ShoftimDevarim

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•

Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Aryeh Finkel, ztโ€l

ืžื™ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื™ืจื ื•ืจืš ื”ืœื‘ื‘ ื™ืœืš ื•ื™ืฉื‘ ืœื‘ื™ืชื• (ื›,ื—)
ื‘ื’ืž’ (ืกื•ื˜ื” ืžื“.) ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ืœื™ ืื•ืžืจ, ื”ื™ืจื ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื•, ื•ืืคื™’ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืืœื ืฉืฉื— ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืคื™ืœื” ืชืคื™ืœื”.

ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื ืืžืจ ืดืฉืžืข ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืชื ืงืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ืขืœ ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื›ื ืืœ ื™ืจืš ืœื‘ื‘ื›ื ืืœ ืชื™ืจืื• ื•ื›ื•ืดืณ (ื›,ื’), ื•ืคื™ืจืฉืดื™: ืณืฉืžืข ื™ืฉืจืืœืณ – ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื ื–ื›ื•ืช ืืœื ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื›ื“ืื™ ืืชื ืฉื™ื•ืฉื™ืข ืืชื›ื.

ื•ืฆ”ื‘: ืื ื”ื™ืจื ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื• ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ืฆื ืœืžืœื—ืžื”, ืœืžื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข?

ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืืจ: ื”ื™ืจื ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื• ืฉืžื ื™ืขื ืฉ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื”ืจื™ ื–ื• ืดื™ืจืืช ื”ืขื•ื ืฉืด, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืœืฆืืช ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ืžื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืžื ื™ืžื•ืช. ืืš ื™ืฉ ื‘ืณ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื™ืจืืช ืฉืžื™ื, ืดื™ืจืืช ื”ืขื•ื ืฉืด ืฉืžืคื—ื“ ืœื”ื™ืขื ืฉ ืขืœ ื—ื˜ืื™ื•, ื–ื• ื”ื™ืจืื” ื”ืคื—ื•ืชื”, ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืกืดื™ (ืคื›ืดื“) ื•ืžืœื‘ื“ ื™ืจืื” ื–ื• ื™ืฉ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ื™ืจืื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ืดื™ืจืืช ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืชืด, ืฉื™ืจื ืžืคื—ื“ ื”ื“ืจ ื’ืื•ื ื• ื™ืช’, ืฉืžืœื•ื ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื•. ื™ืจืื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจื‘ืดื™ืจืืช ื”ืณืด.

ืœืคื™ืดื– ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ื™ืจื ืฉื™ืขื ืฉ ืขืœ ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื• ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ืฆื ืœืžืœื—ืžื”. ืืš ืžื™ ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื• ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข ื›ืจืื•ื™, ืฉืžื—ืžืช ื™ืจืืช ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื™ื•ืจื•ื”ื• ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื•ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืื“ื ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฆืืช ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ืืขืดืค ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืขืชื” ื•ืื™ืœืš ืžืงื‘ืœ ืขืดืข ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืŸ, ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืงื™ื™ืžื, ื›ืžืฉ”ื› ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื ื” (ืฉืขืดืช ืฉืขืจ ืฉื ื™).

ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืื”ื‘ื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื’ื ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืดืืœื•ืœืด, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ืจ (ืื•ืดื— ืกื™ืณ ืชืงืคืดื) ืฉืจืดืช ืืœื•ืœ ืดืื ื™ ืœื“ื•ื“ื™ ื•ื“ื•ื“ื™ ืœื™ืด.

ื”ื˜ืขื ืœืงืจื‘ื” ื–ื•, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืืœื•ืœ ืื ื• ืžืชืงืจื‘ื™ื ืืœ ื”ืฉื™ืดืช ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ืืช ืžืœื›ื•ืชื•, ืฉื–ื”ื• ืดืื ื™ ืœื“ื•ื“ื™ืด, ืขื™”ื– ื’ื ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ืžืงืจื‘ื ื• ืืœื™ื• ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” – ืดื•ื“ื•ื“ื™ ืœื™ืด.

ื ืชื—ื–ืง ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืฉื”ืฉื™ืดืช ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื ื‘ื˜ื— ื‘ื• ื›ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ืฆืืชื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ืฉื”ืœื›ื• ืื—ืจื™ื• ืœืžื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื–ื›ื• ืœืื”ื‘ืชื•, ื›ืžืฉ”ื  ืดื–ื›ืจืชื™ ืœืš ื—ืกื“ ื ืขื•ืจื™ืš ืื”ื‘ืช ื›ืœื•ืœื•ืชื™ืš, ืœื›ืชืš ืื—ืจื™ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ ืœื ื–ืจื•ืขื”ืด.

ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืจืช ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื™ืช’, ื ื™ืจื ืžืคื—ื“ ื”ื“ืจ ื’ืื•ื ื• ื•ื ืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชืงืจื‘ ื•ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืืœื™ื• ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื™ืžื”, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื ื–ื›ื” ืœืดืื ื™ ืœื“ื•ื“ื™ ื•ื“ื•ื“ื™ ืœื™”.

ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืืจื™ื” ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื”

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื

Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Nosson Tzvi Finkel ztโ€l

“ื•ืขืฉื™ืช ื›ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื™ื•ืจื•ืš”
ืคืขื ื ืฉืืœ ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชืŸ ืฆื‘ื™ ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื”, ืื™ืš ื”ื•ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš, ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื›ื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื”? ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ืงืฆืจ: ืดื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืจื‘ื™ืด.

ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืื—ื“ ืžืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ื ื•. ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื“ื‘ื•ืง ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื‘ ื‘ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื‘ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžื”ื.

ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืœื ื–ื– ืžืœื“ื‘ื•ืง ื‘ืจื‘ื• ื”ืžื•ื‘ื”ืง, ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืงืžื™ืœ ื–ืฆื•ืงืดืœ. ื‘ืคื ื™ื• ื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื™ืข ืืช ื›ืœ ืกืคืงื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื™ื. ื‘ืื•ืชื ื™ืžื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืงื™ื. ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื” ืžืชืงืฉืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืจื›ืชื• ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื• ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื ื–ื– ืžื”ื•ืจืื•ืชื™ื•. ืจื””ื™ ืœื ื ื–ืงืง ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืช, ื”ื•ื ื™ื“ืข ืืช ื”ืดื”ืœื•ืš ื™ืœืšืด ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืจืดื— ื•ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืงืฆืจื•ืช, ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื™ืœื” ืื—ืช ื”ืกืคื™ืงื”, ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื–ื“ืจื– ืœื‘ืฆืข ืžื” ืฉื ืคืกืง ืœื•.

ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื ืกื™ืขื” ืœื—ื•”ืœ, ื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืœื’ืจืดื— ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ื•ืœื”ืชื‘ืจืš. ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื”ื’ืจืดื— ื™ืฉืืœ, ืœืฉื ืžื” ืœื ืกื•ืข? ืื• ืœืžื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื“ื•ืงื? ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื“ ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืชื•, ื’ื ืื ื‘ื”ื›ื ืชื” ื”ื•ืฉืงืขื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืจื‘ื” ื•ืžืืžืฆื™ื.

ื’ื ื›ืฉื”ืชืงืฉื” ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื• ื›ืฉืจืฆื” ื”ืกื›ืžื” ืœื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ืชื•ืจืชื•, ื”ืชืงืฉืจ ื›ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฆืขื™ืจ ืœืจื‘ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื“ืขืชื•. ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื, ื ืกืข ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืื•ืคืงื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื˜ื•ื— ืืช ืงื•ืฉื™ื•ืชื™ื• ืืฆืœ ื”ื’ืจืดื—, ื•ื›ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื–ืจ ืžื™ื“ ืœื‘ื™ืชื•, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื ืกื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืช, ื‘ืฉืœืฉื” ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื, ื‘ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื ื™ืžื™ื.

ื“ื‘ื•ืง ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืืžื•ื ืช ืื•ืžืŸ ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœ ื›ืœืคื™ื”ื ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื”. ื›ืฉื‘ื ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืขืฅ ืขืžื”ื, ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื”ื›ื ืขื” ื•ื”ืกืคื™ืง ืจืžื– ืงืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื“ืขืชื• ื•ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ืœื’ืžืจื™.

ืคืขื, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืฉืืœืชื•, ืืžืจื• ืœื• ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืจืื•ื™. ืขื ื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ื ื—ืจืฆื•ืช: ื”ืฆื’ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ื•ืื ืื“ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืืžืจ ืฉืœื ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ืื™ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืชื• ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉื•ื ื”ืจื”ื•ืจื™ื.

ื‘ื›ืœ ื ืคืฉืš

ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืœื›ื”

Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shpitzer Shlita

ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื

ืกืžื™ื›ื” ื›ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”

ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื ื”ืžืขื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘”ื“ ื•ืขืžื“ื• ืฉื ื™ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื, ื•ืœืžื“ื• ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื”ื’ื“ืช ืขื“ื•ืช ื‘ืขืžื™ื“ื”. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืž”ื ื—ื•”ืž ื™”ื– ื“ื’ื ื‘ืกืžื™ื›ื” ื›ืฉืจ. ื•ืข’ ื‘ื˜”ื– ื—ื•”ืž ื™”ื– ื•ื‘ืžื’”ื ืชื›”ื‘ ื”ืงืฉื• ื“ื‘ื’ืž’ ืืžืจื• ื“ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืกืžื™ื›ื” ื“ืกืžื™ื›ื” ื›ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ย ื•ืชื™’ ื”ื‘”ื— ืฉื ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื”ื’ื”ื•ืช ื”ื—”ืฆ ืขืœ ื”ื˜”ื– ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื›”ื™ ื—ื•”ืž ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื‘”ืž ืชื›”ื‘, ื“ืก”ืœ ืœืจืž”ื ื“ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื“ื‘ืขื™ ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืžื””ืช ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื, ื•ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ืœื”ืงืœ ื‘ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ.

ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืง’ ืฉื”ืจืž”ื ืฉืชืง ืœืฉื•”ืข ืกื™’ ืงืž”ื ืœื—ื•ืžืจื ื‘ืฉืขืช ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืข’ ืขื•ืœืช ืชืžื™ื“ ืงืž”ื ื“ืœืคื™”ื– ืฆ”ืœ ื“ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืงืจื™ืื””ืช ืžื””ืช. ื•ืขื•ื“ ืชื™’ ื”ื”ืจ ื“ืฉืชืง ื”ืจืž”ื ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ืื™ืžื” ื•ื›ืž”ืฉ ื”ืžื’”ื ืžื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืžื’”ื ื“ืžื””ื˜ ืืคื™ืœื• ืกืžื™ื›ื” ืฉืื ื™ื ื˜ืœ ืœื ื™ืคื•ืœ ืืกื•ืจ. ื•ื›ืขื™”ื– ื™”ืœ ื“ื”ื ื“ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉื•”ืข ืฆ”ื“ ื—’ ื“ืืกื•ืจ ืœืกืžื•ืš ื‘ืชืคืœื”, ื•ืฆ”ืœ ื›ื ”ืœ ื“ืžื•ื“ื” ื”ืจืž”ื ื•ืžื˜ืขื ืื™ืžื” ื•ื›ืž”ืฉ ื‘ืž”ื‘.

ื•ืข”ืฉ ื‘ืจื›”ื™ ืฉื”ืขื™ืจ ืขืœ ื“”ืž ืชืงืค”ื”, ืžื•ื‘ื ืฉื ื‘ืžื’”ื, ื“ืžื—ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจ, ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื“ืžื””ื˜ ื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ื• ื‘ืจืž”ื. ื•ืœื›ื’ ื””ื” ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืกืคื™ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืžืจ, ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ืจ ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืคืจ.

ื•ื›”ื– ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืž”ื ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื’”ื ืžื—ืžื™ืจ ื“ืกืžื™ื›ื” ืื™ื ื• ื›ืขืžื™ื“ื”. ื•ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ืžื—’ ื”ืจืž”ื ื•ืžื’”ื, ืข’ ืž”ื‘ ืฆ”ื“ ื“ืžื—ืžื™ืจ, ื•ืข’ ื‘”ื” ืชื›”ื‘ ื–’ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืœืœ ื“ืžืฆืจืฃ ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืž”ื ืœืงื•ืœื ืขื ื“ืขืช ืฉื‘ืœื™ ื”ืœืงื˜ ืข”ืฉ, ืžื™ื”ื• ืข’ ืฉืขื””ืฆ ืชืงืค”ื” ื‘’ ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจ ื“ืžืงื™ืœ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื›ืจืž”ื. (ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื“ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืง’ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืขื””ืฆ ื”ื ”ืœ ื“ื”ืจื™ ืืฃ ื”ืจืž”ื ื“ืžืงื™ืœ ื‘ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืจื™ ื‘ื“”ืž ื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจ, ื•ืื™ืš ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืฉืขื””ืฆ ืื™ืคื›ื. ืžื™ื”ื• ืœืคื™ ื”ื‘ืจื›”ื™ ื”ื ”ืœ ื™ื•ืฆื ืฉื”ืจืž”ื ื‘ืฉื•”ืข ื—ื–ืจ ื‘ื• ืžืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื“”ืž). ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื“ืื•ืœื™ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืžื”ื—ืœ ื—ืจืžืฉ ื‘ืงืžื”, ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ืŸ ืงื™ืžื” ื•ืœื ื“ื™ืŸ ืขืžื™ื“ื”, ื•ื”ืฆ ืืœื ื”ื™ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ืขืœืžื, ืžื™ื”ื• ืงืฉื” ื”ื› ืฉื”ืž”ื‘ ืฆ”ื“ ืžื—ืžื™ืจ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืก”ืช ืืฃ ื“ื™ืœื™ืฃ ืžื“ื™ืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืงื•ื.

ื•ืข’ ื˜ื•”ื ืฉื”ืง’ ืขืœ ื”ืจืžื‘”ื ืฉื—ื™ื“ืฉ ื“ื’ื ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฆื•ืชื• ื‘ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืง’ย  ื”ื› ืื™ืš ืืžืจื• ื‘ื’ืž’ ืžืฉื”ื› ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืจื™ ืž”ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ืื””ืช ื•ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื’”ื› ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ ืขืžื™ื“ื”, ื•ืชื™’ ืคืž”ื’ ืงืž”ื ืž”ื– ื’ ื“ืžืฉื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ืกืžื™ื›ื”. (ื•ืข”ืข ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ื‘”ื” ื•ืž”ื‘ ืชืจ”ืฆ ืกืง”ื‘).

ืžืืŸ ืžืœื›ื™ ืจื‘ื ืŸ

Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Aryeh Finkel, ztโ€l

ื›ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืืœื•ืœ

ืฉื‘ืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื™ื ื–ืžืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ืืžืช ื•ืจื™ื—ื•ืง ืžืžื—ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืงืจ. – ื™ืžื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืืœื•ืœ ื’ื ื”ื ื–ืžืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื• ืžืชื—ื–ืงืช ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืืžืช.

ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื–ื“ื•ื•ื’ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•, ื™ืžื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืืœื•ืœ ืขื ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ื›ืคื•ืœื” ื•ืžื›ื•ืคืœืช ืžืฉืืจ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœ, ื•ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืœื‘ ื”ืื“ื ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืœื—ื™ื™ ืืžืช ื•ื”ืชื™ืขื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืฉืงืจ.

ื›ื™ ื”ื ื” ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื ื™ืชื ืช ื‘ืื“ื ื ืฉืžื” ื™ืชื™ืจื”, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื™ืฉ ืฆืขืจ ืขืœ ืกื™ืœื•ืงื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื–ืดืœ (ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื˜ื–.) ืดื ืฉืžื” ื™ืชื™ืจื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ื‘ืื“ื ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ืœืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื” ื”ื™ืžื ื•, ืฉื ืืžืจ ืณืฉื‘ืช ื•ื™ื ืคืฉืณ, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉื‘ืช ื•ื•ื™ ืื‘ื“ื” ื ืคืฉืด. ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื”ื™ื ื›ื— ื”ืฉื›ืœ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ืื™ื ื• ืขื ื™ืŸ ื’ืฉืžื™ ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืฃ, ืืœื ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืืœ ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”.

ื•ืื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื™ืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ื›ืœืœ ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืงืจ, ืžื—ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืงืจ ื”ื™ื ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืขืงื•ืžื” ื•ืœื ืชื‘ื•ื ื‘ืฉื›ืœ ื‘ืจื™ื. ื•ื›ื— ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื“ื“ ื•ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืžื”ื™ ื”ืืžืช ื•ืžื”ื• ื”ืฉืงืจ.

ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื• ืžืชื—ื–ืงืช ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘, ื’), ืณื•ื™ื‘ืจืš ืืœืงื™ื ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™’, ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ื™ืชื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื— ื”ื”ื›ืจื” ื•ื”ืฉื›ืœ, ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืื“ื ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืืžืช.

ื•ื›ืŸ ืขื ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืืœื•ืœ ื™ื“ื•ืข ืžื”ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™ื ืจืืฉื™ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืœื•ืœ – ืณืื ื™ ืœื“ื•ื“ื™ ื•ื“ื•ื“ื™ ืœื™ืณ, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืงื™ืจื‘ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื‘ื™ื”ื ืฉื‘ืฉืžื™ื, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืชืงืจื‘ ื”ืื“ื ืืœ ื‘ื•ืจืื• ืžืชื—ื–ืงืช ื‘ื• ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืืžืช, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื›ื•ื— ื”ืจื’ืฉืช ืงืจื‘ืช ืืœืงื™ื ื”ืจื™ ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ืืžืช ืžื•ื—ืฉื™ืช ืืฆืœื• ื•ืžืชื—ื–ืงืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ื•, ืขื“ ืืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžืงื•ื ืœื˜ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจ ื”ืฉืงืจ.

ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืื” ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืืœื•ืœ. ื”ืจื™ ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืืžืช ื›ืคื•ืœื” ื•ืžื›ื•ืคืœืช.

ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืืžืช ืจืง ืขืดื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”

ืืžื ื ื’ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื’ื ื™ืžื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืืœื•ืœ, ื”ื’ื ืฉืกื’ื•ืœืชื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืœื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืืžืช, ืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื–ื” ืืœื ืขืดื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”.

ื›ื™ ืจืง ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื•ืžื“ ื”ืื“ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืงื‘ืดื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืืช ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ืœื™ืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืชืคื™ืกื ื‘ื™ื” ื›ืœืœ, ืืœื ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ืจืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื• ื•ื”ื ื”ื’ืชื• ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื• ื•ื–ืืช ืœืžื“ื™ื ืื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”.

ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ืจืฉืดื™ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•,ื•) ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืกืคืจื™, ืณื•ืื”ื‘ืช ืืช ื”ืณ ืืœืงื™ืš’, ื”ื™ืืš ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืื”ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื•ื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืฉื•ื ื”ืฉื’ื” ื‘ื•, ืืœื ืณื•ื”ื™ื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”ืณ ืฉืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืืชื” ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ื•ืžืชื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื•.

ื•ืืžื ื ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื‘ื•ืจืื• ืขืดื™ ืฉื—ืงืจ ื•ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื•ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ืืš ืณืื—ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืื‘ืจื”ืืณ, ื•ืื ื• ืœื ื ื“ืข ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ืืœื ืขืดื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืจืื•ื™ ื‘ืขืžืœ ื•ื‘ื™ื’ื™ืขื”, ืจืง ื›ืš ื ื–ื›ื” ืœืกื’ื•ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืื ื• ืœื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืืžืช – ืดื›ื™ ืืชื” ืืœืงื™ื ืืžืช, ื•ื“ื‘ืจืš ืืžืชืด.

ืดื•ื“ื‘ืจืš ืืžืช ื•ืงื™ื™ื ืœืขื“ืด, ื›ื™ ื–ื”ื• ื›ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืžืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื ืฆื—, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืงืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืจื’ืœื™ื, (ื’ืž’ ืฉื‘ืช ืงื“. ืดืฉื™ืงืจื ืื—ื“ื ื›ืจืขื™ื” ืงืื™ ื•ืืžืช ืžืœื‘ืŸ ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื”, ืงื•ืฉื˜ื ืงืื™ ืฉื™ืงืจื ืœื ืงืื™ืด), ื•ืืฃ ืื ืžืืจื™ืš ื‘ืขืžื™ื“ืชื• ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“, ืืš ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ื™ืคื•ืœ. ื•ื›ืš ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื•ืคืœ, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ื™ื™ืคื•ืœ, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉืงืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื ืฆื— ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืœืขื“.

ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืžืœืš – ืชื•ืจื”

ื•ื”ื ื” ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืžืœืš (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื–, ื™ื—): ื•ื”ื™ื” ื›ืฉื‘ืชื• ืขืœ ื›ืกื ืžืžืœื›ืชื• ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืœื• ืืช ืžืฉื ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื–ืืช ืขืœ ืกืคืจ ืžืœืคื ื™ ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื”ืœื•ื™ื. ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ืขืžื• ื•ืงืจื ื‘ื• ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื—ื™ื™ื•.

ื•ืคื™ืจืฉืดื™: ืณืืช ืžืฉื ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื”ืณ – ืฉืชื™ ืกืคืจื™ ืชื•ืจื•ืช, ืื—ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื•ื ื—ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื’ื ื–ื™ื• ื•ืื—ืช ืฉื ื›ื ืกืช ื•ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืขืžื•.

ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื’ืžืณ (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื›ื.): ื•ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืœื• ืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืœืฉืžื•, ื™ื•ืฆื ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ืžื•ืฆื™ืื” ืขืžื”, ื ื›ื ืก ื”ื•ื ืžื›ื ื™ืกื” ืขืžื•, ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืขืžื•, ืžื™ืกื‘ ื”ื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ื•, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ืขืžื• ื•ืงืจื ื‘ื• ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื—ื™ื™ื•.

ื•ื˜ืขื ืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื• ื”ื•ื, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืœืš ืขื ื™ื ื• ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืคื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื, ื•ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ื•ื”ื ื”ื’ืชื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืžืœื‘ื“ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื”, ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื˜ืขื ื ื•ืกืฃ – ื™ืจืื” ื•ืขื ื•ื”: ืœืžืขืŸ ื™ืœืžื“ ืœื™ืจืื” ืืช ื”ืณ ืืœืงื™ื• ืœืฉืžืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื–ืืช ื•ืืช ื”ื—ืงื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืœืขืฉืชื. ืœื‘ืœืชื™ ืจื•ื ืœื‘ื‘ื• ืžืื—ื™ื• ื•ื’ื•’.

ื•ืžื‘ืืจ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื ื•: ืณืœืžืขืŸ ื™ืœืžื“ ืœื™ืจืื”’- ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืขื™ื•ื ื™ ืžืžื ื” ื”ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื•ืคืช ืืช ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื•ื”ืฉื’ื—ืช ื”ื-ืœ ื™ืชืขืœื”, ืืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื–ื” ืชืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื”ืžื•ืจื.

ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืขื ื•ื•ื” – ืดืœื‘ืœืชื™ ืจื•ื ืœื‘ื‘ื• ืžืื—ื™ื•ืด, ื•ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ืžืœืš ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืžืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื, ื”ื•ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ื•ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืืฃ ืœืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื‘ืขื, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืขืดื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ื›ืจื” ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžื”ืงื‘ืดื” ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืขืฆืžื• ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื›ืœื•ื, ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืŸ ืื™ืš ื™ืชื’ืื” ื‘ืžื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ืฉืœื•.

ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ (ื™ืจืžื™ื” ื˜, ื›ื‘): ืืœ ื™ืชื”ืœืœ ื—ื›ื ื‘ื—ื›ืžืชื• ื•ืืœ ื™ืชื”ืœืœ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื• ืืœ ื™ืชื”ืœืœ ืขืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืขืฉืจื•. ื›ื™ ืื ื‘ื–ืืช ื™ืชื”ืœืœ ื”ืžืชื”ืœืœ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื•ื™ื“ืข ืื•ืชื™.

ืณืืœ ื™ืชื”ืœืœ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื• ื•ืืœ ื™ืชื”ืœืœ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืขืฉืจื•’, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืขืžืœื• ื•ื™ื’ื™ืขื•, ืืœื ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืืช ื”ืงื‘ืดื”, ืณื›ื™ ืื ื‘ื–ืืช ื™ืชื”ืœืœ ื”ืžืชื”ืœืœ – ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื•ื™ื“ื•ืข ืื•ืชื™’, ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ื ื”ื’ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ื•ื”ื”ื›ืจื” ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืžืื™ืชื• ื•ืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืื“ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื•. ืจืง ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื–ื• ื™ืชื”ืœืœ ื”ืžืชื”ืœืœ, ืขืœ ืืฉืจ ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ืืžืช ื•ืœื ื ื˜ื” ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉืงืจ, ืืš ืœื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืขืฆืžื” ื™ืชื”ืœืœ, ืฉื”ืœื ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืžื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจืข, ืืœื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืขืกืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื’ื™ืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื” ืœื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืืžืช ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืžืืช ื”ืฉื™ืดืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœืื“ื ื›ืœื•ื ืžืขืฆืžื•, ื•ื‘ื”ื›ืจื” ื–ื• ื™ืชื”ืœืœ ื”ืžืชื”ืœืœ.

ื–ื”ื• ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืžืœืš ื•ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืืฃ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉืžืขืœืช ื ื‘ื•ืืชื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื•ืžื” ืžืื•ื“ ืจื‘ื• ืžืขืœื•ืชื™ื•, ืœื ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืืœื (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื‘, ื’) ืดื•ื”ืื™ืฉ ืžืฉื” ืขื ื• ืžืื“ ืžื›ืœ ื”ืื“ื ืืฉืจ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืื“ืžื”ืด, ื›ื™ ื–ื”ื• ืฉื‘ื—ื• ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื™ื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ืื“ื ื•ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืืฃ ืœืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ ื”ืขื ื”ืคื—ื•ืชื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื•ืžืขืœื” ื–ื• ื™ืฉื™ื’ ื”ืื“ื ืขืดื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืคืจืฉ ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื›ืืŸ:

ืณืœื‘ืœืชื™ ืจื•ื ืœื‘ื‘ื•’, ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ: ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ืื•ืžืจื ื–ืดืœ (ืื‘ื•ืช ื•, ื) ืดื•ืžืœื‘ืฉืชื• ืขื ื•ื” ื•ื™ืจืื”ืด, ื•ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจื• ื›ื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื ื™ืจื•ื ืœื‘ื‘ื• ื•ื’ื•’.

ืฉื–ื”ื• ื›ื— ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืกื’ื•ืœืชื” ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื• ื™ืจืื” ื•ืขื ื•ื”, ื›ื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื‘ื™ืื• ืœื”ื›ืจืช ื”ื ื”ื’ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ืดืช, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืœื‘ืฉืชื• ื™ืจืื” ื•ืขื ื•ื”.

ืดืžืืŸ ืžืœื›ื™ ืจื‘ื ืŸืด

ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืฉื ื”ื•ื – ืดื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืœืฉืžื” ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื•ื›ื•’, ื•ื ื•ืชื ืช ืœื• ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืžืžืฉืœื”ืด.

ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ืณืžืœืšืณ – ืดื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืœืฉืžื”, ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืœืš! ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ืื‘ืจืš, ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื•ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืžืœืš.

ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื›ื— ื”ื ื”ื’ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœืš, ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืขืดื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืžืฉืœื™ ื—, ื˜ื•) ืดื‘ื™ ืžืœื›ื™ื ื™ืžืœื•ื›ื•ืด, ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืชื ืช ืœื• ืืช ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืืžืช, ื•ืžืœื‘ืฉืชื• ืขื ื•ื” ื•ื™ืจืื” ื•ื ื•ืชื ืช ืœื• ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืžืžืฉืœื”.

ืณืื”ื‘ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ื•ืจืฆื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ืณ

ื•ื”ื ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉืืœ ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื ื™ืจืฆื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืืžืจื• ืžื™ื“ ืดื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืขืด, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ืจืฆื•ื ื ื”ื•ื ืœื™ื“ืข ืืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”’, ืืฉืจ ื›ืœ ื”ื ื”ื’ืชื• ื”ื™ื ื”ืืžืช ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ืžื™ืื ื• ืœืงื‘ืœื” ื•ื”ืœื›ื• ืื—ืจ ืจืฆื•ื ื. ืืš ืจืฆื•ื ื ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืื“ื ื”ื•ื, ื•ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืื“ื ื–ื”ื• ื”ืฉืงืจ ืืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืงื™ื•ื, ื•ืืฃ ืื ื™ืืจื™ืš ื™ืžื™ื• ืกื•ืคื• ืฉื ื•ืคืœ, ื›ื™ ืœืฉืงืจ ืื™ืŸ ืจื’ืœื™ื.

ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืงื‘ืดื” (ืžืœืื›ื™ ื, ื’) ืดืืช ืขืฉื• ืฉื ืืชื™ืด, ื•ืœื ืจืง ืขืฉื™ื•, ืืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื‘ื—ืจื• ื‘ืžื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจืข, ื•ืœื ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ื‘ืงื‘ืดื” – ืดื•ืื”ื‘ ืืช ื™ืขืงื‘ืด, ื›ื™ ื‘ื—ืจื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘, ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”.

ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื ืงืจื (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืžื, ื—) ืดืื‘ืจื”ื ืื”ื‘ื™ืด, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืืฉืจ ื—ืงืจ ื•ื–ื›ื” ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืฉื™ืดืช. ื•ื›ืŸ ืื ื• ืขืดื™ ืขืกืง ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื›ืจืช ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื, ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื ื• ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื – ืดืืชื” ื‘ื—ืจืชื ื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื, ืื”ื‘ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ื•ืจืฆื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ืด. ืžื“ื•ืข, ืžืฉื•ื – ืดื•ืงืจื‘ืชื ื• ืžืœื›ื™ื ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชืšืด, ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”.

ืฉื‘ืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืืœื•ืœย  ึพ ื™ืžื™ ืื”ื‘ื”

ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืืœื•ืœ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื”ื‘ื”.

ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื ื• – ืดืœื›ื” ื“ื•ื“ื™ ืœืงืจืืช ื›ืœื”ืด, ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ืžื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืืœื•ืœ ื ืจืžื–ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ืคืกื•ืง – ืดืื ื™ ืœื“ื•ื“ื™ ื•ื“ื•ื“ื™ ืœื™ืด.

ืดื“ื•ื“ื™ืด ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ืงื™ืจื‘ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื, ืฉื ืืžืจื• ื‘ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ื•ืœื ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื›ืžื•ืชื ืืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืืœื•ืœ.

ืื›ืŸ ืงื•ื“ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืงืจื‘ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ื ื• ืืœ ื”ืฉื™ืดืช – ืดืื ื™ ืœื“ื•ื“ื™ืด, ื•ืื– ื ื–ื›ื” ืœืงืจื‘ืชื• ืืœื™ื ื• – ืดื•ื“ื•ื“ื™ ืœื™ืด. ื•ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื”ืชืงืจื‘ ืืœื™ื•, ื–ื”ื• ืจืง ืขืดื™ ืขืกืง ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืืœื•ืœ, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืขื” ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ืฉืœ ืืœื•ืœ ืœืื™ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ื•ืœืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ, ืฉื–ื”ื• ื–ืžืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ื•ื’ืžืชื•, ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืณืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœ ืืœื•ืœ’, ื ืชื—ื–ืง ื‘ืขืžืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื™ื’ื™ืขืชื”, ื•ื ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืกื™ื™ืขืชื ื“ืฉืžื™ื ืœื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืืžืช.

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Harav Hagaon Elimelech Reznick Shlita

Seize the Moment!

Parashas Shoftim

Harav Hagaon Elimelech Reznick Shlita

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This weekโ€™s parashah discusses the concept of arei miklat. A rotzeiโ€™ach bโ€™shogeig is not executed; rather, the halachah is that the goโ€™el hadam may kill him, and he has to run to the arei miklat so that he can live, as the passuk says: ื•ึฐื–ึถื” ื“ึผึฐื‘ึทืจ ื”ึธืจึนืฆึตื—ึท ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึธื ื•ึผืก ืฉืึธืžึผึธื” ื•ึธื—ึธื™.

The Kitzur Shulchan Aruch, at the beginning of Hilchos Chodesh Elul, cites the Arizalโ€™s teaching that the passuk in Parashas Mishpatim:ื•ึทืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœึนื ืฆึธื“ึธื” ื•ึฐื”ึธืึฑืœึนืงื™ื ืึดื ึผึธื” ืœึฐื™ึธื“ื•ึน ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึทืžึฐืชึผึดื™ ืœึฐืšึธ ืžึธืงื•ึนื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึธื ื•ึผืก ืฉืึธืžึผึธื” contains an allusion to Elul, as the first letters of the words: ืึดื ึผึธื” ืœึฐื™ึธื“ื•ึน ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึทืžึฐืชึผึดื™ ืœึฐืšึธ spell ืืœื•ืœ.

The Avnei Nezer explains that because a rotzeiโ€™ach โ€“ even a rotzeiโ€™ach bโ€™shogeig โ€“ has taken away someone elseโ€™s chiyus, he forfeits his right to live in this world. In that sense, the requirement for the rotzeiโ€™ach bโ€™shogeig to escape to the ir miklat is not simply a punishment of galus โ€“ although he certainly does achieve atonement that way โ€“ itโ€™s a way of replacing his lost chiyus. When this rotzeiโ€™ach bโ€™shogeig enters the arei miklat, which were the cities of the Leviโ€™im who sat and learned Torah, he drew chiyus from that, hooking up to a new oxygen tank, if you will, to replace the old oxygen tank he lost.

Not only does the rotzeiโ€™ach bโ€™shogeig have to seek a new source of chiyus by fleeing to the ir miklat, but those around him also have an obligation to provide him with chiyus. The Gemara, in Makkos, expounds the word ื•ึธื—ึธื™ in the passuk: ื•ึฐื–ึถื” ื“ึผึฐื‘ึทืจ ื”ึธืจึนืฆึตื—ึท ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึธื ื•ึผืก ืฉืึธืžึผึธื” ื•ึธื—ึธื™ to mean that we have to make sure the rotzeiโ€™ach bโ€™shogeig has everything he needs, including places to buy food. Furthermore, from the word ื•ึธื—ึธื™ the Gemara derives the halachah that the rebbi of the rotzeiโ€™ach bโ€™shogeig is required to go to the ir miklat with him: ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืฉื’ืœื” ืžื’ืœื™ืŸ ืจื‘ื• ืขืžื•.

The Rambam cites this halachah in Hilchos Rotzeiโ€™ach and explains that for the wise, and for those who seek wisdom, life without talmud Torah is no life at all: ื›ื™ ื—ื™ื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื” ื‘ืœื ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืžื™ืชื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื. Without hearing shiur from his rebbi, the rotzeiโ€™ach bโ€™shogeig canโ€™t learn properly. Presumably there were other great talmidei chachamim in the arei miklat, but he wants to hear his rebbiโ€™s pshat in the Rashba. Thatโ€™s his chiyus in Torah. Every person has a certain derech in learning that he gets from his rebbi, and he wants to hear his rebbiโ€™s kneitch. For that level of chiyus in learning, and for that enjoyment in learning, we send his rebbi to galus.

In any event, the idea of the arei miklat is to provide a new chiyus for the rotzeiโ€™ach. Chodesh Elul is similar to an ir miklat in the sense that it is an eis ratzon for teshuvah to be accepted for the sins a person committed the entire year. All year, a person does chataโ€™im โ€“ some bโ€™shogeig, some bโ€™meizid โ€“ and every cheit is a death of sorts. The 40 days of Elul and Aseres Yemei Teshuvah are like an ir miklat that gives us new chiyus, a fresh tank of pure oxygen that invigorates us for the whole year.

The Eis Ratzon of Elul

The Kitzur Shulchan Aruch writes that the 40 days of Elul and Aseres Yemei Teshuvah correspond to the last time that Moshe Rabbeinu ascended Har Sinai for 40 days to receive the second luchos and Hakadosh Baruch Hu gave mechilah bโ€™ratzon, saying: ืกึธืœึทื—ึฐืชึผึดื™ ื›ึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึธืจึถืšึธ. Since then, these 40 days have been sanctified with the kedushah of yemei ratzon, and during this period Hakadosh Baruch Hu is close to us.

Both the Kitzur Shulchan Aruch and the Mishnah Berurah note that the first letters of the words from Shir Hashirim: ืึฒื ึดื™ ืœึฐื“ื•ึนื“ึดื™ ื•ึฐื“ื•ึนื“ึดื™ ืœึดื™ spell ืืœื•ืœ. Furthermore, the final letters of these words โ€“ all yuds โ€“ have the gematria of 40, alluding to the 40 days from Rosh Chodesh Elul through Yom Kippur.

Michtav Meiโ€™Eliyahu (vol. 4) contains a piece entitled: ืœื—ื˜ื•ืฃ ื”ืจื’ืข ืฉืœ ืกื™ื™ืขืชื ื“ืฉืžื™ื, which I think we would translate as โ€œSeize the Moment.โ€ In order to โ€œseize the moment,โ€ you have to know when that moment is. Different times of the year are mesugal for different things: on Pesach, for instance, we are able to reach certain madreigos, while on Yom Kippur we can achieve selichah uโ€™mechilah. If a person works on getting his kapparah other days of the year and does something else on Yom Kippur, he misses the boat! Similarly, different times of the year are mesugal for tefillah. The tzedakah organizations today do their homework very well, finding sources in old sefarim that point to, say, the eighth minute of the eighth hour of the eighth day of the eighth month as a time that is mesugal for this or that. Every week they come up with a new eis ratzon that they found!

But if Chazal tell us that Elul and Aseres Yemei Teshuvah are an eis ratzon, that means we have 40 days of incredible moments to seize. The Gemara (Yevamos 72) teaches us the value of an eis ratzon in relating that at midnight, the ruach tzefonis blows, and that time is a valuable eis ratzon. Rashi notes that even in the Midbar, when Klal Yisrael were in a state of estrangement from Hakadosh Baruch Hu and the ruach tzefonis therefore did not blow โ€“ which is why they did not perform bris milah in the Midbar โ€“ it did blow at midnight, because that is an eis ratzon.

Since Elul is an eis ratzon, we have to seize the moment! Rav Wolbe writes, in Alei Shur, that certain things that would generally require months of avodah to accomplish can be achieved in Elul in one day. I have no doubt that Rav Wolbe wrote this from his own personal experience.

Elul is a time thatโ€™s mesugal for teshuvah and for davening; a person can reach new madreigos in davening. Moreover, I saw brought down from Rav Aharon Kotler, in Mishnas Rav Aharon, that Elul is also a time thatโ€™s mesugal for limud Torah; since ืงื•ื“ืฉื ื‘ืจื™ืš ื”ื•ื ื•ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ื—ื“ ื”ื•ื, if Hakadosh Baruch Hu is close to us during this period then we can more easily come close to Him through learning Torah โ€“ through learning Maseches Makkos, which the yeshiva is learning this zman, or through learning whatever masechta or daf or Tosafos youโ€™re learning. The dalet amos shel halachah are the closest place to Hakadosh Baruch Hu we have in Olam Hazeh โ€“ and if now is an eis ratzon, and Hakadosh Baruch Hu is revealing Himself to us, then itโ€™s certainly a time thatโ€™s mesugal to better understand Torah.

Maaseh Ish relates that someone once mentioned to the Chazon Ish that in Novardhok, during Elul zman they learned more mussar. In response, the Chazon Ish said, โ€œAnd during Elul I learn more Gemara.โ€

I used to think that perhaps the Chazon Ish was learning more Gemara in order to gain merits ahead of Yom Hadin; itโ€™s a time to look for more mitzvos, and Talmud Torah kโ€™neged kulam. But in light of Rav Aharonโ€™s insight, perhaps what the Chazon Ish meant is that we have to seize the moment during Elul. Everyone looks at the moment and seizes what they want out of it, whatโ€™s precious to them, whether itโ€™s working on mussar, on tefillah, or any other area. The Chazon Ish jumped at the opportunity to chap arein in achieving greater clarity in Torah.

The Power of Renewal

Another point in this parashah that relates to Chodesh Elul can be derived from the wordsย  the kohen mashuach milchamah tells Klal Yisrael before they go out to war, beginning with: ืฉืึฐืžึทืข ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืึทืชึผึถื ืงึฐืจึตื‘ึดื™ื ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ืœึทืžึผึดืœึฐื—ึธืžึธื”…. Rashi, citing the Gemara, says that the words ืฉืึฐืžึทืข ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ convey that even if Klal Yisraelโ€™s sole merit is that of reciting Shema Yisrael, that is enough for them to win in war.

Many of the meforshim discuss what about Shema Yisrael alone gives us power to triumph over the other nations. The Shem MiShmuel explains that Klal Yisrael recites Krias Shema twice a day consistently, accepting ol malchus Shomayim upon themselves morning and evening no matter what. Even if the day didnโ€™t look like a kabbalas ol malchus Shomayim type of day, we say Krias Shema at night, and then reaffirm our kabbalas ol malchus Shomayim again in the morning. In other words, this is a mitzvah that Klal Yisrael performs again and again, even if they did not fully succeed at carrying it out previously. The Shem MiShmuel sees this as the power of hischadshus โ€“ to be mekabel ol malchus Shomayim again each time with a new kavanah, regardless of what happened since the last Krias Shema. Non-Jews do not have this power of hischadshus; if they donโ€™t succeed, then theyโ€™re finished; itโ€™s over, and theyโ€™re not going to come back and do the same thing again.

Elul, the sefarim note, is a time of hischadshus. Itโ€™s the month before Rosh Hashanah, when the world was created, and during this time we have the power to renew ourselves, to bring our true kochos and discover new abilities. Itโ€™s a time when we can put ourselves on the right track and set our GPS straight for the whole year by being mechadesh new aspirations and achievements in ruchniyus.

May Hashem grant us gevaldige hatzlachah in the avodah of Chodesh Elul.

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