ื—ื˜ื•ืฃ ื—ื˜ื•ืฃ โ€” chap arein! Everyone is running and chapping, but what is the focus? What are we running after โ€“ another business idea, another exotic luxury, or another opportunity to chap another seder, another chessed, more nitzchiyus? We often hear the refrain, โ€œYou only live once.โ€ The question is, what kind of urgency does that create? One that broadens our hasagos in gashmiyus, or one that lights a fire under us to propel us further along in our quest for shleimus?

The Eibishter should give us siyata dโ€™Shmaya as we learn in these parashiyos to try to be influenced by these nuances that Yaakov Avinu taught us, and that will hopefully help us keep our focus on whatโ€™s the end and whatโ€™s the means.

Gut Shabbos.

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