ืืืจื ืจืืืชืื ื
Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Sar haTorah Hagaon Harav Chaim Shmulevitz, ztโl
ืืื ื ืชืืืื ืื ืคื ืืจืื (ื, ื)
ืืืชื ืืืืจื (ืกืืื ืื, ื) “ืืืจ ืจืื ืืืื ืืจ ืืื ืืืจ ืจืื ืกืืืื ืฉืืฉื ืืื ืืืืชื ืขืฆื, ืืืขื ืืืืื ืืืชืจื, ืืืขื ืฉืืขืฅ ื ืืจื, ืืืื ืฉืฉืชืง ื ืืืื ืืืกืืจืื, ืืชืจื ืฉืืจื ืืื ืืื ื ืื ืื ืฉืืฉืื ืืืฉืืช ืืืืืช”.
ืืงืฉื ืืจื ืจืืฉ ืืืฉืืื ืฉื”ืช ืืืืื ืืจื ืืืื ืฉืืืืืืืฅ ืืฆืืื”ื:ย ืฆ”ื, ืืืืืืจื ืขืฆืช ืืืขื ืืืืจื ืืืืชื ืืฉืชืืงืช ืืืื, ืื”ื ืืื ื ืขื ืฉ ืืืขื ืืืืชื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืื ื ืขื ืฉ ืืขืื ืฉ ืืืืกืืจืื ืฉืื ืงืฉืื ืืืื ืขืจืื ืืขืื ืฉ ืืืชื. ืืืคื ืฉืืฆืื ื ืืื’ (ืืชืืืืช ืื,ื) ืืื ื ืื ืืืฉืื ืืขืืจืื, ืฉืื ืื ืฉืืฆืืืื ืืขืืื ืื ืกืืื ืืื ืืืฉืชืืืืช ืืฆืื ืืื ืืฉืื ืฉืงืืืื ืขืื ืฉ ืืืชื, ืื ืืืื ืืื ื ืขื ืฉืื ืืืืกืืจืื ืืื ืืฉืชืืืืื ืืฆืื?
ืืืืืจ: ืืืื ื ืืืื ืืช ืืงืจืช ืืืืื, ืฉืืฃ ืืืื ืืืืืืื ืืืืกืืจืื ืขืืืคืื ืื ืขื ืืืืชื. ืืคื ื ืฉืื ืืื ืฉืืืื ืื ืืฉ ืืืคืฉืจืืชื ืืืชืงืจื ืื ืืงื”ื, ืืืฃ ืฉืืืชืื ืฉืืืคื ืืืื ืงืืฉื ืืืืกืืจืื ืืืื ืื ืืืืืช, ืืคื ืฉืืฆืื ื ืืื ื ืื ืืืฉืื ืืขืืจืื, ืื ืืขืค”ื ืขืื ืฉ ืืืืชื ืืืืืชื ืืืื ืื ืืืืกืืจืื. ืืื ื ืขื ืฉ ืืืขื ืขื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืขืื ืฉ ืืืชื ืืืืืจ, ืืืืื ืืืื ืฉืฉืชืง ื ืขื ืฉ ืขื ืืืื ืืงืื ืืขืื ืฉ ืืืกืืจืื ืฉืืื ืืงื ืืืชืจ.
ืื ืขืืืื ืฆ”ื ืืืืข ื ืขื ืฉ ืืืื ืืืืกืืจืื, ืืจื ืื ืื ืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืืชื ืืืืชื ืืืืืช ืืช ืืืืจื?
ืืื ืฉืืืืกืืจืื ืืื ื ืืืื ืจืง ืืขืื ืฉ ืขื ืืืื, ืืื ืื ืืืื ืืช ืืืื ืืช ืืืจื ืืืฉืจื ืฉืื ืืืื ืืขืชืื. ืื ืืขื ืื ืฉืืืืืื ืืืื “ืืืื ืื ืื ืืืื”, ืืื ืฉืืืื ืืขืืื ืืืืชืืื ื ืืืืื. ืืืืจ ืืืืจ ืืื ืืจื ืืืจืืกืง ืืฆืืง”ื, ืฉืืืชืืืกืจ ืืืืกืืจืื ืืืขืง ืืืืช ืืืกืืจืื, ืืืจืืช ืฉืืืืข ืฉืืขืงืืชืื ืื ืืืขืืื ืื ืืืืื, ืืฉืื ืฉืื ืืืข ืืืจืืืช ืฉืืฉืืืื ืฆืืขืงืื, ืืืื ืฉืืื ื ืฆืืขืง ืืืืจื ืฉืืื ืืืืจ ืืืื ืื. ืืขืชื, ืืืื ืฉืฉืชืง ืืื ืฆืขืง ืขื ืืืืจืืช ืคืจืขื, ืืืืจื ืฉืื ืืจืืืฉ ืืฆืจืืช ืขื ืืฉืจืื ืืคื ืฉืืฉ ืืืืกืืจืื ืฉืื, ืืื ื ืขื ืฉ ืืืชืืืกืจ ืืืืกืืจืื, ืขื ืื ืช ืืืืืืื ืขื ืฉืืื ื ืืจืืืฉ ืืฆืจืืช ืฉื ืืื ืืฉืจืื ืืคื ืฉืืฉ ืืฆืจืืชืื ืฉืื, ืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืช ืืืื ืืื ืืืขืง ืืขืงื ืืืืื ืืืจื, ืืืจืืช ืฉืื ืืื ืืื ืื ืชืืขืืช.
ืืืจื ืืืืื
Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Sar haTorah Hagaon Harav Chaim Shmulevitz, ztโl
ืืืืืช ืืืืืืช
ืฉื ืช ืชืฉ”ื. ืฉืืืื ืืช ืืคื ืืืืืื ืืืฆืืจืฃ ืืืืืื ืืขืืืืืช. ืืืคื ืคืืืืื ืืืืืื ื ืชืื ื “ืืืื ืืช ืืืืื” ืืฉืืืื ืืงืืื ืฉืืืคื ื ืืฉืืื ื”ืืกืืื ืื” ืืืคื ืืืฉืืืื ืืช ืื ืกืื ืื ืืจื ืืืฆืจ ืืช ืฆืขืืืื.
ืขืงื ืื ืืืืจ ืืจื ืืืงืฉืืช ืืืืืจื ื”ืืืื ืืช ืืืืคืฉ”, ืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืช ืืื ื ืืขืืืช ืืช ืฉืขืจืืื. ืจืง ืืื ืืื ืขืฉืจื ืืืงืฉืื ืืงืื ืืฉืจืช ืื ืืกื ืืืืื ื ืืืจืช.
ืื ืืขืืื ืืื ื ืืืฉืืื ืงืืืื “ืืฉืจื ืื ืืืืคืฉ”. ืฉื ื ืืืื ืงืืืื ืืฉืจื ืืืจื”ื, 41 ืืืืจืื ืืื ืืืฉืจื ืืงื ืื ืืขืื ืืกืคืจ ืืืืจืื ืืื ืืืฉืจื ืืคืจืืืืื ืฉืืืจืื ืืืจืืงื. ืืืื, ืจืื ืชืืืืื ืืืฉืืื ื ืืืฆื ืืืฉืืจ ืืืืฃ ืืื ืืืฉืืื ืืืคื.
ืืฉืืชืืจืจ ืืืืจ ื”ืืืื ืืืฉืจืืช”, ืืืจื ืืืื ืคื ืืื ืฉืื ืืขืืื ืืช ืืืฉืืื. ืืจืฆืื ืืืฉืืจ ืืชืื “ืืฉืคืืช ืืืจ” ืกืคืื ืื ืืืืื ืฉื ืชืืจื ืืจื ืืื ืืืืืจ ืืืืฉื ืืช ืืื ืืกืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืขืืจ ืืื ื ืืืข, ืชืืช ืืืคืฉืจืืช ืืืืืข ืืืืฃ ืืืืืื ืืืจืฆืืช ืืืืคืฉ.
ืืืืคื ืืืื ื ืืื “ืืืืช ืืืฉืคืื” ืจืื ื ืืืฉืืื. ืืจื ืืืฉืืื ืืื”ืฆ ืจืื ืืืืงืื ืืืื ืฉืืืื ืงืืื ืกืจืืืคืืงื ืืืจืฅ ืืฉืจืื ืขืื ืงืืื ืืื, ืืขืช ืฉืฉืืชื ืืืฉืืื ืืงืืืื ืฉืืืืื. ืืืฉืืื ืืฆ”ื ืืื ืืื ืืช ืืืคืฉืจืืช ืืื ืืืืจ ืืืืฉืืจ ืขื ืื ืื ืชืืืืื ืืืฉืืื ืืฉื ืืช ื ืืืืืื.
ืื ื ืื ืื ืืจื ืจืืฉ ืืืฉืืื ืฉื”ืช ืืืืื ืืจื ืืืื ืฉืืืืืืืฅ ืืฆืืื”ืย ืฉืงืืื ืืฉืจื ืืืจื”ื, ืืจืืฉื ืืขื ืืืฆืื ืืืงื ืื ืืืฆืืจืฃ ืืืืื ืืืืืฆืื ืืงืื ืืฉืจืืช ืขืืืจ ืื ืื ื ืืืฉืืื, ืืืฃ ืืงืื ืกืื ืืืืจืืงืื ืขืฆืื ืคื ื ืืืื ืืืงืฉื ืื ืฆื ืืช ืืืฉืจื ืขืืืจื ืืขืืืจ ืื ื ืืฉืคืืชื. ืืืื ืืจื ืืฆ”ื ืกืืจื ืืืืจ ืืขืืืจ ืืช ืืกืข ืืกืื ืืื ืืืืื ืขื ืื ืื-ืชืืืืืื.
ืืฉืืืื ืืืื
Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shpitzer Shlita
ืฉืืืช
ืืืื ืฉื ื’
ืืชืื ืื ืฉืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืืจื ืืืืจ ืืืจ. ืข’ ืงืืืฉืื ืข”ื ืข”ื ืืชืื ืื ืฉืื ืืืชืื ืืื ืืืจื, ืืืจ ืืงื”ื ืื ืืื ืฉืื ื ื ืืชื ืื ื ื ืงืจื. ืืืขื”ื ืืจืฉ”ื ืืฉื ืฉืื”ืจ ืืืชืื ืืขืื ืืกืจ ื’ ืืืจืืฉ ืืืขืืื, ืฉืื ืืงืจื ืืืชืื. ืืืืื ืืืกืืจ ืืืื ืืช ื’ ืืืืชืืืชืื.
ืืืขื ืื ืืืืจืช ืืืืชืืืช ืืื ืงืจืืื ืื ืงืืืืช ืข’ ืืื”ื ื’ ื”ื ืืืกืืจ, ืืืคืืื ืืืืจ ืจืง ื’ ืืื”ื ื’ ื”ื ืืกืืจ ืืืื ืฉื ืืขืฆืื, ืืื ืืืืืจ ืืชืืก’ ืข”ื ื”ื ืืื ืืืืืจ ืืชืืก’ ืกืืื ื’ ืข”ื. (ืืข”ืฉ ืืืจืฉ”ื ืืข”ื ืืืืืกืืจ ืืฉื ื’ ื’ ืืื ืจืง ืืืืืจ ืืืืชืืืช ืืื ืงืจืืืช ืืฉื ืืืชืจ, ืืฉืื ื ืืงืจืืืช ืฉื ืืงื”ืง, ืืืื ืฉืืืืืจ ืืขืจืืืื ื”ื ืข”ื ืืืืื ืฉืืจื ืืื”ืง ืืื ืืขืืื ืฉืืฉืชืืฉ ืืฉืชื ืืืชืืืช ืฉื ืืืจ ืื ืื ืฉืื ืชืืื ืงื. ืืข’ ืืืจ”ื ืืกืืื). ืืข’ ืฉื”ืช ืจืื”ื ื”ื? ืืฉืื ืืช ืืจืื”ื ื”ื ืืืืกืจ.
ืืข’ ื”ืก ืื”ื ืงืฆ”ื ืืก”ื ืืืืื ื ืฉืจื, ืืชืื ืืื ืขื ืชืืก’ ืืกืืื ืืืฉืืข ืืืืกืืจ, ืืืืื ืืืขืืจ ืืื ืจืข”ื, ืื ืืืง ืืื ืื”ืก. (ืืขื”ืค ืืืืืจ ืืจืข”ื ืืืืง ืืชืืก’ ืืืืกืืจ, ืืข’ ืฉื”ืช ืจืข”ื ืกื’ ื’ ืืืืชื ืฉื ื’ ืืืื ืืื ืืืกืืจ ืืืื ืืช ื’ ืืฉืื ืืชืืื ืืืืืืจ, ืืคืฉืื ืื ืืืคืืื ืืื ื ืืงืื ืืกืืจ). ืืืกืืจืช ืื”ืก ืื ืก”ื ืื ืื”ื ืชื ืื ื ืื”ื ืฆ”ื ืฉืืชื ืฉืืืืจืื ืืฉื ืืืื ืืืืืจืื ืืืชืืืช ืืฉื ืืื ื ืงืืืืช.
ืืข’ ืฉืืืช ืืืื ืฉืก”ื, ืฉืืชื ืฉืืืืจ ืืฉืงืืจื ืขื ืชืื ืืง ืฉืื ืืงืจืืช ืืืชืืืช ืืงืืง (ืืืื ืืกืืฃ ืชืืื ืืชืืืืช ืชืืื) ืืื”ื. ืืืฉืืื ืืืื ืืชืืก’ ืฉืืืขืืช ื”ื ืืฉืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ื ืืชืืืื ืืฉื ืืืชืจ, ืื”ื ืืืืืจ ืืื ืืฉืืืช ืืืื ืืืชืืื. (ืืืื’ ืืคื ืืืจืื ืืืื ืื ืืืืืจ ืื ืืฉื ืง”ื ืืืชืืื, ืืืืื ืืื ืคืฉืืื ืืื ืืชืืก’ ืืกืืื ื’ ืืืชืืจ ืื ืืื ื ืืชืืืื ืืฉื. ืื ”ื ืื ืืืืืจ ืืจืื ืืงืื ืืก’ ืคืืื ื ื’ ื’).
ืืข’ ืืขืื ืืชืืก’ ืฉืืืขืืช ื”ื ืืฉืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ื ืืชืืืื ืืฉื ืืืชืจ, ืืืืืช ืฉื ืื ืืงืืจ ืืืืกืืจ ืฉื ืืืชืืืช ืืื”ื, ืื”ื ืืื’ ืืื ื ืจืื ืืืืื ืืกืืื ืขื ืืงืืื ืฉื ืชืืก’. ืืื ืฉืืืช ืืืื ืืืืืจ.
ืืืขืืงืจ ืืืื ืช ืชืืก’ ืฆ”ืข ืืืจื ืืฉืืืข ืืฉื ื’. ืืข”ืฉ ืืืขื ืืืช ื’ ืฉืคื’ ืืืื ืชื ืื ืื ืืืืกืืจ ืื ืืืื ืชื ืจืง ืืืืืช ืืช ืืฉื, ืืื ืื ืืืื ืชื ืืืฉืืืข ืฉืจื. ืืืื’ ื”ื ืืื ืืงืื ืฉืืฉ ืื ืืืจื ืืืืจ ืืืืชืืืช.
ืืข’ ืกืืืืจ ืืขืช ืงืืืฉืื, ืืกืืคื ืืงืื ’ ืขืืื ืชืคืื ืืจ’ ืฉืืขืื ืืืจืืืืื, ืฉืืืื ืืฉ ืืืืืจืื ืฉืื ืืืืจ “ืืืื ืืื” ืืกืืจ, ืืื ืืกืืจ, ืืฉืื ืืืื ืืช ืืฉื. ืืืฉืื ืขืืื ืืกืืืจืืื ืืคื ืชืืก’ ืื ”ื ืืฉืืืขืืช.
ืืข’ ืคื ืื ืื ืืืืจืืช ืชืืจืช ืืื ืขื’ ืฆ”ื ืฉืืืจื”ื ืจืฆื ืืืชืคืื ืืืงื ืืกืืืืจ ืฉืฉื ื’ ื ืืชื ืืืืืื ืืืื ืืชืคืื ืืืฉื ืืฉืจืื, ืืื ืืฉืื ืืคืืจืืฉืื.
ืืืจืื ืฉืืชื ืืืกืจ ืื ื ืืืจ"ื ืฉืืื"ื
Hagaon Harav Yitzchok Hacohen Hellman Shlita
ย ืืขืจื ืฉืืช ืคืจืฉืช ืฉืืืช ืชืฉืข”ื
ืืืื ืืจืขื ืืืืจื ืืฉืืืช ืืืจ ืืงืืืฉื ืืืืขืืืจื ืื”ื, ืฉืืืืื ืืฉืื ืืื.
ืื ื ืืชื ืืจืื”ื ืืืงืืืชื ืืกืคืจ ืฉืืืช ืืกืคืจ ืฉืืืช ืืืื ืืื ืกืคืจ ืืืืืช ืืืืืืื, ืืืืืจ ืฉื ืืื ืืชื ืชืืจื ืืืขืฉื ืืืฉืื ืืื ืืืง ืืืืืืื, ืื”ื ืฉื “ืืื ื ืืืืืช ืืื ื ื ื ืฉืื ืขื ืืื ืฉืืื ืื ืืงืืื ืืื ืืขืืช ืืืืชื ืืฉืืื. ืืืฉืืฆืื ืืืฆืจืื, ืืฃ ืขื ืคื ืฉืืฆืื ืืืืช ืขืืืื, ืขืืืื ืืืฉืื ืืืืื, ืื ืืื ืืืจืฅ ืื ืืื, ื ืืืืื ืืืืืจ. ืืืฉืืื ืื ืืจ ืกืื ื ืืขืฉื ืืืฉืื ืืฉื ืืงื”ื ืืืฉืจื ืฉืืื ืชื ืืื ืืื, ืื ืฉืื ืื ืืขืืืช ืืืืชื, ืฉืืื ืกืื ืืืื ืขืื ืืืืืื, ืืื ืื ืืืจืืื, ืืื ื ืืฉืื ืืืืืื. ืืืื ื ืฉืื ืืกืคืจ ืืื ืืืฉืืืื ืขื ืื ืืืฉืื ืืืืืืช ืืืื ื’ ืืื ืืืชื ืชืืื ืขื”ื”.
ืืืืืจ ืืืืจื ืืจืื”ื ืืืืืื ืืืืชืืช ืืื ื ืืื ืจืง ืืืฉืจ ืฉืืื ืืืขืืช ืืืืชื ืฉืืืืชื ืืื ืงืืื ืืืืืช, ืืื ื ืฉืืจ ืจืืฉื ืืืืืืช, ืืื ื ืื ื ืืืืจื ื ืืืจ ืขืงืืชื ืืืฉืืื, ืืืืืื ืจืืื ืื ื ืืืชืืืง ืืืืืื ืืชืืจื ืืืงืืืขืช ืขืชืื ืืชืืจื, ืื ืข”ื ืื ืื ื ืืชืงืจืืื ืืขื ืืืขืืช ืืืืชืื ื ืงืืื ืืืืืช, ืืืื ืืืจื ืืฆืืช ืื ืืืืืช ืืืงืจื ืืช ืืืืืื ืืฉืืืื ืื”ื.
ืืืืืื ืืืืืื ืืื”ื
ืืฆืืง ืืืื ืืืื
ื. ืฉืืืช ืคืจืง ื’ ืคืกืืง ื’ “ืืืื ืฉืืืช ืื ื ืืฉืจืื ืืืืื ืืฆืจืืื ืืื’ “.
ืืชื ืืจืื”ื ืืืงืืืชื ืืกืคืจ ืฉืืืช ื”ื “ืืฉืืื ืืืชืื ืกืคืจ ืืจืืฉืืช ืฉืืื ืกืคืจ ืืืฆืืจื ืืืืืืฉ ืืขืืื ืืืฆืืจืช ืื ื ืืฆืจ ืืืืงืจื ืืืืืช ืฉืื ืืขื ืื ืืฆืืจื ืืืจืขื, ืืคื ื ืฉืื ืืงืจืืื ืฆืืืจื ืืืจืื ืืจืืื ืืืืืืืข ืื ืขืชืื ืืื ืืื. ืืืืจื ืฉืืฉืืื ืืืฆืืจื, ืืชืืื ืกืคืจ ืืืจ ืืขื ืื ืืืขืฉื ืืื ืื ืืจืืืื ืืื.
ืื ืชืืืื ืกืคืจ ืืืื ืฉืืืช ืืขื ืื ืืืืืช ืืจืืฉืื ืื ืืืจ ืืคืืจืืฉ ืืืืืืื ืืื ื ืืืื ืืืจ ืืืชืืื ืืฉืืืช ืืืจืื ืืฆืจืื ืืืกืคืจื, ืืฃ ืขื ืคื ืฉืืืจ ื ืืชื ืื, ืืขืืืจ ืื ืืจืืืชื ืฉื ืืื ืจืืฉืืช ืืืืืช, ืื ืืื ืืืื ืขื”ื”.
ืืืืืจ ืืืืจื ืืจืื”ื ืืคืกืืง “ืืืื ืฉืืืช” ืืื ืืืจื ืขื ืืืชื ืคืกืืง ืขืฆืื ืื ืืืจ ืืขืื ืืค’ ืืืืฉ [ืืจืืฉืืช ื”ื ื’] ืืืืฉืื ืืจืื”ื ืืืื [ื’ ื’] ืื”ื “ืืขื ืืืื ืฉืืืช ืื ืืืชืื ืืจืฆื ืืื ืืช ืขื ืืื ืืืืืช ืืขืช ืจืืชื ืืืฆืจืื, ืื ืื ืืื ืืจืืฉ ืืืืื, ืืืฉืจ ืคืืจืฉืชื, ืืืคืืื ืืืืืจ ืื ืชืืืืช ืืขื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืคืกืืง ืืื ืืจืขื ืืืื ืืชื ืืฆืจืืื (ืืจืืฉืืช ืื ื), ืืฉื ืืชืื ืืืจืื ืืืื ืฉืืืช ืื ื ืืฉืจืื ืืืืื ืืฆืจืืื ืืื’, ืืืืชื ืืคืกืืง ืืขืฆืื ืืื ืฉืืืืืจ ืืืื ืขื”ื”.
ื ืจืื ืืืืจ ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืช ืืจืื”ื ืืืืชืื ืืืืจ ืขื ืืืื ืฉืืืช ืขืื ืคืขื ืืื ืจืง ืืฉืืื ืืืชืืื ืืช ืกืืคืืจ ืืืืช ืืฆืจืื ืืชืืืืชื, ืืืืืื ืืืื ืฉืืืช ืืื ืจืง ืืืจื ืืขืืื ืขื ืื ืฉืืืจ ื ืืชื ืืขืื ืืืืืฉ ืืจืืฉืืช.
ืืื ืขืืืง ืืืื ืช ืืจืื”ื ืืื ืืื ืฉืืชื ืืืงืืื ืื ”ื, ืืกืคืจ ืืจืืฉืืช ืืื ืกืคืจ ืืฆืืจื ืืืขืฉื ืืืืืช ืืืชืืืื ืืืจืืฉืืช ืื ืืชืืจืช “ืืขืฉื ืืืืช ืกืืื ืืื ืื” ,ืืกืคืจ ืฉืืืช ืืื ืกืคืจ “ืืืืืช ืืืืืืื” ืืืืขืฉืื ืฉื ื ืืืขืื ืืืื ื”ืืขืฉื ืืืืช” ืืืชืืืื ืืืจืืฉืืช.
ืืื ื ืืจืื”ื ืื ”ื ืืช’ ืืืืืช ืืฆืจืื ืชืืืืชื ืืืจืืืช ืืขืงื ืืื ืื ืืืฆืจืื, ืื”ื ื ืืฆื ืืืืขืฉืื ืฉืืืจืขื ืืื ืืจืืืช ืืขืงื ืืื ืื ืืืฆืจืื ืฉื ื ืขื ืืื ืื ืืฉ ืืื, ืื’ ืฉืื ืชืืืืช ืืืืืช ืืืืืืื ืืฉืืื ืืกืคืจ ืฉืืืช, ืืื’ ืฉืืฉ ืืื ืื ืชืืจืช “ืืขืฉื ืืืืช” ืืฆื ืื ืฉืืืจืข ืืืขืงื ืืืื ื ืืืืื ืืจืืืชื ืืืฆืจืื ืืื ืื ืฉืืืจืข ืืืืกืฃ ืืื ืื ืื ืื ืชืืจืช “ืืขืฉื ืืืืช” ืืฉืื ืฉืืืกืฃ ืืื ืื ืื ืืืจ ืฉื ืื ืืื ืืฉืืจ ืืฉืืืื, ืืืจื ืื ืื ืืคืจืื ืืื ืฉื ืืื ืืขืฆืื ืืฉืืืื.
ืืืคื”ื ืืืื ืช ืืจืื”ื ืืื ืืื ืฉืืช’ ืืชืืจื “ืืืื ืฉืืืช ืืื'” ืืืจืืฉืืช ืืื ืืฆื ื”ืืขืฉื ืืืืช” ืฉืืฉ ืืื ืืืืื ื ืื ืฉืืืจืข ืืืขืงื ืืืืืกืฃ. ืืื ืฉืืืจื ืืชืืจื ืขื “ืืืื ืฉืืืช ืืื'” ืืชืืืืช ืกืคืจ ืฉืืืช ืืื ืืฆื ืกืืคืืจ ืชืืืืช ืืืืืช ืฉืืฉ ืืื ืืืื ืื ืฉืืืจืข ืืื ืื ืืื ื”ืืขืฉื ืืืืช” ืฉืขื ืืื ืื ืฉืืื ืืกืคืจ ืฉืืืช ืฉืืื ืกืคืจ “ืืืืืช ืืืืืืื ืืื ”ื.
ืืขืคื”ื ืืืืืจ ืืืืข ื ืืชืื ืืืชืช ืืืกืฃ ืืกืืฃ ืืืืฉ ืืจืืฉืืช [ืืจืืฉืืช ื ’ ื”ื] “ืืืืช ืืืกืฃ ืื ืืื ืืขืฉืจ ืฉื ืื ืืื'”, ืื ืืชืื ืขืื ืคืขื ืืกืคืจ ืฉืืืช [ืฉืืืช ื’ ื’] “ืืืืช ืืืกืฃ ืืื ืืืื ืืื'”. ืืืืื ื ืืืืื ืืืืกืฃ ืืื ืื ืื ืชืืจืช ืื ืข”ื ื ืืชืื ืืืชืชื ืืืจืืฉืืช ืืชืืจืช “ืืขืฉื ืืืืช” ืืืกืคืจ ืฉืืืช ื ืืชืื ืืืชืชื ืืฉืื ืฉืืื ืื ืื ืชืืจืช “ืื” ืืืื ืกืื”ืก ืืื ืืื ืื ืืฉืืืื ืืข”ื ืืืชืชื ืฉืืืืช ื”ื ืืกืคืจ ืฉืืืช.
ืืืืืื ืืืืืจ ืื ืื ืืืืข ืจืง ืืืชืช ืืืกืฃ ื ืืชืื ืืกืคืจ ืืจืืฉืืช ืืืืชืช ืฉืืจ ืืฉืืืื ืื ื ืืชืื ืฉื, ืืืืื ื ืื ืืืกืฃ ืืื ืื ืื ืชืืจืช ืื ืืืืฉ”ื .
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ื. ืืชื ื”ืืขืืง ืืืจ” ืืคืชืืื ืืกืคืจ ืฉืืืช ืืจืืื ื ืืื”ื ืืกืืฃ ืกืคืจื ืงืจื ืืกืคืจ ืฉืืืช “ืืืืฉ ืฉื ื” ืืื ืืฉืืจ ืืืืืฉืื, ืืืื”ื ืืื ื ืฉื ืืช ืืืฉืช ืืืืืฉืื: ืกืคืจ ืืจืืฉืืช, ืืืืืฉ ืฉื ื, ืืกืคืจ ืืื ืื, ืืืืืฉ ืืคืงืืืื, ืืืฉื ื ืชืืจื. ืืืงืฉื ืฉื ื”ืืขืืง ืืืจ” ืืืืข ืฉืื ื ืืื”ื ืืงืจืืช ืืกืคืจ ืฉืืืช “ืืืืฉ ืฉื ื” ืืคื ืื ืืื ื, ืืื ืื ืืงืจืืช ืืืืื ืืืืฉ ืจืืฉืื, ืืืืฉ ืฉื ื, ืืืืฉ ืฉืืืฉื.
ืืืชื ืฉื ืืืืฉื ืื”ื ” ืืื ืื ืืืืื ื ืืื ืืกืคืจ ืืืืื ืืื ืฉื ื ืืกืคืจ ืจืืฉืืช ืืืจืืื, ืื ืืื ืืืง ืฉื ื ืืื ืืกืคืจ, ืืืื ื, ืื ื ืืืจ ืกืืจ ืืืจืืื. ืืืืืืจื ื”ื: “‘ืืจืืฉืืช’ย ืืฉืืื ืืฉืจืื ืฉื ืงืจืื ืจืืฉืืช”. ืคืืจืืฉ, ืชืืืืช ืืขืืื ืืืื. ืืื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืืช, “ืืืง ื’ ืขืื” [ืืืจืื ืื ื]. ืืื ืื ื ืฉืื ืขื ืฉืืฆืื ืืฉืจืื ืืืฆืจืื ืืืื ืืชืืืืชื ืฉืืืื ืจืืืื ืืืืืช ืืืืจ ืืืื, ืืืขืืืื ืขื ืืืืขืช ืืืื ืขืืื, ืืืื ืฉืืืืจื ื ืืืืฃ ืืกืคืจ ื”ื ื ”ื, ืขื ืืคืกืืง “ืืฆืื ืื ื ืืฉืจืื ืขื ืฆืืืืชื”.
ืืืื ืชืืืืช ืืืจืืื ืฉื ืืจื ืืืืืื ืืชืืจื, ืืื ืฉืืชืื: “ืื ืื ืงืจื ืืฉืื ืืืืืืื, ืืจืืชืื ืืื'” [ืืฉืขืืื ืื ื], ืืื ืฉืืชืืชื ืืกืคืจ ืืืืืจ ืคืจืฉืช ืฉืื ืขื ืืคืกืืง “ืืืืื ืื ืื ื, ืืืืื ืืืื ื’ ืืื'” [ืืืืืจ ืื ืื].
ื ืืฆื ืืืฆืืืช ืืฆืจืื ืืื ืืืจ ืืืจืืื, ืื ืืชื ืชืืจื, ืืืืืืจ ืขืื ืืจืื [ืืจืืฉืืช ืจืื ื]: “‘ืืจืืฉืืช’ ืืืืืช ืืชืืจื ืฉื ืงืจืืช ืจืืฉืืช”, ืืืืื ื ืืืืืชื ืืขืืืืช ืืืืืื [ื’ ื’] “‘ืืืื ืขืจื ืืืื ืืงืจ ืืื ืืฉืฉื’ [ืืจืืฉืืช ื ืื] – ืืืื ืฉืืชื ื ืืงื”ื ืขื ืืขืฉื ืืจืืฉืืช: ืื ืืงืืืื ืืฉืจืื ืืช ืืชืืจื ืืืื, ืืื ืืื ืื ื ืืืืืจ ืืชืื ืืชืืื ืืืืื”. ื ืืฆื ืืืชื ืชืืจื ืืื ืืืจ ืืืจืืื, ืืืืื ื ืื ืืืฆืืืช ืืฆืจืื, ืฉืื ืืื ืจืืืืื ืืฉืจืื ืืงืื ืืชืืจื ืืืืฉืืื ืืืจืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืชืืืืช ืืฆืืจืชื ืืื’. ื ืืฆื ืืกืคืจ ืฉืืืช ืืื ืกืคืจ ืฉื ื ืืืจืืฉืื, ืืื ืฉืืื ืขื ืื ืืื ืืื ืฉื ื ืืืงืื ืฉื ืกืคืจ ืืืจืืื ืขื”ื”.
ืื ืจืื ืืืืจ ืืืจื ืืื”ื ืขืค”ื ืืจืื ืฉื ื”ืืขืืง ืืืจ” ืืืืคื ืืืจ ืงืฆืช ืืืื ืขื ืคื ืืฉ”ื ื”ืฉืคืช ืืืช” ืืืื ืืงืืืืช ืืกืคืจื ืืืืฆืืืช ืืฆืจืื ื ืชืืื ืื ืืืข ืืื ืืขืืื ืืืืฉ ืฉืืงื”ื ืืจื ืืช ืืขืืื, ืืฉืืื ืฉืืื ืขื ืื ืืขืืื, ืืฉืืื ืื ืืื ืืช ืืขืืื ืืืื ืืืฉืืื ืชืืืืืช. ืื”ื ืืค’ ืืฉืื [ืชืจื”ื] “ืื ืืขืช ืืืจืืื ื ืกืชืจ ืืฉืืืชื ืืชืณ ืืขืืื. ืืืขืช ืืืืืช ืืฆืจืื ื ืชืืื. ืืืดืฉ ื ืชืืืฉื ืืกืื ืฉื ืชืืืฉื ืืืืขืช ืืฉืืืชื ืืชืืจื ืื ืืจืืื. ืืืื ืืณ “ืื ืื ืืณ ืืื’ ืืฉืจ ืืฉืจ ืืืฆืืชืื”.ืืื ืืฉืจ ืืจืืชืื. ืื ืืืฆืืืช ืืฆืจืื ื ืชืืื ืืืื ืชื ืืชืืจื ืขื”ื”.
ืืืคื ืื ืืค”ื ืืืฉืื ืืื ื ืงืจื ืกืคืจ ืฉืืืช “ืกืคืจ ืฉื ื” ืืฉืื ืฉืืื ืืฉืืื ืืกืคืจ ืืืจืืื, ืื ืจืง ืืืฆืืืช ืืฆืจืื ื ืชืืื ืืื ืืขืืื ืฉืืงื”ื ืืื ืฉืืจื ืืช ืืขืืื ืื ืืืขื ืืฉืืืชื ืืขืืื, ืืื ืืจื ืชืืืืช ืืืจืืื ืฉืชืชืืื ืืืืืช ืืงื”ื ืืขืืื ืืื ืฉืืช’ “ืื ืื ืงืจื ืืฉืื ืืืืืืื, ืืจืืชืื ืืื'” [ืืฉืขืืื ืื ื].
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ื. ืฉืืืช ืคืจืง ื’ ืคืกืืง ื’ “ืืืืืจ ืืฉื ืื ื’ ืืื’ ืื ืืื ืคื ืืืื ืืฉืื ืื ืื”
ืขืืื ืืืจืฉืืช ืืจ”ื [ืืจืืฉ ืืฉืืืฉื] ืฉืืงืฉื ืฉื ืืืืข ืืื ืืจืข”ื ืืื ืคื ืืืื ืืฉืื ืืื ื ืืื ืฆืจืื ืืืืืช ืฉืื ืืื ืืื ื ืฉืืืืืช ืืืคืจื ืืืืืืจื ืฉืืื ืขืืงืจ ืขื ืืื ื ืฉื ืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืช ืืืจื ืืงื”ื ืืืชืจืฅ ืฉื ืืืงื”ื ืขืฉื ืฉืืืื ืืฉื ืจืืื ื ืืื ืคื ืืืื ืืฉืื, ืืืื ืฉืื ืืืืจื ืืืจืืช ืืืืื ื”ื ืฉืืื ืืฉืจืื ืงืืืื ืืช ืืืจื ืืจืข”ื ืืืืช ืฉืืืืืจื ืืื ืืื ืืืคื ืืขื”ื ืืฆืืื ืืคืชืืชื ืืฆืืืช ืืฉืื ื.
ืืื ื ืืื’ ืงืฉื ืืื ืืืชื ืชืืจื ื ืชืจืคื ืืจืข”ื ืืื ืื ืฉืืจ ืขื ืืฉืจืื, ืื”ื ืืืชื ืืืืจื ืฉืืืืจ ืืชื ืชืืจื ืงืืืื ืืืจืื ืืืืช ืฆืืืช ืืฉืื ื.
ืืื ื ื ืจืื ืืืืจ ืืคืฉืืืืช ืืื ืืืฉืฉ ืฉืืืืจื ืืื ืจืง ืืื ืฉื ืืืข ืืืกืืืืช ืืืืื ื ืฉืืื ืฆืจืื ืฉืืืื ืช ืืฉืจืื ืชืงืืข ืืืืื ืจืง ืืืืช ืขืฆื ืืืืจืื ืืื ืืฆื ืฉืื ืืฉืคืขื ืืืฆืื ืืช ืฉื ืฆืืืช ืืืืคื ืืืืืืจ, ืืืจื ืืช ืืกืืืืช ืืืืื ื ืื ืืื ืืฉื ืจืืื ื ืืืื ืืฉืจืื ืงืืื ืืชื ืชืืจื. ืืื ื ืืืจ ืืชื ืชืืจื ืฉืื ืืืื ืืฉื ืจืืื ื ืืช ืืชืืจื ืขืฆืื ืืืืืจ ืืื ืืช ืืืฆืืืช ืืืืืืืช, ืืื ืืืจืื ย ืฆืจืื ืฉืืืื ืืขื ืืืืืจ ืฆื ืืืคื ืฉืืืืื ืืื ืืฉืจืื ืืืืื ืืช ืขืืืง ืืืจื ืืชืืจื ืืืืืืชืื.
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โซโชParshaโฌโฌ โซโชPreview
Harav Hagaon Moshe Ahron Friedman Shlita
New Sefer, New Commitments
Parashas Shemos
Harav Hagaon Moshe Aharon Friedman Shlita
Parashas Shemos is also the beginning of Sefer Shemos. Every one of the five Chumashim has another name: the Ramban writes that Sefer Bereishis is called Sefer Hayetzirah, Sefer Shemos is Sefer Hasheini, Sefer Vayikra is Toras Kohanim, Sefer Bamidbar is Chumash Hapekudim, and then thereโs Mishneh Torah. Four of these names seem appropriate, but the title Sefer Hasheini for Shemos seems to be minimizing the importance of this sefer and making it sound like just the second sefer.
Perhaps we can suggest that itโs not merely the second sefer, but rather the second Sefer Hayetzirah: Sefer Bereishis is Sefer Hayetzirah and Shemos is Sefer Hayetzirah Hasheini. There are two Chumashim that are yetziros, and then thereโs Toras Kohanim, Chumash Hapedukim and โMishnah Torah.
Bereishis is the Sefer Hayetzirah of Sheishes Yemei Bereishis, and thereโs a second Sefer Hayetzirah, because thereโs another creation. If Bereishis is about the creation of heaven and earth, Shemos โ whose letters can be rearranged as an acronym forืชืืืืช ืืขืฉื ืฉืืื ืืืจืฅ โ is about the purpose of that creation. Sefer Bereishis is the Sefer Hazriyah, the sefer of the maaseh avos, while Shemos is the Sefer Hatzmichah, the Sefer Hageulah, the sefer of the siman labanim. In Shemos we go ืื ืืื ืื ืืคืืขื.
Sefer Shemos begins with a vav โ ืึฐืึตืึผึถื ืฉืึฐืืึนืช โ and that vav indicates that it is connected to Sefer Bereishis and is a continuation of it.
Bereishis Rabbah teaches that the five mentions of the word ohr in the account of Creation in Parashas Bereishis correspond to the five Chumashim. The first two of those mentions are in the passuk: ืึทืึผึนืืึถืจ ืึฑืึนืงึดืื ืึฐืึดื ืืึนืจ ืึทืึฐืึดื ืืึนืจ, corresponding to Sefer Bereishis and Sefer Shemos. In Bereishis, Hashem said there should be a yetzirah of light, and in Shemos that potential was brought into reality.
Sefer Bereishis talks about the stars and Sefer Shemos also talks about stars โ Klal Yisrael, who are compared to stars. Every Jew is a star; each one has his own name and his own koach. Right at the onset of Sefer Shemos, when the Torah begins to describe this yetzirah, it has to give names. It lists the names of the shevatim, and then gives the names that relate to Moshe Rabbeinu, because heโs moshian shel Yisrael. Later in the parashah is the Name of Hakadosh Baruch Hu โ ืึถื ืฉึผืึฐืึดื ืึฐืขึนืึธื ืึฐืึถื ืึดืึฐืจึดื ืึฐืึนืจ ืึผึนืจ, the Name of ื-ื-ื-ื, the revelation of kevod Shomayim.
Jumpstart Shnayim Mikra
Itโs probably not a coincidence that this week in Daf Yomi, at the beginning of the week, we learned the Gemara (Brachos 8) about learning shnayim mikra veโechad Targum, and that one who learns that merits long life:
ืืขืืื ืืฉืืื ืืื ืคืจืฉืืืชืื ืขื ืืฆืืืจ ืฉื ืื ืืงืจื ืืืื ืชืจืืื ืืืคืืื ืขืืจืืช ืืืืื, ืฉืื ืืืฉืืื ืคืจืฉืืืชืื ืขื ืืฆืืืจ ืืืจืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืฉื ืืชืื.
The Levush notes that the wordsืึฐืึตืึผึถื ืฉืึฐืืึนืช ย hint to the concept of shnayim mikra veโechad Targum: ื’ืืืื ื’ืื ื’ืงืจืืช ื’ืคืจืฉื, ืฉ’ื ืื ื’ืงืจื ื’ืืื ืช’ืจืืื. The Baal Haturim offers a similar, but lengthier remez, explaining that the letters ืึฐืึตืึผึถื ืฉืึฐืืึนืช ืึผึฐื ึตื ืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตื are an acronym for: ื’ืืื ื’ืฉืจ ื’ืืื ื’ืกืืจ ืฉ’ื ืื ื’ืงืจื ื’ืืื ืช’ืจืืื ื’ืงืื ื ’ืขืื ื’ืฉืืจ ื’ืืื ืฉ’ื ืื ืจ’ืืืช ื’ืจืืืื ื’ืขืืื.
Shnayim mikra veโechad Targum is a chiyuv, as the Mechaber rules, although thereโs a disagreement over whether the obligation is dโOraisa or dโRabbanan.
Interestingly, the Tur (285) says: ืืฆืจืื ืืืืืจ ืืืฉืืื ืืคืจืฉื ืขื ืืฆืืืืจ โ one should be careful to do shnayim mikra veโechad Targum โ he doesnโt say โchayav.โ Itโs possible that the Tur, who is the Baal Haturim, is going leshitaso, as his remez in the Baal Haturim doesnโt say that a person is obligated to do this, but rather that one who does will live a long life, as the Gemara promises.
Either way, why is the remez of shnayim mikra veโechad Targum found specifically here, at the beginning of Shemos? The words ืึฐืึตืึผึถื ืฉืึฐืืึนืช ืึผึฐื ึตื ืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตื already appear in Parashas Vayigash! Perhaps itโs because now weโre starting a new sefer, so we give a chance for anyone who might have fallen behind in shnayim mikra to muster the strength to start again. (Whether to first be mashlim the parshiyos one missed or to start fresh from Sefer Shemos is a different question.)
The Zohar notes that the word ืึฐืึตืึผึถื equals 42 in gematria, and thatโs also a Name of Hakadosh Baruch Hu that is 42 letters long. Later in the parashah we find the Nameืึถืึฐืึถื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึถืึฐืึถื , and each ืึถืึฐืึถื equals 21, so twice ืึถืึฐืึถื is 42. And 42 is also the gematria of ืึผึธื, as in. Tosafos writes, at the beginning of the second perek of Chagigah, that thereโs a Name of ืึฐืึดืึผึทืจึฐืชึผึธ ืึผึธื of the 42 letters that are in the tefillah of Ana Bekoach โ itโs the 42 letters that appear in the Torah from the first beis of Bereishis until the veis of ืชึนืืึผ ืึธืึนืืึผ.
Shovavim Begins
The sefarim teach that now, in Shemos, we start the days of Shovavim. The concept of Shovavim is not found in the Gemara or the Rishonim; it emerged only later, but the Arizal and many sefarim explain that specifically as we approach the generation of ikvesa dโMeshichah this additional chizuk was deemed necessary.
We have already been through โืืจืื,โ which stands for Elul, Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur and Hoshana Rabbah. The last passuk in Vayechi is ืึทืึผึธืึธืช ืืึนืกึตืฃ, and the Midrash teaches that Yosef passed away on Hoshana Rabbah, which is the culmination of Elul, Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur. But now we need more:ืึฐืึตืึผึถื ืฉืึฐืืึนืช ย โ we have another 42 days of Shovavim, parallel to the gematria of ืึฐืึตืึผึถื.
At the beginning of Parashas Shemos, the Torah again says ืึทืึผึธืึธืช ืืึนืกึตืฃ, implying that Yosef passed away a second time. In Sefer Bereishis, he was niftar as an av. We said that Sefer Bereishis is the sefer of the Avos, and Yosef was considered an av, to some extent, as the passuk describes him with the words: ืึดืฉึผืึธื ืจึนืขึถื ืึถืึถื ืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตื, the word ืึถืึถื being a combination of av and ben. Yosef was supposed to have 12 shevatim; in practice he actually had only two, but he is still an av of shevatim.
Besides being an av, Yosef is also a shevet; ืืื ืงืืจืื ืืืืืช ืืื ืฉืืฉื, there are three Avos only and Yosef is not a full-fledged av. Therefore, Yosefโs petirah is recorded in Sefer Shemos again.
The ืึทืึผึธืึธืช ืืึนืกึตืฃ happened on Hoshana Rabbah, and now weโre starting a process of the 42 days of Shovavim, as alluded to in the word ืึฐืึตืึผึถื. If you count both the days and nights of these days, you get 84, which evokes the concept of ืค”ื ืชืขื ืืืช and also the idea of a daf Gemara โ the word daf equaling 84 in gematria. One area that a person should be mechazek in now, as we start Sefer Shemos, is limud haTorah โ whether itโs Torah Shebichsav or Torah Shebeโal Peh.
The Zohar actually sees the description in this parashah of the shibud โืึทืึฐืึธืจึฐืจืึผ ืึถืช ืึทืึผึตืืึถื ืึผึทืขึฒืึนืึธื ืงึธืฉืึธื ืึผึฐืึนืึถืจ ืึผืึดืึฐืึตื ึดืื ืึผืึฐืึธื ืขึฒืึนืึธื ืึผึทืฉึผืึธืึถื โ as a reference to limud haTorah:
ืืืืจืจื ืืช ืืืืื ืืขืืืื ืงืฉื ืื ืงืืฉืื ืืืืจ ืื ืงื ืืืืืจ ืืืืื ืื ืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืขืืืื ืืฉืื ืื ืืจืืืชื, ืืช ืื ืขืืืืชื ืืฉืจ ืขืืื ืืื ืืคืจื ืื ืชืืง”ื.
Every person has to go through ameilus in his life and suffer and shvitz through something. But a person can choose ameilus baTorah in place of yissurim, exchanging yissurei haguf and yissurei hanefesh for the struggles of toiling in Torah: ืึทืฉืึฐืจึตื ืึทืึผึถืึถืจ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืชึผึฐืึทืกึผึฐืจึถื ึผืึผ ืึผึธ-ืึผ ืึผืึดืชึผืึนืจึธืชึฐืึธ ืชึฐืึทืึผึฐืึถื ึผืึผ. And those yissurim of limud haTorah can bring about that this becomes the Sefer Hageulah, bโezras Hashem.