MishpatimShmos

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•

Levinshtein, Maran Hamashgiach Hagaon Harav Yechezkel ztโ€l

ื•ืจืฆืข ืื“ื ื™ื• ืืช ืื–ื ื• ื‘ืžืจืฆืข ื•ืขื‘ื“ื• ืœืขืœื (ื›ื, ื•)
ืจืฉ”ื™: ืื–ืŸ ื–ืืช ืฉืฉืžืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ืœื ืชื’ื ื‘ ื•ื”ืœืš ื•ื’ื ื‘, ืชืจืฆืข.

ืงืฉื”: ืžื“ื•ืข ื’ื–ืจื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืจืฆื™ืขื” ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืฉ ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœืจืฆืขื• ืžื™ื“ ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืžื›ืจ ืœืขื‘ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื’ื ื‘?

ื‘ื™ืืจ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืœื•ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื” ื™ืกื•ื“ ื ืคืœื: ื™ืฉ ืื“ื ืืฉืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ ืžืฆื‘ื• ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื•ืœื ืื˜ ืื˜ ื ืจืื™ื ืืฆืœื• ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ื ื™ืขื” ืœื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข. ืื“ื ื–ื” ื ืชื•ืŸ ืขืชื” ื‘ืกื›ื ื” ืขืฆื•ืžื”, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืคืชื— ื”ืคืชื— ื”ื•ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืจื—ื‘ ื•ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืืฃ ืฉืœืขืช ืขืชื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืฅ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืจืื™ืช ืจืขืชื•.

ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื™ืฉ ืื“ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชืจื—ืง ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื™ื“ืจื“ืจ ืืœ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื˜ื ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื”, ืืš ื‘ื ืคืฉื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื ืฆื ืฅ ื”ืจื”ื•ืจื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ื™ืฆื””ืจ ื•ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืชืื•ื•ืชื™ื•. ืื“ื ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื— ืœื• ืฉืื ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœื ื™ืจืคื” ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืชื•, ื™ืขืœื” ื•ื™ืชืขืœื” ืžืขืœื” ืžืขืœื”, ืืฃ ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืฅ ื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ื‘ืฉืคืœื•ืชื• ื•ืžืขืœืชื• ืื™ื ื” ื ืจืื™ืช.

ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื“ืดืงืœืืด ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื: ืื“ื ืฉืชืคื™ืœื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ืœื™ ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื›ืœืœ, ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื–ืง ื•ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืืคื™ืœื• ืจืง ื‘ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช, ื”ื•ื ื ืขืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื“ื ืฉืจื’ื™ืœ ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ืขืชื” ื”ื—ืœ ืœื”ืชืจืคื•ืช, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืจืง ื‘ื›ืžื” ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืืฃ ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชืคืœืœ ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ืชืคื™ืœืชื• ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืขืฆื•ืžื”. ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืดืขื•ืœื”ืด, ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ ืดื™ื•ืจื“ืด. ื›ืฉื”ืื“ื ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื™ื•ืจื“ ืžื˜ื”, ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื• ื•ืื™ืŸ ืขืฆื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื•, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจื“ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืฆืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื™ืจื™ื“ืชื• ืขื“ ืจื“ืชื• ืฉื—ืช. ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืฉืงื•ืข ื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืจืข, ืคืฆื•ืข ื•ืฉืคืœ ืœื’ืžืจื™, ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉืงืขื” ื•ื ืชืงืจืจื” ืืฆืœื• ืืฉ ื”ืชืื•ื” ื•ื ื•ื›ื— ืœื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื•ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉืคืœ ื”ื•ื ื•ื—ื“ืœ ืื™ืฉื™ื, ื“ื•ืงื ืื“ื ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืžื•, ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœื™ื• ื•ืœื”ื—ื“ื™ืจ ื‘ื• ื”ืจื”ื•ืจื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”.

ืœื›ืŸ ืืžืจื” ืชื•ืจื” ืœืจืฆื•ืข ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื“ ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืฉ. ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ืจืง ื”ื—ืœื” ื™ืจื™ื“ืชื• ื•ืฉืคืœื•ืชื•, ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืจืฆื™ืขืช ื”ืื•ื–ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืงื ื•. ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืฉ ืฉื ื™ื, ื›ืฉื›ืœ ื›ื•ืœื• ืฉืงื•ืข ื‘ืจืข ืขื“ ืฉื ืฉื ืฉืคื—ื” ื•ืืžืจ ืดืื”ื‘ืชื™ ืืช ืื“ื•ื ื™ ื•ื’ื•’ืด, ื“ื•ืงื ืื– ืืžืจื” ืชื•ืจื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื• ื•ืœื”ืขื ื™ืฉื•. ื“ื•ืงื ืขืชื”, ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื• ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™, ื‘ืจืื•ืชื• ืืช ืจืขืชื• ื•ืฉืคืœื•ืชื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื™ืชืขื•ืจืจ ื•ื™ื‘ืงืฉ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื ืคืฉื• ืžืฉื—ืช.

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื

Finkel, Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Aryeh ztโ€l

ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื™ื™ืฉืจ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื• ื•ืื•ืจื—ื•ืชื™ื ื•
ืกื™ืคืจ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื˜ื•ืจืง ืฉืœื™ื˜”ื: ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื–ื›ื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืกืชื•ืคืฃ ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ื›ืœื• ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื“ื™, ืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืืจื™ื” ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฆืœื””ื” ื•ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืžืžื ื• ื•ืขื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืกืจ.

ื‘ืขื ื•ื•ืชื ื•ืชื• ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช, ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื•ืกืจ ืœืื—ืจื™ื, ื•ื ืžื ืข ืžืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืื• ืœืชื‘ื•ืข ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื•ืžืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœืคื™ ืจื•ื ืžื“ืจื’ืชื• ืกื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืื•ื—ื– ื‘ื”ืŸ ืื• ืฉืœื ืจื›ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช.

ืžืจืื” ืžืคืขื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื™ืจืข ืคืขื ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ ืžื•ืกืจื™, ืฉืขืกืง ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืœื‘ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื–ื•ืœืช. ืจื‘ื™ ืืจื™ื” ืฆื™ื˜ื˜ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ”ื™ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื, ื•ืžืจื•ื‘ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื• ืืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื‘ืชื• ื•ืชืฉื•ืงืชื• ื›ืœืคื™ื”ื, ืคืจืฅ ื‘ื‘ื›ื™ ื ืจื’ืฉ ืฉืกื—ื˜ ื“ืžืขื•ืช ืžื›ื•ืœื ื•.

ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืงืจื™ื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ”ื™ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง: “ืืชื” ื›ื•ื ื ืช ืžื™ืฉืจื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ืฆื“ืงื” ื‘ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืชื” ืขืฉื™ืช” (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืฆื˜, ื“). ืžืคืจืฉ ืจืฉ”ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืณืžื“ืจืฉ ืชื ื—ื•ืžืืณ: “ืืชื” ื›ื•ื ื ืช ืžื™ืฉืจื™ื โ€“ ืคืฉืจื” ื•ืฉื™ืžืช ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ื•ื ื ืช ื‘ืืžืจืš ‘ื›ื™ ืชืจืื” ื—ืžื•ืจ ืฉื ืืš ืจื•ื‘ืฅืณ, ืณื›ื™ ืชืคื’ืข ืฉื•ืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ืšืณ – ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืจืื” ืืช ืฉื•ื ืื• ื’ื•ืžืœ ืœื• ื—ืกื“ ืฉืœื ื™ื“ื‘ื ื• ืœื‘ื• ืœื—ื‘ืงื• ื•ืœื ืฉืงื•?!”

ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืจืฉ”ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืฆื™ื•ืชื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืฉืจื•ืื” ืืช ื—ืžื•ืจ ืฉื•ื ืื• ืจื•ื‘ืฅ ืชื—ืช ืžืฉืื• ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื• ืœื”ืจื™ืžื•, ืื• ื›ืฉืคื•ื’ืฉ ืืช ืฉื•ืจื• ืื• ื—ืžื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืื•ื™ื‘ื• ืชื•ืขื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื•ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ื• ืœื‘ืขืœื™ื•, ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื‘ื–ื” ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื”. ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืจืฆืชื” ืœื›ื•ื ืŸ ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื. ื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ืจื•ืื” ืืช ืฉื•ื ืื• ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœื• ื‘ื˜ืขื™ื ืช ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ืื• ืžืฉื™ื‘ ืœื• ืืช ืื‘ื™ื“ืชื•, ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœื• ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ื•ืืฃ ืœื—ื‘ืงื• ื•ืœื ืฉืงื•. ื ืžืฆื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ืงื™ื” ื”ื™ืฉืจื™ื ืžื›ื•ื ื ืช ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.

“ืฆื ื•ืœืžื“”, ืขื•ืจืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืืจื™ื” ื‘ืงื•ืœ ื ืจื’ืฉ ื•ื ืฉื ืง ืžื‘ื›ื™, “ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื ื• ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื ื•ืฉืจืฉื ื‘ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื•ื ื•ืช. ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืืš ื•ืจืง ืœื™ื™ืฉืจ ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื• ื•ืื•ืจื—ื•ืชื™ื ื•, ืฉื ืื”ื‘ ื”ืื—ื“ ืืช ืจืขื”ื• ื•ืฉื ื ื”ื’ ื›ืจืื•ื™ ื”ืื—ื“ ื›ืœืคื™ ืจื’ืฉื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืฆืจื›ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื™”.

ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืœื›ื”

Shpitzer, Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shlita

ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื

ื‘ื ื‘ืžื—ืชืจืช

ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื›ื™ ื™ื ืฆื• ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื—ื“ื• ื•ื›ื•’ ื•ืื ืืกื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื•ื ืชืชื” ื ืคืฉ ืชื—ืช ื ืคืฉ ื•ืื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืืกื•ืŸ ืขื ื•ืฉ ื™ืขื ืฉ, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื™ืฉืœื. ื•ืข’ ืกื ื”’ ืข”ื“ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืžื›ืืŸ ื“ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžืื‘ืจื™ื• ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœื• ื‘ื ืคืฉื• ื“ืื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœื• ื‘ื ืคืฉื• ื ื™ืžื ืงื ืœื™ื” ื‘ื“ืจื‘ื” ืžื™ื ื™ื”.

ื•ื”ื ื” ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื”ื’ื”ื•ืช ืžืœ”ืž ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ืœ ื“ื”ื ืจื“ืฃ ืขืฆืžื• ื”ืฆ ืœื“ืงื“ืง ืื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžืื‘ืจื™ื•. ื•ื˜ืขืžื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื ืจื“ืฃ ื‘ื”ื•ืœ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžืื‘ืจื™ื• ืื™ื ื• ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ื‘ื–ื” ื•ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ื›ืื•ื ืก. ื•ื”ืง’ ืขืœื™ื• ืจืข”ื ื“ื”ื› ื”ื“ืจ ืงื•’ ื”ื’ืž’ ื ื™ืžื ืงืœื‘”ืž.

ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื›”ื’ ื’’ ืชื™’ ื“ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืŸ ืงืœื‘”ืž ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื“ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ืืœื ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืจื’ื• ื•ืœื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืžื™ืชื” ืืงืจืงืคืชื ื“ื’ื‘ืจื ืข”ืฉ ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช.

ืื›ืŸ ื‘ืืคื™ืงื™ ื™ื ื—”ื‘ ืž’ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ืชื‘ื• ื“ื‘ื ื‘ืžื—ืชืจืช ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ืืœื ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ืœื ืžืฆื•ื” ื•ื“ื™ื™ืงื• ื›ืŸ ืžืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืชื•ืก’ “ื•ื™”ืœ ื“ื”ืชื ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ืืฉืžืขื™ื ืŸ ืงืจื ื“ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื“ืžื™ื” ื•ืž”ืž ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ื’ืž’ ื‘ื ื‘ืžื—ืชืจืช ืฉื™ื™ืš ืงืœื‘”ืž ืืœืžื ื“ืืคื™ืœื• ืจืฉื•ืช ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืงืœื‘”ืž ื•ื”ื“ืจ ืงืฉื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืœ”ืž ืžื’ืž’ ืกื ื”’.

'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื•' - ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”

Finkel, Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Nosson Tzvi ztโ€l

“ื•ืืœื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืืฉืจ ืชืฉื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื”ื” (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื, ื), ื•ื‘ืžื›ื™ืœืชื (ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื, ืžืกื›ืชื ื“ื ื–ื™ืงื™ืŸ ืค”ื): “ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ื—ื™ ืื•ืžืจ, ืžื” ืจืื• ื“ื™ื ื™ืŸ ืœืงื“ื•ื ืœื›ืœ ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื›ืฉื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื ืชืคืกืง ืœื”ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื ืขืฉื” ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื”.

 

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืชื™ืืจื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื™ืชืจื• ืืช ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™, ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื•ื›ืชื‘ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืืช ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ื‘ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™. ืืžื ื ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืคืชื—ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ื›ื“ื™ื ื™ ื ื–ื™ืงื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื›ื ื™ื. ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช. ื•ืœื ืขื•ื“, ืืœื ืฉืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžืขื™ืŸ ืชื ืื™ ืœืขืฆื ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ (ืฉืžื•”ืจ ืœ, ื›ื’) ืฉื›ืš ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืžืฉื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ: “ืœื ื ืชืŸ ืœื›ื ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืœื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉืชืขืฉื• ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื ื™ืŸ”.

ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•’ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ’ ื›ื”ืงื“ืžื” ื•ืชื ืื™ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”

ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื”ืŸ ื”ืŸ ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ื ื’ื ืชื ืื™ ืงื•ื“ื ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืฉื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื”ืŸ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ืจืง ืื ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ‘ื›ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ ืื—ื“’ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœืฉื™ืฉื™ื ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืืœื ืœ’ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ’ ื›ืฉื›ื•ืœื• ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื“ืจื’ืช ‘ืœื‘ ืื—ื“’. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื—ื“ ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืฉื ื™, ืืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืœืจืขื”ื• ื‘ืขื•ืžืง ื”ืœื‘, ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืœื‘ ืฉืžืฅ ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ื ื” ืื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืจืขื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ื–ื•ืœืช, ืืœื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื—ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“.

ื™ืกื•ื“ ื–ื” ืžืชื‘ืืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช ืคืจื™ืงื” ื”ืžื‘ื•ืืจืช ื‘ืคืจืฉืชื™ื ื•. ื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื’, ื”): “ื›ื™ ืชืจืื” ื—ืžื•ืจ ืฉื•ื ืืš ืจื‘ืฅ ืชื—ืช ืžืฉืื• ื•ื—ื“ืœืช ืžืขื–ื•ื‘ ืœื• ืขื–ื•ื‘ ืชืขื–ื•ื‘ ืขืžื•”. ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก, “ืžืฉื‘ืง ืชืฉื‘ื•ืง ืžื” ื“ื‘ืœื™ื‘ืš ืขืœื•ื”ื™ ื•ืชืคืจืง ืขืžื™ื””. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืชื–ืจื•ืง ื•ืชืฉืœื™ืš ืืช ื”ืฉื ืื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ื‘ืœื™ื‘ืš ืขืœื™ื•, ื•ืจืง ืื– ืชืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื• ืœืคืจื•ืง ืืช ืžืฉื ื—ืžื•ืจื•. ืชื ืื™ ืงื•ื“ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื•ื ืœืจื•ืงืŸ ืืช ืœื™ื‘ื• ืžื”ืฉื ืื” ื”ืืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ื•, ื•ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชืžืœื ื‘ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื—ื™ื‘ื” ื•ืื—ื•ื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ื•ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืžืฆื•ืช ืคืจื™ืงื” ืžืชื•ืš ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืืœ ืจืขื”ื•.

ื•ื™ื“ื•ืข ืžื” ืฉืืžืจ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืจ”ื— ืฉืžื•ืืœื‘ื™ืฅ ื–ืฆ”ืœ (ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจ, ืžืืžืจ ‘ืื”ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช’ ื•ืžืืžืจ ‘ื ื“ื‘ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ืื™ื’), ืฉื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื˜ืขื•ืช ืžื•ืฉืจืฉืช ืืฆืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืื“ื ืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืœืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ื”ื‘ ื•ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ืžื™ ืฉืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืขืžื•, ื”ื”ื™ืคืš ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ื”ืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื ืขืฉื” ืื•ื”ื‘ื• ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืจื‘ื” ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืขืžื• ืชืชื—ื–ืง ืื”ื‘ืชื• ื›ืœืคื™ื•, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืฆื™ื ื• ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืืจื—ื•ืช ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื (ืฉืขืจ ื”ืื”ื‘ื”): “ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ื“ืจืš ื™ื’ื™ืข ื”ืื“ื ืœืื”ื‘ืช ื›ืœ ืื“ื, ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื ืคืฉื• ื•ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื• ื›ืคื™ ื™ื›ืœืชื•”.

ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื• ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”

ืื™ืชื ื‘ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช (ืœื, ื): “ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื ื›ืจื™ ืื—ื“ ืฉื‘ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžืื™ ืืžืจ ืœื• ื’ื™ื™ืจื ื™ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉืชืœืžื“ื ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ืจื’ืœ ืื—ืช, ื“ื—ืคื• ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื•. ื‘ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืœืœ ื’ื™ื™ืจื™ื”, ืืžืจ ืœื• ื“ืขืœืš ืกื ื™ ืœื—ื‘ืจืš ืœื ืชืขื‘ื™ื“, ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื•ืื™ื“ืš ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” ื”ื•ื ื–ื™ืœ ื’ืžื•ืจ”, ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘ื–ื”, ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžื” ืฉื ืชื‘ืืจ ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื”ืŸ ื›ืชื ืื™ ืœืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”. ืจืง ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ‘ื›ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ ืื—ื“’ ื”ื ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื–ื”ื• ืฉืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืœืœ, ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงื•ื ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืืช ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ‘ื•ืื”ื‘ืช ืœืจืขืš ื›ืžื•ืš’, ื ืžืฆื ืฉืงื ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื”.

 

ืขืžืœ, ืขื ื•ื” ื•ืื—ื“ื•ืช โ€“ ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”

ืืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื›ื”ืงื“ืžื” ื•ืชื ืื™ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื™ืชืจื•, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ื–ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ. (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื™ืชืจื• ืžืืžืจ ‘ื”ืชื ืื™ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”’, ืฉืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ ื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ.)

ื”ื ื” ื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื˜, ื- ื‘): “ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืœืฆืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืืจืฅ ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืื• ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืกื™ื ื™. ื•ื™ืกืขื• ืžืจืคื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื•ื™ื—ื ื• ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ื™ื—ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื’ื“ ื”ื”ืจ”, ื•ืขืžื“ ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื˜, ื‘) ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืืœื•. ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืกื“ืจ ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื”ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื‘ื™ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืกื™ื ื™ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื ืกื™ืขืชื ืžืจืคื™ื“ื™ื, ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ื‘ืŸ. ืฉื ื™ืช, ืžื“ื•ืข ื›ืคืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื’ื: “ื‘ืื• ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืกื™ื ื™” ื•ื’ื: “ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืกื™ื ื™”. ื•ืขื•ื“, ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื•ืฆืจื›ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื›ืชื•ื‘: “ื•ื™ื—ื ื• ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ”, ื”ืœื ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืืžืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ ืฉื‘ืื• ืœืžื“ื‘ืจ ืกื™ื ื™. ื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืžื›ืืŸ ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืง’, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ืœืชืืจ ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื™ืฆืื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžื“ื‘ืจ ืกื™ื ื™, ืืœื ืœื”ืฉืžื™ืขื ื• ืืœื• ื”ื›ื ื•ืช ื ืฆืจื›ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ืžืœืžื“ื ื• ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื–ื”, ืฉื™ืฉื ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื, ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ื™ื, ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

ื”ืชื ืื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ – ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืขืฆืžื•ืช ื‘ืขืกืง ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ื ืจืžื– ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘: “ื•ื™ืกืขื• ืžืจืคื™ื“ื™ื”, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื“ืจืฉื• ื—ื–”ืœ ื‘ืžื›ื™ืœืชื (ืคืจืฉืช ืขืžืœืง, ืค”ื): “ื•ื™ื‘ื ื•ื™ืœื—ื ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืจืคื™ื“ื™ื – ืื™ืŸ ืจืคื™ื“ื™ื ืืœื ืจืคื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื“ื™ื, ืœืคื™ ืฉืจืคื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื“ื™ื”ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื”, ืœื›ืš ื‘ื ืฉื•ื ื ืขืœื™ื”ื, ืœืคื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ื ื ื‘ื ืืœื ืขืœ ืจืคื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื“ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื””. ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืกืขื• ื•ื”ืชื ืชืงื• ืžืขืฆืœื•ืชื ื•ืžืจืคื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื, ืฉื”ื ืžืคืกื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื’ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื• ื•ื”ืชืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืขืกืง ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

ื”ืชื ืื™ ื”ืฉื ื™- ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื•ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืคืœื•ืช ื•ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืคืจื˜. ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื ืจืžื– ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘: “ื•ื™ื—ื ื• ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ”, ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–”ืœ (ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื“, ื) ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื” ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ืืœื ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืžืฉืคื™ืœ ื•ืžืฉื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืžื“ื‘ืจ. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืืช ืžืขืœืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฉืคืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื” ืฉื›ืคืœื• ื—ื–”ืœ (ืื‘ื•ืช ืค”ื“, ืž”ื“) ืืช ืœืฉื•ื ื ื•ืืžืจื•: “ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ื”ื•ื™ ืฉืคืœ ืจื•ื—”. ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘”ืŸ ื‘ืื’ืจืชื• ื‘ืžืขืœืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืขื ื•ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื “ืžื™ื“ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช”.

ื•ืืžื ื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื ื™ืžื•ืกื™ื ื‘ืขืœืžื, ื›ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ื’ื ืืฆืœ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืืœื ืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืงื‘ืขื”, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื•, ืœื›ื‘ื“ ืืช ืจืขื”ื•, ืœื™ื™ืงืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™ ื•ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืขื ื–ื•ืœืชื•. ื”ืฉืคืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืขื ื•ื”, ื”ื™ื ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืืœื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื ื™, ื•ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื–ื•ืœืชื•. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืื“ื ืžืฉืคื™ืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ื–ื•ืœืช, ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื ืขืฉื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืขื™ื“ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœ ื•ืžื•ืกืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื–ื•, “ื•ื”ืื™ืฉ ืžืฉื” ืขื ื™ื• ืžืื“ ืžื›ืœ ื”ืื“ื ืืฉืจ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืื“ืžื”” (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื‘, ื’).

ื”ืชื ืื™ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™- ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื–ืืช ืจืžื– ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘: “ื•ื™ื—ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื’ื“ ื”ื”ืจ”, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื“ื™ื™ืง ืจืฉ”ื™ ืžืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” “ื•ื™ื—ืŸ” ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“, ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• “ื›ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ ืื—ื“”. ื•ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื—ื›ืžื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืœื”ืชื•ื•ืขื“ ื™ื—ื“ ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™ ื‘ืœื‘ ืฉืœื, ื•ืœื—ื“ื“ ื”ืื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ืขื“ ื›ื™ ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืื—ืช, ืื•ืœื ืื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ‘ื‘ืœื‘ ืื—ื“’ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”! (ื•ืจืื” ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš, ืžืืžืจ ‘ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœืžืงื•ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื”’.)

ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช, ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืขื“ ื›ื™ ื™ืชืื—ื“ื• ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื•ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœ’ืื—ื“’.

‘ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช’ ืฉื”ื•ืฉืจืฉื• ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืงื•ื“ื ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ื ืŸ ื›ืžื• ืืœื• ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ื‘ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™

ืืžื ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื“ืขืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ‘ืžื™ื“ื•ืช’. ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš ืข”ื” ืื•ืžืจ (ืžืฉืœื™ ื•, ื•,ื—): “ืœืš ืืœ ื ืžืœื” ืขืฆืœ ื•ื’ื•’ ืชื›ื™ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ืœื—ืžื” ืื’ืจื” ื‘ืงืฆื™ืจ ืžืื›ืœื””. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›ืœ ื ืžืœื” ืžื›ื™ื ื” ื‘ื—ืจื™ืฆื•ืช ืืช ืœื—ืžื” ื•ืžืื›ืœื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื ืžืœื” ืื—ืช ื’ื•ื–ืœืช ืžื—ื‘ื™ืจืชื”. ื•ืœื–ื” ืืžืจื• ื—ื–”ืœ ื‘ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ (ืง, ื‘): “ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืื™ืœืžืœื ืœื ื ื™ืชื ื” ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœืžื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ืžื—ืชื•ืœ, ื•ื’ื–ืœ ืžื ืžืœื”, ื•ืขืจื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื ื”, ื“ืจืš ืืจืฅ ืžืชืจื ื’ื•ืœ”.

ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ, ืื ื’ื ืœืœื ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ืžื“ื•ืข ืื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืฆืจื›ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืœืœืžื“ื ื• ื“ื™ื ื™ื ืืœื•. ื•ื‘ื”ื›ืจื—, ืฉื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืงื•ื“ื ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ื ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื” ื”ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืชื•ืœ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืื™ื ืŸ ื”ื ื™ืžื•ืกื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช.

ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืืฆืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืคืจ ืœื™ ืฉื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืื™ืœืช ื‘ื™ืงืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื•ืจื•ืื” ืื™ืš ืฉื”ื ืงื•ืคืฆื™ื ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื—ื˜ื•ืฃ ืื•ื›ืœ, ื”ืจื”ืจ ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื•: “ื•ื›ื™ ืžื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื’ื™ื, ื”ื ืจืฆื™ื ืžื›ืืŸ ืœืฉื ื•ืžืฉื ืœื›ืืŸ ืœืœื ื”ืจืฃ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ืœื”ืจื•ื™ื— ืืช ืœื—ืžื, ืืฃ ืื ื™ ื›ืžื•ืชื, ืจืฅ ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื•ื™ื— ืืช ืœื—ืžื™”. ืืžืจ ืœื• ื‘ื ื• โ€“ ื•ืชืจืื• ืžื”ื™ ‘ื”ืจื’ืฉื”’ ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ โ€“ “ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ื“ื’ื™ื ืจืฆื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืœืขืฆืžื ืื•ื›ืœ, ืื ื• ืจืฆื™ื ืœื”ืจื•ื™ื— ื›ืกืฃ ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื• ืื ื• ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืžื•ืŸ ืจื’ื™ืœ ืืœื ื”ื•ื ‘ืชื•ืจื”-ื“ื™ืงืข ืžืžื•ืŸ’ – ืžืžื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื””.

ืื ื ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื ืจืื”, ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืžืกื•ื›ืกืš ื•ืžืคื•ืœื’, ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขื™ืจ ื•ืขื™ืจ, ื•ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืจืขื”ื•. ืืžื ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชื—ื–ืง ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืฉืืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืฉืจื™ืฉื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื•, ื•ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”’ืื—ื“ื•ืช’ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื•, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื ื–ื›ื” ืœื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื” ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•, ืืžืŸ.

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Wahrsager, Harav Hagaon Meir Shlita

Live Your Own Life!

Parshas Mishpatim

Harav Hagaon Meir Wahrsager Shlita

The parshah begins with a discussion of the eved Ivri, and presents the halachah of the eved nirtza, whose ear is pierced at the doorpost after he has spent six years serving his master and expresses his desire to remain a slave. This piercing of his ear seems to be some sort of punishment, and indeed, Rashi cites two statements of Chazal that explain why he receives this punishment:

ืื–ืŸ ื–ืืช ืฉืฉืžืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ืœื ืชื’ื ื•ื‘, ื•ื”ืœืš ื•ื’ื ื‘, ืชืจืฆืข. ื•ืื ืžื•ื›ืจ ืขืฆืžื•, ืื–ืŸ ืฉืฉืžืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื›ื™ ืœื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื‘ื“ื™ื, ื•ื”ืœืš ื•ืงื ื” ืื“ื•ืŸ ืœืขืฆืžื•, ืชืจืฆืข.

We puncture his ear, Chazal are saying, because he stole despite hearing the prohibition of lo signov, or because he went and took a human master for himself despite hearing Hashem say that Bnei Yisrael are His servants, and are not meant to be servants of other servants.

If, indeed, we puncture the ear of the eved Ivri because he stole, then why donโ€™t we give him this punishment right away, rather than waiting six years until he declares that he wants to stay with his master? Furthermore, asks the Maharal in Gur Aryeh, why is this punishment of piercing the ear meted out only for violation of lo signov, and not for other transgressions?

The Maharal answers this second question by noting that even according to Rashiโ€™s statement that the ear of the eved Ivri is pierced because he stole, it is obvious that this punishment is not only for the violation of lo signov. The Maharal adds that the piercing is performed specifically at the doorpost, as Rashi goes on to explain:

ืžื” ื ืฉืชื ื• ื“ืœืช ื•ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ืžื›ืœ ื›ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ืช, ืืžืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื“ืœืช ื•ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ืขื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ื›ืฉืคืกื—ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืงื•ืฃ ื•ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื•ืช ื•ืืžืจืชื™ ื›ื™ ืœื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื‘ื“ื™ื, ืขื‘ื“ื™ ื”ื ื•ืœื ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื“ื™ื, ื•ื”ืœืš ื–ื” ื•ืงื ื” ืื“ื•ืŸ ืœืขืฆืžื•, ื™ืจืฆืข ื‘ืคื ื™ื”.

The doorpost, which Hashem passed over during Makkas Bechoros, bears witness that Hashem took us out of Mitzrayim to be His servants, and not to be indentured to anyone else. Clearly, says the Maharal, the reason we pierce the evedโ€™s ear is partially as a punishment for his selling himself as a slave โ€” not for violating other prohibitions. Apparently, there is a connection between his avdus and his theft, for the piercing of his ear is not merely due to his violation of lo signov, as evidenced by the fact that this piercing is performed only after he expresses his desire to be entrenched in his avdus, to the extent that he wants to stay even after his term of servitude ends. Somehow, that is a continuation and deepening of his sin of stealing, for which he is punished by having his ear pierced.

Stolen Identity

As we saw in the aforementioned comment of Rashi, there are two ways that a person can become an eved Ivri: by selling himself, or by being sold by beis din to repay what he stole, if he doesnโ€™t have another way to repay. This second way is reflected in the passuk (Shemos 22:2) that states: ืฉืึทืœึผึตื ื™ึฐืฉืึทืœึผึตื, ืึดื ืึตื™ืŸ ืœื•ึน ื•ึฐื ึดืžึฐื›ึผึทืจ ื‘ึผึดื’ึฐื ึตื‘ึธืชื•ึน โ€” if the thief doesnโ€™t have money to repay, he is sold as a slave in order to cover what he owes. This halachah is unique to a thief; no other debtor is sold into slavery in order to repay what he owes. If a borrower must repay his debt, or a mazik is required to pay damages, or a husband has to pay his wifeโ€™s kesubah, he is expected to pay from the money, assets, or real estate that he owns, but he is not sold into slavery if he cannot pay. That requirement is unique to a thief. Clearly, the thiefโ€™s being sold as a slave is not merely a way to produce the money he owes, but is actually a punishment for his thievery.

Once again we see that there is a connection between avdus and geneivah. What is this connection?

An eved doesnโ€™t have his own identity; heโ€™s subservient to his master. When he wakes up in the morning and thinks, โ€œWhatโ€™s my schedule? What am I doing today?โ€ he doesnโ€™t know the answer, since he does not dictate his life or his schedule. That is the lowliness of an eved: He cannot develop his own self, his own persona.

Why does a person steal? Because he doesnโ€™t recognize the boundaries of whatโ€™s his and whatโ€™s someone elseโ€™s. Why doesnโ€™t he recognize these boundaries? Because he hasnโ€™t really developed his own sense of self. A personโ€™s assets and possessions are an extension of himself; they are the tools that Hashem has given him to develop himself and achieve what he can in this world. When you donโ€™t develop yourself and take ownership of who you are, then you have no boundaries or barriers, so you take from other people because itโ€™s not clear to you whatโ€™s yours and whatโ€™s theirs. If you would have a sense of ownership of whatโ€™s yours, and recognize that whatโ€™s his is his, then you would have no need to take from others. The thief steals because he has never developed himself.

Usually, a person does not have to sell his body in order to pay what he owes, but part of the punishment for theft is that the person has to be sold as a slave. This shows the thief a mirror image of what he created for himself: โ€œYou decided to make yourself into a person who has no sense of self, so we sell you as a slave, who has no independent identity.โ€

Returning to our original question of why we pierce his ear only six years after he stole, when he decides to stay with his master, we can now understand why this piercing is not done right away, as a punishment for his stealing. If, after being sold into slavery and shown what track he has taken in life, he still hasnโ€™t internalized the message, then his ear is pierced, indicating that he still is not ready to develop his sense of self and stop being a slave.

Be Yourself, Not a Slave

The link between slavery and thievery is found elsewhere as well. For instance, the Mishnah states (Avos 2:7) ืžืจื‘ื” ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืจื‘ื” ื’ื–ืœ, and Rashi explains that slaves tend to be thieves. Why? Because they donโ€™t have a sense of self, and have not taken ownership over who they are.

The Gemara (Kiddushin 49b) states: ืขืฉืจื” ืงื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ื ื” ื™ืจื“ื• ืœืขื•ืœื, ืชืฉืขื” ื ื˜ืœื• ืขื‘ื“ื™ื โ€” of the ten measures of sleep that came down to the world, slaves took nine. Why are slaves so sleepy? Because they have no motivation. They have not developed their own individuality and identity, and are not living their own life, so they are always sleepy. In contrast, a person who has a sense of self and takes ownership of his own life is vibrant and motivated.

This is a message we can take out of the Torahโ€™s discussion of the eved Ivri. One of the most important principles of Torah living is to take ownership over your life; this is perhaps the deeper meaning of the berachah of ืฉืœื ืขืฉื ื™ ืขื‘ื“ that we recite each morning. On a simple level, this berachah expresses our gratitude that we are not enslaved, but on a deeper level, we are thanking Hashem that we do not have the characteristics of a slave. Many people walk around enslaved, never having become who they really are, because they havenโ€™t taken ownership of their lives, and are constantly copying others and flowing along with the system. They have never really developed their Yiddishkeit and found themselves in it.

The truest expression of self is a connection to Hashem and to Torah and mitzvos, as Chazal say that ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื‘ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื™ืŸ ืืœื ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื”. When you actually take ownership of your life in this way, you are not susceptible to lifeโ€™s vices and taavos, and you donโ€™t get pulled down by things that you donโ€™t really want to do. You are willing to take ownership of both your mistakes and your good decisions, and you resolve to be yourself instead of running around copying others. Then you are a true eved Hashem, and a true ben chorin, and you can develop yourself through everything that Hashem has given you.

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