ืืืจื ืจืืืชืื ื
Maran Hamashgiach Hagaon Harav Chaim Zev Finkel, ztโl
ืืืชืงืืฉืชื ืืืืืชื ืงืืฉืื ืืื’ ืืื ืชืืืื ืืช ื ืคืฉืืชืืื (ืื, ืื)
ืืื ืืงืืฉ ืขืฆืื ืืขื ืืงืืฉืื ืืืชื ืืจืื, ืืืืื ืืงืืฉืื ืืืชื ืืืืขืื, ืืขืืื ืืื ืืงืืฉืื ืืืชื ืืขืืื ืืื (ืืืื ืืฃ ื”ื ืข”ื).
ืขื ืื ืช ืืืืื ืืขื ืืื ืืืฉืื ืืงืืืฉื, ืจืืื ืืืชืืื ื ืืืืจืื ืฉืืชื ืืจื ืืืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืจื ืืืื ืืื ืคืื ืงื ืืฆืืื”ื ืืืืชืื. ืืืฉืื ื ืืืืืืืืช ืืื ืคืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืืืจ ืงืืืฉื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืจืื ืงื ืืื ื ืืืฉืืชื:
ืืฉืจืื ืงืืืฉืื ืื! ืืื ืฉืื ืขืืืืช, ืื ืจืง ืื ืืจืื, ืื ืจืง ืื ืืืืื ืืช ืขืฆืื, ืงืืืฉืื ืื.
ื ืฆืืืืื ื ืืชืืจื ืืืชืงืืฉืชื ืืืืืชื ืงืืืฉืื, ืืืื? ืืื ืฉืื ืชืืืื ืืช ื ืคืฉืืชืืื. ืื ืืืื ืืื ื ื ืืื, ืื ืื ืืืื ืืช ืขืฆืื, ืืจื ืืื ืงืืืฉ. ืื ืืจืืื ืืื ืืื – ืขืืื ืืฉ ืืื!
ืื ืขื ืืืจ ืืืื ืื ืขื ืืขื ืืืื, ืฉืืื ืื ืฉืื ืฉืืืืืช ืขื ืงืืืฉื, ืขื ืืืื, ืืืฉืจ ืืืื ืืืืจ ืืืงืืืฉ ืืืชื, ืืจื ืื ืงืืืฉ ืืื, ืืืกืืืชื ืืืจืฆืื ื ืืืื ืืื ืฆืืื ืืืขืืื, ืืื ืงื ืืืื! ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืจ ืื ืืช ืืงืืืฉื ืืจื ืืื ืืขื ืืงืืืฉืช ื’ ืืืืื ืืืืื ืงืจืื ืืฉื.
– ืขื ืขืฆืื ืื ืื ืฉืื.
ืืขืื ืืืชืจ ืืฉ ืืืขืืช ืืืื, ืื ืืืื ืืงืืฉ ืืช ืขืฆืื ืืขื, ืืงืืฉืื ืืืชื ืืจืื, ืืงืืฉ ืืช ืขืฆืื ืืืืื – ืืงืืฉืื ืืืชื ืืืืขืื.
ืืืื ืืื ืืืกืืฃ ืืืงืืฉ ืืช ืขืฆืื?
ืืื ืืกืืื ืืงืืื ืืืื ืฉืืืืื ืืช ืืจืืื. ืืื ืืขืฉื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืงืื ืขื ืขืฆืื, ืืื ืจืฆืื ืืืฉืืชื ืืขืืืช ืืืืชืงืืฉ, ืืื ืืืืขืื ืขืืืจืื ืื ืืืงืืฉืื ืืืชื ืืืจืื. ืืืื ืืื ืฉืงืืืฉ ืืืืจ ืื.
ืื ืืจื ืืฉืื ืืฉืืื ืืืื ืื ืจืง ืงืืืฉืช ืืขืื ืืืื ืื ืืืจ ืืืื, ืืื ืืช ืงืืืฉืช ืขืฆืื – ืงืืืฉืชื ืืจืื ืืืขืืืื ื.
(ืืชืื ‘ืืืื ืืกืืืืืงื’ ืขื’ 324)
ืืืจื ืืืืื
Maran Hamashgiach Hagaon Harav Yechezkel Levinshtein, ztโl
ืืจืื ืฉื ืืืฆืจ ืืืืืืจ ืืืื ืืช ืืืืฉืืชืื
ืขื ืืคืกืืง ืืคืจืฉื “ืืืืืจ ืืฉื ืื ืืืจื ืงืจื ืื ืืืืื” (ื,ื) ืืคืจืฉ ืจืฉ”ื ืืืื ืชืืจืช ืืื ืื: ืฉืืื ืืืจื ืืืฉ ืืืจื ืืืฉืช ืืืจ ืื ืืฉื ืืื ืืชื ืืืฉ ืืื ื ืืืจืช. ืืืื”ื ืืืืืจ ืฉื ืจืื ืื ืืืืื ืืชืื ืืช ืฉืืจ ืืืื ื ืืืจ ืืืจื ืืืื ืืขืื ืืืจื ืืืชืงืจื ืืืื.
ืืกืคืจ ‘ืืืืจื ืฉืืฉ’ โ ืฉืืืืชืื ืฉื ืืจื ืืืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืจื ืืืืงืื ืืืื ืฉืืืื ืืฆืืื”ื ืืคื ื ืื ื ืืืฉืืื ืืชืงืืคืช ืืฉืืื, ืืืืคืกืช ืฉืืืชื ืฉื ืืจื ืืืฉืืื ืืฉืืืข ืคืจืฉืช ืฉืืื ื ืืืขืื ืื ืืืช ืืืช ืืืืจืฉ ืืืืฉ ืฉื ืืืฉืืื ืืืื ืฉืืืชื ืืงืืื ืฉืืืคื:
ืื ื ืืจืฉ”ื ืืชื ืฉืืื ืืืจื ืืืฉ ืืืงืจื ืื ืืืืื, ืืืืจื ืื”ื ืฉืืชืื ืืช ืฉืืจ ื ืืื ืื. ืื ืืจืื ืฉื ืืฆืจ ืืจืข, ืืืืืืจ ืืืื ืืช ืืืืฉืืชืื ืืืขืฉืื ืืจืขืื ืืืขืืจ, ืืื ืืื ืขื ืืืฉืื ืืืืชืงืจื ืื ื’.
ืืขืฆื ืืืขืืฆื ืืืขื ืชืฉืืื ืืื ืื ืชืง ืืช ืขืฆืื ืืื ืขืืจื ืืืฆืืืจ ืื ืคืฉื ืืืืื ืืื ืืงืื ืฉื ืืื, ืืจืง ืืืืจ ืขืืืืชื ืืขืืืื ืืืฉืจ ืืจืื ืืืจ ืงืืืขื ืืืืจืืืช ืืฆืื, ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืฉืื ืขื ืขืืจื ืืืฉืื ืขืืื ืืชืฉืืื.
ืืื ืืขืช, ืืืจ ืืจื ืืืฉืืื ืจืื ืืืืงืื ืืฆ”ื, ืืืฆืจ ืืจืข ืื ืกื ืืืืืืฉ ืืืชื ื, ืืื ืืืขื ืืช ืืืฆื ื ืืื ืืืืื ืก ืืกืืจื ืืืฉืืื, ืืืืจ ืฉืืืขืืช ืืืืืฉืื ืฉื ืืืืืืช ืื ืืืืื ืืืฉืจ ืืชืืืืื ื ืืื ืืืืืฉื, ืืืื ื ืืื ืขืืฉืื ืืฉืื ืืืืืื ืืืฉืืื ืืืจื ืฉืืื ืืืืฉืื ืื ืืชืงืืืื ืกืืจื ืืืฉืืื. ืืื ืื ืื ืืืืจ! ืืืื ืขืฆืช ืืืฆืจ! ืื ื ืฆืจืืืื ืืืชืืืฅ ืืื ืืืืืชืื ื ืืืืชื ืชืง ืืืขืืจ, ืืืืชืืื ืืืืฉ ืืฉืืช ืืช ืขืื ืืชืืจื ืืืขืืืื.
ืืฉืืืื ืืืื
Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shpitzer Shlita
ืฉืืื ื
ืกืคืื ื ืืงืื
ืื ืชืืืืืื. ืืืื ืืืืฃ ืืื’ ืืืืืช ืืืกืืจ ืกืคืื ื ืืืกืืจ ืืงืื ืื”ืช. ืื ืืืงื ืื ืืกืืจ ืืืืืื ืื ืืืกืืจ ืืจืื ื ืืืจืื”ื ืืฉื”ืข ืืืกืจืื ืืืจืฉื”ื ืืชืืจ, ืืจืข”ื ืืืืื. ืืืืงืื ืืฆืืจื ืืงืืื ืืืืจืื ืื.
ืืื ื ืืฉืืข ืืืืจื ืืืืจืื ืื ืืื ืืื ื ืืืชืจ ืกืคืื ื ืืืืกืืจ ืืจืื ื ืืืจืฉื”ื, ืืืฉ ืืืขืืจ ืื ืื ืืืืืจื ืืืชืืจ ืื ืืืกืืจ ืฉืืืชืช ืื ื ืืืืกืืจ ืืจืื ื. ืืืฃ ืืืืืจื ืืืจื ืืืืจืง ืืืจืืืืช ืืจืื ื ื”ื ืืืืื ื ืืืงื ืืืืจ ืฉืืื ื ืื ื ืืื ืืื ื ืื ืื ืืืชืืจ. ืืืื’ ื”ื ืืื ื ืื ืืง”ื ืืื ืืื ื”ื ืืฆืืืื ืืืคืจืืฉื ืืืืืจ ืืคืืื ืืขืืฉื ืข”ื ืขืฆืื ื”ื ืืืชืจ ืืืืกืืจ ืืจืื ื ื”ืฉ ืืื ืฉืืืชืช ืื ื ืืืื ื ืืื ืืขืืฉื ืข”ื ืืืื. ืืื ืืฉ ืืืงืฉืืช ืืืืื ืฉืืช ืฉืื ื ืืืืืจ ืืืชืจ ืืืื ืืืชืืจ ืืฆืื ืืคืืื ืืืกืืจ ืืจืื ื.
ืืืืืช ืื ืืืืืจ ืืืฉืื ืืช ืืขืงื ืื”ื ืงื”ื ืืืืืกืืจ ืืจืื ื ืื ืกืคืื ื ืืฉืืช ืืฃ ืืืื ื ืืกืืจ ืืื ืืชืืจื. ืืข”ืฉ ืฉืืฉืืื ืฉืื ืื ืืืชืจ ืกืคืื ื ืืื ื ืืฉืืช ืืืืกืืจ ืืจืื ื, ืืืฉืื ืื ืฉืืฉ ืืืกืืจ ืืฉืืืชืช ืื ื ืืชืื ืขื ืจืฉ”ื, ืืืืื ืืจืื”ื ืขื”ืช ืืฉืืืชืช ืื ื ืืืชื ืืื ืืฉืืข ืื ืืืฉื ื ืฉืืืจื ืฉืฉืืืชืชื ืขืืื ืืืื ืืฉืื ืฉืืืชืช ืื ื ืืืืืง ืื ืื ืืื ืืืืจื ืืืจืืืชื ืื ืืื ืชืืืฉ ืืืืจืง ืืื ืืืจื ืื ืืื ืืืื ืืช ืืืคืชื ืืื ืืกืืจ ืืฉืื ืฉืืืชืช ืื ื ืืืื ืฉืืื ืืฆืืจื ืืืื.
ืืืื ื ืจืื ืืืจืฉื”ื ืืืืช ืืืืืจ ืืื ืฉืืืชืช ืื ื ืืืชืจ ืืืืกืืจ ืืจืื ื, ืืืื ืืื ืฉืืงืฉื ืืฉืืช ืงื”ื ืข”ื ืืงืฉื ืื”ื ืฉืืขืช ืืื ื ืงืื ืืืื ื ืืืืืช ื”ื ืืฆืืืื ืืืคืจืืฉื. ืื”ืช ืืื ืืจ”ืฉ ืืฉืืฆื”ื ืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืกืืจ ืืจืื ื ืืืชื ืืืืืืช ืืค’ ืืจืฉ ืืืจืื ื ืืืื”ืข ืืืืกืืจ ืืจืื ื ืืื ื”ื ืืฆืืืื ืืืคืจืืฉื ืืื’ ืขื”ื. ืืื ืืงืฉื ืืชืืก’ ืฉื ืืฉืืช ืืืจืฉื”ื ืืืืืืช. ืืืื’ ืงืฉื ืื ืืงืฉื ืืจืฉื”ื ื ืืื ืืืฃ ืืืชืืจื ืืขืื ืืืื ื”ื ืืฆืืืื ืืืคืจืืฉื ืืชืืืฉ ืืขืฆืืฅ ืฉืืื ื ื ืงืื ืื ืืืจืง ืืืจืืืืช ืืจืื ื ืืืื ืืืื ื ืืืงื ืืื ืชืื ืืง ืืื ืืื ืืืืืง ืืืืจื ืื”ื ืืฆืืืื ืืืคืจืืฉื ืื ืืงืื ืืืฉื ื ืืงืื ืืื ืืืืืช ืืื ื ืืืืืกืืจ ืฉืืืชืช ืื ื ืืื ืืืชืจ ืืคืืื ืืืืกืืจ ืืจืื ื. ืืืืืชืจ ืงืฉื ืฉืืจืฉื”ื ืขืฆืื ืืคืจืฉ ืืื”ื ืชื’ ืืืืจื ืืขืืฉื ืข”ื ืืืื ืืืงื ืืื ืืื ื ืื”ื ืืื ืงืฉืื ืืื ืื ื ืคืจืฉ ืื ืื ืืงืืฉืืืช ืืืืจื. ืืข”ื ืืืื ืืืขืช ืืจืฉื”ื ืืืืกืืจ ืืฉืืืชืช ืื ื ืื ืืืืจ ืืืชืจ ืืืืกืืจ ืื ืชืืืืืื, ืืืื ืืืืืง ืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืคื ืืืืกืืจ ืืื ืชืืืืืื ืคืืจืืฉื ืื ืืชื ืืคืื ืื ืืืื ืืื ืชืขืฉื ืืืืื ืืื ืื ืฉืขืืฉื ืข”ื ืืืื, ืืื ืืื ืืืืง ืืื ืืื ืืขื ืื ืืืกืืจ ืืจืื ื.
ืื ืื ืืงื ืื ืืืื
Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Nosson Tzvi Finkel ztโl
“ืืืงืื ืื ื ืืืจื ื ืื ืืืืืืื ืืืฉ ืืืชืชื ืืืชื ื ืืื ืืฉ ืืืฉืืื ืขืืื ืงืืืจืช, ืืืงืจืืื ืืคื ื ื’ ืืฉ ืืจื ืืฉืจ ืื ืฆืืื ืืชื.ย ืืชืฆื ืืฉ ืืืคื ื ื’ ืืชืืื ืืืชื ืืืืืชื ืืคื ื ื'” (ืืืงืจื ื, ื- ื).
“ืชื ืื ืจืื ืืืืขืืจ ืืืืจ ืื ืืชื ืื ื ืืืจื ืขื ืฉืืืจื ืืืื ืืคื ื ืืฉื ืจืื. ืืื ืืจืืฉ, ‘ืื ืชื ื ืื ื ืืืจื ืืืื ืืฉ ืขื ืืืืื’ (ืืืงืจื ื, ื), ืืืจื ืืฃ ืขื ืคื ืฉืืืฉ ืืืจืืช ืื ืืฉืืื ืืฆืื ืืืืื ืื ืืืืืื. ืืชืืืื ืืื ืืื ืื ืืจืื ืืืืขืืจ ืฉืืืจื ืืืื ืืคื ืื, ืืืจ ืจืื ืืืืขืืจ ืืืื ืฉืืื ืืฉืชื, ืชืืื ืื ื ืื ืืืฆืื ืื ืฉื ืชื, ืืื ืืืฆืื ืฉื ืชื. ืืืจื ืื ื ืืื ืืชื, ืืืจ ืื ืื ื ืืื ืื ืื ืืื ืื ื ืืื ืื ืื, ืืื ืื ืืงืืืื ื ืื ืืืืจื ืืืื ืืคื ื ืจืื ืืืื ืืืชื” (ืขืจืืืื ืกื, ื).
ืืืืืจื ืชืืื, ืืืืข ืขืื ืฉื ืฉื ืืืืจื ืืืื ืืคื ื ืจืื ืืืืจ ืื ืื ืขื ืฉื ืชืืืื ืืืชื. ืืฃ ืฉืืืืืื ืืฉ ืืืขืฉื ืื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืจืื, ืืื ืืงืื ื ืจืื ืฉืื”ื ืืืืืจื ืืขื ืืื ืื ืืืืคื ืืืืื. ืขืื ืืฉ ืืืืื, ืืืืข ืื ืืื ืืฉื ืจืืื ื ืขื ืืืืื ืืืื ืฉืื ืืืขื ืฉื ื ืื ืืืืืืื, ืืื ื ืคืกืง ืืืืื ืืฉืืืื ืขืจืื (ืื”ื ืกื’ ืจืื, ืกื”ื) “ืืจื ืืืืืืง ืฉืืื ืขื ืืืืื ืืื’ ืืืืื ืืืื”. ืืื ืืฉ ืืืงืฉืืช ืขื ืจืื ืืืืขืืจ, ืฉืืืข ืืืืจ ืืจืืฉ ืื ืชืืืืื ืฉืืืจื ืืืื ืืคื ืื ืื ืืืฆืื ืืช ืฉื ืชื, ืืืืข ืื ืืื ืขื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืฆืื ืืช ืชืืืืื ืืืืชื. ืืืจ ืื ืงืฉื ืืื, ืฉืืจื ืฉื ืื ื ืืืืจื (ืฉืืช ืงืื, ื) “ืื ืฉืืืืจื ื ืขื ืฉ ืขื ืืื ืืื ืืื ืืกืื ืืืชื ืืืืืฆืชื ืฉื ืืงื”ื”, ืื ืื ืื ืืจืืื ืืื, ืืืืืจื, ืฉืืฉื ืจืืื ื ืืจืื ืืืืขืืจ ืืืืื ืขื ืฉืืืจื ืืืื ืืคื ืืื, ืืื ืืืขื ืฉื ืืื ืขื ืืื.
ืืืืจื ืืืจืื ืืคื ื ืจืื ืืื ื ืืคืืฃ ืืจืื
ืืืืืจ ืืื ืืจื ืจืืฉ ืืืฉืืื ืืืจ”ื ืฉืืืืืืืฅ ืืฆ”ื (ืฉืืืืช ืืืกืจ, ืืืืจ ‘ืืืจื ืืืื ืืคื ื ืจืื’), ืฉืืืืจืช ืืืจื ืืืื ืืคื ื ืจืื, ืืื ื ื ืืคื ื ืืืืื ืืชืืืื ืืืืื ืจืื, ืืื ืฉืืฉ ืืื ืืืืื ืฉืืชืืืื ืืื ื ืืคืืฃ ืืจืื, ืืืฃ ืฉืืืืื ืืฉืื ืืขืื ืื.
ืืกืื ืื ืืืื ืืืืจื ืืืืจื (ืขืจืืืื ืกื, ื- ื): “ืืืจ ืจืื ืืื ืื ืืืืชืื ืืืื [ืืฉืื ืืืจ ืื ืืืจื ืืืื] ืงืืื ืจืืื, ืืืื ืืฉืืื ืืื ืืื, ืฉื ืืืจ (ืืืืืจ ืื, ืื): ‘ืืืขื ืืืืฉืข ืื ื ืื ืืฉืจืช ืืฉื ืืืืืจืื ืืืืืจ ืืืื ื ืืฉื ืืืื’, ืืืชืื (ืืื”ื ื ื, ืื): ‘ื ืื ืื ื ืืืืฉืข ืื ื”. ืืืืื ื, ืฉืืืื ืฉืืืืฉืข ืืืจื ืืืื ืืคื ื ืืฉื ืจืื ื ืขื ืฉ ืฉืื ืืื ืื ืื ืื. ืื ืชืืืจ ืฉืืืกืืจ ืืืจืื ืืคื ื ืจืื ืืื ืืืืช ืืืืืื ืืืืื ืจืื, ืืื ืื ืืืืืจื ืฉื ืืืืฉืข ืืคื ื ืืฉื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืชืื ืืฉืืืืช ืืืื ืจืื, ืืคื ืฉื ืืืจ (ืฉื ืฉื, ืื): “ืืืืืจ ืื ืืฉื ืืืงื ื ืืชื ืื”. ืืืืจื ืืฉ ืืืืจ ืฉืืืืจืช ืืืกืืจ ืื ืืื ืืฉืื ืฉืืืืจืืชื ืืคื ื ืจืื ืืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ื ืืคืืฃ ืืจืื, ืืืื ืืกืืจ ืืื ืื ืื ืืืจืื ืื ื ืขืฉืชื ืขื ืขื ืื ืืืื ืจืื, ืืขืื ืฉื ืืืืจ ืืืืชืจ.
ืืขืืช ืืฉืจืื ืฉืชืืืืื ืืืงื ืืื
ืขื ืืื ืื ืฉื ืืืคืืคืืช ืืืืื ืืชืืจื ืืื ืกืื ืืืขืืชื ืฉื ืืฉืจืื.
ืืืชื ืืืืจืฉ (ืืืงืจ”ืจ ืื, ื): “‘ืืืืงื ื ืืฉืจืื’ (ืืืงืจื ื, ื), ืืืจ ืจืื ืขืงืืื ื ืืฉืื ืืฉืจืื ืืขืืฃ, ืื ืืขืืฃ ืืื ืืื ื ืคืืจื ืืื ืื ืคืื, ืื ืืฉืจืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืขืฉืืช ืืืจ ืืืฅ ืืืงื ืืื”. ืืืืืจ ืืืืจื ืืืืจืฉ, ืฉืืื ืืฉืจืื ืฉืื ืื ืืืืืืช ืืขืืื ืืขื ืื ืื, ืฉืืขืื ืฉืืืืืช ืืขืืื ืขืืฉืืช ืืื ืืขืืื ืขื ืจืืื ืืืื ืืืชืืืขืฅ ืื ืืื ืืืฉืืื, ืขื ืืฉืจืื ืืื ื ืืืืืื ืืขืฉืืช ืืืืื ืืื ืฉืื ืืชืืืขืฆืื ืชืืืื ืขื ืืงื ืืื.
ืขืื ืืืื ื ืืืืจื ืืืืจืฉ (ืฉื) ืืช ืืืฉืืืืช ืืืืืืืช ืฉื ืืงื ื ืืืืจ ืืขื ืืฉืจืื: “ืืืจ ืจืื ืืืกื ืืจ ืืืคืชื ืืืืื ืืงื ื, ืื ืืงื ืื ืื ืืืืืื ืื, ืื ื ืขืจืื ืื ื ืืคืื ืืื ืืืืืช. ืืชื ื ืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืื ืืืืื, ืื ืืืงืื ืืื ืืื ืืฉื ื ืืงืืืืช ืืฆืื ื ืฉืืืง ืืงื”ื ืืืื ืืืงื ืื, ืืื ืืืื ืืงืืืืช. ืืกื ื ืืื’, ืืืฆืจืื ืืื’, ืืกืื ื ืืื’, ืืืืืจ ืืื’, ืืฃ ืืขืชืื ืืื ืืงื”ื ืืืืง ืืืื ืืืงื ืื, ืืื ืืื ืืืชืื (ืืฉืขืื ืื, ืื): ‘ืืืคืจื ืืืื ื ืืืืฉื ืืืื, ืื ืื ืืงื ืื ืืืื”. ืืืืืืจ, ืฉืืืฉื ืื ืืืืจืืช ืืฉืืืืช ืืงื ื ืืืืจ ืืืืชื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืฉืื ืื ืชืืื ืืืง ืืื ืืงื”ื ืืืื.
ืืชืืืืืช ืืืืืื ืืืืจ ืืกืื ืงืืืื ืฉื ืืื ืืฉืจืื
ืืืื ื ืืืื ืฉืืืกืื ืืืฉืืจืฉ ืืงืืืื ืฉื ืืื ืืฉืจืื ืืื ืืงื ื ืืืืจ ืืืืื ืืชืืจื. ืืืืื ื ืืื ืฉืขื ืืฉืจืื ืืืื ืง ืืช ืืืื ืืืืงื ืื ืชืืื ืืืืืช ืืคืืคืืชื ืืืชืืืืืชื ืืืืื. ืื ืืืืื ืืื ื ื ืืืืืื ืืช ืืขืชื ื ืืืคื ืืืงื ืื, ืืื ืืืื ื. ืื ืื ืชืง ืืงืฉืจ ืืื ืืื ืืฉืจืื ืืืืื ืืชืืจื, ืืื ื ืขืฉื ืืจืืข ืืืชืจ ืืืืืืช ืืขืืื.
ืืืขื ืื ืืืืืจื ืื ืื ืืืื ืืืืจื ืืืื ืืคื ื ืจืื, ืืคื ื ืฉืขื ืืื ืขื ืืฉืจืื ืืืื ืืช ืืืื ืืืช ืืืืช ืงืืืื. ืืคืืื ืื ืืื ืืฉื ืจืืื ื ืืจืื ืืืืขืืจ ืืืืื ืืชืืืืืืื ืขื ืืืืื, ืืฉืื ืฉืื ืงืืื ืขื ืืฉืจืื ืชืืื ืืื. ืืื ืื ืืืื, ืืื ืืฃ ืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืขื ืืืืื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืข ืืื ืืืขื ืฉ, ืฉืื ืื ืงืืื ืขื ืืฉืจืื ืชืืื ืืขืืื ืืื.
ืืืฃ ืฉืืฆืื ื ืืืืจื ืืชืืกืคืืช (ืืชืืืืช ืก, ื, ื”ื ืื ืืคืงืืจืืชื) ืฉืืืืคื ืฉืืจื ืืืื ืขื ืืืืื ืืืชืจ ืืชืืืื ืืืืจืืช ืืืื ืืคื ืื. ืืฉ ืืืืจ ืฉืืื ืืืื ืชื ืืืืจ ืฉืืืชืจ ืืืืจืืช ืืืื ืฉืืจื ืืื ืขื ืืืืื, ืืื ืฉืื ืืืืชืืืื ื ืชื ืืจื ืจืฉืืช ืืชืืืืื ืืืืจืืช ืืคื ืื ืืืื, ืืืืื ืืืจืืช ืืชืืืื ืืื ื ืืื ืืฉืืืืืช ืจืื. ืืืืจ ืื ืืืช ืืืกืืคื ืืชืืกืคืืช (ืฉื) ืืืชืื: “ืืืคืืื ืืื ืื ืืืจื ืืื ืืกืชืืืข ืืืืชื, ืืืืื ืืจืื ืืฆืื”. ืืฉืื ืฉืื ืืืืคื ืฉืืจื ืืชืืจ ืืืคืืจืฉ ืืชืืืืื ืืืืจืืช ืืืื ืืคื ืื, ืืืื ืฉืืื ืื ืืฉืชืืฉ ืืืืชืจ ืื, ืืืื ืฉืื ืืจืื ืืื ืกืืืขืชื ืืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืืืืชื ืฉื ืชืืจื. ืื ืจืื ืืืืกืืฃ ืืื ืืืืืจ, ืฉืืืื ืืืืชื ืฉื ืืืืจื ืืืื ืืคื ื ืจืื ืืื ื ืืืืจ ืขืื ืฉ ืขื ืืขืฉื ืืขืืืจื, ืืื ืฉืืืื ืฉืืื ืื ืืจื ืืืขืฉืื ืฉืืื ืืฉืจืื ืืืืื ืืช ืืืืช ืืงืืื ืฉืืื, ืืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืช ืืงืืื ืฉืื ืขืฆืื.
ืืฆืขืจื ื, ืืืืจ ืืืืจืื ืืจืืืฉืื ืืืื ืืช ืืจืืืช ืืืืจืืช ืืขื ืืื ืื ืฉื ืืชืืืืืช ืืืืืื ืืืืจ, ืืืืจืื ืืื ืฆืจืืืื ืชืืงืื ืืืื ืืื! ืืจืื ื’ ืืื ืืื ืืฉ ืืช ืจืื ืฉืื, ืืืฉ ืืื ืืขืื ืืืืื ืืคื ืฉืืืจื ืื”ื (ืืืืช ืค”ื, ื”ื): “ืขืฉื ืื ืจื”, ืืืื ืคืขืืื ืืืฉ ืืืืจืื ืืขืฆืื ืืืชืจ ืืืื ืืช ืืืจื ืจื ืืืจ, ืืขืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืจืืช ืืืชืจ ืืื. ืขืืื ื ืืืขืช, ืื ืืฃ ืฉืืืฉื ืื ืืืืจืืช ืืื ืืืืืงื ืืขืืช ืืื ืืืืื ืืฉืจืื, ืืื ืืงืื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืคืืืข ืืืืืื, ืืืืื ืืืืจื ื ืฉืื ื ื ืคืจืฆื ืื ืืืืจืืช ืืืืฉ ืืืฉืจ ืืขืื ืื ืืขืฉื, ืืืืื ืขืืื ื ืืืืืจ ืื ืขื ืื ืื ืืื ืืืืืืื ืืืืืืื ืืืืืืจืื ืืืืชืจ, ืฉืขืื ืฉื ืืืชื ืจื”ื, ืืืคืจื ืฉืืืจ ื ืชืืืจ ืฉืื ืืืืช ืืงืืื ืฉื ืืื ืืฉืจืื ืชืืื ืืขืืื ืืืืจ ืื, ืืืื ืืชืืืืืช ืืืืืืช ืืืืืื ืืฉืจืื, ืขื ืืฉืจืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืช ืืืืช ืงืืืื, ืืืคืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืขื ืืืื ื ืืืชืืืง ืืืืจ ืื ืืืืชืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืจ, ืืืืืืช ืื ื ืืื ืืืื ื ืฉืืชืงืืืื ืื ื ืืืจื ืืืืจืฉ “ืืขืชืื ืืื ืืงื”ื ืืืืง ืืืื ืืืงื ืื ืืื’ ืื ืื ืืงื ืื ืืืื”.
ื ืืืจ ืืคืจืฉืช ืฉืืื ื ืชืฉืก”ื
โซโชParshaโฌโฌ โซโชPreview
Harav Hagaon Moshe Ahron Friedman Shlita
Of Eight, Ten, and Beyond
Parshas Shemini
Harav Hagaon Moshe Aaron Friedman Shlita
Parshas Shemini begins with the words ืึทืึฐืึดื ืึทึผืึผืึนื ืึทืฉึฐึผืืึดืื ึดื, which refer to the eighth day of the miluim. The Ibn Ezra points out that this wasnโt the eighth day of Chodesh Nissan; it was actually the first day of Nissan, but the miluim started earlier, in Adar.
The Kli Yakar observes that there are seven mazalos, and there are seven days of the week โ but then thereโs the higher level of eight, as in the eight yemei milah, and the eight days until an animal may be brought as a korban. He draws a parallel to the Gemaraโs statement (Arachin 13) that while the kinor in the Beis Hamikdash had only seven strings, the kinor of Yemos Hamashiach will have an eighth string. The Gemara adds that in Olam Haba, there will be ten strings, as the passuk says ย ืขึฒโืึตื ืขึธืฉืืึนืจ ืึทืขึฒืึตื ื ึธืึถื and ืึฐึผื ึตืึถื ืขึธืฉืืึนืจ ืึทืึฐึผืจืึผ ืืึน. This has to do with the fact that thereโs a higher level of nine, and then thereโs a tenth level, as represented by the nine tefachim of the aron and the added tefach of the kapores: ืืจืื ืชืฉืขื ืืืคืจืช ืืคื.
Actually, the eighth day of miluim also incorporated the concept of ten, as Rashi states that this day took ten โcrowns,โ as enumerated by the Seder Olam:
ืจืืฉืื ืืืขืฉื ืืจืืฉืืช, ืจืืฉืื ืื ืฉืืืื, ืจืืฉืื ืืืืื ื, ืจืืฉืื ืืขืืืื, ืจืืฉืื ืืืจืืืช ืืืฉ, ืจืืฉืื ืืืืืืช ืงืืฉืื, ืจืืฉืื ืืฉืืื ืฉืืื ื, ืจืืฉืื ืืืจื ืืช ืืฉืจืื, ืจืืฉืื ืืืืกืืจ ืืืืืช, ืจืืฉืื ืืืืฉืื
That day was the first day of the week. It was also the day when the first nasi, Nachshon ben Aminadav, brought his korban, and the first day of kehunah, as Moshe Rabbeinu had been the one to offer korbanos previously, during the first seven days of miluim. It was the first day of avodah, the first time fire came down from Shomayim, the first time kodshim were eaten, and the first day when bamos were forbidden, because now there was a Mishkan. It was also the first day that the Shechinah dwelled among Klal Yisrael, and the first day that Klal Yisrael were blessed.
The first item on this list, ืจืืฉืื ืืืขืฉื ืืจืืฉืืช, seems generic โ it was Sunday. The week before there was also Sunday, so what was unique about this day? Some sefarim explain that this wasnโt a regular Sunday; it was the anniversary of the worldโs creation, and the creation of Adam Harishon, according to the opinion that the world was created in Nissan (rather than in Tishrei).
Another interesting explanation I saw is that ืจืืฉืื ืืืขืฉื ืืจืืฉืืช means that on this day, the worldโs existence was established, for Chazal say that the world stands on three pillars โ Torah, avodah, and gemilus chassadim โ and while Torah and gemilus chassadim had existed already from the time of the Avos, on this day avodah was introduced.
The Maharam Schiff, at the end of Maseches Chullin, offers another answer, explaining that until now the worldโs existence had been conditional, hinging on the establishment of the Mishkan. Now that the Mishkan was finally erected, the purpose of creating heaven and earth was fulfilled. He adds that the Torah concludes its description of the first day of Creation with the words ืึทืึฐืึดื ืขึถืจึถื ืึทืึฐืึดื ืึนืงึถืจ ืืึนื ืึถืึธื, referring to this day as yom echad and not yom rishon, but now that the Mishkan was built and the world was firmly established, there was finally a โyom rishon.โ In other words, yom rishon here does not mean Sunday, but the first day of the world.
Atoning for Twin Sins
Among the korbanos of this eighth day of miluim was the ืขึตืึถื ืึถึผื ืึธึผืงึธืจ ืึฐืึทืึธึผืืช brought by Aharon, which came to atone for the cheit haโeigel. Klal Yisrael brought a ืฉึฐืืขึดืืจ ืขึดืึดึผืื ืึฐืึทืึธึผืืช, and that was to be mechaper for Mechiras Yosef. The Meshech Chochmah observes that these two korbanos were atoning for the twin facets of bein adam laMakom and bein adam lachaveiro, the eigel being a sin between man and Hashem and the sale of Yosef being a sin between man and his fellow. These two aspects of sin always go hand in hand, and kapparah is required for both.
The Megaleh Amukos sees a deep connection between these two aveiros, noting that the Midrash states that the shevatim sold Yosef because they foresaw that Yeravam ben Nevat, who would station agalim for avodah zarah in Dan and Beer Sheva, would descend from him. Their sale of Yosef was therefore an act of kanaโus against that future sin. What was wrong with this, however, was that the shevatim themselves later brought an eigel, and that sparked criticism against them for their act of selling Yosef in protest of the agalim that his descendant would create.
Unsurprising Miracles
Later in the parshah we find a discussion about kashrus, and a listing of various kosher and non-kosher animals. Rashi notes that when Moshe Rabbeinu said ืึนืืช ืึทืึทืึธึผื ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืชึนึผืืึฐืืึผ, he actually held up each animal and showed it to Klal Yisrael. This is an incredible miracle: In middle of the desert, Moshe was suddenly able to locate every type of animal โ wild beast, domestic creature, insects, and so on. For all the animals to congregate in the Midbar, in a veritable safari, would seem to be a huge nes! Why is this not even mentioned by Chazal as a wonder?
The answer involves a fundamental insight: This phenomenon occurred for the sake of limud haTorah, and anything unusual that happens for the purpose of limud haTorah is not surprising. An example of this principle is the famous story of how a particular type of grasshopper came to R’ Chaim Kanievskyโs window. To him, this was hardly astounding, because it was for the sake of limud haTorah.
Another example can be found in the introduction to the sefer Yam Shel Shlomo, where the Maharshal refers, almost offhandedly, to an incident in which his candle went out, and he didnโt have light to enable him to learn in the dark, until miraculously a candle materialized and continued burning for him all night. He says this as though itโs self-understood, and does not hail it as a nes similar to that of Chanukah โ and thatโs because the miracle happened for the sake of Torah learning. Limud haTorah has the power to bring about any type of nes.
Parperaโos LโChochmah
Regarding the kashrus of fish, the passuk says, ืึถืช ืึถื ืชึนึผืืึฐืืึผ ืึดืึนึผื ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืึทึผืึธึผืึดื ืึนึผื ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืืึน ืกึฐื ึทืคึดึผืืจ ืึฐืงึทืฉึฐืืงึถืฉึถืืช ืึทึผืึทึผืึดื, and the Shach al HaTorah sees an allusion here regarding how to choose someone to teach you Torah. As we know, ืืื ืืื ืืื ืชืืจื, so here the Torah is hinting that the rebbi from whom you will drink spiritual waters must possessืกึฐื ึทืคึดึผืืจ ืึฐืงึทืฉึฐืืงึถืฉึถืืช . The letters of the word ืกึฐื ึทืคึดึผืืจ can be read rearranged to read ืกืคืจ ื ”ื, a reference to the 60 (ื ”ื) masechtos of Shas. The gematria of the word ืืืื is also 60, indicating that a true gaon is someone who knows all 60 masechtos.
As for the word ืงึทืฉึฐืืงึถืฉึถืืช, its numerical value is 1200, which is also the gematria of the phrase ืชืืืื ืืื ืืขื ืืขืฉืื ืืื ืืื. This hints at another condition: the rebbi you learn from must also live according to the principles that he teaches, to the greatest extent that he can.
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Another interesting point is that when discussing what must happen to food before it can be susceptible to tumah, the Torah says, ืึดืึธึผื ืึธืึนืึถื ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืึตืึธืึตื ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืึธืืึนื ืขึธืึธืื ืึทืึดื. Now, water is not the only liquid that renders food susceptible to tumah; there are actually seven liquids that do that: wine, honey, oil, milk, dew, blood, and water. These are referred to using the acronym ืื ืฉืื ืื, which stands for ืืื, ืืืฉ, ืฉืื, ืืื, ืื, ืืื. R’ Chaim Kanievsky notes, in Taama dโKra, that the Torah alludes to these other six liquids, besides water, by adding a superfluous vav to the word ืึธืืึนื in the passuk.
Each of these seven liquids, incidentally, corresponds to a different Yom Tov: Wine is Purim, honey is Rosh Hashanah, oil is Chanukah, milk is Shavuos, dew is Pesach (when we begin asking for dew), blood is Yom Kippur (representing the dayโs korbanos), and water is Succos, when there is nisuch hamayim.
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The parshah also says, ืึทืึฐ ืึทืขึฐืึธื ืึผืืึนืจ ืึดืงึฐืึตื ืึทืึดื ืึดืึฐืึถื ืึธืืึนืจ, referring to the concept of mikveh, which must contain 40 se’ah of water. There are all kinds of calculations of how we derive this requirement, but the Ostrovtzer sees an intriguing remez in the phrase ืื ืืงืื, pointing out that if you spell out the letters of this phrase in their full form โ ื”ื ืื”ื ื”ื ืงื”ืฃ ืื”ื ื”ื โ the total gematria of those letters (389) equals that of the words ืืจืืขืื ืกืื. So the โfullโ volume of a mikvehโs waters is, literally, 40 se’ah.
Gut Shabbos.