ShmosTrumah

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•

M'Slobodka, Maran Hasaba zt"l

ื•ืขืฉื• ืœื™ ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ืฉื›ื ืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื (ื›ื”,ื—)
ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื ืชืŸ ื›ื— ืœื‘ื ”ื™ ืœื”ืงื™ื ืœื• ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ืฉื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื™ืฆืžืฆื ืฉื›ื™ื ืชื• ืฉื. ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืžืžื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ื”ื “ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื”’ ืฆื‘ืื•ืช ืžืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื•”, ืืš ืื™ื ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื• ื•ืฉื•ืืœื™ื “ืื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื•”.

ืœืขื•ืžืชื ืฆื™ื•ื” ื”’ ืฉื‘ื ”ื™ ื™ื‘ื ื• ืœื• ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื•ื›ืฉืฉืืœ ืžืฉื” “ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืžืœื ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืขืฉื” ืœื™ ืžืฉื›ืŸ?” ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืงื‘”ื” “ืœื ื›ืฉื ืฉืืชื” ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืื ื™ ืกื‘ื•ืจ, ืืœื ื›’ ืงืจืฉ ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื•ื›’ ืงืจืฉ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ื•ื—’ ื‘ืžืขืจื‘, ื•ืœื ืขื•ื“ ืืœื ืฉืืจื“ ื•ืืฆืžืฆื ืฉื›ื™ื ืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืืžื” ืขืœ ืืžื”” (ืฉืžื•”ืจ ืœื“).

ื™ืชืจื” ืžื›ืš, ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืืช ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช (ืขื™’ ื‘ืชื ื—ื•ืžื ืคืงื•ื“ื™), ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ื›ืžืฉ”ื ื—ื–”ืœ (ืฉืžื•”ืจ ืœ”ื’ ื•ืกื•ืฃ ืœ”ื”) ‘ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื‘ืืจืฅ’- ืืชื” ืžื•ืฆื ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ืจื ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืœืžืขืœืŸ ื‘ืจื ืœืžื˜ืŸ ื•ื›ื•’, ืœืžืขืœืŸ ‘ืฉืจืคื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืžืžืขืœ ืœื•’ ื•ืœืžื˜ืŸ ‘ืขืฆื™ ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื’ ื•ื›ื•’ ื•ื›ื•’, ื•ืœื ืขื•ื“ ืืœื ืฉืœืžื˜ืŸ ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืœ ืœืžืขืœืŸ, ืชื“ืข ืœืš ืฉื”ื ื™ื— ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืœืžืขืœืŸ ื•ื™ืจื“ ื‘ืฉืœืžื˜ืŸ ืฉื ืืžืจ ‘ื•ืขืฉื• ืœื™ ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ืฉื›ื ืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื’, ืขื™ื™”ืฉ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ื ืขืฉื• ื›ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื” ื›ืžืฉ”ื› “ื•ืจืื” ื‘ืชื‘ื ื™ืชื ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืžืจืื” ื‘ื”ืจ” (ืขื™”ืฉ ื‘ืจืฉ”ื™ ื•ื‘ืžื“”ืจ). ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ื” ื”’ ืฉื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ื”ื™ื•ื“ืข ืืช ืฆื™ืจื•ืคื™ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื ื‘ืจืื• ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ ื”ื•ื ื™ื‘ื ื” ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ.

ืืš ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ืžืฉื ื‘ื ื” ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืœื ื”ืฉืจื” ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืืช ืฉื›ื™ื ืชื• ื‘ื• ื•ืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ื•ืื”ืœื™ืื‘ ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ื•, ืขื“ ืฉื‘ื ืžืฉื” ื•ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื• ืฉื ื’ “ื•ื™ืงื ืžืฉื” ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ”. ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื, ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื—ื•ืงื™ื” ื‘ืื” ื”ืฉืจืืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”. ืจืง ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืชื•ืจื” ืžืกื™ื ื™ ื•ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืจืืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”.

ื•ืืžืจื• ื—ื–”ืœ: ‘ื•ืฉื›ื ืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื’- ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ืœื ื ืืžืจ ืืœื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื, ื‘ืชื•ืš ืœื™ื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ”ื™. ืข”ื™ ืฉืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืฉื•ื›ื ืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ืœื‘ื• ื•ืจืืฉื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื•”ื. ื–ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ืื“ื, ืฉื‘ื›ื•ื—ื• ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืฉืชืฆื˜ืžืฆื ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื“’ ืืžื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืœื•ืžื“ ื•ืžืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

ืžืจืŸ ื”ืกื‘ื ืžืกืœื‘ื•ื“ืงื” ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื”

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื

Finkel, Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Eliezer Yehuda ztโ€l

ื•ืขืฉื• ืœื™ ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ืฉื›ื ืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื
ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื” ืจืื” ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืขืกืง ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ. ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืืฉืจ ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ืจื‘ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ืคื™ ื’ืžืจื ื•ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืงื“’, ืื™ื ื• ืกืชื ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื–ื”ื• ืžืขื•ืŸ ืœืฉื›ื™ื ื”. ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืš ื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™ ื”ื’ืจื”ื™ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ืฉื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื™ื”ื™ื• ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ืจืื™ ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืฃ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื. ื‘ืื•ืชื ื™ืžื™ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ืจืื™ื ื•ืฉืœืžื™ื ื”ืขืžืœื™ื ืœืคืจื ืกืชื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ.

ืœื™ืžื™ื, ื”ื™ื” ืžืกืคืจ ืžืจืŸ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ื›ื™ ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืžืœื˜ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืกืงื• ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื‘ื™ื™ ื•ืจื‘ื, ื•ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื ื™ืฆื•ืงื• ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ.

ื’ื ืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชืŸ ืฆื‘ื™ ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื” ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื•. ืืžื ื ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื•ื™ืจืื™ ืฉืžื™ื ืฉื™ืขืกืงื• ื‘ืžืœืื›ื”, ืืš ืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืœืืชืจื— ื”ื‘ื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืžืงืจื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื” ื•ืฉืืœื”. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืžืจืŸ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ื›ื— ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ืฆื™ืงื” ื•ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืขืœ ื“ื•ื•ืฉืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืงื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืฆื™ืงืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืชื”ื™ื” ืžื›ื•ื—ื• ื•ืœื ืžื›ื•ื—ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื. ืœืฉื ื›ืš, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืžื—ืœืชื• ื•ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืชื™ื•, ื”ื™ื” ืžื˜ืคืก ื‘ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื–ืžื ื™ื•ืช ืขื“ ืœืงื•ืžื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ืฆื” ืžืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืžืœืื™ ื‘ืจื–ืœื™ื ื•ืžื”ืžื•ืจื•ืช.

ื’ื ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ืงื“’ ื ื‘ื ื• ืžืชื•ืš ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ื˜ื”ืจื”, ื›ืืžื™ืจืชื• ื”ืชืžื™ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™ ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ “ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ื˜ื”ืจื””.

ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืœื›ื”

Shpitzer, Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shlita

ืชืจื•ืžื”

ืคืจืฉืช ืฉืงืœื™ื

ืข’ ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื›”ื˜ ืข”ื‘ ื“ืžื—’ ืจื‘ ื•ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืžื” ืงื•ืจื™ืŸ ืœืค’ ืฉืงืœื™ื ืื™ ืงื•ืจื™ืŸ ืค’ ื›ื™ ืชืฉื ืขืœ ื”ืฉืงืœื™ื (ื›ืžื ื”ื’ ื“ื™ื“ืŸ) ืื• ืค’ ืคื™ื ื—ืก ื‘ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช. (ื•ืœืจื‘ ื“ืก”ืœ ื›ืŸ ื ืžืฆื ื“ืฉื ื” ื–ื• ื™ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืจืง ื‘’ ืก”ืช).

ื•ื”ืง’ ืคื ”ื™ ืื™ืš ื ื—ืœืงื• ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืขืฉื• ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืžื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืž”ืง ื•ืชืงื ืช ืื ืฉื™ ื›ื ื””ื’. ื•ื—ื™ื“ืฉ ืคื ”ื™ ื“ื‘ืฉื ื” ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืœื›ื•”ืข ืงื•ืจื ืค’ ืฉืงืœื™ื, ื•ื˜ืขื ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืฉื ื” ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื–ื• ืฉื—ืœ ื‘ืจ”ื— ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืก”ืœ ื“ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืงืจื•ื ืค’ ืคื™ื ื—ืก ืฉื ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ื• ื’ื ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืจ”ื—.

ื•ื”ืง’ ืฉืค”ื ืžื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื’ืž’ ื“ืžื‘ื™ื ืจืื™ื” ืžื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ื‘ื—ืœ ืค’ ืฉืงืœื™ื ื‘ืค’ ืชืฆื•ื”, ื•ืœืคื™ ื”ืคื ”ื™ ืžื”ื• ื”ืจืื™ื”.

ื•ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืงื•’ ื”ืคื ”ื™ ืข’ ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจื‘ ื–ื•ืœื˜ื™ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื›ื™ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืงืจืื• ื›ื™ ืชืฉื ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื™ืชืŸ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื”ื ืชื™ื ื” ืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืื• ื”ื›ืฉืจ ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื–ื””ื– ืจืง ื–ื›ืจ ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื ื—ืœืงื• ืื ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื”ื ืชื™ื ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื• (ื•ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื›ื™ ื”ืฉืงืœื™ื ืจืง ื”ื›ื ื” ื•ื”ื›ืฉืจ ืžืฆื•ื”) ืื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช. ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ื˜ืขื ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ื”ื™ื•ื.

ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื ืข’ ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืชืจืค”ื” ืžืฉื•ื ื•ื ืฉืœืžื” ืคืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืžื” ื ”ื“ ื›ืชื‘ ืžืฉื•ื ื–ื›ืจ ืœืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ืžื“ื™ื™ืง ืœื” ื‘ืค’ ืฉืงืœื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”. (ื•ื”ื ื” ืœืคื™ ืจ’ ื–ื•ืœื˜ื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ ื‘ื–ื””ื– ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืจื™ืŸ ื›ืžื• ืฉืงืจืื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื•ืœื›ื’ ืœืคื™ ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืžื” ืžืฉื•ื ื–ื›ืจ ืœืžืงื“ืฉ ืฆืจื™ืš ื“ื•ืงื ื›ืžื• ืฉืงืจืื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืืžืช ืžื“ื™ื™ืง ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืžื” ืžืงืจื ื“ืค’ ื›ื™ ืชืฉื ื•ืžืฉืžืข ืœืงืจื•ื ื“ื•ืงื ื›ื™ ืชืฉื ื•ื”ื•ื ืื–ื™ืœ ื›ื“ืขืช ืฉืžื•ืืœ. ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื™ ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืžืฉื•ื ื•ื ืฉืœืžื” ืคืจื™ื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคืจืฉ ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจ’ ื–ื•ืœื˜ื™ ื“ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืจื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืงืจืื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ).

ื•ืข”ืฉ ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื’ืž’ ื“ืฉืงืœื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช, ื•ืข”ื– ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื ืฉืœืžื” ืคืจื™ื, ื•ืžืฉืžืข ืžืฉื•ื ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช. ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ืคื™’ ืจ’ ื–ื•ืœื˜ื™ ื‘ื“ืขืช ืจื‘ ืฉืงื•ืจื™ืŸ ืค’ ืคื™ื ื—ืก. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืžื” ืžื“ื™ื™ืง ื‘ืค’ ืฉืงืœื™ื ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืก”ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื›ืจ ืœืžืฆื•ืช ื ืชื™ื ืช ืžื—ืฆื””ืฉ. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืœื ื›ืชื‘ื• ืžืฉื•ื ื•ื ืฉืœืžื” ืคืจื™ื ื›ื™ ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืค’ ืฉืงืœื™ื ื“ื™ื“ืŸ ืœืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช.

ื•ืข’ ืจืข”ื ืื ืœื ืงืจืื• ืค’ ืฉืงืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืฉื‘ืช, ืื™ืŸ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ืŸ ืœืค’ ืฉืงืœื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืžื”ืจ”ื ืฉื™ืง ืฉืœ”ื” ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื˜ืขื ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืžืฉื•ื ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ืžืŸ, ื”ืจื™ ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืืœื• ื”ืฆ ื“ื•ืงื ืฉื‘ืช ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืื“ืจ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื‘ื. ื•ืœื›ื’ ื˜ืขื ืจืข”ื ื›ื™ ื‘ื–ื””ื– ืœื”ืœื›ื” ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืจื™ืŸ ืคื™ื ื—ืก, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ื›ื™ ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ื”ื™ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืฉื•ื ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช (ื•ื”ื•ื™ ื”ื›ืฉืจ) ืืœื ืžืฉื•ื ื–ื›ืจ ืœืขื™ืงืจ ืžืฆื•ืช ื ืชื™ื ืช ืžื—ืฆื””ืฉ ื›ืž”ืฉ ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืžื”, ื•ื”ื–ื›ืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ื ืื–, ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื• ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืจ”ื— ืื“ืจ.

ืชืจื•ืžื” ื›ืคื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ืจ ื›ื’ื™ื’ื™ืช

ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื“ืจ, ื•ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ื›ืฉืงื•ืจืื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข, ืœืื—ืž”ื› ืžื’ื™ืข ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื“ืจ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื•ื” ืžืื”ื‘ื”, ื•ื ืฉืชื“ืœ ืงืฆืช ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœืง ืฉืœ ื›ืคื” ื”ืจ ื›ื’ื™ื’ื™ืช ื•ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœืง ืฉืœ ืงื™ื‘ืœื•ื” ืžืื”ื‘ื”, ื•ื–ื” ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื.

ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง: ื•ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืฉื” ืืช ื”ืขื ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืžื—ื ื” ื•ื™ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื• ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ื”ืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื˜, ื™ื–). ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืจืฉ”ื™: ืœืคื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ื‘ืจื’ืœื™ ื”ื”ืจ. ื•ืžื“ืจืฉื•, ืฉื ืชืœืฉ ื”ื”ืจ ืžืžืงื•ืžื• ื•ื ื›ืคื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ื›ื’ื™ื’ื™ืช.

ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ”ื™ ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืž’ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช: ื•ื™ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื• ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ื”ืจ, ื”ืจ ืื‘ื“ื™ืžื™ ื‘ืจ ื—ืžื ื‘ืจ ื—ืกื ืžืœืžื“ ืฉื›ืคื” ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ืืช ื”ื”ืจ ื›ื’ื™ื’ื™ืช ื•ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืื ืืชื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ื•ืื ืœืื• ืฉื ืชื”ื ืงื‘ื•ืจืชื›ื, (ืคื—, ื).

ืื•ืชื ืžืฆื ืœื• ื ืืžื ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ

ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ืœ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื”ื›ืคื™ื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืฉื›ืคื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ืจ, ื”ื™ื ื›ืคื™ื™ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืจื’ืฉืช, ื•ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื™ ื›ืคื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื”ื‘ื”, ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืื• ื”ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืœื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืœื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ืžืชื•ืš ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื ืจื—ื™ื‘ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš.

ืžื•ืจื ื• ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืจื‘ื™ ื ื—ื•ื ื–ืฆ”ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืžืชืคืขืœ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ”ื™ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืื–ื™ื ื•: ื™ืžืฆืื”ื• ื‘ืืจืฅ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื‘ืชื•ื”ื• ื™ืœืœ ื™ืฉืžื•ืŸ ื™ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื ื”ื• ื™ื‘ื•ื ื ื”ื• ื™ืฆืจื ื”ื• ื›ืื™ืฉื•ืŸ ืขื™ื ื• (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื‘, ื™). ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืจืฉ”ื™: ื™ืžืฆืื”ื• ื‘ืืจืฅ ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ืื•ืชื ืžืฆื ืœื• ื ืืžื ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืงื‘ืœื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ืชื•ืจืชื• ื•ืžืœื›ื•ืชื• ื•ืขื•ืœื•. ื™ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื ื”ื•, ืฉื ืกื‘ื‘ื ื•ื”ืงื™ืคื ื‘ืขื ื ื™ื, ื•ืกื‘ื‘ื ื‘ื“ื’ืœื™ื ืœืืจื‘ืข ืจื•ื—ื•ืช, ื•ืกื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ื”ืจ ืฉื›ืคื”ื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ื›ื’ื™ื’ื™ืช.

ื•ื”ื ื” ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืคืœื™ืื” ืžื” ื”ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื ื ื™ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืื”ื‘ืช ื”’ ื‘ื—ื•ืฉ ืฉืจืื• ืฉืฉืžืœืชืš ืœื ื‘ืœืชื” ืžืขืœื™ืš, ื”ื ื”ืจื™ ืœื ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื• ืืช ื”ืฉืžืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืขื ื ื™ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ื•ื”ืขื ื ื™ื ื’ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื™ื™ืฉืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื™ืจื• ื—ื™ืฆื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ื ”ื™ ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ื™ื™ื›ื ืก ื”ื—ืฅ ื‘ื™, (ืขื™’ ืจืฉ”ื™ ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื˜, ื–) ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื’ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ื”ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ืœื›ืคื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืจ, ืืœื ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื›ืคื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืจ ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืื”ื‘ืช ื”’.

ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืฉืžืฆืื ื• ื‘ื’ืž’ ื‘ืข”ื–: ื›ืš ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื• ืจื‘ืฉ”ืข ื›ืœื•ื ื›ืคื™ืช ืขืœื™ื ื• ื”ืจ ื›ื’ื™ื’ื™ืช ื•ืœื ืงื‘ืœื ื•ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืขืฉื™ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื›ื•’ ืžื™ื“ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉืžื™ืขื•ื ื• ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉืžื™ืขื ื• ืฉื‘ืข ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœืชื ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืžืชื ื•ืžื ืœืŸ ื“ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžื•ื ื“ืชื ื™ ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืขืžื“ ื•ื™ืžื•ื“ื“ ืืจืฅ ืจืื” ื•ื™ืชืจ ื’ื•ื™ื ืžืื™ ืจืื”, ืจืื” ื–’ ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉืงื‘ืœื• ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื ื— ื•ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžื•ื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ืงื™ื™ืžื•ื ืขืžื“ ื•ื”ืชื™ืจืŸ ืœื”ืŸ. (ื‘, ื‘).

ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื–ื›ื” ืœื’ื“ืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ื•ืฉืžื—ื™ื, ืืžื ื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ื—ืช ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืจ ื•ืœื ืœืชืช ืœื™ืœื“ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื”, ืชืžื™ื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฆื™ื‘ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืœืคื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืช ืœื™ืœื“ ืœืฉื—ืง ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืกื•ืืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ ืžืื•ื“ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉื—ืง ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืฉื, ื‘ื›ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ ืœื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืชืŸ ืœื™ืœื“ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืืœ ืชืœื—ื™ืฅ ืื•ืชื•, ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื›ื–ื” ื”ืื‘ื ื™ื›ื” ืื•ืชื•, ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ืœื™ืœื“.

ืคืขื ืฉืืœืชื™ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืœื ืœืžื“ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขื ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœื™ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืฉื™ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื”, ื”ืจื™ ืื ื”ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื• ื™ืจืฆื” ืœืจื•ืฅ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื™ื’ื™ื“ ืฉื™ืขืฉื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื”, ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืœื, ืจืง ืฉื‘ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืžืคืจื™ืข ืœื• ื””ื™, ื•ื”ืคืกื“ ื‘ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื–ื” ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื ืฆื—ื™, ื•ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืื™ืš ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ืขื ื”ื™ืœื“ ื‘ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื‘ืชื‘ื•ื ื”.

ื›ืคื” ืขืœื™ื”ื – ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืชื

ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืคื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื”ื‘ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืžื—ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืขื•ื“ ื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืื—ื“ ืœืงื— ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืœื™ื, ื•ื›ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืจืื• ืฉื”ื’ืœื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื•ืžืžืฉ ืกื›ื ื” ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก, ื”ื™ืœื“ ื‘ื•ื›ื” ืœืื‘ื™ื• ื•ืžื‘ืงืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก, ื”ื•ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืื›ื–ื‘ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืื‘ื™ื• ืœื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื• ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ ืื•ืžืจ ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื˜ื‘ืข (ืืชื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื), ื•ืื ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื™ื›ื ืก ื”ื™ืœื“ ืœื™ื ืื‘ื™ื• ื™ื›ื” ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืกื›ื ื”, ื•ื”ืกื˜ื™ืจื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืกื˜ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืื”ื‘ื”, ื”ืื‘ื ื“ื•ืื’ ืœื—ื™ื™ื•, ื”ื•ื ืื‘ื ืจื—ืžืŸ, ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื™ืœื“ ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื™ืœืš ืœืื‘ื“ื•ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ื›ืคื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื”ื‘ื”. ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืื—ืจ ืื ื”ืื‘ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ื•ื™ื’ื™ื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืชืช ืœื‘ื ื• ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ื”ื•ื ืื‘ื ืื›ื–ืจ, ืœื ืื›ืคืช ืœื• ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ ื‘ื ื•.

ื ืžืฆื ื”ื› ืฉืื•ืชื” ืื”ื‘ืช ื”’ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืขื ื ื™ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื‘ื“ื’ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืื”ื‘ืช ื”’ ื‘ื›ืคื™ื™ื” ืฉื›ืคื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ืจ ื›ื’ื™ื’ื™ืช.

ื›ืขืช ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื›ืคื™ื™ืช ื”ืจ, ื”ืจื™ ื›ื•ืœื ืืžืจื• ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข, ื•ื›ืš ื”ืงืฉื• ื”ืชื•ืก’ ื•ืชื™ืจืฆื•: ืฉืžื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื›ืฉื™ืจืื• ื”ืืฉ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉื™ืฆืืชื” ื ืฉืžืชืŸ. (ืฉื‘ืช ืคื—, ื).

ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืžื”ืจ”ืœ ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืกืคืจื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืžืจื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข ืื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื” ื•ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืื•ืœื ื”ืื“ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื’ื ื›ืคื™ื™ื” ืœืชื•ืจื”, ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข ื–ื” ืจื•ื ื”ืžืขืœื” ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื”ื›ืœ, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืคื’ ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืจื•ืžืžื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืืœื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื›ืคื™ื™ื”, ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื’ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘, ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื“ ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื™ืฉ ื–ืžื ื™ ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ื™ื‘ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉืื– ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื.

ื ืชืืจ ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ืื‘ืจืš ืฉื ื›ื ืก ืœื›ื•ืœืœ ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื ืืœื™ื• ืื—ื“ ื•ื™ื’ื™ื“ ืœื• ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืืชื” ืชืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืืชื” ื ืžืฆื ื”ื™ื•ื, ืœื ืชืชืงื“ื ื›ืœื•ื, ื™ืฉ ืงืœืœื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžื–ื•, ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืชืงื“ื ืžื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ื, ื–ื• ื”ืฉืื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“, ืจืง ื™ืฉ ืคืขืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืฆืข, ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ื—ื›ืžื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื“ืจื‘ืŸ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืฉื™ืขืœื” ืžืขืœื” ืžืขืœื”, ื‘”ื” ืคื” ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžืื‘ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื‘ืชื‘ื•ื ื”, ืžืจืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ืื”ืจืŸ ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ืจืืฉื™ ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืงืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ืจื›ื™ื.

ืื ื™ื‘ื•ื ืจืืฉ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืœืื‘ืจืš ื•ื™ื’ื™ื“ ืœื• ืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืœื•ืžืจ ื—ื‘ื•ืจื” (ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื•ื ื‘ื—ื›ืžื” ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื• ืฉื™ืงื‘ืœ ืชื•ืกืคืช ืžืœื’ื” ื•ื›ื“’), ืื• ื™ื‘ื•ื ืจืืฉ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื•ื™ื’ื™ื“ ืœื• ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืกื›ืช, ื•ื™ืขื•ื“ื“ ืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืœื–ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื™ื•ื“ื” ืœื• ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื• ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืกื›ืช ื›ื•ืœื”, ื”ืื“ื ืฉืžื— ื›ืฉืžืœื—ื™ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช.

ืžืขืชื” ื›ืคื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ืจ ื›ื’ื™ื’ื™ืช, ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื•ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื™ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืงื™ื™ืžื”.

ืขื–ื” ื›ืžื•ืช ื•ืงืฉื” ื›ืฉืื•ืœ ืงื ืืชื”

ื•ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื ื—ื•ืžื ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื ื— ืฉืžื‘ืืจ ื’”ื› ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข: ื•ืื ืชืืžืจ, ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื›ืคื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ืืช ื”ื”ืจ, ื•ื”ืœื ืžืฉืขื” ืฉืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ืŸ ืืชื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืขื ื• ื›ื•ืœื ื•ืืžืจื• ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ื™ื’ื™ืขื” ื•ืฆืขืจ ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืขื˜ (ื ”ื ืืœื ืžืขื˜), ืืœื ืืžืจ ืœื”ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื”, ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื“ืงื“ื•ืงื™ ืžืฆื•ืช ืงืœื•ืช ื•ื—ืžื•ืจื•ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื ืขื–ื” ื›ืžื•ืช ื•ืงืฉื” ื›ืฉืื•ืœ ืงื ืืชื” ื•ื›ื•’ (ื ื—, ืื•ืช ื’).

ื•ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืฉื˜ ืžื” ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ืจืฆื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืข”ืค, ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉืจืฆื• ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื›ืฆื“ื•ืงื™ื ื””ื™, ื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืข”ืค, ืžื™ ืฉืžืงื™ื™ื ืจืง ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืœื™ ื—ื–”ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืชื’ื™ื“ื• ืœื™ ืื™ืš ื ืจืื™ื ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ, ืžื” ื–ื” ื•ืงืฉืจืชื ืœืื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ืš, ื•ืื ื–ื” ื›ืŸ ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืฆื•ืจื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ, ื•ืœื–ื” ื™ืฉ ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืฉื” ืžืกื™ื ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื•ืžืจื•ื‘ืข ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ืžืงื•ื ื”ื ื—ืชืŸ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื–ื•ื– ื‘ืœื™ ื—ื–”ืœ.

ืืœื ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื ืจืฆื• ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืœื ืจืฆื• ื–ื” ื”ืขืžืœ ื•ื”ื™ื’ื™ืขื” ื”ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื”, ื•ื›ื”ืžืฉืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื ื—ื•ืžื ืฉื: ืœื ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื•ืœื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื•ืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืืœื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ืงืฉื” ืœืœืžื“ ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืฆืขืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืœื” ืœื—ื•ืฉืš, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื”ืขื ื”ื”ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฉืš ืจืื• ืื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืืœื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืฉืจืื• ืื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืฉื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืžืื™ืจ ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื•ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื‘ื˜ืžื ื•ื‘ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ื•ืœืขืช”ืœ ื•ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื• ื›ืฆืืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื• ื•ื›ื•’. (ื ื— ืฉื).

(ืื’ื‘, ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืฉืœ ื•ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื• ื›ืฆืืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื• ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื’ืž’ ื‘ื™ื•ืžื ื›ื’, ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืืžืจ ืขืœ ื”ื ืขืœื‘ื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื ืขื•ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ื›ื•’, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืขืœ ืืœื• ื”ืขืกื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืข”ืค, ื•ืขื™’ ื‘ื‘”ื‘ ื—, ื‘).

ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉื ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืœ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืข”ืค: ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื•ืžื“ ืื•ืชื” ืืœื ืžื™ ืฉืื•ื”ื‘ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื• ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื ืคืฉื• ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืื“ื•, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ืื”ื‘ืช ืืช ื”’ ืืœื•ืงื™ืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื‘ืš ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื ืคืฉืš ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืื•ื“ืš.

ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ืœืœื•, ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” ืจื™ืฉ ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื ื ืจืื” ื‘ื”ืคืš ื•ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” ืฉื: ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ื’ื™ืข ื”ืื“ื ืœืื”ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ืข”ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื›ื“ืื™ืชื ื‘ืกืคืจื™ ืœืคื™ ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ืื”ื‘ืช ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ืช”ืœ ื•ื”ื™ื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืืฉืจ ืื ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืš ื”ื™ื•ื ืขืœ ืœื‘ื‘ืš ืฉืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืืชื” ืžื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืžื™ ืฉืืžืจ ื•ื”ื™ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืข”ื™ ื”ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื™ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื’ื“ื•ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืขืจืš ื•ืœื ืงืฅ ื•ืชืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื• ื‘ื”ื›ืจื—. ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืื”ื‘ืช ื”’ ื”ื•ื ืœื•ืžื“ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื ืจื—ื™ื‘ ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ืขื–ื”ื™”ืช ื‘ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืื—ืจืช.

ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื™”ืช ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืขืžืœื• ื•ื™ืชื™ื™ื’ืขื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื•ืœื™ื‘ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื™ ืฉื”ืคืฉื˜ ืฉืชื•ืก’ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื–ื” ืœื ืกืชื™ืจื” ืœืžื“ืจืฉ, ืืœื ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื‘ื ”ื™ ืคื—ื“ ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืฉืชื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืื• ืฉืคื—ื“ื• ืžื”ืืฉ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืื• ืฉื—ืฉืฉื• ืฉืœื ื™ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืขืžืœ ื•ื”ื™ื’ื™ืขื” ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืœืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืข”ืค ื•ื”ื ืคื—ื“ื• ืœื”ืฉืืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืฉืš, ื•ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืคื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ืจ ื›ื’ื™ื’ื™ืช.

ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉืš ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืื•ืจ

ื•ืขืœ ืขืฆื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ืžืฉืœื” ืœื—ื•ืฉืš ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืจื™ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ื™ ื ืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื•ืชื•ืจื” ืื•ืจ, ืืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืฉื•ืœื” ืœื—ื•ืฉืš, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืœื ื—ื•ืฉืš, ื•ื ื™ืงื— ืžืฉืœ ืžื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“, ืื“ื ืฉื”ื–ืžื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื• ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื’ื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ืžื˜ืขืžื™ื, ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืื•ืœื ืืœื ืฉืื– ืงืคืฅ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื•ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืจื•ืš ืืช ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžืืžืฅ ืจื‘ ืžื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืื•ืจ, ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช ื ืขืจื›ื” ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื•ืช ืœืื›ื•ืœ, ื ืฉืืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื—ืฉื›ื” ื”ืื ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื—ืฉื•ืš ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืœื, ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืฆื‘ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื• ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื”, ื”ื™ื” ื—ืฉื•ืš.

ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืื•ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืฉืš, ื”ื“ืจืš ื—ืฉื•ื›ื”, ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืžืœ ื•ื™ื’ื™ืขื” ืขื“ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืขืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ื•ืžืื™ืจื™ื, ื•ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื• ืคื—ื“ื• ื‘ื ”ื™ ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืืžืจื• ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืื” ื”ื›ืคื™ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื”ื.

ื•ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ื™”ืช ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืžื” ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ ืžื“ื•ืข ืื– ืงื™ื‘ืœื•ื” ืžืื”ื‘ื”, ืžื” ื”ืฉืชื ื” ืžืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื”ืขืžืœ ื•ื”ื™ื’ื™ืขื” ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื›ืคื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ืจ, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืžื™ ืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ืžืื”ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื”.

ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืžืฉื ”ื‘ ืขืœ ืชืคื™ืœืช ื™ื•”ื› ืงื˜ืŸ: ื•ื™ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœืžื ื—ื” ืกื“ืจ ื™ื•ื””ื› ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื˜ืขื ืœืฉื ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืœืคื™ ืžื” ื“ืื™ืชื ื‘ืคืจ”ื— ื“ืžื”ืจ”ื ืงื•ืจื“ื•ื•ื™ืจื• ื–”ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ืจื ืื•ืชื• ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ืœืคื™ ืฉื‘ื• ืžืชื›ืคืจื™ื ืขื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื“ืฉืขื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืจ”ื— ื•ื›ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ืกืฃ ื–ืžืŸ ื›ืคืจื” ืœื›ืœ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืชื. (ืกื™’ ืชื™”ื– ืก”ื“).ย  ื•ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืง’ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ืจ”ื— ืžื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืื“ื ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื“ืจ ื’ ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืœื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžื™ ืฉื™ืงื— ืข”ืข ืขื•ืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื™ื–ื›ื” ืœืื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.

ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ืขืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ืฉืžื—ื” ืขื ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื™ืช ืžืœื ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”’

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Reznick, Harav Hagaon Elimelech Shlita

Spreading Kevod Shomayim Like Never Before!

Parashas Terumah

Harav Hagaon Elimelech Reznik Shlita

When Klal Yisrael sang shirah at the Yam Suf, they declared:ื–ึถื” ืงึตืœึดื™ ื•ึฐืึทื ึฐื•ึตื”ื•ึผ ืึฑืœึนืงึตื™ ืึธื‘ึดื™ ื•ึทืึฒืจึนืžึฐืžึถื ึฐื”ื•ึผ . From perceiving Hashem at the Yam Suf โ€” ื–ึถื” ืงึตืœึดื™ โ€” they made a kabbalah of ื•ึฐืึทื ึฐื•ึตื”ื•ึผ, which Targum Onkelos translates as ื•ืื‘ื ื™ ืœื™ื” ืžืงื“ืฉ, meaning that we will build for Hakadosh Baruch Hu a Beis Hamikdash.

Rav Hirsch, on Chumash, explains that this doesnโ€™t mean the actual Beis Hamikdash, but rather a ื ื•ื”, which means an established resting place. In other words, the kabbalah that Klal Yisrael made was to make themselves into a Beis Hamikdash. They reached a madreigah where they perceived the ื–ึถื” ืงึตืœึดื™, seeing the yeshuah that Hakadosh Baruch Hu did for them. This yeshuah wasnโ€™t only a collective salvation, it extended to every individual; they saw how Hakadosh Baruch Hu was supervising each and every one of them personally โ€” ืงึตืœึดื™.

Besides seeing the gadlus of Hakadosh Baruch Huโ€™s yad hachazakah, they also experienced His immense chavivus for them, in the way He took care of them throughout Krias Yam Suf. Indeed, Chazal describe the nissim Hashem performed for the children, for the old people โ€” everyone had exactly what they needed. There was fresh water to drink, fruits coming out of the walls, and so on. This brought them to feel such great love for Hashem and experience such an intense desire to be connected to Him that they made a kabbalah of ื•ึฐืึทื ึฐื•ึตื”ื•ึผ, with which, Rav Hirsch explains, they expressed that their entire existence in life would be to increase kevod Shamayim โ€” to bring greater recognition of Hakadosh Baruch Hu into the world and become a resting place for the Shechinah.

The Holiest Spot

This weekโ€™s parshah discusses the Mishkan, which was a physical dwelling place for the Shechinah. But what brought the Shechinah into the Mishkan? What is the Mishkanโ€™s core feature?

I heard the following idea from Rโ€™ Moshe Shmuel Shapiro, the rosh yeshiva of Beโ€™er Yaakov. The Mishnah teaches that geographically, there are ten levels of kedushah. Eretz Yisrael is the holiest of all other lands in the world, and within Eretz Yisrael there are ascending levels of kedushah; for instance, the cities that are surrounded by walls have more kedushah than other cities in Eretz Yisrael. Within the walls of Yerushalayim there are differing levels of kedushah as well: har habayis, the cheil, the ezras nashim, the ezras Yisrael, the ezras kohanim, between the ulam and the mizbeiโ€™ach, the heichal (kodesh), and finally the kodesh hakodashim, which only the Kohen Gadol may enter, and only on Yom Kippur.

Rโ€™ Moshe Shmuel took this idea further, noting that within the kodesh hakodashim itself, if we would want to pinpoint which part of the room is the most sanctified, it is the space atop the aron, between the two keruvim, from where Hakadosh Baruch Hu spoke to Moshe: ื•ึฐื ื•ึนืขึทื“ึฐืชึดึผื™ ืœึฐืšึธ ืฉึธืื.

If so, if we would know what the keruvim are all about then we would be privy to the secret of what it is that brings the Shechinah.

Keruvim are Chavrusos

The Rishonim โ€” Rabbeinu Bechaye and others โ€” give many different explanations, but R’ Moshe Shmuel cited the Baal Haturimโ€™s comment, regarding the passuk ื•ึฐืขึธืฉึดื‚ื™ืชึธ ืฉึฐืื ึทื™ึดื ื›ึฐึผืจึปื‘ึดื™ื, that the keruvim were ื›ืžื• ืฉื ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ื•ืฉืื™ืŸ ื•ื ื•ืชื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื”, like two chavrusas โ€” two yeshiva bachurim, two yungerleit, or two baalei batim โ€” sitting and learning. Thatโ€™s what the keruvim were.

The Chasam Sofer adds that the spreading of the wings at the head of each keruv was a depiction of the letter shin, and those two shins together represented the word ืฉึธื‚ืฉื‚, as in the passuk ืฉึธื‚ืฉื‚ ืึธื ึนื›ึดื™ ืขึทืœ ืึดืžึฐืจึธืชึถืšึธ, meaning that the keruvim portrayed two chavrusas learning bโ€™simchah โ€” and that is where the Shechinah appeared.

This is an incredible idea! With all the many things that are happening on this planet, you can have, perhaps on a Friday afternoon, two bachurim sitting in a corner of the beis midrash and learning bโ€™chavrusa โ€” and that is where the Eibishter is! Where thereโ€™s Torah, thatโ€™s where thereโ€™s hashraโ€™as haShechinah. And when a person learns Torah, thatโ€™s what brings the Shechinah upon him and his home.

The Kli Yakar says that all the remazim in the Mishkan allude to how the Shechinah rests upon each and every Yid. This idea echoes the Alshichโ€™s observation that when the passuk states ื•ึฐืขึธืฉื‚ื•ึผ ืœึดื™ ืžึดืงึฐื“ึธึผืฉื ื•ึฐืฉึธืื›ึทื ึฐืชึดึผื™ ื‘ึฐึผืชื•ึนื›ึธื, it is conveying that the Shechinah rests in each and every Yid, since the term used is ื‘ึฐึผืชื•ึนื›ึธื (โ€œin themโ€) and not ื‘ึฐึผืชื•ึนื›ื•ึน (โ€œin itโ€). When we represent what the Mishkan is, through our Torah, that is what brings hashraโ€™as haShechinah. This is the message conveyed by the Baal Haturim.

A similar concept is expressed by the Bach (Hilchos Birchos HaTorah 47), regarding the Gemaraโ€™s statement that the Beis Hamikdash was destroyed because the people did not recite birchos haTorah before learning. When a person learns Torah lishmah, thatโ€™s where the Shechinah is, because he makes himself into a heichal for Hakadosh Baruch Hu โ€” but when he doesnโ€™t learn Torah lishmah, the opposite happens, causing churban, because the Shechinah cannot be connected to the world below.

New Nooks and Crannies

Returning to passuk ื–ึถื” ืงึตืœึดื™ ื•ึฐืึทื ึฐื•ึตื”ื•ึผ ืึฑืœึนืงึตื™ ืึธื‘ึดื™ ื•ึทืึฒืจึนืžึฐืžึถื ึฐื”ื•ึผ, Rav Hirsch explains that the phrase ืึฑืœึนืงึตื™ ืึธื‘ึดื™ ื•ึทืึฒืจึนืžึฐืžึถื ึฐื”ื•ึผ means that while we already have a tradition from our Avos about recognizing Hashem and bringing about kevod Shamayim, we are resolving to elevate Him even more, as each generation builds more places for hashraโ€™as haShechinah and promotes greater recognition of Hakadosh Baruch Hu. How is this possible? The earlier generations were so much greater than we are, so how can we bring about more hashraโ€™as haShechinah than they did?

The answer is illustrated in the following story.

Rโ€™ Yehoshua of Belz, known as the โ€œmittelsteh Rebbe,โ€ was once traveling on a train, and his chassidim told him that soon the train would travel through a new tunnel that had been dug deep in the ground. After hearing this, the Rebbe kept asking when they would be entering the tunnel, to the point that the chassidim were bewildered by the interest he was expressing. Finally, when the train reached the dark tunnel, they told the Rebbe, โ€œNow!โ€ To their surprise, he stood up and screamed, ืฉึฐืืžึทืข ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ื”’ ืึฑืœึนืงึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื”’ ืึถื—ึธื“!

Later, he explained to his chassidim that he wanted to be mekabel ol malchus Shamayim in a place where no one had even done so before. He was bringing the Eibishter into new nooks and crannies and dark places that had never been illuminated with His presence before.

Rabbosai, this is the avodah of each generation. Every generation has its nisyonos, which become more and more challenging as time goes on. In our time, we are faced with difficult nisyonos โ€” in inyanei kedushah, in inyanei mammonos, and in other areas โ€” that didnโ€™t exist before. These are deep, dark tunnels that our holy ancestors never had to go through.

When we are mekabel to learn Torah in difficult times and places, and we manage to keep ourselves kadosh and bring kedushah into our homes when so much is going on in our lives, that is the fulfillment of ื•ึฐืึทื ึฐื•ึตื”ื•ึผ, done in a manner of ืึฑืœึนืงึตื™ ืึธื‘ึดื™ ื•ึทืึฒืจึนืžึฐืžึถื ึฐื”ื•ึผ. We are elevating Hakadosh Baruch Hu more than previous generations did, and bringing hashraโ€™as haShechinah to different places and times, and to nooks and crannies where it never existed before. The Shechinah is moving deeper into the world and spreading all over, through our ื•ึทืึฒืจึนืžึฐืžึถื ึฐื”ื•ึผ.

Each of us should indeed be zocheh to be a worthy dwelling place for the Shechinah, and to be davuk to it.

Gut Shabbos.

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