ืืืจื ืจืืืชืื ื
Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Refoel Shmulevitz, ztโl
ืืขืืช ืืืืืื ืืืคืกืืืช ืืืฉืชืืืืช
ืืื ื ืชืืืื ืื (ื, ื)
ืจืฉ”ื: ื ืชืืืื ืืืืฉืืขื ืฉื ืืฉืจืื ืืืื ื ืืืื.
ืื ื ืจืืืื ืฉืคืจืขื ืืฉื ืืืชืืื ืืืืฉืืขื ืฉื ืืฉืจืื ืืืืจ “ืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืืืืจื ืชืฉืืืืืื”. ืืืจ ืืชื ืืกืื ืืงืขืื ืืฆ”ื (ืืืื ืืืืกืจ, ืจื”ื) ืื ืืืื ืืืฉื ืฉืืืื ืืฉื ืืช ืืช ืจืฆืื ื’, ืืืืืช ืื ืจืง ืฉืืื ื ืืฆืืื, ืืื ืฉืืื ืขืฆืื ืืืืจื ืืขืฉืืช ืืืคื ืจืฆืื ื, ืฉืื ื ืืฉื ื ืชืืื ืืืืช ืคืจืขื, ื ืืฆื ืฉืคืจืขื ืืืืจื ืืืื ืืช ืืืฉืืขื ืฉื ืืฉืจืื.
ืืคืฉืจ ืฉืืืชื ืขื ืื ืืื ืืืขืฉื ืืชืจื ืืืฉืื ืฉืืืจื ืืื’ (ืกืืื ื ื.) ืฉืฉืืื ืืืื ืจืฆื ืืืฆืืื ืืืืืจืช ืืืืช ืืฉื ืฉืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืืืช ืืืืื ืืช ื ืฉืืชื, ืืืืจืื ืืื ืขืฆืื ืืืืืื ืืืงืื ืืืืจืช ืืืืืช. ืื ืจืง “ืจืืืช ืืืฉืืืช ืืื ืืืฉ, ืืขืฆืช ื’ ืืื ืชืงืื”, ืืื ืฉืืืื ืขืฆืื, ืฉืื ืืจืฆืื ื, ืืกืื ืืืืืื ืืืืชื ‘ืจืืืช ืืืฉืืืช’ ืืช ‘ืขืฆืช ื’ ืืื ืชืงืื’. ืืื ืืื ืืืขืฉื ืืืืกืฃ ืืืงืืจ ืฉืืช (ืฉืืช ืงืื.).
ืื ืจืื ืืืื ืกืืคืจื ืื ื ืืชืืจื ืืช ืื ืกืืคืืจ ืืืขืฉื, ืืืืืืข ืฉืื ืื ืืืื ืฉืื ืืคืฉืจ ืืฉื ืืช ืืช ืืืืจืช ืืืงืื, ืืื ืืืจืื ืขืฆืช ืืฉืื ืื ืืื ืขืฆืื ืืืง ื’ืขืฆืช ื’ ืืื ืชืงืื’.
ืื ืื ืืืจื ืื ื ืขื ืืื ืืื ืงืฉืจ ืืฉืืืืืช ืืื ืืืฉืชืืืืช ืืืื ืืชืืฆืืืช, ืฉืืื ืืื ืืืืข ืื ืืืฆื ืืืืฉืชืืืืช. ืืจืื”ื (ืืจืืฉืืช ืื, ืื) ืืืชื ืฉ”ืืืืืจื ืืืช ืืืืจืืฆืืช ืฉืงืจ”, ืื ืืืฉืชืืืืช ืืื ื ื ืืื ืืืง ืืืืื ืืชืืจื ืฉืขืืื ื ืืขืฉืืช.
ืื ื ืจืืืื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืืืข ืื ืืืฉืชืืืืช ืฉืื ืชืขืฉื ืืกืืคื ืฉื ืืืจ.
ืืจื ืจืืฉ ืืืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืจื ืจืคืื ืฉืืืืืืืฅ ืืฆืืื”ื
ืืืจื ืืืืื
ืืจื ืจืืฉ ืืืฉืืื ืืื”ื ืืืจ ืืืืื ืจืื ืืืกืฃ ืืื ืืืืื ืฉืืื ืืฆืืง”ื
ื”ื ืืืืช ืชืจ”ื
ืืขืืื ืืฉืืฉ ืืงืืืฉ ืืจื ืืขืืืจื ืืืจ, ืขืื ืืืืื ืืจื ืืืกืฃ ืืื ืืืืื ืฉืืื ืืฆืืื”ื ืืืืื ืืืืกื ืืืจื ืจืืฉ ืืืฉืืื ืืืืื ืจืื ืฉืืืื ืืืงืืื ืกืงื ืืฆืืง”ื ืืืื ืืงืืช ืืืฉืืื, ืืืฉืจ ืจื”ื ืืืจ”ืฉ ืืืงืืื ืกืงื ื ืืขืฅ ืื ืืื ืขื ืืื ื ืืืฉืืื.
ืืืืจ ืคืืืจืช ืจืืฉื ืืืฉืืื ืืจืื ืื ืืืืื ืื ืจืื ืฉืืืื ืืจืื ืืืจืื ืืืงืืื ืกืงื ืืฆืืื”ื, ืืฉื ืช ืชืงืฆ”ื, ื ืื ืขื ืขืฆืื ืืืืื ืจืื ืืืกืฃ ืืื ืืช ืื ืขืื ืื ืืืช ืื ืืืื ืืืฉืืื.
ืื ืืกืืคืจ ืืืืืชืื ืืกืคืจ ‘ื ืืจ ืืื’:
ืืืื ืจืืื ืืืฉื ืืื ืืืืื ืจ’ ืืืกืฃ ืืื ืืฆ”ื ืืชืขื ืืช. ืืขืืชืื ืงืจืืืืช ืื ืืื ืืื ืืก ืืืื ืืืื ืืคืื ืืืฉื ืฉืฉืช ืืื ืืฉืืืข ืืืื ืฉืงืืข ืืืืืืื ืืืื ืฉืืืื ืืงืืืฉื ืืืืจื ืืืืชืืื ืขืฆืืื. ืืืื ืืืื ืืื ืงื ืืืฉืืืจืช ืืืงืื ื ืขื ืืืจืื ืืจืืฉืืื ืืืืืช ืืฉืืื ื, ืืื ืืืืจ ืืื ืืื ืฉืืงืข ืืืืืืื ืขื ืืืจ ืืืืงืจ.
ืคืขื ืฉืืื ืื ื ืืืืื ืจืื ืฉืืื ืืฆ”ื: ืืื ืืจืืคืืื ืืืืจืื ืฉืืกืืื ืืืืจ ืืฆืื ืฉืืขื ืืืื? ืืขืจ ืื ืืืื ืืืืจ: ืชืืจืช ื’ ืืฉืืืช ื ืคืฉ, ืืืืฉ ืืฉืจ ืืืื ืืืืช ืืชืืจื, ืืื ืชืฉืืืขืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืชืืกืฃ ืื ืฉื ืืช ืืืื.
ืืื, ืืจื ืืฆ”ื, ืืืจืืช ืคืจืืฉืืชื ืืกืืืืคืื, ืืืจืื ืืืื ืืฉืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืชื ืืืจืื ืชืืื, ืืื ืงืืื ืืฉืืื ืืืขืื ืืขื ืคื ื ืืขื, ืืขื ืฉืื ืืฉืืืชื ืฉืืจ ืขื ืจืขื ื ืืชื.
ืชื ืฆื”ื
ืืฉืืืื ืืืื
Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shpitzer Shlita
ืฉืืืช
ืืืื ืืคืจืืขื
ืืชืื ืืชืืจืืช ืืช ืขืจืื ืื ื ืืชืืข ืืจืืืื ืืื’ ืืืจืฃ ืืื ื, ืฉืืืืืง ืื ืืืขื. ืืง’ ืืืื ืืชืื ืืืจืฃ, ืืื ืืชืื ืืืื ืืื ื, ืืข’ ืจ’ ืืืื ืฉื ืฉืืจ ืืืืื, ืืืจืืืชื ืืฃ ืฉืขืฉืชื ืืืื, ืืื ืฆืจืื ืื ืคืจืืขื ืืื ืฉืืืจื ืืชื ืืืื ืืืืืืช ืืฉืื ืจืืื, ืื ืื ืขื ืคืจืืขื ืืืื ืืืชื. ืืข’ ืกืคืืจื ื.
ืืืฉ ืืืืกืืฃ ืืฃ ืฉืื ื ืฆืืื ืืื ืืืจืื ืขืฉื ืื, ืืื ืืคืืจืฉ ืืืืจืฉ ื”ืจ (ื”ื ื’) ืฉืขืฉื ืืืจืื ืคืจืืขื ืฉืืืจื ืืืืฉืืขืื ืืชืื ืืช ืืฉืจ ืขืจืืชื ืืืืืจืื ืื ืืชืื ืื ืืืจืฉ ืืืืจืฉ ืืช ืืจืืืช ืืช ืืคืจืืขื. ืืงืฉื ืืืืืจื ืืืจื ืฉืื ื ืืชื ื ืคืจืืขื ืืืืจืื. ืืืืจ ืืงืฉื ืื ืืจืืฉืื ืื ืืืืืืช ืข”ื ืืืชืื ืืืืจืื ืขืฆืื ืขืฉื ืื ืคืจืืขื ืืฃ ืฉืื ืืื ืืฆืืื ืข”ืฉ ืืชืืก’ ืืจืื”ื ืืจืฉื”ื ืืจืืื”ื.
ืืขืืฉ”ื ืคืื ืืก ืืฉื ืืืืจื ืฉืืช ื ”ื. ืืขืืฉ”ื ืืจืืฉ ืืืืื ืืฉื ืืืื”ืจ ื”ื ื’ .
ืืข’ื ืืืช ืืืื ืฉืืฉ ืขื ืื ืืกืจืช ืืขืจืื ืืืฉ ืขื ืื ืืืกืคืช ืงืืืฉื,ย ืืื ืืืืชืื ืืืคืจืืขื ืข”ืฉ. ืืืฉ ืฉืืชืื ืืืื ืืืืจืื ืืืจืืช ืืฉืจ ืงืืฉ ืืืื ืืืื (ืืืชืืก’ ืื ืืืช ื ”ื ืข”ื ืคื’ ืืืืื ื ืืืจืื), ืืืืง ืืฉืืจื ืฉื (ืืืืื ื ืืืง ืืื ืืืกืคืช ืืขืื, ืฉืื ื ืืชื ืื ืคืจืืขื), ืืฆืืฆืืื (ืื”ื) ืืชื ืืืืช ืืจืืช ืงืืืฉ.
ืืข”ืฉ ืืชืืก’ ืฉืืชืื ืืืฃ ืืื ื ืืชื ื ืคืจืืขื ืืืืจืื ื”ื ืืืจืื ืคืจืข ืืืืชื ืืืืืจ ืืืจืืฉืืช ืจืื ืืืคืืื ืขืืจืื ืชืืฉืืืื ืงืืื. ืืืงืฉื ืืืืืืช ืืืจื”ืค ืขื”ื ืืืจื ืืคืืจืฉ ืื ืืืืื ื”ื ืืืืจืื ืงืืื ืืคืืื ืขืืจืื ืชืืฉืืืื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืื ืื”ืจ. ืืชื’ ืืืืืืช ืืจื”ื ืขื ืคืจืงื ืืจ”ื ืคื”ื ืืืืืืช ืืืช ื’ ืืืื ืืืื ืช ืชืืก’ ืืืืื ืื”ืจ ืฉืืืจืื ืงืืื ืืคืืื ืขืืจืื ืชืืฉืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืช ืชืืก’ ืืื ืืืคืืจืฉ ืื ืืืืจืฉ ืื ”ื ืืขื ืื ืืฉืืขืื ืืขืื ืืืคืืื ืขืืจืื ืชืืฉืืืื ืงืืื ืืืื ืฉืืคืืจืฉ ืื ืืืืื ื”ื. ืืืคื ืคืืจืืฉื ืืืื ืืกืืจื ืชืืก’ ืืืขืช ืืืืจืฉ ืืืื ืฉืืจืก ืืืจืืื ืืชืืก’ ืฉืืืจืื ืคืจืข ืืืืชื ืืื ืืืืจืกืช ืืืฉ”ืฉ.
(ืืืืช”ืก ืืชื ืืื ืคืจืข ืืืฆืืง ืืื ืคืจืข ืืขืฆืื ืื”ืฉ ืชืืก’ ืฉืคืจืข ืืฃ ืฉืื ื ืฆืืื, ืืคื’ ืืื ืื ืืืืจื ืงืืื ืืืจืื ืืืื ื ืื ืืชืืจื ืขื ืฉืื ื ืืชื ื, ืืืืจ ืชืืจืฆื ืืืืจืฉ”ื ืืขืื ืื”ื ืื ืื ืขืฆืื, ืืืืชื ืืงืฉื ืืืช”ืก ืขื ืืืฉืื ืฉืงืืื ืื ืืชืืจื, ืืชื’ ืืื ืืฆืืช ืืืื ืงืืื ืขื ืฉืื ื ืืชื ื ืืื ืฉืคืจืข).
ืขืจื ืืืืื
Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Nosson Tzvi Finkel ztโl
“ืืื ื ืชืืืื ืื ืคื ืืจืื ืืืื ืื ืชืงืจืื ื ืืืืื ืื ืืกืฃ ืื ืืื ืขื ืฉื ืืื ื ืื ืืื ืื ื ืืขืื ืื ืืืจืฅ” (ืฉืืืช ื, ื). “ื”ืจ ืืืื ืืจ ืืื ื”ืจ ืกืืืื ืฉืืฉื ืืื ืืืืชื ืขืฆื ืืืขื ืืืืื ืืืชืจื ืืืขื ืฉืืขืฅ ื ืืจื ืืืื ืฉืฉืชืง ื ืืืื ืืืกืืจืื ืืชืจื ืฉืืจื ืืื ืืื ื ืื ืื ืฉืืฉืื ืืืฉืืช ืืืืืช” (ืกืืื ืื, ื).
ืืืืืจ ืืืืจื ืื”ื, ืฉืืฃ ืฉืืืขื ืืืืื ืืฉืชืชืคื ืืื ืืืืชื ืขืฆื ืืื ืืงืื ื ืขื ืฉื ืืขืื ืฉ ืฉืื ื, ืืืขื ืฉืืขืฅ ื ืืจื ืืืืื ืืืื ืฉืฉืชืง ื ืืืื ืืืืกืืจืื, ืืืงืฉื ืืจื ืจืืฉ ืืืฉืืื ืืืจ”ื ืฉืืืืืืืฅ ืืฆ”ื (ืฉืืืืช ืืืกืจ, ืืืืจ “ืืืฉืจ ืืืืื”) ืืื ืขืฆืช ืืืขื ืืืืชื ืืืืจื ืืฉืชืืงืช ืืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืขื ืฉ ืืขืื ืฉ ืืืืจ ืืืชืจ ืืืืื, ืืืืืข ืืืขื ื ืขื ืฉ ืืืืชื ืืืืื ืืืื ื ืขื ืฉ ืืขืื ืฉ ืืืกืืจืื ืฉืื ืงืฉืื ืืืื ืขืจืื ืืขืื ืฉ ืืืชื, ืืืคื ืฉืืฆืื ื ืืืืจื (ืืชืืืืช ืื, ื) ืืื ืื ื ืื ืืืฉืื ืืขืืจืื ืฉืื ืื ืฉืืฆืืืื ืืขืืื ืื ืกืืื ืืื ืืืฉืชืืืืช ืืฆืื ืืื ืืฉืื ืฉืงืืืื ืขืื ืฉ ืืืชื, ืืืื ืืืื ืืื ื ืขื ืฉืื ืืืืกืืจืื ืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืฉืชืืืื ืืฆืื. ืืจื ืฉืขืื ืฉ ืืืืกืืจืื ืืืืจ ืืืชืจ ืืขืื ืฉ ืืืืชื.
ย
ืืืื ืืขืืื ืืื โ ืืชื ืช ืืื ื
ืืืืจ ืืืืข ืื ืฉืืืืฉ ืืื ืืจื ืืืจ”ื ืฉืืืืืืืฅ ืืฆ”ื (ืฉื) ืืช ืืื ืืืกืืืืชืื ืืืืืขืื ืืืืชืจ, ืฉืืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืื ืืชื ืช ืืื ื! ืื ืจืืข ืืืืื ืืื ืืงืจ ืขื ืืืื, ืืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืข ืืืจืืืฉ ืืช ืืืฉืจ ืืืืื, ืืืืขืจืื ืืช ืืืื ืืืฆืจ ืื ืื ืืฆื ืชืืช ืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืื ื ืจืืื ืืืจืช ืืืืจื, ืืืคืืื ืื ืืืืื ืขืฆืื ืืืืืื ืืืืกืืจืื ืืืืืืืื, ืืื ืืงืื ืืืจ ืืืจ ืืืชืื (ืืืื ื, ืื) “ืื ืืชืืื ื ืืืื ืื”, ืืคืืจืฉ ืจืฉ”ื (ืงืืืืฉืื ืค, ื ื”ื ืื) “ืืื ืืชืืื ื ืืื ืื, ืืื ืืชืจืขื ืืื ืขื ืืงืืจืืช ืืืืืช ืขืืื ืืืจ ืื ืืืกื ืฉืื ื ืขืืฉื ืขืื ืฉื ืชืชื ืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืืชื ืขืืื ืืืชื” ืืืืื ื ืฉืืืื ืฉืืื ืงืืื ืืช ืืชื ืช ืืืืื ืืื ืืืืฉืจ ืืืื ืืื ื ืืืื ื ืืจืืืฉ ืืืืกืืจืื. ืืืฉื ืืื ืืืืจ ืืืื, ืืืื ืฉื ืคื ืืืืจืื ืืืืืช ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืื, ืืืืืชื ืฉืขื ืืืชืจืข ืืืื ืื ืงืข ืืช ืืฆืืขื, ืืื ืืจืืืฉ ืืืืกืืจืื ืืื ืืฉืขื ืื, ืืื ืคืฉืื ืฉืื ืืจืืืฉ ืืืืื ืืืืช ืืืฉืจื ืืืืื, ืื ืฆืจืื ืืืื ืืืชืืืืก ืืืืกืืจืื ืืชืืงืคืื ืืืชื ืื ืืื ืืืฉืจ ืืืืื ืฉืงืืื ืืืช ืืงื”ื. ืืืฃ ืฉืืืชืื ืฉืืืื ืขืฆืื ืืงืฉื ืขืืื ืขืื ืฉ ืืืืกืืจืื ืืืชืจ ืืขืื ืฉ ืืืืชื, ืืืคื ืฉืืฆืื ื ืืื ื ืื ืืืฉืื ืืขืืจืื ืฉืื ืืื ื ืขื ืฉืื ืืืืกืืจืื ืืื ืืฉืชืืืื ืืฆืื, ืืื ืืงืื ืขืื ืฉ ืืืืชื ืืื ืืชืืง ืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืืืชื ืื ืืืืกืืจืื. ืืืขืชื ืืืืืจ ืืืื ืืืืข ื ืขื ืฉ ืืืขื ืขื ืืืื ืืขืื ืฉ ืืืชื, ืืืืื ืืืื ืฉืฉืชืง ื ืขื ืฉ ืขื ืืืื ืืขืื ืฉ ืืืกืืจืื, ืฉืื ืืืื ืฉื ืืืขื ืืื ืืืืจ ืืืชืจ ืืืื ืืื ื ืขื ืฉ ืืขืื ืฉ ืืืืืจ ืฉื ืืืชื, ืืืื ืืืื ืฉื ืืืื ืืื ืงื ืืืชืจ ืืืื ื ืขื ืฉ ืืขืื ืฉ ืืืกืืจืื ืืงื ืืืชืจ. ืืกืื ืื ืืื ื ืืจื ืืืืชืจ, ืืื ืื ื ืืืจื ืืืจ”ื ืืฆ”ื ืืฉืจ ืจืง ืืื ืืืืืจื ืืืื ืืช ืืขืืช ืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืืฉ ืืช ืืืืืฉ ืื, ืืืืื ืขื ืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืืจ ืขืืื ืืื ืืคืืืช ืืื ืืืื ืคืขืืื!
ืื ืืจืื ืขื ืืืื ืืฉืืืืช ืืขืืช ืืืืื, ืื ื ืืืืืข ืื ืชืืืืช ืืื ืืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืชืืจื ืืฉืืืจืช ืืืฆืืืช, ืืืืืื ืืืืืจ ืืืืจื (ืืืื ืคื, ื) ืฉืืืื ืืฉ ืืืื ืกืคืง ืคืืงืื ื ืคืฉ ืื ืืืกืืจื ืืชืืจื ื ืืืื ืืคื ืื, ืืืคืืื ืืืชื ืืืืกืืจืื ืฉืืฉ ืืื ืขืื ืฉ ืกืงืืื ืืขืื ืฉ ืืจืช ืืืืืจืื, ืืืืืืื ืืืช ืืืืชืื (ืืืงืจื ืื, ื) “ืืฉืืจืชื ืืช ืืืงืชื ืืืช ืืฉืคืื ืืฉืจ ืืขืฉื ืืชื ืืืื ืืื ืืื ืื ื ื”, ืืจื ืฉืืขืืช ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืืชืจ ืืื.
ืื ืฉืืื ื ืืขืจืื ืืช ืืื ืขืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืื
ืืื ื ืื ืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืขืืช ืขืจื ืืืืื, ืืฉื ื ืื ืฉืื, ืืืฃ ืืืื ืื ืื ืื ืขื ืืืฉืื ืืืช ืืืืจืฉ, ืฉืืชืืืืกืื ืื ืืืืื ืืคืฉืืืช, ืืื ืืื ืืืจ ืฉืื ืจืืข ืืจืืข ืืื ื ืืงืจ ืขื ืืืื, ืืจืง ืืฉืื ืืืืขืื ืืืฆื ืกืื ื ืฉื ืคืืงืื ื ืคืฉ ืื ืืชืืืืื ืืืขืจืื ืืช ืืืืื ืืขืืฉืื ืืช ืืืจื ืืืฉืชืืืืช ืขื ืื ืช ืืืฉืืจ ืืืืื. ืืืื ืขืืื ื ืืืขืช ืืืื ืฉืืื ืฉืืื ื ืืขืจืื ืืช ืืื ืขืืื ืืื ืืืืขื ืืืื ืืืคืกืืื, ืืื ืืฆืื ื ืืืืจื ืื”ื ืฉืืืืื ืืืขืช ืืงื ืื ืืืขืื ืืชืืกืคืืช (ืืจืืฉืืช ืื, ื) “ืืฉืขื ืฉืืืจ ืืขืงื (ืฉื, ื) ‘ืืขื ืืจืขืื ืืื ืฉื ื ืืื’ ืืืจ ืื ืืงื”ื ืื ื ืืืืชืื ืืขืฉื ืืืืื, ืืืืืจืชื ืื ืืื ื ืื ืืืกืฃ, ืืืชื ืืชืจืขื ืขื ืืืื ืฉืื ืืขื ืืจืขืื, ืืืื ืฉืื ืื ืืชืืืืช ืฉืืฉ ืื ‘ืืืืืจ ืคืจืขื ืื ืืขืงื ืืื ืืื ืฉื ื ืืืื’ ืขื ‘ืืืื ืืืืจื’, ืื ืืืกืจื ืืฉื ืืชืื, ืฉืื ืชืืื ืืืื ืืฆืืง ืืืื, ืืื ื”ื ืชืืืืช ืืืื ืื ืื ื ืืกืจื ืืืืื, ืฉืืจื ืืฆืืง ืื ืง”ืค ืฉื ื ืืืขืงื ืื ืื ืืื ืงื”ื”, ืืื ื ืืื ื ื ืืืื ืื ืืช ืืชืืืขื ืฉื ืชืืข ืืขืงื ืืืื ื, ืืืื ืืื ืืงืื ืืืืืื ืืืืจื ืืืืจืฉ ืฉืืืจืืช ืฉืืขืงื ืืืื ื ืกืื ืื ืืื ืืืื ืืกืืจืื ื ืืจืืื ืฉืื ืืืขืื ืืืฉืืช ืื ืืฉ ืื ืืื ืื ืืืชืืื ื ืขื ืื, ืืืืื ืฉืืชืืื ื ื ืขื ืฉ ืฉืืืคืืชื ืื ื”ื ืฉื ืืช ืืืื ืื ืื ืื ืื ืืชืืืืช ืฉื ืชืืื ืชื. ืืืืื ืฉืืืืจืื ืืื ื ืืืื ืื, ืืฉ ืืื ืชืืกืคืช ืชืืืื ืจืืชื, ืืื ืชืืืืช ืืื ืืื ื ืืืืืืช ืจืง ืืช ืชืืื ืช ืืขืงื ืขืฆืื, ืืื ืื ืืช ื’ ืืชืืืืช ืฉื “ืืืืืจ ืคืจืขื ืื ืืขืงื ืืื ืืื ืฉื ื ืืืื”, ืืืืืข ื ืชืืข ืืขืงื ืขื ืฉืืืช ืคืจืขื. ืืื ื ืืืจ ืืืขืช ืืงื ืื (ืฉื) ืืชืืืืช ืืืจืื ืืชื, ืฉืื ืฉืืืช ืคืจืขื ืืืขืงื ืืืืชื ืืืืื ืฉืจืืื ืืงื ืืืื ืืฉืขืจืืช ืจืืฉื ืืืงื ื ืืื ืืช ืืจืื ืืงื ื, ืืืืืื ืืฉ ืืืืจ ืฉืืื ื ืืืื ืฉืืืช ืคืจืขื ืืชืื ืืชืืืืช ืฉืืขืงื ื ืชืืข ืขื ืืืืจืชื, ืฉืื ืจืง ืืืืช ืฉืืขืงื ืืจืืืฉ ืืฆืจืืชืื ืืื ื ืืืจื ืขื ืคื ืื, ืฉืืื ืคืจืขื, ืืืื ื ืชืืข ืขืืืื. ืืืื ืืงืื ืืืืืื ืืืื ืื ืฉืืื ื ืืจืืืฉ ืืืขืืช ืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืช ืืืื ืืขืืื ืืื.
ืืขืืช ืืื ืขืืื ืืื
ืืืกืืฃ ืืืืืจ ืืื ืืจื ืืืจ”ื ืฉืืืืืืืฅ ืืฆ”ื, ืื ื ืฉื ืื ื ืืืฉื ื (ืืืืช ืค”ื, ืื”ื) “ืืคื ืฉืขื ืืืช ืฉื ืงืืจืช ืจืื ืืขืืื ืืื, ืืื ืืื ืืขืืื ืืื”, ืืื ืื ื ืืื ื ืืื ืฉืขื ืืืช ืฉื “ืงืืจืช ืจืื ืืขืืื ืืื” ืืืื ืจืืืชืื ื ืืืืจื, ืฉืืื ืื ืื ืื ืฉื ืืืฉ ืืื ืจืง ืื ืื ืืืื ืืืคืฅ ืืืื ืก ืืกืขืืื ืืืืื ืืืคืืืจืช ืืื ื ืืชื ืื ืื ืืืื ืก ืคื ืืื, ืืื ืืื ื ืืชืจ ืืขืืื ืืืืฅ ืืืจืื ืืช ืจืืื ืืืื ืฉื ืืืืขืืื. ืืืื ืืงืื ืื ืืื ืขืืื ืืื, ืืื ืชืขื ืืื ืืขืืื, ืืืจืืืช ืืขืืื ืืขื ืกืืฃ ืื ืืืืจืืช ืฉื ืื ืืืจืืืช ืืืื, ืืื ื ืืคืื ืืฉืขื ืืืช ืฉื ืงืืจืช ืจืื ืืขืืื ืืื!. ืืื ื ืืืืื ืฉื ืื ื ืืชืืืืช ืืืฉื ื (ืฉื) “ืืคื ืฉืขื ืืืช ืืชืฉืืื ืืืขืฉืื ืืืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืื ืืื ืขืืื ืืื”, ืืืื ืืืจ ืืืืื ืืืื, ืฉืขื ืืืช ืืชืฉืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืคื ืืืชืจ ืื ืจืง ืืฉืขื ืืืช ืฉื ืงืืจืช ืจืื ืืขืืื ืืื, ืืื ืืื ืืื ืขืืื ืืื! ืืขืื ืฉืจืง ืฉืขื ืืืช ืฉื ืงืืจืช ืจืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืคื ืืืชืจ ืืื ืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืขืืืื ืขื, ืืื ืืฉ ืื ื ืืช ืืืืืืช ืืชืืจ ืืืฉืขืจ ืืช ืืืื ืืขืืช ืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืชืื ืชืฉืืื ืืืขืฉืื ืืืืื!, ืืืืจื ืฉืืืืืืจ ืืื, ืื ืืืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืชืื ืงืืื ืืฆืืืช ืืืขืฉืื ืืืืื, ืื ืืืคืฉืจืืช ืืืืืื ืฉืืฉ ืืืื ืืืืืข ืืืื ืขืืื ืืื, ืืืื ืืืืจ ืกืืฃ, ืืฉืขื ืืืช ืืืื ืืืืืช ืืืงื ืืช ืืื ื ืฆื ืืขืืืื ืขืืืืื, ืืืืขื ืื ืฉืขื ืืืช ืืขืืื ืืื ืืคื ืืืชืจ ืืื ืืื ืขืืื ืืื. ืืืืจ ืืืืข ืืืขืฉื ืขื ืืืจ”ื ืืฆืืง”ื, ืฉืืฉืขืช ืคืืืจืชื ืืื ืืฆืืฆืืืชืื ืืืื ืขื ืฉืจืง ืืขืืื ืืื ืืคืฉืจ ืชืืืจืช ืืื ืคืจืืืืช ืืืืืช ืืืฆืืช ืฆืืฆืืช ืืืงื ืืช ืืื ื ืฆื, ืืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืืืืืข ืืื ืชืืืจืช ืื ืืื ืฉืืขืืื. ืืช ืืกืืืืช ืืื ืืืจ ืืืจื ื ืืื ืืืื ืคืขืืื, ืืืฃ ืขื ืคื ืื ืืืื ืืืืืจ ืืืฉื ื ืืืช ืฉืื ืืฉืื.
ืืืืืช ืื ืคืฉ ืฉื ืจืื ืคืจืืื ืฉืืืืชืจ ืขื ืืื ืขืืื ืืื
ืืืืจื ืืขืืจืืืื (ื ื, ื) ืืืืื ืืช ืืืขืฉื ืืืืืข ืืจืื ืคืจืืื ืฉืืืจ ืืฉื ื ืืชืืืืื ืืช ืชืืืืื ืืจืืข ืืืืช ืคืขืืื ืขื ืื ืช ืฉืืืื ื ืืืื, ืคืขื ืืืช ืืืจืข ืฉืชืืืื ืื ืื ืืืื ืืช ืื ืืื ืืฃ ืืืืจ ืืจืืข ืืืืช ืคืขืืื, ืฉืืื ืจืื ืคืจืืื ืื ืืื ืืืืืื. ืืฉืืื ืืชืืืื, ืฉืืืื ืฉืงืืื ืืื ืืืืขื ืืืื ืฆืืงื ืืจืื ืคืจืืื ืืืงืฉื ืืืชื ืฉืืฆืืจืฃ ืืืืื ืืืืจ ืืฆืื, ืืฉืฉ ืฉืื ืืขืืืื ืจืื ืคืจืืื ืืื ืจืืข ืืืกืื ืืช ืืขืชื ืืชืืืืื ืืื ืืืื, ืืฉืืื ืจืื ืคืจืืื ืฉืืื ืื ืืืฉืืฉ ืืื ืืืฉืื ืืืืื ืขืื ืืช ืชืืืืื ืขื ืฉืืืื, ืืฉื ืจืื ืคืจืืื ืืืื ืขืื ืขืื ืืจืืข ืืืืช ืคืขืืื, ืืืืื ืฉืจืื ืืงื”ื ืืช ืจืื ืกืืื ืืชื ืฉื ืจืื ืคืจืืื, ืืฆืชื ืืช ืงืื ืืฉืืื ืืฉืืื ืืืชื ืื ืืขืืืฃ ืืงืื ืืฉืืจื, ืืื ืฉืืืกืืคื ืื ืืจืืข ืืืืช ืฉื ื ืขื ืฉื ืืชืื, ืื ืฉืืืื ืืื ืืื ืื ื ืืืจื ืืืืืช ืื ื ืขืืื ืืื. ืืฉืื ืจืื ืคืจืืื ืฉืืขืืืฃ ืฉืืื ืืื ืื ื ืืืจื ืืืื ืื ื ืขืืื ืืื. ืขื ืชื ืืช ืืงืื ืืืืจื, ืฉืืงืื ืื ืืช ืืฉืืจ ืืื ืืื ืืืกืืคื ืื ืืจืืข ืืืืช ืฉื ื ืฉื ืืชืื ืืืื ืฉืืขืืืฃ ืืช ืืืืช ืื ื ืืืจื ืขื ืืืืช ืขืฆืื. ืืืืืืจื ืืื ืชืืื ืืืืชืจ, ืืืืข ืืืืข ืื ืฉืืจ ืขื ืฉืืืจ ืืช ืืืืจื ืื, ืืื ืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืงืื ืืืืื ืืืงื”ื ืฉืืืื ืก ืืืื ืขืืื ืืื ืืื ืืขืืืฃ ืืงืื ืืช ืฉืืจ ืื. ืืืืจื ืฉืจืื ืืืจื ืืืฉืขืฆืื ืืืื ืืื ืื ืฉืืืกืืคื ืื ืืจืืข ืืืืช ืฉื ื ืขื ืืืื, ืืคื ื ืฉืืื ืืืข ืืืืืจ ืืขืจื ืืืืื, ืืฉืื ืจืืข ืืจืืข ืฉืืื ื ืืฆื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืกืืฃ ืืืงื ืืช ืืื ื ืฆื, ืืืคื ืฉืฉื ืื ื ืฉืืคื ืฉืขื ืืชืฉืืื ืืืขืฉืื ืืืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืืชืจ ืืื ืืื ืขืืื ืืื, ืืืืื ืฉืืืืจ ืืช ืืืืช ืื ื ืืืจื ืขื ืืืืชื ืฉืื, ืืื ืืงืืื ืฉืืืกืืคื ืื ืื ืืจืืข ืืืืช ืฉื ื ืขื ืฉื ืืชืื.
ย
ืื ืืช ืืื ืขืืื ืืื- ืืืืืง ืืืจืื
ืืืกืืฃ ืืจื ืืืจ”ื ืืฆ”ื ืืืืจ ืขืื ืืืขืืช ืืื ืขืืื ืืื, ืื ื ืืืชื ืืืืจืฉ ืจืื (ืฉืื”ืจ ื ื, ื) ืืขืฉื ืืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืื ืืืคืชื ืฉืื ืขืจื ืฉืืช ืืื ืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืืชืคืจื ืก, ืืฆื ืื ืืืืฅ ืืขืืจ ืืืชืคืื ืืคื ื ืืงื”ื ืฉืืกืืืข ืืืื, ื ืขืฉื ื ืก ืืืจืื ืื ืืื ืืืื ืื ืืฉืืื, ื ืชื ื ืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืืฉืืืื ื ืืงื ื ืื ืืช ืื ืฆืืจืื ืืฉืืช, ืืืื ืฉืจืืชื ืืฉืชื ืฉืงื ื ืืช ืื ืฆืืจืื ืืฉืืช ืฉืืืชื, ืืืืื ืืื, ืืืจ ืื ืืื ืฉืคืจื ืก ืืืชื ื ืืงื”ื. ืืืจื ืื, ืื ืืื ืืชื ืืืืจ ืื ืืืืื ืื ืืื ื ืืืขืืช ืืืื, ืืชืืื ืืกืคืจ ืื ืฉืืจืื ืื ืืื ืืืื ืื ืืฉืืื, ืืืจื ืื ืืื ื ืืืขืืช ืืืื ืขื ืฉืืืืจ ืื ืฉืืืืืจ ืืช ืืืื ืืืืฆืื ืฉืืช ืฉืื ืืื ื ืจืืฆื ืฉืฉืืืื ื ืืื ืืกืจ ืืฉืืืื ืืืจืื ืืื ืืื. ืืฉืกืืคืจ ืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืืจืื ืืช ืืขืฉื ืื ืืืจ ืื, ืื ืืืืจ ืื ืฉืื ืฉืืืื ื ืืื ืืกืจ ืื ื ืืืืื ื ืืฉืื, ืืื ืืืืจ ืื, ืืืจื ืื ืื ืขืื ืืื ืฉืืืื ืชืืจื, ืืืจื ืื: “ืจืื ืืื ืจืืื ืืื ืืืืืจื ืืขืืื ืืื, ืื ืื ืฆืืืง ืืฆืืืง ืืื ืืื ืขืืื ืืขืฆืื ืฉื ืืืจ (ืงืืืช ืื, ื) ‘ืื ืืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืช ืขืืืื ืืกืืื ืืฉืืง ืืกืืคืืื’ ืขืืืืื ืืื ืืชืื ืืื ืขืืืื”, ืืืื ืฉืฉืืข ืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืื ืืื ืืคืฉื ืืช ืืื ืืืืืืจ, ืืืจื ืืืืื ืื ืืื ืืืื ื. ืื ืืืื ื ืืืืื ืืืืืช ืืื ืขืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืงืื ื ืจืื ืืืืจื ืืืืจืฉ ืฉืืกืชืื ืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืฉื ืืื ืขืื ืืฉืืื ืืชืืืง ืืฉืืื ื ืืืื ืืืฉ ืื ืขืืื ืืฉืื, ืืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืื ืืื ื ืืืื ืืืืืช ืืืื ืืื ืืืืืง ืืืจืื, ืืืคื ืฉืืชืื (ืืจืืฉืืช ื, ืื) “ืื ืืื ืืืืช ืืืื ืืืื”.
ืืื ืืืื ืืขื ืงืื ืืจืก ืืกืคืืงืืช (ืืืงืืื ืืงืฆืื”ื ื”ื) ืืืืืจ”ื ืืืกืงืื, ืฉืื ืื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืชืขืื ืืืขืืืช ืจืืื ืืืช ื ืฉืืืืช ืืืืชืจ ืขื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืขืืืช ืืจืงืืข ืืืจืืืช ืืืืื ืืืืืื ืขืืืื ืืืืจืืื ื ืื ืื ืืืื ืืฉืืื ื, ืฉืืื ืืชืืจ ืืืื ืืฉืขืจ ืืช ืืขืื ื ืืจืืื ื ืืฆืจืืฃ ืฉืืฉ ืื, ืืื ืืงืื ืืืื ืืืื ืข ืืื ื ืืืฉืชืฃ ืืช ืืืจืื ืืืกืคืจ ืืื ืขื ืืื ืื ืฉื ืื ื, ืื ืืชื ืื ืชืืื ืืืฉืืืช. ื ืืฆืื ื ืืืืื ืืช ืืืื ืืื ืื ืฉืืฉ ืืืื ืืืืืืง ืืืจืื ืื ืืฉืขืช ืฉืืื ืืื ืืฉืขืช ืฆืจื, ืื ืืฉืืืืจ ืืืืฉ ืกืืจื ืืืื ืื ืืืจ ืืืืืฉ, ืื ืืชื ืื ืชืืื ืืืฉืืืช ืื ืื ืืืืจื ืืืืจืื. ืืืฉืจ ืื ืืฉื ื ืืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืขืืื ืืื. ืืืืืื ืืื ืขืืืื ืื ืืื ืฉืชืจื ืืืฉืืื ืืื ืจื ืขื ืื ืช ืฉืื ืืกืคืจื ืืืช ืืืืจืื, ืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืงืฉื ืื ืืกืคืจ ืืืช ืืืืจืื ืืื ืืฉืชืฃ ืืืชื ืืฉืืื ืื, ืืืืจ ืฉืืคื ื ืื ืืฉืืื ืืื ื ืืืฉืืืช.
ืืืคืขื ืืืจืช ืืืกืืฃ ืืจื ืืืจ”ื ืืฆ”ื ืืชืืืจ ืืช ืืขืืช ืืืฉืจ ืืืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืื ืืื ืขืืื ืืื, ืืฉืืื ืืืื ืืืช ืืืืชื ืืืืืชื, ืืืืชื ืชืงืืคื ืืื ืืฉืืื ืช ืืืช ืืฉืจืื ืื ืืืืช ืจืืืช, ืืฉืื ื ืืืืื ืฉืื ืขืืื ื ืืจืื ืืื ืืื ื ืืคื ืจืื ืืืฉืืื, ืืืื ืืืืชื ืื ืืช ื ืขืืื ืฉืืืืชื ืืืืจืช ื ืขืืื ืืกืืืื ืืฆืืขืื ืฉืื ืื, ืืืขื ืืื ืืช ืืื ืคืืจืก ืืช ืื ืขืืื ืืขื ืืื ืืฉืื ืืืื ืืืืฅ ืืื ืืช ืขื ืื ืช ืฉืืชืืืืฉื ืืฉืืฉ ืืืืืง, ืืืื ืคืขื ืืื ื ืขืื ืืจื ืืืจ”ื ืืฆ”ื ืืื ืืื ืืช ืืืชืืื ื ืื ืขืืื ืงืื ืืช ืฉืืื ืืืืขืืืช ืืชืื ืืง ืืืชืืื ืืืืืฉ ืืช ื ืขืืื ืืจืืฉืื ื ืืืืื, ืืืฃ ืืื ืื ืืืื ืืช ืืขื ืืืืจ, ืืืืื ืืื ืืืืืจืื ืฉืืืืื ืืจืืื ืขืื ืืชืื ืืคื ืื ืขื ืคืฉืจ ืืืืจ, ืืฉืืื ืืจื ืืืจ”ื ืืฆ”ื, ืฉืชืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืกืชืื ืขื ื ืขืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืฉื ืขื ืฉืืืช ืืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืฉืงื ืชื ืืืืื ืืงืื ืืช ืื ืขืืื ืืจืืฉืื ืืช ืืืืื. ืืช ืืืชื ืืืืื ืืืืกืืจืืช ืฉืืฉ ืืืื ืืืื ืืฆืื ื ืจืง ืืขืืื ืืื ืืื ืืขืืื ืืื, ืฉืื ืจืง ืืขืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืจืืืฉ ืืช ืฉืืืช ืืฉื ื ืืืฉืืื ืืฉืืืชื, ืืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืื ืืื ื ืืฉืชืชืฃ ืืฉืืืช ืืฉื ื, ืืืื ืืืฉืจ ืืืืื ืืขืืื ืืื.
ย
ืืื ื ืืืืืจื ืืขืื ืื ืืื ืคืฉืืื ืืืื, ืืืื ืขืืื ื ืืืขืช ืฉืืื ืืืืืืช ืืืื. ืืฉืืื ืงื ืืืืงืจ ืืืืืจ ืืืื ืื ื ืืคื ืื, ืืื ืืืื ืืจืืื ื ืฉื ืขืืื ืขื ืฉืืืืืจ ืื ืืช ื ืฉืืชื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืืฉืื ืืขืืื ืืืชื, ืืงืืื ืชืืจื ืืืฆืืืช ืืืขืฉืื ืืืืื, ืืขื ืื ืฉืืื ืื ืืืื ืืขืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืจืืืฉ ืืช ืืฉื ื ืืืื ืฉืืืชื ืืืฉืืช ืขืื ืืขืื ืืืื ืฆืขืจื. ืืื ื ืื ื ืื ื ืืชืืจื ืืฉ ืื ื ืชืืกืคืช ืฉืืื ืืืืืืช, ืื ืื ื ืืืืจืื ืื ืืื ืืชืคืืื “ืื ืื ืืืื ื ืืืืจื ืืืื ื ืืืื ื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืื”, ืื ืชืืจื ืืขืื ืืชืืจื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืื ืืช ืืืืื ืืืืืฉืจืื ืืืืชืจ ืืขืืื! ืืื ืฉืื ืืืจ ืืขืืื ืฉืืืื ืืืืืืืช ืืืืฉืจ ืฉืื, ืื ืื ื ืฆืจืืืื ืืืขืช ืืืขืจืื ืืช ืืืื ืืืืืช ืฉื ืคืื ืืืืงื ื, ืืืืจืื ืืืื ืื ืคืฉืืืื ืืื ืืืืืืื ืืช ืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืชื ื.
ืืืจื ื ืืชืืืืช ืืืื ืฉืื ืืืืจ ืืืชืื ืืช ืืขืจืืชืื ืขื ืืกืืช ืืืืืช, ืืืขื”ื ื ืกืืจื ืขื ืื ืช ืืืืฆืืื ืืืคืืก, ืื”ื ืฉืื ืืจื ืืืืืืง ืืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืืช ืืืืจืฉ, ืื ืืชืื ืืืืืฉื ืชืืจื ืืืืื ืืืื. ืจืฆืืชื ืืืืกืืฃ ืืื ืขืื, ืืฉืืืข ืืงืจืื ืืืคืืขื ืืื ืืื ืขื ืืืช ืืืื”ื ืืืืฉื ืฉืืืงืื’ื ืืืืืืฉื ืืชืืจื ืืืชืืืื ืฉื ืืืืื ืืืช ืืืืจืฉ, ืืขืืืื ืืืกืืคื ืืืืืจืื ืืช ืืขืจืืชืืื ืืืขื”ื ืืืืกืคืืช ืืืื ืืืชืจ ืืืืืช ืืืืืื”ืช ืืืชืืืื. ืืืื ืืืืชื ืจืืฆื ืืจืฉืืชืื ืืืืกืืฃ ืขืื ืืฆืขื ืขื ืื ืช ืฉื ืืื ืืงืื ืืืฉื ืขื ืืืงืืจ ืื ืจืืข ืืืืืื. ืืืฉื ืืฉืืืขืืื ืืืืื, ืืื ืืื, ืืืืขื ืืืืื”ื ืืื ืืืืจืื, ืืคื ืกืืจ ื’ ื’, ืืืืื ืฉืขื ืืืช ืืคื ื ืืื ืชืคืืืช ืฉืืจืืช. ืืืืจ ืืื ื ืืช ืืืื ื ืืืืงืจ ืืช ืืืื ืืืคืจื ืืช ืืืื ืื ืฉื ืืฉืืื ื”ืืช ืืฆืื” ืืืืืจื ืืืืืง ืืืื ืืื ืืืฉืื ืืืช ืืืืจืฉ. ืืืืชื ืืืช ืืืจืื ืืืืืืจ ืฉื ืื ื ืืืืืจ, ืฉืืฉืจืฆื ืืื ืื ืขื ืืฉืืืืช ืืืงืืจ ืืืื, ืืฉืืคืฉืจ ืื ืฆื ืื ืจืืข ืคื ืื ืืืื ืืืืืื ืชืืจื, ืืื ืงืืข ืืืืื ืขืืื ืืืืจืืชื ืืืื ืฉืืฉื ืืืจ ืืฆืืจืื, ืืืืจ ืืืืงืช ืื ืจืืช, ืื ืืฉืขื ืฉืชืืื ืืืืื, ืืขืื ืืื ื ืืืื ื, ืืื ืืื ืื ืฉืืื ืจืืข ืคื ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืืืืื. ืจืืืชื! ืืกืคืจ ืืื ืกืื, ืืื ื ืืืืจ ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืื ืคืจื, ืืืืื ืฉืืฉ ืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืขืฆืืื, ืืืืจ ืืืืื ืื ืืืืชืจ ืืื ืื ืืชืืจื, ืชืชืืืงื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืจืขืืช, ืืืืงืฉ ืืืืื ืฉืืื ื ืืืื ืืืืฉืื. ืืจืื ืืืฆืืื. ืืืืืขื ืฉืืช.
โซโชParshaโฌโฌ โซโชPreview
Harav Hagaon Meir Wahrsager Shlita
Are You Truly Free in a โFree Countryโ?
Parashas Shemos
Harav Hagaon Meir Wahrsager Shlita
With the opening of Sefer Shemos, we begin the period known as Shovavim, which is parallel to the parashiyos of Shemos, Vaโeira, Bo, Beshalach, Yisro, and Mishpatim. In a leap year, such as this, Terumah and Tetzaveh are included as well, which makes it โShovavim Tat.โ This period of Shovavim is a time when many Yidden focus specifically on improving their kedushah and taharah, and I would like to explain what the connection is to this time of the year.
Sefer Shemos describes the exile and enslavement of Klal Yisrael in Mitzrayim, and the subsequent geulah. In Mitzrayim, Klal Yisrael was immersed in one of the most degraded places of tumah in the world, enveloped in the foreign influences and impurities of Mitzrayim, like a baby in the womb. These influences affected Klal Yisrael, and the process of geulah was a purification process that involved slowly ridding them of these imperfections. Hakadosh Baruch Hu put Klal Yisrael through a kur habarzel in Mitzrayim, purifying them of these foreign influences, so the period when we read about this process is an auspicious time to work on and grow in kedushah and taharah. That is the general idea of Shovavim Tat.
If so, we can understand why Shovavim encompasses Shemos, Vaโeira, and Bo, which are the parashiyos that discuss Klal Yisraelโs stay in Mitzrayim and the redemption. Perhaps we can also understand why Beshalach is included, as until Krias Yam Suf they werenโt totally free, because there was a chance that they would be taken back to Mitzrayim. But why are Yisro and Mishpatim included? These parashiyos discuss Mattan Torah! Whatโs even more puzzling is that, in a leap year, Terumah and Tetzaveh, which discuss the Mishkan, are part of Shovavim Tat. What does that have to do with Yetzias Mitzrayim?
When Are We Truly Free?
I think thereโs a very important message here regarding how a person can merit geulah and purify and sanctify himself. To illuminate this, letโs look at the Rambanโs introduction to Sefer Shemos, which defines the overall subject of this Chumah. He says that Shemos is all about the galus and the geulah, and then he goes on to explain why the later parashiyos โ Yisro, Mishpatim, Terumah, Tetzaveh, Ki Sisa, Vayakhel, and Pekudei โ are included in this Chumash, even though they donโt seem to be discussing galus or geulah.
The Ramban explains that the geulah was not fully completed until Klal Yisrael returned to the level of the Avos, Avraham, Yitzchak, and Yaakov. Although they had left Mitzrayim and were no longer technically enslaved, they were stilled considered in exile, as they had not returned to the level of the Avos. That return was accomplished after they stood at Har Sinai and received the Torah, and after they build the Mishkan and the Shechinah dwelled among them, at which time they reached the level of the Avos, because they were called โmerkavah,โ meaning that the Shechinah rested upon them. They were the โchariotโ for the Shechinah, so to speak, and when Klal Yisrael reached that level, only then was the redemption complete, and the spiritual influence and contamination of Mitzrayim eradicated.
The Ramban is teaching that galus is not merely a matter of being in a foreign land, or under physical bondage. Galus affects who the person is, and contaminates him with foreign influences. The depth of galus is when a person strays from where heโs supposed to be. The place where Klal Yisrael belongs is the place of the Avos, the state of ืืืืืช ืื ืื ืืืจืืื. When youโre displaced from there, when youโre scattered and distant, then you are in galus.
The foreign influence of Mitzrayim affected Klal Yisrael to the extent that they were golim, not geulim โ even after they left Mitzrayim. This is reflected in the phrase โYetzias Mitzrayim,โ which, many have noted, is a peculiar name for the redemption; shouldnโt it have been called โYetziah MiMitzrayimโ โ departure from Egypt โ rather than โEgyptโs departureโ? Where was Mitzrayim going?
In truth, however, it was not enough for us to exit Mitzrayim. We also had to take Mitzrayim and its influence out of us, and rediscover what it means to be a Yid and have a relationship with Hakadosh Baruch Hu.
Exiled Within
We can now understand why all the sefarim hakedoshim stress that during this period of Shovavim there is a specific focus on purifying ourselves in matters related to the yitzra dโarayos. In the world of sin and tumah, represented by Mitzrayim, there is no force that exiles a person like that yetzer hara.
The Maharal and the Gaon famously teach that the three cardinal sins โ avodah zarah, shefichus damim, and giluy arayosโ correspond to the three areas of avodas Hashem: bein adam lโMakom, bein adam lโchaveiro, and bein adam lโatzmo, respectively. These sins represent the destruction of each of those three realms. The Maharal explains that arayos destroys a personโs connection with himself. Anyone who has ever battled and been sullied in the realm of the yitzra dโarayos will understand what it means that this sin creates an inner blockage that alienates the person within himself. He has no clarity, he loses confidence, he feels distant.
The idea that arayos corresponds to the realm of bein adam lโatzmo is alluded to in Chazalโs statement in Pirkei Avos, ืื ืืืจืื ืฉืืื ืขื ืืืฉื ืืืจื ืจืขื ืืขืฆืื โ the person is harming his own essence! This is the deepest part of the galus โ when a person becomes exiled in himself. You could put such a person in the holiest place โ at the Kosel Hamaaravi, in the home of gedolei olam โ but if heโs still under this influence, he will be alienated.
The Ramban says that even after Klal Yisrael left Mitzrayim physically, they had not yet come full circle, because they hadnโt transcended all foreign influences. That was accomplished only after the events of Yisro, Mishpatim, Terumah, Tetzaveh, Ki Sisa, Vayakhel, and Pekudei.
We are all influenced to some extent by Western culture and its foreign ideas, especially those who grew up in chutz laaretz, although really this tumah is everywhere today. The first part of our avodah, then, is to step out of the mud and remove ourselves from the land of Mitzrayim, as it were. But the message of Shovavim, and the whole Sefer Shemos, is that taking this first step does not bring us to a full geulah. Says the Maharal, only when you reach a state of Mattan Torah and ืื ืื ืืืจืืื, in which you forge a relationship Torah and Hakadosh Baruch Hu โ as the passuk says, ืชึผืึนืจึทืช ื’ ืชึฐึผืึดืืึธื ืึฐืฉึดืืืึทืช ื ึธืคึถืฉื โ are you fully anchored in your true self. Even if a Yid momentarily steps out of the dirt, until he has a deep connection to Torah, he canโt achieve full redemption, which means he wonโt be protected from these alien forces and impurities. Yisro and Mishpatim are therefore a crucial part of Shovavim.
The Final Step
But it doesnโt end there. Another important part of the process of achieving redemption is to create a Mishkan โ a place of hashraas haShechinah. Today, that is usually associated with a makom tefillah, but we can also turn our homes into a mikdash, where the Shechinah can dwell. The later parashiyos of Sefer Shemos, which discuss the building of the Mishkan, are also part of this Chumash, because they represent the culmination of the geulah. So these parashiyos, too, are part of Shovavim.
This message is so important for us today, as there hasnโt been any other time in recent history that Klal Yisrael is feeling what it means to be in galus. We are feeling it in every part of our lives, and obviously, Hashem wants us to become more Jewish. During this period, our avodah is to try to locate and uproot the foreign influences within ourselves. There are so many ideas that I myself grew up with in America that are so foreign to Torah, but that stick to me stubbornly, and the avodah during these weeks is to focus on removing them.
But thatโs not enough. Anyone who wants to achieve purity and really find themselves โ our generation is trying so hard to find ourselves, because we are so distant from ourselves โ has to come back full circle to regain the connection that our forefathers had. We have to return to the maalah of the Avos, who were the merkavah, and through that intimate connection โ as represented by Yisro, Mishpatim, Terumah, and Tetzaveh โ will we be considered geulim.
We should all be zocheh to the geulah sheleimah.
Gut Shabbos.