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ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•

Finkel, Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Nosson Tzvi ztโ€l

ื•ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฉื” ืืœ ืื”ืœ ืžื•ืขื“ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืืชื• ื•ื™ืฉืžืข ืืช ื”ืงื•ืœ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื• (ื–, ืคื˜)

ื‘ืชื ื—ื•ืžื (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื): ืื ืชืืžืจ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ืžืฉื” ื‘ืงื•ืœ ื ืžื•ืš ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื›ื•’, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืืœื ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืฉืžืขื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžืชื• ื‘ื“ื‘ื•ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื›ื•’. ื•ืžื ื™ืŸ ื•ื›ื•’, ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ‘ื•ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฉื” ืืœ ืื”ืœ ืžื•ืขื“ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืืชื• ื•ื™ืฉืžืข ืืช ื”ืงื•ืœ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื•’, ื”ืงื•ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ืžืข ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ: ‘ืงื•ืœ ื”’ ืฉื•ื‘ืจ ืืจื–ื™ื’, ื•ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื›ื•’. ื•ื›ื™ ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ืงื•ืœ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœืžื” ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื, ืœืคื™ ืฉื’ื–ืจ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืฆื ื•ื”ืœืš ืืฆืœ ืžืฉื”, ื•ืขืฉื” ืœื• ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ื•ืฆื ื”ืงื•ืœ ืขื“ ืฉื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืฉื” ื•ืœื ื ืฉืžืข ืœื›ืืŸ ื•ืœื›ืืŸ. ืฉืขืฉื” ืœื• ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื“ืจืš ืœืื•ืชื• ื”ืงื•ืœ ืฉื™ืœืš ืืฆืœ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืฉื ืืžืจ: ‘ื•ื™ืงืจื ืืœ ืžืฉื” ื•ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ื”’ ืืœื™ื•’, ืืœื™ื• ื”ื™ื” ื ืฉืžืข ื•ืœื ืœืื—ืจ.

ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉืืข”ืค ืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืช ืงื•ืœื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™”ืช, ืงื•ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืœื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืฉืžื•ืข. ืข”ื› ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืื ื• “ื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ืœ ‘ืœืฉืžื•ืข’ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื•ืœืœืžื“”. ื’ื ืžื™ ืฉืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืžืฉื›ื™ืœ, ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื™ื–ื›ื” ‘ืœืฉืžื•ืข’ ืืช ืงื•ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืงื•ื“ืžืช ื‘ืงืฉื” ื–ื• ืœื‘ืงืฉืช ‘ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื•ืœืœืžื“’, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืจืง ืข”ื™ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืžื™ืขื”, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืจืื•ื™ ื•ืœืœืžื“ื” ืœืื—ืจื™ื.

ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ‘ืœืฉืžื•ืข’ ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืจืื•ื™, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื• ืขื“ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื“ืจื’ืช “ื•ื™ืฉืžืข ืืช ื”ืงื•ืœ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื•”. ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš ืข”ื” “ื•ื ืชืช ืœืขื‘ื“ืš ืœื‘ ืฉื•ืžืข” (ืžืœื›ื™ื ื ื’,ื˜), ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืืข”ืค ืฉื”ืฉืžื™ืขื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืื•ื–ืŸ, ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื— ื”ืฉืžื™ืขื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืœื‘. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” “ื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืข”, ืจืง ืข”ื™ ืฉืžื™ืขืช ื”ืœื‘ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืื•ืชื” ื›ืจืื•ื™.

ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชืŸ ืฆื‘ื™ ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื”

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื

Finkel, Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Nosson Tzvi ztโ€l

‘ื•ื™ืฉื ืœืš ืฉืœื•ื’
ืžืจืŸ ืจื”โ€ื™ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชืŸ ืฆื‘ื™ ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื” ื”ื™ื” ืจื’ื™ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื”ื™ื ืกื’ื•ืœื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ื•ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืชืจื™ืก ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ื™ืฆื”ืดืจ ื•ื—ื™ืœื•ืชื™ื•. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืคื™ืจื•ื“ ื•ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ื ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื›ืœ ืจืข, ื•ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื”ื–ืžื ื” ืœืฉื˜ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช ืจื—”ืœ.

ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื”, ื”ื™ื” ืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื–ืดืœ (ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื ื‘.): “ื”ื ื”ื• ื‘ื™ ืชืจื™ ื“ืื™ื’ืจื™ ื‘ื”ื• ืฉื˜ืŸ ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ ืฉื™ืžืฉื™, ื•ื”ื•ื• ืงื ืžื™ื ืฆื• ื‘ื”ื“ื™ ื”ื“ื“ื™, ืื™ืงืœืข ืจืดืž ืœื”ืชื, ืขื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ื• ืชืœืชื ื‘ื™ ืฉื™ืžืฉื™ ืขื“ ื“ืขื‘ื™ื“ ืœื”ื• ืฉืœืžื. ืฉืžืขื” ืœืฉื˜ืŸ ื“ืงืืžืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืืคืงื™ื” ืจืดืž ืœื”ื”ื•ื ื’ื‘ืจื ืžื‘ื™ืชื™ื”ืด. ื”ื™ื™ื ื•, ืฉืข”ื™ ืฉื”ืฉืจื” ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืจื‘ื™ ืžืื™ืจ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข ื•ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœืฉื˜ืŸ ื“ืจื™ืกืช ืจื’ืœ ืืฆืœื.

ืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืื•ื”ื‘ ื•ืจื•ื“ืฃ ืฉืœื•ื. ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื•ืชืจ. ื”ื•ื ืชื‘ืข ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืœื—ื ืš ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื•. ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืจื” ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ืื—ื•ื”. ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช: ืดื‘ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœืžืฉืคื—ืช ืžื™ืจ”.

ื‘ืขืช ืฉื ืคืชื—ื” ืื—ืช ื”ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ื”ื™ืชื” ื“ืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืžืคืชื™ื—ืช ื”ื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ืื•ืœื ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืงื™ืžื™ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื‘ืฉืืœื” ืžื™ ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืจืืฉ. ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ. ืจื””ื™ ืฉืžืข ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื•ืืžืจ ืœื”ื: ืดื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืžื™ืจ ื”ื•ื ืดื•ื ืคืฉื™ ื›ืขืคืจ ืœื›ืœ ืชื”ื™ื”ืด, ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ื›ืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืื—ื“ื•ืช, ืดืื ืชื”ื™ื” ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื›ื, ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื˜ืขื ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ื•ืจื”ืด.

“ื‘ื›ืœ ื ืคืฉืš”

ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืœื›ื”

Shpitzer, Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shlita

ื ืฉื

ื ืฉื™ืืชย  ื›ืคื™ื

ื‘ื‘”ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื—ืจื“ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืž”ืข ืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœื”ืชื‘ืจืš. ื•ืข’ ืื’”ืž ื•ื›ืŸ ืชืฉื•”ื” ื—”ื ืข”ื– ื‘ื˜ืขื ื”ื—ื–ื•”ื ืฉืžืคืกื™ืง ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื‘ืฉืžื•”ืข, ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ื. ื•ืข’ ื—”ืก ื›”ื‘ ื“ื—ื•ืฉืฉ ืžื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื›ืคื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืชืคืœื” ืฉื ื™ืช ืื”ื› ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื›ื”ืŸ ื•ืื– ืžื•ืชืจย  ื›ื™ ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”ื ื‘ืžืฆื•ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ื.

ื•ืข’ ืžื ”ื— ืฉืข”ื— ืžื”ืจื™ื˜ื‘”ื ื‘ืกื•ื›ื” ืœ”ื ืข”ื‘ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœ ืชื•ืกื™ืฃ ื“ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ื”ืŸ ื ื•ืฉื ื›ืคื™ื• ืคืขื ืฉื ื™ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื“ื”ืจื™ ืžืฆื•ื” ืจืง ืขืœ ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื.

ื•ืืฃ ื“ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจื™ื˜ื‘”ื ืฉื ื“ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื, ืž”ืž ื”ืœื ื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืžืฉื ื“ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœ ืชื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ืžื›ืคื™ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื“ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืžื›ืคื™ืœ ืžืฉื•ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื•ืžืฉืžืข ื“ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ื“ืื™ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฆื•ื” ื›ืœืœ, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช.

ื•ืข’ ืชื•ืก’ ืกื•ื˜ื” ืœ”ื˜ ื”ืง’ ื“ืชืจื™ ืงืœื™ ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืขื™. ื•ื”ืง’ ืงืจ”ื ื“ื”ืฆ ืœืฉืžื•ืข. ื•ืœื›ื’ ื™”ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืก’ ื›ื—ืจื“ื™ื, ื•ื›”ื› ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืงื ืื•ืช ืฉื, ืžืžื—ื‘ืจ ื ื”ื•ืจ ืฉืจื’ื. ื•ืข”ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืžืกืคืจื™ ื“ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืžื•ืข, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืžื—ืจื“ื™ื ื”ื ”ืœ.

ื•ืข’ ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื” ื™’ ืกืง”ื’ ืืžืื™ ืœื—ืจื“ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืชื‘ืจืš.

ื•ืข’ ื—”ืก ืื•”ื— ื›”ื‘ ื‘ืฉื ื™ืจืื™ื ื˜”ื• ื“ืก”ืœ ื›ื—ืจื“ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื ืกื™’ ืงืก”ื– ื“ืจื•ื‘ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื.

ื•ืข’ ืžืฉืžื ื™ ืืจืฅ ืขืœ ืกื•ื˜ื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืจืื™ื” ืžืชื•ืก’ ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื˜”ื– ืข”ื ื“ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžืกื™ื— ื“ืขืช ืžื”ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื•ืข”ื› ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.ย  ื•ืžืจืžื– ืœื–ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœ”ื ื‘’.

ื•ืข’ ืค”ืช ื™ื•”ื“ ืฉืก”ื“ ื“’ ืžืฉื•”ืช ื—ื•”ื™ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ืจ’ ื“ื•ื“ ืื•ืคื ื”ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืฉื ืคืœ ื‘ื”ื›”ื  ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืจืฆื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื—ืคืจื• ื‘ืขื•ืžืง ื•ื ืžืฆืื• ืขืฆืžื•ืช ืžืชื™ื ื•ืข”ืฉ ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื ื“ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื’ื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืœืฉืœื ืขืœ ื”ืคื ื•ื™ ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื‘ื ”ื“ ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื•ื–ื”ืจ ื’”ื› ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื‘ืจื’ืœ ื•ื’ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืฉื•ืžืข ื‘ืžื–ื™ื“ ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”.

ืื—ืจ ืžื™ื˜ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืจืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ

Partzovitz, Hagaon Harav Refoel Shlita

ื”ืจื‘ ืจืคืืœ ืคืจืฆื•ื‘ื™ืฅ – ืคืจืฉืช ื ืฉื

 

ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ืฆืจ ื‘ืื“ื ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื’ืื•ื”

ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื•’ ืคืกื•ืง ื‘’, ื“ื‘ืจ ืืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืืžืจืช ืืœื™ื”ื ืื™ืฉ ืื• ืืฉื” ื›ื™ ื™ืคืœื™ื ืœื ื“ื•ืจ ื ื“ืจ ื ื–ื™ืจ ืœื”ื–ื™ืจ ืœื“’, ื•ื‘ื’ืž’ ื ื“ืจื™ื ื“ืฃ ื˜’ ืข”ื‘ ื”ื•ื‘ื ืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ื ื–ื™ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ื ืฉื‘ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง, ื•ื–”ืœ ื”ื’ืž’: “ืืžืจ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืื›ืœืชื™ ืืฉื ื ื–ื™ืจ ื˜ืžื ืืœื ืื—ื“, ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื‘ื ืื“ื ืื—ื“ ื ื–ื™ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ื, ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืคื” ืขื™ื ื™ื ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ ืจื•ืื™ ื•ืงื•ื•ืฆื™ื• ืกื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื• ืชืœืชืœื™ื, ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื• ื‘ื ื™ ืžื” ืจืื™ืช ืœื”ืฉื—ื™ืช ืืช ืฉืขืจืš ืžื–ื” ื”ื ืื”, ืืžืจ ืœื™ ืจื•ืขื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืœืื‘ื ื‘ืขื™ืจื™ ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืžืœืื•ืช ืžื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืžืขื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ื ืกืชื›ืœืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื‘ื•ืื” ืฉืœื™ ื•ืคื—ื– ืขืœื™ ื™ืฆืจื™ ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืœื˜ื•ืจื“ื ื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื• ืจืฉืข ืœืžื” ืืชื” ืžืชื’ืื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืฉืœืš ื‘ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืžื” ื•ืชื•ืœืขื”, ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืื’ืœื—ืš ืœืฉืžื™ื, ืžื™ื“ ืขืžื“ืชื™ ื•ื ืฉืงืชื™ื• ืขืœ ืจืืฉื•, ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื• ื‘ื ื™ ื›ืžื•ืš ื™ืจื‘ื• ื ื•ื–ืจื™ ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืขืœื™ืš ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื•ืžืจ ืื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ื™ืคืœื™ื ืœื ื“ื•ืจ ื ื“ืจ ื ื–ื™ืจ ืœื”ื–ื™ืจ ืœื“'”, ืขื›”ืœ ื”ื’ืž’.

ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื ื• ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ื“ืžื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื”ืชืคืขืœื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื ื–ื™ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืืจ ื ื–ื™ืจื™ื, ื•ื ืจืื” ืœื‘ืืจ ื‘ื–ื”, ื“ื”ื ื–ื™ืจ ื›ืฉืจืื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื‘ื•ืื” ืฉืœื• ื•ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื™ืฆื””ืจ ืคื—ื– ืขืœื™ื•, ื™ื“ืข ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื‘ื ืขืœื™ื• ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื ืชื’ืื” ื‘ืฉืขืจื• ื”ื ืื”, ื•ืžื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืœืฉืจืฉ ืžืขืฆืžื• ืืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื’ืื•ื”, ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉืืžืจ ืœืขืฆืžื• ืขื“ ืžืชื™ ืืชื” ืžืชื’ืื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืฉืœืš, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื™ื ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ืขืช ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ืจ, ื•ื–ื”ื• ื’ืื•ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืฉืœืš, ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืœื—ื ื‘ื”ืจื’ืฉืช ื”ื’ืื•ื”, ื•ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉืจืื” ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœื™ื•, ืื–ื™ ืืžืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืื’ืœื—ืš ืœืฉืžื™ื, ื•ื–ื”ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื’ืื•ื” ืฉื ื‘ืขื” ืžืฉืขืจื• ื”ื ืื”.

ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืฉื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ืฆืจ ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžื–ื” ืฉืฉื•ืœื˜ืช ื‘ืื“ื ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื’ืื•ื”, ื ืจืื” ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื•ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื–ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื ื” ื‘ืฉืขืจื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” (ืฉืขืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืื•ืช ื›”ื–), ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื•ื–”ืœ: “ื”ื’ืื•ื” ืžืกื‘ื‘ืช ื›ืžื” ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืžื’ื‘ืจืช ื™ืฆืจ ืœื‘ ื”ืื“ื ืขืœื™ื•, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ืจื ืœื‘ื‘ืš ื•ืฉื›ื—ืช ืืช ื“’ ืืœื•ืงื™ืš ื•ื›ื•’, ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื–”ืœ: “ื•ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื’ืื•ื” ื ืžืกืจ ื‘ื™ื“ ื™ืฆืจื•, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืขื–ืจ ื“’ ืขืžื• ืื—ืจื™ ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืขื‘ืช ื”ืฉื”, ืขื›”ืœ. ื•ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืขืค”ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืž’ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื“ืฃ ืœ’ ืข”ื‘, ื“ืื™ืชื ืฉื, ื•ืืžืจ ืจ”ืฉ ื‘ืŸ ืœื•ื™ ื™ืฆืจื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืžืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื•ืžื‘ืงืฉ ื”ืžื™ืชื• ืฉื ื’ ืฆื•ืคื” ืจืฉืข ืœืฆื“ื™ืง ื•ืžื‘ืงืฉ ื”ืžื™ืชื•, ื•ืืœืžืœื ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืขื•ื–ืจื• ืื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื• ืฉื ื’ ืืœื•ืงื™ื ืœื ื™ืขื–ื‘ื ื• ื‘ื™ื“ื•, ืข”ื› ื‘ื’ืž’, ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื’ืž’ ื“ืื™ืŸ ื”ืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจื• ื›ื™ ืื ืข”ื™ ืขื–ืจื” ืžืฉืžื™ื, ื•ื”ื› ื–ื”ื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื ื” ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ืขืœ ื’ืื•ื” ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืขื‘ืช ื“’, ืื–ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“’ ืขื•ื–ืจื• ื•ื ืžืกืจ ื‘ื™ื“ ื™ืฆืจื•, ื•ื”ื‘ื ื” ื–ื• ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื–ื™ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ื ืžื™ื“, ืฉืคื—ื– ืขืœื™ื• ื™ืฆืจื• ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ืื•ื”, ื•ื—ื™ืคืฉ ืขืฆื•ืช ืžื™ื“ ื”ืื™ืš ืœืฉืจืฉ ืืช ื”ื’ืื•ื”, ืขื“ ืฉื‘ื ืœื ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ื ื–ื™ืจ, ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืจืื” ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืืช ืžืขืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื ื–ื™ืจ ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืืจ ื ื–ื™ืจื™ื.

ื•ืœื“ืจืš ื–ื• ื™ืชื‘ืืจ ื’”ื› ืžื” ื˜ืขื ื“ืœืงื ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืขื ื•ื”, ื›ื“ืื™ืชื ื“ืชื•ืจื” ืžื ื—ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืืฆืœ ื”ื ืžื•ืš, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืืžืจื™ ื—ื–”ืœ ืฉืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื”ื ื“ืขื ื•ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืœืงื ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ื’ืื•ื” ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื ืข ืœืงื ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื‘ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืคื™ ื”ื ”ืœ, ื•ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ื ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉืฉืžืขืชื™ ืžื›’ ืืืžื•”ืจ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ืฉืืžืจ ืฉืฉืžืข ืžืจื‘ื• ืžืจืŸ ื”ื’ืจื‘”ื“ ื–ืฆ”ืœ, ืฉืžื” ื“ืื™ืชื ื‘ื—ื–”ืœ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื ื” ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื ื” ื›ื ื’ื“ื•, ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื“ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืื“ื ืงื ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื•, ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ื›ื ื’ื“ื•, ื•ืจืง ื›ืš ื™ื–ื›ื” ืœืงื ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, ืขื›”ื“ ื”ื’ืจื‘”ื“. ื•ืžืขืชื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืืจ, ื“ื‘ืขืœ ื’ืื•ื” ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชื•ืขื‘ ืœืคื ื™ ื“’ ืื–ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืจื•ื—ืง, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ื›ื ื’ื“ื•, ื•ื”ื› ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื• ืงื ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ื› ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืขื ื•ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืงื ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื”.

ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœืื—ื•ื– ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ืชื•

ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื•’ ืคืกื•ืง ื™”ื“, ื•ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืืช ืงืจื‘ื ื• ืœื“’ ื›ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืŸ ืฉื ืชื• ืชืžื™ื ืื—ื“ ืœืขื•ืœื” ื•ื›ื‘ืฉื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืช ืฉื ืชื” ืชืžื™ืžื” ืœื—ื˜ืืช ื•ื’ื•’ ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘”ืŸ ื•ื–”ืœ: “ื•ื˜ืขื ื”ื—ื˜ืืช ืฉื™ืงืจื™ื‘ ื”ื ื–ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืžืœืืช ื™ืžื™ ื ื–ืจื• ืœื ื ืชืคืจืฉ, ื•ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืคืฉื˜ ื›ื™ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื—ื•ื˜ื ื ืคืฉื• ื‘ืžืœืื•ืช ื”ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืขืชื” ื ื–ื•ืจ ืžืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืฉื, ื•ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืฉื™ื–ื™ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ื• ื ื–ื™ืจ ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืœืืœืงื™ื•, ื›ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืืžืจ ื•ืืงื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื›ื ืœื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื›ื ืœื ื–ื™ืจื™ื, ื”ืฉื•ื” ืื•ืชื• ืœื ื‘ื™ื, ื•ื›ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื ื–ืจื• ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืœื“’, ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ื›ืคืจื” ื‘ืฉื•ื‘ื• ืœื”ื˜ืžื ื‘ืชืื•ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื”, ืขื›”ืœ.

ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื›ืืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘”ืŸ ืฉืื“ื ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืœื“ืจื’ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, ืฉื•ื‘ ื ื“ืจืฉ ืžืžื ื• ืœื ืœืจื“ืช ืžื“ืจื’ืชื• ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ื›ืคืจื” ื›ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœื“ืจื’ืชื• ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช, ื•ืืฃ ืฉืื“ื ืื—ืจ ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ื›ืคืจื” ื›ืฉืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืœื” ืœื“ืจื’ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื, ืืš ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ืฉืžื™ื, ื“ื›ืฉืื“ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื“ืจื’ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื–ื™ ืžื—ื“ ื’ื™ืกื ื”ืจื™ ืฉืฉื›ืจื• ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื–ื›ื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื“ืจื’ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, ืืš ืžืฉื•ื ื–ื” ื’ื•ืคื ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ืจื’ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื ื“ืจืฉ ืžืžื ื• ืœืื—ื•ื– ื‘ื“ืจื’ืชื•, ื•ืื ื™ืจื“ ืžื“ืจื’ืชื• ืฆืจื™ืš ื›ืคืจื”, ื•ืœื ื›ืŸ ืื“ื ืื—ืจ ืฉืœื ื ืชืขืœื”, ืฉืžื—ื“ ื’ื™ืกื ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืœื ืฉื›ืจ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื ืชืขืœื”, ืืš ื’ื ืœื ื™ืขื ืฉ ื›ืฉืœื ื ืชืขืœื”, ื•ืžื•ื ื— ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–”ืœ ื“ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืžื“ืงื“ืง ืขืžื ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื›ื—ื•ื˜ ื”ืฉืขืจื”, ื“ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื“ืจื’ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืื–ื™ ื ื“ืจืฉ ืžื”ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื“ืจื’ืชื, ื•ื›ืœ ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื›ืคืจื”.

ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื™ืชื‘ืืจื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืž’ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื‘”ื‘ (ื“ืฃ ื™’ ืข”ื‘), ื›ื™ ื”ื ื“ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืจื™ื” ื“ืจ’ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื—ืœืฉ ืื™ื ื’ื™ื“, ื”ืœ ืื‘ื•ื” ืžืื™ ื—ื–ื™ืช, ื”ืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืคื•ืš ืจืื™ืชื™ ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœืžืขืœื”, ื”ืœ ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืจืื™ืช, ื•ื“ื•ืžื ื™ ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืœืคืจืฉ ื“ืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ื“ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื™ ืขืœืžื ื“ืฉื™ืงืจื ืืš ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉืื™ื ื ื›ืœืœ ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื, ืืœื ื“ืืฃ ื“ืื›ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื“ืจื’ืชื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื—ืจื™ื, ืž”ืž ืœืžืขืœื” ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื”ื ืœืžื˜ื”, ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื”ื ื‘ืฉืœ ื“ืจื’ืชื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื ืชื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื”ื› ืืฃ ื“ืžื—ื“ ื’ื™ืกื ื“ืจื’ืชื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, ืืš ื ื“ืจืฉ ืžื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื›ืฉืื™ื ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ื ืขื ืฉื™ื, ื•ื”ื› ืกื•ืฃ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื™ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืœืžื˜ื”, ื•ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืžื—ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื“ืจื’ื•ืช, ืืš ืœื ื ืขื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื ื“ืจืฉ ืžื”ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื ื“ืจืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื.

ื•ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื–ื” ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ”ื™ ื‘ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ, ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง (ืคืจืง ืงื™”ื˜ ืคืกื•ืง ืงื›”ื•), ืขืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื“’ ื”ืคืจื• ืชื•ืจืชืš, ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืจืฉ”ื™ ื‘ืชื•”ื“ ื•ื–”ืœ: “ืขื•ื“ ืจืื™ืชื™ ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืื’ื“ื”, ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืื™ืฉ ืคื ื•ื™ ื•ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ื”ืขื•ืฉื” ืชื•ืจืชื• ืขืชื™ื ืžื™ืคืจ ื‘ืจื™ืช, ืฉืื“ื ืคื ื•ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื’ืข ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืœ ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื”, ืขื›”ืœ. ื•ืœื ื ื•ื“ืข ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ”ื™ ื‘ื’ืž’ ื•ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉื™ื, ื•ื”ืจืื ื™ ื—ื›”ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช (ืค”ื˜ ื”ืœ’ ื”’), ืฉืื™ืชื ืฉื, ืจ’ ื—ืœืงื™ื” ื‘ืฉื ืจื‘ื™ ืกื™ื™ืžื•ืŸ, ื”ืขื•ืฉื” ืชื•ืจืชื• ืขื™ืชื™ื ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžื™ืคืจ ื‘ืจื™ืช, ืž”ื˜ ื”ืคืจื• ืชื•ืจืชืš ืขืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื“’, ื•ื ืจืื” ื“ื–ื”ื• ืžืงื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ”ื™, ื•ืจืง ื“ืจืฉ”ื™ ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ื“ืจืง ืžื™ ืฉืคื ื•ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืื–ื™ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืžื™ืคืจ ื‘ืจื™ืช ื›ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืขื™ืชื™ื, ืืš ืื“ื ื”ืขืกื•ืง ืœืคืจื ืกืชื• ื•ืงื•ื‘ืข ืขื™ืชื™ื ื”ืจื™ ืžืงื™ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื• ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืขื™ืชื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืœื ื›ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉืคื ื•ื™ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœืœื ื”ืคืกืง ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ืขื™ืชื™ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืžื™ืคืจ ื‘ืจื™ืช, ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ืืฃ ืฉืงื•ื‘ืข ืขื™ืชื™ื ื•ืฉืขื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื, ืืš ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœืœื ื”ืคืกืง ื•ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืŸ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืžืคื™ืจ ื‘ืจื™ืช, ื•ื–ื”ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื‘ื”ื™ืœื™ื ืœืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ.

ื•ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ”ื™ ืฉืืฃ ืžื™ ืฉืชื•ืจืชื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืชื• ื•ื™ื’ืข ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช, ื•ืฉื›ืจ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื• ืžืจื•ื‘ื”, ืืš ืžืื™ื“ืš ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ืœืžื“ ื›ืคื™ ื™ื›ืœืชื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืžื™ืคืจ ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื ืขื ืฉ ืขืœ ื–ื”, ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืกืง ืœืคืจื ืกืชื• ื•ืื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจืชื• ืื•ืžื ืชื• ืื–ื™ ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ืจื’ืช ืช”ื—, ืืš ืžืื™ื“ืš ืื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื• ืชื•ืจืชืš, ื•ื–ื” ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ืชื‘ืืจ.

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Shpitzer, Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shlita

The Merit that Brings the Shechinah

Parshas Naso

Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shpitzer Shlita

In this parshah we find the nesiโ€™im bringing their korbanos for the chanukas hamizbeiโ€™ach, and this, the Ramban says, became a mitzvah for all generations: whenever there’s a Beis Hamikdash and mizbeiโ€™ach โ€” in the Mishkan, the first and second Beis Hamikdash, and eventually in the times of Mashiach โ€” there is a mitzvah to bring korbanos in order to draw kedushah and the Shechinah into the Beis Hamikdash.

The people charged with bringing these inaugural korbanos were the nesiโ€™im, as the passuk relates: ื•ึทื™ึทึผืงึฐืจึดื™ื‘ื•ึผ ื ึฐืฉึดื‚ื™ืึตื™ ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ืจึธืืฉึตืื™ ื‘ึตึผื™ืช ืึฒื‘ึนืชึธื ื”ึตื ื ึฐืฉึดื‚ื™ืึตื™ ื”ึทืžึทึผื˜ึนึผืช. Rashi explains that these nesiโ€™im were the very same individuals who had served as shotrim in Mitzrayim, Jewish slave masters, and they had protected their brethren and absorbed the blows of the Mitzriyim in their stead, as the passuk states, ื•ึทื™ึปึผื›ึผื•ึผ ืฉึนืื˜ึฐืจึตื™ ื‘ึฐึผื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ.

Because these shotrim took the flak from the Egyptians in order to deflect some of the pressure from their Jewish brothers and sisters, they were chosen to be the nesiโ€™im in the Midbar, offer the korbanos during the Mishkanโ€™s inauguration, and draw down the hashraโ€™as haShechinah, creating a precedent of chanukas hamizbeiโ€™ach for all generations.

Furthermore, as Rashi notes in Parshas Behaaloscha, when Hashem created a body called the Sanhedrin to judge Klal Yisrael and bring Torah to them, the initial members of that body were drawn from the shotrim who had been hit in Mitzrayim.

We see that when Hakadosh Baruch Hu was looking for people to fill leadership positions, He looked for those who were willing to absorb blows to ease the plight of their brothers and sisters. The people chosen were individuals who were nosei bโ€™ol im chaveiro, who felt the pain of others and took action to protect them.

 

The Mother of Royalty

The Midrash wonders what was the purpose of writing Megillas Rus, which we read on Shavuos, considering that it does not teach us any halachos. And the answer is that Megillas Rus teaches us about the incredible reward that Hakadosh Baruch Hu grants to those who are gomel chessed. Rus came from a non-Jewish background, yet she rose to become the eim hamalchus, as she is described in Navi. She is the mother of all of Malchus Beis Dovid, including Dovid Hamelech, Shlomo Hamelech, and Mashiach.

Why was she chosen for this incredible position in Klal Yisrael?

When Boaz greets Rus, he says, ื”ึปื’ึตึผื“ ื”ึปื’ึทึผื“ ืœึดื™ ื›ึนึผืœ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืขึธืฉึดื‚ื™ืช ืึถืช ื—ึฒืžื•ึนืชึตืšึฐ โ€“ I was told about everything you did for your mother-in-law. Rus could have left her mother-in-law and had a good life, either in Moav or in Eretz Yisrael, but she was sensitive to her mother-in-law’s predicament and gave her own life and her future โ€” or so it seemed โ€” in order to look after her. She was willing to go crouching in the fields, collecting a little bit of leket, to bring food to her mother-in-law and take care of her. And for that, she was elevated by Hakadosh Baruch Hu to become the mother of royalty.

Boaz blessed her, ื•ึผืชึฐื”ึดื™ ืžึทืฉึฐื‚ื›ึปึผืจึฐืชึตึผืšึฐ ืฉึฐืืœึตืžึธื” ืžึตืขึดื ื”’ ื™ึฐืฉึทืืœึตึผื ื”’ ืคึธึผืขึณืœึตืšึฐ โ€” Hakadosh Baruch Hu should pay you back for your chessed with a wonderful shidduch, and your reward should be complete. The Yalkut notes that the unusual expression ื•ึผืชึฐื”ึดื™ ืžึทืฉึฐื‚ื›ึปึผืจึฐืชึตึผืšึฐ ืฉึฐืืœึตืžึธื” is a play on words, as the word ืฉึฐืืœึตืžึธื” can be read as โ€œShlomo,โ€ hinting that Rus would merit to have a great-great-grandson named Shlomo Hamelech, in the zechus of her devotion to her mother-in-law.

When Shlomo Hamelech fashioned his beautiful and remarkable throne, he also created a throne for the mother of royalty, as the passuk states (I Melachim 2:19), ื•ึทื™ึธึผืฉึถื‚ื ื›ึดึผืกึตึผื ืœึฐืึตื ื”ึทืžึถึผืœึถืšึฐ. The Gemara (Bava Basra 91b) explains that this throne was for his great-great-grandmother, Rus. Not only did Rus merit to have Shlomo Hamelech descend from her, but she even merited to live a long life and see the nachas of her great-great-grandson sitting on the throne. This was all in the zechus of the chessed that she did with her mother-in-law.

Boaz also tells Rus, ื‘ึฐึผืจื•ึผื›ึธื” ืึทืชึฐึผ ืœึทื”’, and the Torah Shleimah says, in the name of Midrash Hagadol, that when her great-great-grandson, Shlomo Hamelech, expressed himself with the words ื•ึฐืึทืชึฐึผ ืขึธืœึดื™ืช ืขึทืœ ื›ึปึผืœึธึผื ึธื” (Mishlei 31:29), he was referring to Rus, to whom Boaz said ื‘ึฐึผืจื•ึผื›ึธื” ืึทืชึฐึผ ืœึทื”’. Why did she merit that Hakadosh Baruch Hu elevated her โ€” ื•ึฐืึทืชึฐึผ ืขึธืœึดื™ืช ืขึทืœ ื›ึปึผืœึธึผื ึธื”? Because, as Boaz continued, ื”ึตื™ื˜ึทื‘ึฐืชึฐึผ ื—ึทืกึฐื“ึตึผืšึฐ ื”ึธืึทื—ึฒืจื•ึนืŸ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึธืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ. Not only did she take care of her mother-in-law, but she was prepared to act on behalf of her deceased husband as well.

Boaz continues and says, ื›ึดึผื™ ื™ื•ึนื“ึตืขึท ื›ึธึผืœ ืฉึทืืขึทืจ ืขึทืžึดึผื™ ื›ึดึผื™ ืึตืฉึถืืช ื—ึทื™ึดืœ ืึธืชึฐึผ โ€” all the Yidden know you are an eishes chayil. This title is reserved for those who are worthy of royalty and leadership, because of how they care for others.

The Midrash Lekach Tov points out that another person in Megillas Rus is described with the title chayil, and that is Boaz himself, as the passuk states, ื•ึผืœึฐื ึธืขึณืžึดื™ ืžื•ึนื“ึทืข ืœึฐืึดื™ืฉึธืื”ึผ ืึดื™ืฉื ื’ึดึผื‘ึผื•ึนืจ ื—ึทื™ึดืœ. Boaz was a leader in Klal Yisrael, who dedicated his life, his time, and his resources to care for Klal Yisrael. So Rus, who is described as an eishes chayil by virtue of her chessed, was worthy of a shidduch with a leader of Klal Yisrael who is an ืึดื™ืฉื ื’ึดึผื‘ึผื•ึนืจ ื—ึทื™ึดืœ โ€” and from them came Dovid Hamelech, who is also described as a ื’ึดื‘ึผื•ึนืจ ื—ึทื™ึดืœ (I Shmuel 16:18). Dovidโ€™s entire life was one saga of giving up for the sake of others and caring for the entire Klal Yisrael.

Singing and Dancing on Yom Kippur?

We say each day, when we put on our tefillin, the passuk (Hoshea 2:21) ื•ึฐืึตืจึทืฉึฐื‚ืชึดึผื™ืšึฐ ืœึดื™ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื, I will betroth you forever. Hashem declares that when the geulah comes, it will not be like the time of the first and second Batei Hamikdash, which lasted only 410 and 420 years, respectively, but this time our bond will be eternal. The passuk continues, ื•ึฐืึตืจึทืฉึฐื‚ืชึดึผื™ืšึฐ ืœึดื™ ื‘ึฐึผืฆึถื“ึถืง ื•ึผื‘ึฐืžึดืฉึฐืืคึธึผื˜ ื•ึผื‘ึฐื—ึถืกึถื“ ื•ึผื‘ึฐืจึทื—ึฒืžึดื™ื. Rashi explains that this refers not to the chessed and rachamim of Hakadosh Baruch Hu, but to the chessed and rachamim that we display. Moshiach will come because we display chessed and rachamim to other Yidden โ€” taking care of them, feeling for them, understanding their plight, and making effort to protect them. Indeed, Midrash Tanchuma states in Parshas Nitzavim, that Moshiach will come only when Klal Yisrael look after one another; this is what brings the geulah.

Tefillah works this way as well: Those who make the effort to be nosei bโ€™ol and do chessed for others will have their tefillos answered.

The Magen Avraham cites the Arizalโ€™s teaching that before we daven each morning, we should undertake the mitzvah of ื•ึฐืึธื”ึทื‘ึฐืชึธึผ ืœึฐืจึตืขึฒืšึธ ื›ึธึผืžื•ึนืšึธ. This resolve should not be just in our hearts and minds, but should involve something concrete and positive. In that merit, our tefillos will be answered.

In year 5730/1969, when the Beis Yisrael was the Rebbe of Ger, an arrangement was made for the bachurim learning in a Gerrer yeshiva outside Yerushalayim to stay in a school on Rechov Yaffo so they could spend Shabbos and Yom Tov with the Rebbe.

On Yom Kippur night, after Kol Nidrei, Maariv, and Shir Hayichud, the bachurim were heading from the Gerrer beis midrash to the school where they were sleeping, and as they walked down Rechov Yaffo, they met a group of boys who, nebach, didnโ€™t understand what Yiddishkeit is all about. But the one thing these lads knew was that thereโ€™s Yom Kippur, and on this day we gain a kapparah, and we donโ€™t eat or do melachah.

When they saw the group of Gerrer bachurim, they approached them and said, “It’s Yom Kippur tonight. Maybe we should all dance and sing a song together โ€” Dah-veed, melech Yisrael, chai, chai vโ€™kayam.โ€

And of course โ€” I would have reacted the same way โ€” the bachurim responded, โ€œItโ€™s the night of Yom Kippur, the holiest night of the year, and this is out of place.โ€ They turned their backs and headed to the school to sleep, so they should have strength to daven the next day.

Motzaei Yom Kippur, the Rebbe called in one of these bachurim โ€” who later related this story publicly โ€” and asked him, โ€œWhat happened last night?โ€ The Beis Yisrael had his finger on the pulse, and he knew exactly what was happening with all of his chassidim.

When he heard what had happened, he responded, โ€œNaar vust du bist! You fool! The Ribbono Shel Olam gave you an opportunity! This is what Yom Kippur means to these kids. You could have been mechazek these boys, you could have identified with them and given them some inspiration and encouragement on Leil Yom Kippur. Imagine how your tefillos would have been answered today when you davened after coming from doing something for a fellow Yid on Yom Kippur night.โ€

This is the greatness reflected in the words ื”ึตื ื ึฐืฉึดื‚ื™ืึตื™ ื”ึทืžึทึผื˜ึนึผืช โ€” those people who felt and understood the plight of other Jews, they were the ones who became the nesiโ€™im. They brought korbanos, and they drew kedushah and hashraas haShechinah into the Mishkan, the Beis Hamikdash, and ultimately, as the Ramban says, to the future Beis Hamikdash in the days of Mashiach, when we will have the same mitzvah of chanukas hamizbeiach.

May we be zocheh to see, speedily in our days, the fulfillment of ื•ึฐืึตืจึทืฉึฐื‚ืชึดึผื™ืšึฐ ืœึดื™ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ื•ึฐืึตืจึทืฉึฐื‚ืชึดึผื™ืšึฐ ืœึดื™ ื‘ึฐึผืฆึถื“ึถืง ื•ึผื‘ึฐืžึดืฉึฐืืคึธึผื˜ ื•ึผื‘ึฐื—ึถืกึถื“ ื•ึผื‘ึฐืจึทื—ึฒืžึดื™ื.

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