ืืืจื ืจืืืชืื ื
Moreinu Hagaon Harav Eliyahu Baruch Finkel ,ztโl
ืืืืืจ ืฉืืืื, ืืืฉืจ ืฉืืื ืื ืฉืื ืืจืื ืื ืชืฉืื ืื ืฉืื ืืื, ืืืฉืกืฃ ืฉืืืื ืืช ืืื (ืืคืืจืช ืืืืจ)
ืืืชื ืืืืงืื: ื”ืจ ืืื ืืฉื ืจ’ ืืืื ื ืื ืืื ืขืืฉืื ืื”ื ืฉื ืขืืืง ืืืฉืจืื, ืืื ืืืชืืื ืืืืืชืืื ืืื’, ืื ืฉืืืื ืืคืจืข ืืื ืฉื ื’ ืืืฉืกืฃ ืฉืืืื ืืช ืืื ืืื’. ืจ’ ืืื ืืจ ืืื ื ืืืจ ืืื ืืืชื ืืืฉืจื ืืืชืื ืืืชืื ืืืืืื ืื ืขืืืืช, ืื”ื ืืืื ืืื ืขืืจื ืืจืืจ ืื ืืืชื ืจืขื, ืข”ื. ืืืืืจ ืฉืืจื ืฉืืืื ืืช ืืื ืืืื ืขืืืง.
ืื ืฆ”ื: ืืืคืก’ ืืืืืจ “ืืืฉืจ ืฉืืื ืื ืฉืื ืืจืื” ืืื’, ืืฉืืข ืฉืืจืื ืืืื ืจืืฆื?
ืืจืื”ื (ืืืืื ื,ื): ื”ืข ืืืื ืืืจ ืขืืืง ืฉื ืืืจ ืชืืื ืืช ืืืจ ืขืืืง, ืื”ืข ืืืืืจ ืชืืื ืืขืฉืื ืืจืขืื ืืืจืืืชื ืืื ืืขืืจืจ ืืืืชื, ืฉื ื’ ืืืืจ ืืช ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื ืื ืขืืืง ืืื’. ืขื”ื. ืืืืืจ ืืขืืงืจ ืืฆืืืช ืืืืจืช ืืขืฉื ืขืืืง ืืื ืืื ืืขืืจืจ ืืืืชื ืืฉื ืืชื.
ืืื ืืจืื”ื (ืกื”ื ืข’ ืงืคื): ืฉืฆืืื ื ืืืืืจ ืื ืฉืขืฉื ืื ื ืขืืืง ืืื’ ืืืฉื ืื ืืืชื ืืื ืขืช ืืขืช ืื ืขืืจืจ ืื ืคืฉืืช ืืืืืจืื ืืืืืื ืื ืืื’. “ืืื ืชืจืื ืฉืืืื ืืืชืืืื ืืขืฉืืช ืืืฆืื ืืืืช ืืื ืขืฉื, ืฉืืื ืืืจ ืชืืืืช ืืขืฉืื ืืจืข ืืื”ื ืฆืืื ืืืืจืื ืืื’. ืขื”ื.
ืืฆ”ื: ืืืจืื”ื ืขืืกืง ืืืฆืืืช ืืืืจืช ืืขืฉื ืขืืืง ืืืืื ืจืืื ืืฉืืืื ืฉืขืกืง ืืืฆืืช ืืืืืช ืขืืืง?
ืืืืืจ ืืขืช ืืจืื”ื ืืืืืจื ืืืืื ืืื ื ืืฆืืืช ื ืคืจืืืช, ืืื ืืืืืจื ืขื ืืื ื ืืืืืืจ ืืช ืืฉื ืื ืืขืืืง ืืืืืื ืืงืืื ืืืืืื. ืืื ืืืืืจ ืฉืืืืืื ืขืฆืื ืืงืืื ืืฆืืืช ืืืืจื.
ืืืืืจ ืฉืืฉืื ืฉืืืื ืืืจืื ืืช ืืื, ืขืกืง ืืืฆืืืช ืืืืจื ืืืคืืื ืืืืืจ ืืขืฉืื ืืจืขืื, ืืขื”ื ืืืืืจื ืืขืืจืจ ืืืืชื ืืขื”ื ืืืืข ืืืืืืชื.
ืืืชืืืฉ ืืคืก’ ืฉืื ืืืืืจืช ืจืฆืืืืชืื ืฉื ืขืืืง ืืื”ื, ืืื ืฉืืืืืจ ืฉืืืื, ืืงืืื ืืฆืืืช ืืืืจื ืข”ื ืฉืืืืืจ ืฉื ืืชื. ืืื ื ืจืื ืืืจืื”ื (ืกืืฃ ืื-ืชืฆื) ืฉืืืืจ ืืืงืจืืืช ืืืืืื ืืืืืจืช ืืขืฉื ืืื ืืื ืขื ืืื ืฉื ืฉืืืจืช ืืขืฉื ืขืืืง. (ืืืชืจืืื ืฉื ื ืืืชื ืฉืงืจืื ืืกืชืจ ืค’ ืืืืจ ืืืืื ืืคื ื ืืืื, ืืืืื ื ืืงืืื ืืืืจื ืืื ื ืืืื.)
ืืืจื ื ืืืืื ืืจื ืืืืื ืืจืื ืคืื ืงื ืืฆืืื”ื
ืืืจื ืืืืื
Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Nosson Tzvi Finkel ztโl
ืืืงืื ืื ืชืจืืื – ืืฉืื
ืกืืคืจ ืืจื”ื ืจืื ืืจืืื ืืคื ืฉืืื”ื: ืืืฉืจ ืืชืืืืื ืืืื ืืจื ืจืืฉ ืืืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืจื ื ืชื ืฆืื ืคืื ืงื ืืฆืืื”ืย ืืืืืื ืืช ืืจืืืฉืช ืืื ืืื ืฉืื ื ืื ื ืืืช ืืืืจืฉ ‘ืคืจืืืื’, ืื ืืื ืืจืฉืืชื ืืืกืฃ ืฉื ืืจืฉ ืืฆืืจื ืืขืืกืงื ืืื ืชืืจื ืืืืืื ืืจืืืฉื ืืืื ืื. ืืืื ืืขืค”ื ืืจื ืืฆ”ื ืื ืืืกืก ืืืชื ืขื ืืขืืกืงื ืืจืืืฉืช ืืืื ื ืืื ืืืช ืืืช ืืืืจืฉ.
ืืืืื, ืืืืขื ืฉืืกืจ ืืจื ืืฆ”ื ืืืืืจื ืืืฉืืื ืืืืจ ืืื ืกืืคืจ ืฉืืฉ ืืืื ืืืกืืืขืื ืืืื ืืืืืืช ืืงืืืฉ ืืืฉืืื, ืฉืื ืืื ืืจืืฆืื ืืื ืฉืืื ื ืืืฉ ืืื ืืช ืืื ืฉืงืืื ืชืจืืื ืืฉื ืื.
ืืฉื ืกืข ืืื”ื ืืืื ืจ ืฉืขืจืื ืืืฉืืื, ืืืืืจ ืขื ื ืืืืื ืืชืจืื ืขืืืจ ืงื ืืืช ืืงืจืงืข, ืื ืงืืื ืืื ืชืฉืืื.
ืงืจืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ืขืืื ืืฉืื ืชืฉืืื ืืืื, ืืชืงืฉืจื ืืืื ืืืฉืจื ืืืฉืืื ืืืจื”ื, ืืืืฉืจื ืื ืฉืืื ืื ืืืืื ืฉืจืืื ื ืืื ืืฆืื ืืกืืื ืืชืจืื ืกืืื ื ืืื, ืฉืืืกื ืืช ืื ืืขืืืืืช ืืืืืืืช ืฉื ืืื ืื. ืืฉืฉืืข ืจืืื ื ืืช ืืืืจืื ืืืงื ืื ืืื. ืืื ืืชืงืฉืจ ืืขืืืชืื ืืื ืืืช ืืืฉืืื ืืกืืคืจ ืืื ืฉืืืืขื ืชืจืืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืฆืืืช.
ืืืืจ ืืก’ ืืืื ืืชืืจืจ ืฉืื ืืื ืืืื ืืชืช ืืช ืืชืจืืื ืจืง ืืชืฉืืืืื. ืฉืื ื ืคื ืขืื ืืกืคื ืืื, ืืื ื ืืื ื, ืขื ืฆืืืืจื ืฉื ืจื”ื.
ืืืจ ืจืืื ื ืืฉืืืชื: “ืืจืื ืืฉื, ืื ืืชืฉืืืืื ืื ืืกื ืืืื ืืืงื”ื. ืืืื ืชืืขื, ืฉืืกืืื ืฉืื ืงืืืืชื ืืช ืืชืจืืื ืืชืฉืืื ืืื, ืื ืฉืืื ืืงื ืขืื ืืืื, ืืื ืืคื ื ืฉืืชืงืฉืจืชื ืืกืคืจ ืขื ืื ืืืชืืืืชื!”
ืืกืคืจ ืจืื ืืจืืื: “ืืื ืื ืืฉืืืข ืฉืจืืื ื ืืฉืคืื ืืช ืขืฆืื ืืกืืคืืจืื ืืืื ืืคื ื ืชืืืืืื, ืืืื ืืืืจ ืืืืขื ืฉืืืชื ืืืชื: ืืื ืื ืืชืื ืฉืืื ืฉืื ืืืื ืฉืืืืจื ืืืืื ืืืชื ืืืกืคืจ ืืืช ืืืืจืื?! ืืื ืจืืื ื ืืืืจ ืฉืืื ืืชืืื?! ืืืจ ืื ืืจื: ืืชื ืฆืืืง, ืืื ืคืื ืืขืฆื ืืกืืคืืจ, ืืืจืื ืื ืืืจื ืืืืืชืืช ืืกืคืจ ืขื ืืกืื ืืฉื”ืช ืืืฉืืืชื ืืคืจืืืช. ืืืื ืื ื ืืืืข ืืช ืืืืช ืฉืืชืืืชื.”
ืืฉืืืื ืืืื
Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shpitzer Shlita
ืชืจืืื
ืืืฉ ืืื ืงืื
ืกื ื’ ืก”ื ืืฆืืื ืืื ืื ื”ื ืืฉืขืฉื ืืืฉืื, ืืืืืืื ืืื ืืืืจืืช ืจืืฉืื ืื ืืืืืื ืฆืขืืจืื ืืืจื ืืื ืืงื ื ืืื ืืื ืื ื’ ืฉื ื ืืฉื ืฉืื ืืจืื ืืช ื”ื, ืืข”ื ืืืืืื ืื ืฆืขืืจืื. ืืื ืืืืืื ืฉื ืืืืืชืืคื. ืืืชืืก’ ืฉื ืื”ื ืืืืจืืช ืืื ืืืืื ืฉืขืจืืช ืคืืืช ืืื ื”ื ืื ืชืืืืื ืืืฆืืืช ืืืื ืฉืืืืื ืฉืขืจืืช, ืืื ืืืื ืืืืืข ืื ื ืขื ืื ื”ื ืืื ืจืง ืืืจืืช ืืืจืื ืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืขื ืื ื”ื.
ืืื ืืฉื”ืช ืืจื”ืฉ ืืื ื”ื ืืชื ืืืื ืืืฉื ืืกืื ื ืจืง ืืื ื”ื. ืืืชืื ืืืืืง ืขื ืชืืก’ ืืืคืืื ืืืจืืช ืจืืฉืื ืื ืื ื ืชืืืืื. ืืืืืจืื ืฆ”ื ืืืื ืืืฉ ืืชืืจื ืืืื ื ืืืื ืฉืชื ืฉืขืจืืช ืืฉ ืขืื ืืืื ืืืขื ืื ื”ื. ืืืฉ ืืืกืืืจ ืืืชืจ ืืคื ืื”ืฉ ืคื”ื ืื ืืจืื ืืื ืื ืืขืืงืจ ืชืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืฃ ืืืืืื ืื ืืืืืช ืืืื. ืืื ื ืืกื ื’ ืก”ื ืชืืื ืืืืืื ืืืชืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืฉ ืืื ืื ื”ื ื ”ื ืืืฉ ืืืฉื ืืฉืื ืืื ื ืืชืืจื. ืืืคื ืืจื”ืฉ ื”ืฉ ืืืื ืืืฉ ืืืืื ืจืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืฉ ืืืื ืืืฉื ืืกืื ื ืจืง ืื ื”ื ืืื ืืืืื.
ืืืื’ ืืคื”ื ื”ื ืื ืืืื ืืืฉื ืืกืื ื ืืื’ ื ”ื ืจืง ืืขื ืื ืืืจืืช ืืจืืฉืื ืื ืื ืืื”ื ืืื”ื ืืขื ืฉืขืจืืช ืืืื ืฉืขืจืืช ืขื ืื ื”ื.
ืืื ืข’ ืืื”ื ื’ ื’ ืืื ื”ื ืฉื ื ืืฉืจ ืืืืื ืืฃ ืืื ืฉืขืจืืช ืืจืข”ื ืื”ื ืจื”ื ื’ ืืืืืจื ืฉืืื ืืืืข ืื ืืืื ืฉืขืจืืช ืืื ืืืื ืืืฉืื ืืืจืืฉืืื ืืฉืืข ืืคืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืืื ืื”ื ืืกื”ืข ืกืง”ื. ืืฆ”ืข ืืืื ืืฆืื ื ืืื ืื ื”ื ืื”ืฆ ืฉืขืจืืช. ืืื ืืฆืื ื ืืืช ืืืืจ ืืืข”ื ื”ื ื”ื ืืขื ืื ืขื ื’ ื ืืื ืืืืกืืจืื ืื”ืช ืืื ื”ื ืืื ืฉืขืจืืช.
ืืชื’ ืืฉืืช ืืฉื ืคืกืืื ืกื’ ื ”ื ืืืื ืืงืื ืืืขื ืืืฉ ืืขื ืฉืขืจืืช. ืื ืืฆืย ืืขื ืื ืงืืืฉืื ืืขื ืฉืขืจืืช ืืืชืื ืืืฉ, ืข’ ืจืฉ”ื ืืชืืืืช ืข”ื ืข”ื ืืืชืื ืื ืืงื ืืืฉ, ืืืขื ืื ืืืืฆื ืืืชืื ืื ืื ืืืคืืฅ ืืืืฉ, ืืข’ ืืืืืช ืง”ื ืข”ื, ืืืขื ืื ืขืืืช ืข’ ื”ื ืงื ”ื ืข”ื ืืืชืื ืืขืืื ืฉื ื ืืื ืฉืื. ืืื ืืืชืืืื ืืืฆืืืช ืื”ืช ืืืคืืืจ ืืืจืื, ืืขื ืืืฉ ืื”ืฉ ืืจ”ื ืืืืช ืค”ืย ืื”ื ืืืชืื ืืืฉ ืืืื ืืฆืืืช (ืื ืืืชืื ืืืืืืจ ื’ ื’ ืืืฉ ืื ืืฉื ืื ืืขืฉื ืืื ืืืืช ืืืื, ืืืขืื ืฉืืชื ืืจืข”ื ืืืืช ืค”ื ืื”ื).
ืืื ื ืืื ืืงืื ืืืขื ืืืฉ ืืขื ืฉืขืจืืช ืฉืืืื ืืืืืื. ืืื ืืฉ ืืื ืื ืืชืืจื ืื”ืฆ ืฉื ืืืฉ, ืื”ื ืืฉ ืืืื ืืืฉื ืืกืื ื ืืื ืืื ื ืืชืืจื ื ืืืจื ืจืง ืืื ื”ื ืืืืจื ืืจื”ืฉ. ืืืื ืืขื ืื ืืืื ืืข”ื ื ืืื ืืืืกืืจืื ืืขื ืื ื”ื ืืื ื”ืฆ ืฉืขืจืืช. ืืืขืื ืืืจืืช ืืจืืฉืื ืื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืืฉื ืืกืื ื ืืฃ ืฉืืืืื ืฉืขืจืืช.
ืืขืื ืืืื ืืก’ ืืืืจืืข ืืขื ืื ืืืืจืช ืงืจืงืข ืืื ื”ื ืืื ืืืื ืฉืชื ืฉืขืจืืช ืืกืืจื ืืืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืืืืจ, ืืืง’ ืก’ ืืืืจืืข ื”ืฉย ืืงืืืฉืื.
ืืืื - ืืืืื ืื ืืื
Maran Hamashgiach Hagaon Harav Aaron Chodosh, ztโl
ืืืชื ืืืืืช (ื, ืื): ืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืืืืจ, ืฉืืฉื ืืชืจืื ืื, ืืชืจ ืชืืจื ืืืชืจ ืืื ื ืืืชืจ ืืืืืช, ืืืชืจ ืฉื ืืื ืขืืื ืขื ืืืืื.
ืืืจืฉ”ื ืฉื: ืืืชืจ ืฉื ืืื- ืืืืืจ ืขื ืืืืื ืืื ืื, ืื ืขืืกืง ืืชืืจื ื ืืฆื ืฉื ืืื ืขืืื ืืื’.
ืืื’ ืืืื ืข”ื: ื”ืจ ืืืื ื ืฉืืฉื ืืืจืื ืื, ืฉื ืืืื, ืืฉื ืืจืื, ืืฉื ืฉืืื, ืฉื ืืืื ืืื ืืืจื ืื ืืื, ืฉื ืฉืืื ืืื ืืื ืื ืืื, ืฉื ืืจืื ืขืืืื ืืื ื ืืื, ืื ืืจืืฆื ืืืงื ืืื ืืืงื, ืฉืื ืชืืืจ ืคืืืช ืืื, ืช”ื (ืืฉืื ื-ืื) ืื ืืืืื ืืืืืื.
ืจืื ืืืื ื ืจืื, ืืชืื ืืจ ืืงืจืื ื ืืืจ, ืืื ื ืขืฉืืช ืื ืืืจ ืื ืืื ืืจื ืืืื ื. ืืืจืฉ”ื ืืื- ืืืืื ืืฉืื ืืืงืืืื, ืืจื- ืืฉืชืืืช ืืื ื.
ืืืจ ืจืื ืื ืชืืืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืชืืื ืืืจื ืืื ื ืชืืืื ืืื ืฉื ืืืจ ืืืืช ืืืืืฅ ืชืฆืคื ื. ืืืื ืืื’ ื’ืืจื’ ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืฆืจืืืื ืืืืื ืฉื’ืชืืื’ ืืืื ืืื ืืืืื, ืืืื ืืฉ ืืืื ืฉื’ืชืืื’ ืืื ืืฆืื, ืืื ืฆืจืื ืฉื’ืืจื’, ืืืืืฉ ืืืืชื ืืืืช, ืืืื ืืื ืืชืืืื ืืื ืืืฉ ืืืืช ืืืืืฅ.
ืืืจืืื ื ืืื ื ืืืืืช ืฉื ืืชื ืฉืืชืจ ืชืืจื ืืืื ืืืชืจืื ืืื, ืฉืืืจืื ืืืคื ืื ืืคืจืืืช, ืืืฉืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืฅ ืืคืจืืืช. ืืขืื ืจืืื, ืื ืืืืืืช ืืืืื ื ืืืื ืืื ืืชืื, ืืืช ืืืืืืช ืฉื ืืืจ ‘ืืืช ืืื’ ืืื’, ืืืืืื ื ืฉื ืืืจ ‘ืืืช ืืืจืื ืืืช ืืืื’, ืืื ืืืจืืช ื’, ืฉืืื ืืชืจ ืชืืจื, ืืื ืืืช ืืืืื, ืฉื ืืืจ ืืจืื ื’ ืืจืื ื’, ืืื ืืืงืื ืืฉืจ ืืืืืจ ืืช ืฉืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืจืืชืื, ืขื”ื.
ืฉืืืช (ืื, ื): “ืืขืฉืืช ืืืื ืงืืืฉ ืืืืจื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืชืคืืจืช”, ืืืจืื”ื: ืฉืืืื ื ืืื ืืืคืืืจ ืืืืืืฉืื ื ืืืืื ืืืคืืืจืื ืืื’.
ืืืืจืฉ ืจืื (ืื, ื): ืืืจ ืืืจ, ‘ืืื ืืืืจ’- ืืื ืืื ืืืชืื (ืืฉืื ื, ืื) ืืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืื, ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืชืืจื, ืชืืข ืื, ืื ืืืจ ืืจืืฉ ืืืจื ืืืืื ืืื ืฉืช ืื ืืฉ ืืื ืืืื, ืืืื ืืชื ืืืฆื ืืืื ืืื ืืืื, ืขื ืฉืืืืข ืืืขืืฅ, ืฉื ืืืจ (ืืืจื ืืืืื ื’ ื, ื) ืืืื ืืขืืฅ ื ืืื ืืืืื. ืืื ืืชืื ืื ืืืื, ืขื ืฉืืืข ืืชืืจื, ืืื “ืืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืื”. ืืื ืืชื ืืืฆื ืืืืจื, ืื ืืชืื (ืืืืื ื, ื) ืชืืจืช ืืืช ืืืชื ืืคืืื, ืื ืืืจ ืืงืืืฉ ืืจืื ืืื ืืืฉื (ืฉืืืช ืื, ื) ืืขืฉืืช ืืืื ืงืืฉ ืืืืจื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืชืคืืจืช, ืืื ืืื ืืืืืช ืืชืืจื ืฉืืื ืืืข ืื, ืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืื.
ืืขืื ืฉื ื’: ืืืจ ืืืจ, ืฉืขืฉื ืืงืืืฉ ืืจืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืจื, ืฉืืืืืฉื ืืืืืื ืืฉืจืช, ืฉื ืืืจ (ืืืืื ื, ื) ‘ืื ืืืื ื’ ืฆืืืืช ืืื’, ืืืจ ืจืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืจื ืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืชืจืืื ืืืื ื ืื ืชืืจื ืืื ื ืืื ืืขืชืื ืืืื, ืืื ื ืืืก ืืฉืืฉื ืืืจืื, ืฉื ืืืจ (ืืืฉืข ื, ื) ืื ืืชื ืืืขืช ืืืกืช ืืืืืกื ืืืื ืื, ืฉืื ืฉืืฉื ืืืคืื ืืฉ ืื, ืฉื ืืืก ืื ืืืืื ื ืืื ืืืงืืฉ ืืื ืืืืื. ืืื ืื ืืื ืื ืชืืจื ืืื ืืืืื, ืฉื ืืืจ (ืืืืื ื, ื) ืื ืฉืคืชื ืืื ืืฉืืจื ืืขืช ืืชืืจื ืืืงืฉื ืืคืืื ืื ืืืื ื’ ืฆืืืืช ืืื, ืืื ืืื ืจืื ืื ืืชืื (ืืืื ื, ืื) ืืจืฅ ืขืคืชื ืืื ืืคื, ืื ืืืื ื, ืฉืืจืฉืขืื ืคืืจืืื ืืขืืฃ. ืืืจ ืืืจ, ืขืคืชื, ืฉืืจืฉืขืื ืขืึตืคืื ืื. ืืื ืืจื ืืฉื, ืืืจ ืจืื ืืื ืื ืฉืืื ื ืจืืื ืืขืฉืืช ืชืืืืื ืกืืจืื ืกืืจืื ืืืืขื, ืฉื ืืืจ (ืืืื ื, ืื) ืฆืืืืช ืืื ืกืืจืื. ืืชืืจื ืืืงืฉื ืืคืืื (ืืืืื ื, ื), ืื ืืืข ืื ืืื ืื ืืื ืืื ืฉืืื ื ืขืฉื ืชืืืืื ืฉื ืืงืืืฉ ืืจืื ืืื, ืฉื ืืืจ (ืืฉืขืื ื ื, ืื) ืืื ืื ืื ืืืืื ื’, ืืื (ืืฉืขืื ื, ื) ืืื ืืื ืฃ ืขืื ืืืจืื ืืืื ืขืื ืื ืจืืืช ืืช ืืืจืื.
ืืขืื ืฉื ื’: ืืืจ ืืืจ, ืื ืืืืจ- ืืื ืืื ืืืชืื (ืืืฉืข ืื, ื) ืงืื ืขืืื ืืืจืื, ืืื ืฉืืืจ ืืืชืื (ืชืืืื ืื, ื ื) ืืจืืฅ ืื ืงืืื ืืคื, ืืฉืืข ืืงืื ืชืืื. ืืืื ืืฃ ืืืงืจืื ืคืจืื ืืืืืื, ืชืืืื ืืืืจ: ืืฉืืข ืืงืื ืชืืื. ืืคื ืฉืืฉืจืื ืืืืจืื ืจืืื ืืขืืื, ืื ืฉืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืืืื ืงืจืื ืืืชืืคืจ ืืื, ืืฉืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืงืจืื ืืืชืืคืจ ืื, ืื ื ืืื ืื ื ืงืจืื. ืืืจ ืืื (ืืืงืจื ื, ืื) ืืื ืื ืขืืช ืืฉืจืื ืืฉืื ืืื’. ืืืจื ืื ืขื ืืื ืื ื ืืืื ืื ื ืืืืื ืงืจืื ืืช. ืืืจ ืืื, ืืืจืื ืื ื ืืืงืฉ, ืฉื ืืืจ ืงืื ืขืืื ืืืจืื ืืฉืืื ืื ื’, ืืื ื ืืืื ืขื ืื ืขืืื ืืชืืื. ืืืื ืืืจืื ืืื ืืืจื ืชืืจื, ืฉื ืืืจ (ืืืจืื ื, ื) ืืื ืืืืจืื ืืฉืจ ืืืจ ืืฉื. ืืืจื ืื, ืืื ืื ื ืืืืขืื, ืืืจ ืืื ืืื ืืืชืคืืื ืืคื ื ืืื ื ืืงืื ืืื’, ืืฃ ืืื ืืื ืืืืจ, ืื ืืืืจ, ืืคื ืฉืื ืืชืจืฆื ืืงืืืฉ ืืจืื ืืื ืืืืจื ืืื ืขื ืืื ืืชืคืื.
ืืื’ (ืชืืืจื ืื.): ืืืจ ืจื ืืฉืขื ืฉื ืคืืจ ืืฉื ืจืืื ื ืืื ืขืื ืืืจ ืื ืืืืืฉืข ืฉืื ืืื ื ืื ืกืคืืงืืช ืฉืืฉ ืื, ืืืจ ืื ืจืื ืืืื ืื ืืชืื ืฉืขื ืืืช ืืืืืชื ืืืงืื ืืืจ ืื ืื ืืชืืช ืื (ืฉืืืช ืื-ืื) ืืืฉืจืชื ืืืืฉืข ืื ื ืื ื ืขืจ ืื ืืืืฉ ืืชืื ืืืื, ืืื ืชืฉืฉ ืืื ืฉื ืืืืฉืข ืื ืฉืชืืื ืืื ื ืฉืืฉ ืืืืช ืืืืืช ืื ืืืื ืื ืฉืืข ืืืืช ืกืคืืงืืช ืืขืืื ืื ืืฉืจืื ืืืจืื, ืืืจ ืื ืืงื”ื ืืืืจ ืื ืื ืืคืฉืจ, ืื ืืืืจืื ืืืืืื ืฉื ืืืจ (ืืืืฉืข ื-ื) ืืืื ืืืจื ืืืช ืืฉื ืขืื ื’ ืืืืืจ ื’ ืืื’, ืืืชื ืืชืื ืชื ื ืืืฃ ืืฉืืข ืืืืช ืงืืื ืืืืืจืื ืืืืืจืืช ืฉืืืช ืืืงืืืงื ืกืืคืจืื ื ืฉืชืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืฉื ืืฉื, ืืืจ ืจืื ืืืื ืืขืค”ื ืืืืืจื ืขืชื ืืื ืื ืงื ื ืืชืื ืคืืคืืื ืฉื ืืืจ (ืืืืฉืข ืื-ืื) ืืืืืื ืขืชื ืืื ืื ืงื ื, ืชื ื ืืื ืขืชื ืืื ืืื ืืขืืฅ, ืืื ืฉืื ืขืชื ืืื, ืฉืขื ืื ืื, ืืขืืฅ ืฉืืขืฅ ืืจืืืฅ ืชืืจื ืืืฉืจืื, ืืื ืื ืฉืขื ืื ืื, ืืืชืื (ืืืจื ืืืืื ื ื-ื) ‘ืืืงืจื ืืขืืฅ ืืืืงื ืืฉืจืื ืืืืืจ, ืื ืืจื ืชืืจืื ื ืืืจืืืช ืืช ืืืืื, ืืืืชื ืืื ืขืื, ืืขืฉืืช ืืจืขื ืืืืชื ืขืฆืื, ืืืื ืืืงืื ืืช ืืฉืจ ืฉืื’. ืื ืืจื ืชืืจืื ื- ืืชืืจื, ืืืจืืืช ืืช ืืืืื- ืืชืืืืืื, ืืืืชื ืืื ืขืื- ืฉืื ืืฉืชืื ืชืืืืื ืืืื, ืืขืฉืืช ืืจืขื- ืฉืืืืื ื ืื ืจืขืื ืืืืชื, ืืืืชื ืขืฆืื- ืฉืื ืืฉืืื ื ืืฆื”ืจ ืืืฉื ืืช, ืื ืืชื ืขืืฉื ืื ืืืื, ืืื ืืื ืืจืื ื ืืืื ืื ืกืืกื ืืฉืืื, ืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืช ืืฉืจ ืฉืื.
ืืืืช ื’ ื’ ืืืืื ืืืืจื ืคืจืง ืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืช ืื ืคืกืืง ืืื ืื ืืืืจ ืืื ืื ืืคืืื ืืืช ืืืช, ืฆืจืื ืื ืื ืื ืืืื, ืฉืื ืืฆืื ื ืืืื ืืื ืืฉืจืื, ืฉืื ืืื ืืืืืชืืคื ืืื ืฉื ื ืืืจืื ืืืื, ืงืจืื ืจืื ืืืืคื ืืืืืขื, ืฉื ืืืจ (ืชืืืืื ื ื), ืืืชื ืื ืืฉ ืืขืจืื ืืืืคื ืืืืืขึดื, ืืืื ืืืจืื ืงื ืืืืืจ, ืืื ืืื ืืื ืืฉืจืื ืฉืื ืืื ืืืืืชืืคื ืืื ืฉื ื ืืืจืื ืืืื ืงืจืื ืจืื ืืืืคื ืืืืืขื, ืืืืื ืืืืจื ืคืจืง ืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืช ืื ืคืกืืง ืืื ืื ืืืืจ ืืื ืื ืืคืืื ืืืช ืืืช ืขื ืืืช ืืื ืืืื ืฉืฆืจืื ืื ืื ืื ืืืื, ืืืื ืืืื ืืื ืชืืจื, ืฉื ืืืจ (ืืฉืื ื) ืืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืื.
ืืืจืฉ”ื ืฉื: ืืืื ืงืืืจ, ืืื ืืืื ืื ืื ืืืื ืืื ืขื ืขืกืงื ืชืืจื, ื ื’ ืืืื ืืืื ืืื ืชืืจื, ืืืืืจ ืืื ืืืื ืื ืฉืื ื ืขืืฉืื ืืืฆืจืืืื ืืืื ืื ืืื ืื ืืืื, ืืื ืืจืื ืฉืืืื ืื ืชืืจื, ืืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืช ืืืจืช ืื.
ืืืจืืื ื ืืื ื ืืืืืช (ื, ืื): ืืืชื ืฉื ืืื ืขืืื ืขื ืืืืื, ืจ”ื ืืืืชืจืื ืืืื ืฆืจืื ืืชืจ ืฉื ืืื ืืืจื ืืื ืชืืื ืืืชืจ ืชืืจื, ืื ืืื ืืฉ ืืืื ืฉื ืืื ืื ืื ืืขืกืง ืืฉืจ ืืขืกืืง ืืชืืจื ืืืงืืื ืืืฆืืืช.
ืืื’ ืืืื ืข”ื: ืืืจ ืจ’ ืืื ืชื ืืื ืืืชืื (ืืฉืื ืื, ืื) ‘ืืื ืื ืืืืจ ืืื ืืกืื ืืงื ืืช ืืืื ืืื ืืื’, ืืื ืืื ืืฉืื ืืืื ืฉื ืชืืืืื ืืืืื ืฉืขืืกืงืื ืืชืืจื ืืืื ืืื ื.ืืช ืฉืืื.
“ืืขืฉืืช ืื ืืจ ืืื ืกืืื” ืืืืจื ืืื ืืชืจ ืชืืจื, ืืจ โ ืื ืื ืืกืืจืช. ืืฉ ืืื ืชืืจื ืืฉืื ืขืฆืื ืืชืื ืืกืืจืช. ืกืืคืจ ืื ื ืืื ืฉื ืืืฉืืื ืจ’ ืืจืืื ืืืืจ ืืฆืืง”ื, ืจ’ ื ืืื ืืืืืืืฅ’ ืฉืืื”ื, ืฉืกืื ืืืจ ืืชืืืื ืขืืืื ืืืฉืืื, ืชืืื ื ืืื ืืกืืจืช ืืกืจ ืืื ืืชืืื ื ืืืื ืืืืคื ืฉืื, ืื ืืชื ืืกืจ ืื ืืกืืจืช ืืืื ืื ืืกืจ ืืื ืืชืืืื ืืื ืฉืื.
ื’ ืืืื ื ืฉื ืืื ืืืืืช “ืืืืช ืืืืืฅ ืชืฆืคื ื”, ืชืืื ืืืจื ืืืจื ืืชืืื.
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Harav Hagaon Yehuda Wagshal Shlita
A Small Space for Hashem
Parashas Terumah
Harav Hagaon Yehuda Wagshal shlita
The mitzvah of binyan Beis Hamikdash โ ืึฐืขึธืฉืืึผ ืึดื ืึดืงึฐืึผึธืฉื ืึฐืฉืึธืึทื ึฐืชึผึดื ืึผึฐืชืึนืึธื โ is one that Klal Yisrael has collectively been waiting a very long time to fulfill. But it still hasnโt been Hashemโs will that we should be zocheh to perform this mitzvah. What could we possibly do so that Hakadosh Baruch Hu should not just allow us to do this mitzvah, but should want us to fulfill it?
The passuk states (Yeshayah 66:1): ืึผึนื ืึธืึทืจ ื’ ืึทืฉึผืึธืึทืึดื ืึผึดืกึฐืึดื ืึฐืึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึฒืึนื ืจึทืึฐืึธื ืึตื ืึถื ืึทืึดืช ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืชึผึดืึฐื ืึผ ืึดื ืึฐืึตื ืึถื ืึธืงืึนื ืึฐื ืึผืึธืชึดื. ย Rashi comments: ืืื ื ืฆืจืื ืืืืช ืืืงืืฉ ืฉืืื โ I donโt need your Mikdash. Hakadosh Baruch Hu declares that the heavens are His throne, and the earth is His footstool, so how can we build Him a house?
The next passuk continues: ืึฐืึถืช ืึผึธื ืึตืึผึถื ืึธืึดื ืขึธืฉืึธืชึธื ืึทืึผึดืึฐืืึผ ืึธื ืึตืึผึถื ื ึฐืึปื ื’ ืึฐืึถื ืึถื ืึทืึผึดืื ืึถื ืขึธื ึดื ืึผื ึฐืึตื ืจืึผืึท ืึฐืึธืจึตื ืขึทื ืึผึฐืึธืจึดื โ even though I own everything, what do I focus on? On a poor person, on someone who has a humble spirit and is concerned and worried about the mitzvos and the word of Hashem.
The passuk is conveying that although Hashem doesnโt need our Mikdash, there is one thing in the world that He focuses on and that will cause Him to want to be in our Beis Hamikdash, and that is someone who is ืขึธื ึดื ืึผื ึฐืึตื ืจืึผืึท ืึฐืึธืจึตื ืขึทื ืึผึฐืึธืจึดื. If Iโm donโt find that, Hashem says, I have no need for your Beis Hamikdash.
What does this mean? What connection is there between an is ืขึธื ึดื ืึผื ึฐืึตื ืจืึผืึท ืึฐืึธืจึตื ืขึทื ืึผึฐืึธืจึดื and Hakadosh Baruch Hu wanting to be in a Beis Hamikdash? He has already declared that the heavens are His throne and the earth is His footstool, so why does such a person cause Him to desire to rest His Shechinah among us?
A Servant or a Son?
First, we need to understand what it means to be ืึธืจึตื ืขึทื ืึผึฐืึธืจึดื. Chareid means concerned, trembling, about the word of Hashem. The Chofetz Chaim, in Shem Olam, explains this in the following manner. We know that there are two ways for a person to serve Hashem: ืื ืืื ืื, ืื ืืขืืืื โ either as a son, or as a servant. Whatโs the difference between serving Hashem as an eved or as a ben? ย The difference is that a servant carries out his responsibilities only because he has to, while a son โ if his relationship with his father is the way it is supposed to be โ carries out his responsibilities vis-ร -vis his father not only because heโs obligated to, but because he wants to. He is happy to serve his father, and he enjoys carrying out his fatherโs will.
Similarly, says the Chofetz Chaim, a person whose attitude toward avodas Hashem is that of an eved will be more than happy to find loopholes in halachah. If he is obligated to do a certain mitzvah, he will do it, but as a burden, and heโll seek ways to exempt himself so that he can take it easy. In contrast, a person whose avodas Hashem is that of a son takes pleasure in doing mitzvos, and does not look for loopholes to exempt himself. On the contrary, he will look for ways to be obligated in mitzvos, because they are not merely something he must do โ theyโre something he wants to do.
Thereโs another difference between a person who serves Hakadosh Baruch Hu as an eved and one who serves Him as a ben, says the Chofetz Chaim. The middah of chassidus, as the Mesillas Yesharim teaches, is when a person does mitzvos in order to bring his Creator nachas ruach, not just because he is obligated to. What does it mean to bring Hashem nachas ruach? The Mesillas Yesharim also uses the analogy of a father and a son to illustrate this. The father occasionally asks the son to do things for him, as the Gemara says (Yevamos 5b): ืฉืืื ืื, ืืฉื ืื โ slaughter for me, cook for me, and the son obeys, to fulfill the mitzvah of kibbud av vโeim. When the son hears all these instructions and requests from his father, he starts to learn his fatherโs style: โWhat does my father like? On Sunday he asked me for this, on Monday he wanted that, and on Tuesday he requested this.โ Eventually, he begins to take the initiative in bring pleasure to his father even without the requests.
Similarly, Hakadosh Baruch Hu gives us clear guidelines of what we are obligated to do, but someone who relates to Him as a son to a father will not be satisfied with carrying out the letter of the law of the 613 mitzvos ; he will want to go lifnim mishuras hadin. From the things Hashem commanded us explicitly, this person will learn what Hashem likes, what brings Him nachas ruach, what His โstyleโ is, and heโll do those things even though he wasnโt commanded to. Thatโs the middah of chassidus: the person goes lifnim mishuras hadin and carries out the spirit of the law, and if he understands, from the mitzvos of the Torah, that something will bring Hashem nachas ruach, then heโs does it.
This, says the Chofetz Chaim, is the meaning of ืึธืจึตื ืขึทื ืึผึฐืึธืจึดื. A person doesnโt just perform a mitzvah because thatโs what Hashem commanded โ he does it because he cares. The Chofetz Chaim gives a mashal regarding the mitzvah of shemiras Shabbos. We all know that a Yid may not work on Shabbos, and he must therefore close his business on Shabbos. The idea, or at least one of the ideas behind this mitzvah, is that we should remember that Hakadosh Baruch Hu is the Borei and the Manhig of the world. By refraining from work for one day a week, we remember and proclaim that we are really always dependent on Hakadosh Baruch Hu.
This mitzvah of shemiras Shabbos involves many details of whatโs considered melachah, whatโs assur and whatโs muttar. Beyond that, thereโs the idea of refraining from earning money, and closing down oneโs business, in order to place our bitachon in Hashem. Yet someone who serves Hakadosh Baruch Hu only as an eved might seek loopholes and heterim for how to earn profits on Shabbos in a roundabout way that does not technically involve melachah, perhaps through a non-Jew. Was he mechallel Shabbos? Of course not, he found a loophole. But someone who is ืึธืจึตื ืขึทื ืึผึฐืึธืจึดื, says the Chofetz Chaim, would not do that. Such a person doesnโt look for loopholes. He recognizes what ratzon Hashem is, and whatโs behind Hakadosh Baruch Huโs commandment to keep Shabbos, and even if thereโs a way to circumvent the issur of working on Shabbos, he wonโt do it, because heโs concerned about the word of Hashem, and what Hashem wants is what he wants.
A Small Room
The Gemara in Bava Basra teaches that Klal Yisrael are sometimes called avadim and sometimes referred to as banim. When they are performing the will of Hashem, says the Gemara, they are called banim, and when they are not performing the will of Hashem they are called avadim: ืืืื ืฉืืชื ืขืืฉืื ืจืฆืื ื ืฉื ืืงืื ืืชื ืงืจืืื ืื ืื, ืืืืื ืฉืืื ืืชื ืขืืฉืื ืจืฆืื ื ืฉื ืืงืื ืืชื ืงืจืืื. The question can be asked: An eved is someone who performs the will of his master, and if he does not obey is master, he is not behaving like an eved โ heโs rebelling! So how can Klal Yisrael be called avadim at a time when theyโre not doing ratzon Hashem?
The answer is that the Gemara is careful to use the wording: ืจืฆืื ื ืฉื ืืงืื, not ืฆืืืื ืฉื ืืงืื. If a person would not perform the command of his Master, Hakadosh Baruch Hu, he would not even be called an eved; the very essence of an eved is that he performs his masterโs will. The difference between an eved and a ben is that the eved does only the masterโs command, while the son does his fatherโs will. Similarly, someone who serves Hashem as an eved does ืฆืืืื ืฉื ืืงืื, while someone who serves Hashem as a son does ืจืฆืื ื ืฉื ืืงืื, because he seeks to bring nachas ruach to Hashem.
The Midrash likens Hashemโs command to build Him a Mikdash โ ืึฐืขึธืฉืืึผ ืึดื ืึดืงึฐืึผึธืฉื ืึฐืฉืึธืึทื ึฐืชึผึดื ืึผึฐืชืึนืึธื โ to a king whose beloved daughter got married and moved away. โItโs so hard for me to part from you,โ the king told his daughter. โI want you to build me a small chamber near where you live so that I can come and be with you all the time.โ Similarly, Hakadosh Baruch Huโs relationship with the Torah, and with Klal Yisrael who learn the Torah, is that of a father to his child.
We can now understand the meaning of Hashemโs declaration that ืึทืฉึผืึธืึทืึดื ืึผึดืกึฐืึดื ืึฐืึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึฒืึนื ืจึทืึฐืึธื ืึตื ืึถื ืึทืึดืช ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืชึผึดืึฐื ืึผ ืึดื ืึฐืึตื ืึถื ืึธืงืึนื ืึฐื ืึผืึธืชึดื โ and yet ืึฐืึถื ืึถื ืึทืึผึดืื ืึถื ืขึธื ึดื ืึผื ึฐืึตื ืจืึผืึท ืึฐืึธืจึตื ืขึทื ืึผึฐืึธืจึดื. What kind of house can we possibly build that Hashem would be interested in inhabiting? But thereโs one thing that makes Hashem want to be near us, even if itโs in a small room that is dwarfed by the heavens and the earth that serve as Hashemโs throne and footstool. And that is a person who is ืึธืจึตื ืขึทื ืึผึฐืึธืจึดื โ who serves Hashem because he cares, not because he must. Such a person is behaving as a son, performing ืจืฆืื ื ืฉื ืืงืื, and that causes Hashem to want to reside with him.
Hashem doesnโt need our Mikdash โ He owns the heavens and the earth โ but if weโre His children, then He wants to reside with us even in the โsmall chamberโ of the Beis Hamikdash.
Thatโs the meaning of ืึฐืขึธืฉืืึผ ืึดื ืึดืงึฐืึผึธืฉื ืึฐืฉืึธืึทื ึฐืชึผึดื ืึผึฐืชืึนืึธื.
Baruch Hashem, there are many people who are very makpid to perform the tzivuy of Hashem with all the relevant halachos and dikdukim. But doing the mitzvos not because we have to, but rather because we care and we want to โ middas chassidus, bringing nachas ruach to Hashem by understanding His implicit ratzon and fulfilling it โ thatโs something that definitely needs chizuk. The passuk is teaching us that when weโll make that shift and serve Hakadosh Baruch Hu in that way, He will forget about all the big things; we may be humble and simple, only on the madreigah of ืขึธื ึดื ืึผื ึฐืึตื ืจืึผืึท, but weโre Hashemโs banim, weโre ืึธืจึตื ืขึทื ืึผึฐืึธืจึดื, we strive to bring Him nachas rauch.
Then Hakadosh Baruch Hu will be ready to give up everything, abandoning ืึทืฉึผืึธืึทืึดื ืึผึดืกึฐืึดื ืึฐืึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึฒืึนื ืจึทืึฐืึธื in favor of resting His Shechinah among us, in the manner of a father-son relationship.