MishpatimShmos

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•

ื•ืืœื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืืฉืจ ืชืฉื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื”ื (ื›ื,ื)
ืจืฉ”ื™: ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืืžืจ ‘ืืœื”’ ืคืกืœ ืืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ‘ื•ืืœื”’ ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืžื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืกื™ื ื™ ืืฃ ืืœื• ืžืกื™ื ื™.

ื•ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ืืจ ืฉืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื ืืžืจื• ื›ืœืœื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ื ื™ ื•ืคืจื˜ื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ืื•ื”ืœ ืžื•ืขื“, ื‘ื ืœืœืžื“ ืขืœ ืคืจืฉื” ื–ื• ืฉื ืืžืจื• ื’ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื” ื‘ืกื™ื ื™, ืขื™”ืฉ.

ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืงื™ื ื™ื: “ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืขืงืฉื™ื ืื•ืžืจ ื–ืงื ื™ ืขื ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืžื–ืงื™ื ื™ื ื“ืขืชืŸ ืžื˜ืจืคืช ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ… ืื‘ืœ ื–ืงื ื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ื ืŸ ื›ืŸ, ืืœื ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืžื–ืงื™ื ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืชืŸ ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ”, ื•ื›ื•’. ืืžืจ ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ืื‘”ื“ ืžื™ืจ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื•ืš ืงืžืื™ ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ: ื–ืงื ื™ ืขื ื”ืืจืฅ ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ืงืงื™ื ื•ื‘ืจื’ืข ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืง, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืื ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื ืชืงื•ืคื” ืืจื•ื›ื”, ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ืฉืชื ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื, ื•ืื– ื“ืขืชืŸ ืžืฉืชื‘ืฉืช ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื•ื”ื ืื™ื ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืคืกื•ืง.

ืื•ืœื ื–ืงื ื™ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืœืžื“ื• ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื ืžืฉืชื ื™ืช, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ ื›ืš ื”ื ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืขืžื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืชื—ืœืคื™ื , ื•ื“ืขืชื ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœื™ื”ื.

( “ืœืคืจืงื™ื”)

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื

ืžืจืŸ ื”ืกื‘ื ืžืกืœื‘ื•ื“ืงื” ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ
ื›”ื˜ ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืจืค”ื–
 

ืื ืกื” ืœื ื’ื•ืข ื‘ืคื™ื ื” ืื—ืช ืžืคื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ.

ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืื™ื ืืœื™ื• (ืœืžืจืŸ ื”ืกื‘ื ืžืกืœื‘ื•ื“ืงื”) โ€“ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื”ื•ืชื•, ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื. ืชื—ืช ื”ืฉืคืขืชื•, ืกืžื•ืš ืœื–ื™ื• ืื•ืจื• ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื•ืขื™ื“ื ื™ื, ื”ื™ื” ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืฉื™ืขืฉื• ืœื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ืขื” ื•ื”ื›ืจื” ืฆืจื•ืคื” โ€“ ื•ื”ื™ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืจื•, ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื•, ืจื•ื ื”ืคืกื’ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœื™ื• ืœืจืื•ืช. ื•ื›ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืชืงืจื‘ื™ื ืืœื™ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื”ื•ื ืืœื™ื”ื, ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ืจืชืช ื•ื”ื–ื™ืข ืžืคื ื™ ืจื•ื ื’ื‘ื”ื•. ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืืžื™ืชื™, ืœืจืื•ืช ื–ื”ืจ ืžื–ื•ื›ืš ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืคืงื•ื—ื•ืช, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ืคืงื—ื• ืข”ื™ ื–ื™ืงื™ื• ื”ื™ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื”ืžืื™ืจืŸ, ืื•ืชื•ืช ื ืฉื’ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื”ืŸ, ืื ื”ื”ืฉื’ื”ย  ืื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื” ืื™ื ื” ื‘ืื” ืจืง ืข”ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืง ื•ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืชื“ื™ืจื™, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืขืžืงื” ืขืžื•ืงื”.

ื›ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืื™ื, ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืฉื™ื—ื•ืชื™ื•, ืืžืจื™ื•, ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืจื•ื ืžืขืœืชื• ืฉื™ื ืงื•ืžืชื• โ€“ ื”ื™ื• ืชืžื”ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืชืื™ื: ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ืื™ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ืขืกื•ืง? ื•ื›ื™ ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืžื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืื“ื ืขืœื™ ืื“ืžื•ืช? ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื‘ืื• ืืœื™ื• ื”ื™ื” ื›ืืœืฃ ืืœืคื™ ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ื“-ืขืจืš ื›ืœืคื™ ืื•ืชื• ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืžืžื ื•.

ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื, ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ืขื•ืœื ืื—ืจ, ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ืืœื™ื, ืชืžื”ื™ื. ื•ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืžื™ื”ื” ื‘ืจืง ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ื›ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ื›ืจื” ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืื™ืจ ื—ื“ืจื™ื”. ืขื‘ืจื• ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช, ืฉืžื ื™ ืงื™ืจื•ึผื‘ ื•ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื, ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื. ื ืขืฉื” ืœืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืื™ืœื™ื•… ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืชืงืฉื™ื ื•ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืคืœื™ืื”, ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ื”ื™ื• ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช? ื”ืขืจื›ื” ื›ื–ื• ืข ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื-ืœ ื—ื™, ืขืœ ืืœื” ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ื ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื ื‘ืจืื• ื‘ืฆืœืžื• ื›ื“ืžื•ืชื•? ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืื•ืชื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœื”ืฉื’ื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช, ืžืงื•ืจื™ื•ืช, ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ื•ื ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืฉื’ืชืŸ, ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื” ืขื“ ืฉืขื•ืœื” ืœื™ื“ืขืŸ, ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืŸ.

ืžืชื•ืš ืžืืžืจ ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ ืœื–ื›ืจื• ื‘ืกืคืจ “ื”ืกื‘ื ืžืกืœื‘ื•ื“ืงื””

ืข”ื™ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื• ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืžืื™ืจ ืคืฆื™ื ืจ ื–”ืœ

ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืœื›ื”

Shpitzer, Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shlita

ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื

ืื ื›ืกืฃ ืชืœื•ื” ืืช ืขืžื™

ื”ื ื” ื‘ืงืฆื•ืช ืข”ื‘ ืœ”ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจ”ืŸ ื“ื›ืœ ืฉื•ืืœ ืกืคืจ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืžืฉื•ื ืคืจื•ื˜ื” ื“ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื ืื” ืฉืœื• ื•ื”ื•ื™ ืฉื•ื›ืจ ื•ืœื ืฉื•ืืœ. ื•ืงืฉื” ื”ื ื“ืืžืจื• ื“ืฉื•ืืœ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืื•ื ืกื™ืŸ ื“ื›ืœ ื”ื ืื” ืฉืœื• ื•ืžืื™ ืฉื ื ืžืฉื•ืืœ ืกืคืจ ื“ืคื˜ื•ืจ ื“ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื ืื” ืฉืœื•, ืฉื›’ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจ”ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื’ื ื”ืžืฉืื™ืœ ืžืจื•ื™ื— ืฉืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืคืจื•ื˜ื” ื“ืจ’ ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ื•ืง’ ื”ื› ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื•ืืœ ื ื™ืžื ื›ืŸ. ื•ืขื›ืฆ”ืœ ื“ืกืชื ืžืฉืื™ืœ ื›ืœื™ ืื™ื ื• ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืคืจื•ื˜ื” ื“ืจ’ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื“ืื™ื ื• ืžืฆื•ื”. ื•ื›”ื› ืื•”ืฉ ืค”ื• ืžื ื“ืจื™ื ื”ื˜”ื–.

ื•ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืงืฆื•ืช ื“ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืื ื›ืกืฃ ืชืœื•ื” ื›’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื™ืคื•ืช ืค’ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืขื””ืค ืื ื›ืกืฃ ืชืœื•ื”, ื•ืืฃ ื“ื‘ืขืœืžื ืฉื•ื” ื›ืกืฃ ื›ื›ืกืฃ, ื•ื›’ ื”ื˜ืขื ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžื””ืช ืœื”ืฉืื™ืœ ื›ืœื™ ื“ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืœื•ืื” ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชืงืœืงืœ ื‘ืชืฉืžื™ืฉื• ืžืฉื”ื› ื‘ื›ืกืฃ.

ื•ืข’ ืืžืจื™ ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื—”ื ืž”ื– ืžื˜ืขื ืื—ืจ ื“ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ื•ื ืื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืžืขื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืข”ื™ ืžืฉื›ื•ืŸ, (ื•ืขืžืฉ”ื› ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืฆื“ืงื” ื‘ืฉื ืื”ื‘ืช ื—ืกื“ ืค”ื ืกืขื™ืฃ ื—’), ื•ื–ื” ื ื™ื—ื ื‘ื”ืœื•ืื” ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉืืœื” ื”ืจื™ ืื ื™ืงื— ืžืฉื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ ืฉืืœื” ื‘ื‘ืขืœื™ื ื•ืคื˜ื•ืจ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžืฉืื™ืœ ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืžื””ืช.

ืืš ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื›”ื– ืื”ื‘ืช ื—ืกื“ ืžื”ื—”ื— ืžืจืฉ”ื™ ืกื•ื›ื” ืž”ื˜ ืข”ื‘ ื“ื”ืžืฉืื™ืœ ื—ืคืฅ ืžืฆื•ื” ืžื””ืช. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืื”ื‘ืช ื—ืกื“ ื“ืืฃ ื“ื”ื•ื™ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื’ืž”ื— ืž”ืž ืื™ื ื• ืžืฆื•ื” ื’ืžื•ืจื”. ื•ืœื›ื’ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ื“ื”ื•ื™ ืจืง ื•ืื”ื‘ืช ืœืจืขืš ื›ืžื•ืš ื•ืœื ืžืฉื•ื ืื ื›ืกืฃ ืชืœื•ื”.

ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืื”ื‘ืช ื—ืกื“ ืฉืื™ื ื•ย  ืžืฆื•ื” ื’ืžื•ืจื”, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ื“ื”ื•ื™ ืžืฆื•ื” ืงื™ื•ืžื™ืช, ื•ืื ืฉืืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืžื” ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืฉืื™ืœ ืœื• ืืœื ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ื•ื, ืžืฉื”ื› ื‘ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืœืœื•ื•ืชย  ื›ืกืฃ ื“ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืœื•ื•ืชย  ืœื•.

ืื›ืŸ ื ืจืื” ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืื”ื‘ืช ื—ืกื“ ืœืคืจืฉ ื“ื˜ืขื ืจืฉ”ื™ ืขืค”ื™ ืกื•ื˜ื” ื™”ื“ ืข”ื ื“ืจืฉื• ืขื””ืค ืื—ืจื™ ื”’ ืืœืงื™ื›ื ืชืœื›ื• ื•ื›ื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื• ืœืื“ื ืœื”ืœืš ืื—ืจ ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื•ื”ืœื ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื”’ ืืœืงื™ืš ืืฉ ืื•ื›ืœื” ื”ื•ื ืืœื ืœื”ืœืš ืื—ืจ ืžื“ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืžืœื‘ื™ืฉ ืขืจื•ืžื™ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื›ื•’ ืืฃ ืืชื” ื”ืœื‘ืฉ ืขืจื•ืžื™ื ื•ื›ื•’ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื‘ื™ืงืจ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื›ื•’ ื ื™ื—ื ืื‘ืœื™ื ื•ื›ื•’ ืงื‘ืจ ืžืชื™ื ื•ื›ื•’. ื•ื‘ืจืฉ”ื™ ืค’ ืจืื” ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืืžืช ืขื””ืค ื•ื‘ื• ืชื“ื‘ืงื•ืŸ ื“ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื”ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื• ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืจื—ื•ื ื•ื›ื•’.ย  ื•ืขืคื™”ื– ื ืจืื” ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืจืฉ”ื™ ื‘ืกื•ื›ื” ืž”ื˜ ืข”ื‘ ื”ื ”ืœ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื•. ื•ืข’ ืฉื ืืจื™ื” ืกื™’ ืก”ื“ ื“ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœืžืงื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื•.

ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื• - ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”

Finkel, Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Nosson Tzvi ztโ€l

ื•ืืœื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืืฉืจ ืชืฉื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื”ื” (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื, ื), ื•ื‘ืžื›ื™ืœืชื (ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื, ืžืกื›ืชื ื“ื ื–ื™ืงื™ืŸ ืค”ื): “ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ื—ื™ ืื•ืžืจ, ืžื” ืจืื• ื“ื™ื ื™ืŸ ืœืงื“ื•ื ืœื›ืœ ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื›ืฉื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื ืชืคืกืง ืœื”ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื ืขืฉื” ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื”.

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืชื™ืืจื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื™ืชืจื• ืืช ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™, ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื•ื›ืชื‘ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืืช ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ื‘ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™. ืืžื ื ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืคืชื—ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ื›ื“ื™ื ื™ ื ื–ื™ืงื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื›ื ื™ื. ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช. ื•ืœื ืขื•ื“, ืืœื ืฉืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžืขื™ืŸ ืชื ืื™ ืœืขืฆื ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ (ืฉืžื•”ืจ ืœ, ื›ื’) ืฉื›ืš ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืžืฉื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ: “ืœื ื ืชืŸ ืœื›ื ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืœื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉืชืขืฉื• ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื ื™ืŸ”.

ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•’ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ’ ื›ื”ืงื“ืžื” ื•ืชื ืื™ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”

ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื”ืŸ ื”ืŸ ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ื ื’ื ืชื ืื™ ืงื•ื“ื ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืฉื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื”ืŸ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ืจืง ืื ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ‘ื›ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ ืื—ื“’ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœืฉื™ืฉื™ื ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืืœื ืœ’ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ’ ื›ืฉื›ื•ืœื• ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื“ืจื’ืช ‘ืœื‘ ืื—ื“’. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื—ื“ ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืฉื ื™, ืืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืœืจืขื”ื• ื‘ืขื•ืžืง ื”ืœื‘, ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืœื‘ ืฉืžืฅ ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ื ื” ืื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืจืขื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ื–ื•ืœืช, ืืœื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื—ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“.

ื™ืกื•ื“ ื–ื” ืžืชื‘ืืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช ืคืจื™ืงื” ื”ืžื‘ื•ืืจืช ื‘ืคืจืฉืชื™ื ื•. ื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื’, ื”): “ื›ื™ ืชืจืื” ื—ืžื•ืจ ืฉื•ื ืืš ืจื‘ืฅ ืชื—ืช ืžืฉืื• ื•ื—ื“ืœืช ืžืขื–ื•ื‘ ืœื• ืขื–ื•ื‘ ืชืขื–ื•ื‘ ืขืžื•”. ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก, “ืžืฉื‘ืง ืชืฉื‘ื•ืง ืžื” ื“ื‘ืœื™ื‘ืš ืขืœื•ื”ื™ ื•ืชืคืจืง ืขืžื™ื””. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืชื–ืจื•ืง ื•ืชืฉืœื™ืš ืืช ื”ืฉื ืื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ื‘ืœื™ื‘ืš ืขืœื™ื•, ื•ืจืง ืื– ืชืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื• ืœืคืจื•ืง ืืช ืžืฉื ื—ืžื•ืจื•. ืชื ืื™ ืงื•ื“ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื•ื ืœืจื•ืงืŸ ืืช ืœื™ื‘ื• ืžื”ืฉื ืื” ื”ืืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ื•, ื•ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชืžืœื ื‘ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื—ื™ื‘ื” ื•ืื—ื•ื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ื•ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืžืฆื•ืช ืคืจื™ืงื” ืžืชื•ืš ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืืœ ืจืขื”ื•.

ื•ื™ื“ื•ืข ืžื” ืฉืืžืจ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืจ”ื— ืฉืžื•ืืœื‘ื™ืฅ ื–ืฆ”ืœ (ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจ, ืžืืžืจ ‘ืื”ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช’ ื•ืžืืžืจ ‘ื ื“ื‘ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ืื™ื’), ืฉื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื˜ืขื•ืช ืžื•ืฉืจืฉืช ืืฆืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืื“ื ืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืœืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ื”ื‘ ื•ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ืžื™ ืฉืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืขืžื•, ื”ื”ื™ืคืš ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ื”ืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื ืขืฉื” ืื•ื”ื‘ื• ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืจื‘ื” ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืขืžื• ืชืชื—ื–ืง ืื”ื‘ืชื• ื›ืœืคื™ื•, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืฆื™ื ื• ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืืจื—ื•ืช ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื (ืฉืขืจ ื”ืื”ื‘ื”): “ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ื“ืจืš ื™ื’ื™ืข ื”ืื“ื ืœืื”ื‘ืช ื›ืœ ืื“ื, ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื ืคืฉื• ื•ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื• ื›ืคื™ ื™ื›ืœืชื•”.

ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื• ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”

ืื™ืชื ื‘ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช (ืœื, ื): “ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื ื›ืจื™ ืื—ื“ ืฉื‘ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžืื™ ืืžืจ ืœื• ื’ื™ื™ืจื ื™ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉืชืœืžื“ื ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ืจื’ืœ ืื—ืช, ื“ื—ืคื• ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื•. ื‘ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืœืœ ื’ื™ื™ืจื™ื”, ืืžืจ ืœื• ื“ืขืœืš ืกื ื™ ืœื—ื‘ืจืš ืœื ืชืขื‘ื™ื“, ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื•ืื™ื“ืš ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” ื”ื•ื ื–ื™ืœ ื’ืžื•ืจ”, ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘ื–ื”, ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžื” ืฉื ืชื‘ืืจ ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื”ืŸ ื›ืชื ืื™ ืœืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”. ืจืง ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ‘ื›ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ ืื—ื“’ ื”ื ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื–ื”ื• ืฉืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืœืœ, ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงื•ื ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืืช ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ‘ื•ืื”ื‘ืช ืœืจืขืš ื›ืžื•ืš’, ื ืžืฆื ืฉืงื ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื”.

 

ืขืžืœ, ืขื ื•ื” ื•ืื—ื“ื•ืช โ€“ ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”

ืืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื›ื”ืงื“ืžื” ื•ืชื ืื™ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื™ืชืจื•, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ื–ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ.

ื”ื ื” ื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื˜, ื- ื‘): “ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืœืฆืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืืจืฅ ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืื• ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืกื™ื ื™. ื•ื™ืกืขื• ืžืจืคื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื•ื™ื—ื ื• ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ื™ื—ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื’ื“ ื”ื”ืจ”, ื•ืขืžื“ ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื˜, ื‘) ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืืœื•. ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืกื“ืจ ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื”ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื‘ื™ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืกื™ื ื™ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื ืกื™ืขืชื ืžืจืคื™ื“ื™ื, ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ื‘ืŸ. ืฉื ื™ืช, ืžื“ื•ืข ื›ืคืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื’ื: “ื‘ืื• ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืกื™ื ื™” ื•ื’ื: “ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืกื™ื ื™”. ื•ืขื•ื“, ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื•ืฆืจื›ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื›ืชื•ื‘: “ื•ื™ื—ื ื• ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ”, ื”ืœื ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืืžืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ ืฉื‘ืื• ืœืžื“ื‘ืจ ืกื™ื ื™. ื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืžื›ืืŸ ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืง’, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ืœืชืืจ ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื™ืฆืื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžื“ื‘ืจ ืกื™ื ื™, ืืœื ืœื”ืฉืžื™ืขื ื• ืืœื• ื”ื›ื ื•ืช ื ืฆืจื›ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ืžืœืžื“ื ื• ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื–ื”, ืฉื™ืฉื ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื, ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ื™ื, ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

ื”ืชื ืื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ – ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืขืฆืžื•ืช ื‘ืขืกืง ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ื ืจืžื– ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘: “ื•ื™ืกืขื• ืžืจืคื™ื“ื™ื”, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื“ืจืฉื• ื—ื–”ืœ ื‘ืžื›ื™ืœืชื (ืคืจืฉืช ืขืžืœืง, ืค”ื): “ื•ื™ื‘ื ื•ื™ืœื—ื ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืจืคื™ื“ื™ื – ืื™ืŸ ืจืคื™ื“ื™ื ืืœื ืจืคื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื“ื™ื, ืœืคื™ ืฉืจืคื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื“ื™ื”ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื”, ืœื›ืš ื‘ื ืฉื•ื ื ืขืœื™ื”ื, ืœืคื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ื ื ื‘ื ืืœื ืขืœ ืจืคื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื“ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื””. ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืกืขื• ื•ื”ืชื ืชืงื• ืžืขืฆืœื•ืชื ื•ืžืจืคื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื, ืฉื”ื ืžืคืกื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื’ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื• ื•ื”ืชืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืขืกืง ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

ื”ืชื ืื™ ื”ืฉื ื™- ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื•ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืคืœื•ืช ื•ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืคืจื˜. ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื ืจืžื– ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘: “ื•ื™ื—ื ื• ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ”, ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–”ืœ (ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื“, ื) ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื” ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ืืœื ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืžืฉืคื™ืœ ื•ืžืฉื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืžื“ื‘ืจ. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืืช ืžืขืœืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฉืคืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื” ืฉื›ืคืœื• ื—ื–”ืœ (ืื‘ื•ืช ืค”ื“, ืž”ื“) ืืช ืœืฉื•ื ื ื•ืืžืจื•: “ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ื”ื•ื™ ืฉืคืœ ืจื•ื—”. ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘”ืŸ ื‘ืื’ืจืชื• ื‘ืžืขืœืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืขื ื•ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื “ืžื™ื“ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช”.

ื•ืืžื ื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื ื™ืžื•ืกื™ื ื‘ืขืœืžื, ื›ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ื’ื ืืฆืœ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืืœื ืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืงื‘ืขื”, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื•, ืœื›ื‘ื“ ืืช ืจืขื”ื•, ืœื™ื™ืงืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™ ื•ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืขื ื–ื•ืœืชื•. ื”ืฉืคืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืขื ื•ื”, ื”ื™ื ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืืœื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื ื™, ื•ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื–ื•ืœืชื•. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืื“ื ืžืฉืคื™ืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ื–ื•ืœืช, ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื ืขืฉื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืขื™ื“ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœ ื•ืžื•ืกืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื–ื•, “ื•ื”ืื™ืฉ ืžืฉื” ืขื ื™ื• ืžืื“ ืžื›ืœ ื”ืื“ื ืืฉืจ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืื“ืžื”” (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื‘, ื’).

ื”ืชื ืื™ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™- ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื–ืืช ืจืžื– ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘: “ื•ื™ื—ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื’ื“ ื”ื”ืจ”, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื“ื™ื™ืง ืจืฉ”ื™ ืžืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” “ื•ื™ื—ืŸ” ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“, ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• “ื›ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ ืื—ื“”. ื•ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื—ื›ืžื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืœื”ืชื•ื•ืขื“ ื™ื—ื“ ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™ ื‘ืœื‘ ืฉืœื, ื•ืœื—ื“ื“ ื”ืื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ืขื“ ื›ื™ ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืื—ืช, ืื•ืœื ืื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ‘ื‘ืœื‘ ืื—ื“’ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”!

ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช, ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืขื“ ื›ื™ ื™ืชืื—ื“ื• ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื•ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœ’ืื—ื“’.

‘ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช’ ืฉื”ื•ืฉืจืฉื• ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืงื•ื“ื ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ื ืŸ ื›ืžื• ืืœื• ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ื‘ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™

ืืžื ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื“ืขืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ‘ืžื™ื“ื•ืช’. ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš ืข”ื” ืื•ืžืจ (ืžืฉืœื™ ื•, ื•,ื—): “ืœืš ืืœ ื ืžืœื” ืขืฆืœ ื•ื’ื•’ ืชื›ื™ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ืœื—ืžื” ืื’ืจื” ื‘ืงืฆื™ืจ ืžืื›ืœื””. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›ืœ ื ืžืœื” ืžื›ื™ื ื” ื‘ื—ืจื™ืฆื•ืช ืืช ืœื—ืžื” ื•ืžืื›ืœื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื ืžืœื” ืื—ืช ื’ื•ื–ืœืช ืžื—ื‘ื™ืจืชื”. ื•ืœื–ื” ืืžืจื• ื—ื–”ืœ ื‘ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ (ืง, ื‘): “ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืื™ืœืžืœื ืœื ื ื™ืชื ื” ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœืžื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ืžื—ืชื•ืœ, ื•ื’ื–ืœ ืžื ืžืœื”, ื•ืขืจื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื ื”, ื“ืจืš ืืจืฅ ืžืชืจื ื’ื•ืœ”.

ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ, ืื ื’ื ืœืœื ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ืžื“ื•ืข ืื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืฆืจื›ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืœืœืžื“ื ื• ื“ื™ื ื™ื ืืœื•. ื•ื‘ื”ื›ืจื—, ืฉื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืงื•ื“ื ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ื ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื” ื”ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืชื•ืœ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืื™ื ืŸ ื”ื ื™ืžื•ืกื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช.

ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืืฆืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืคืจ ืœื™ ืฉื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืื™ืœืช ื‘ื™ืงืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื•ืจื•ืื” ืื™ืš ืฉื”ื ืงื•ืคืฆื™ื ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื—ื˜ื•ืฃ ืื•ื›ืœ, ื”ืจื”ืจ ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื•: “ื•ื›ื™ ืžื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื’ื™ื, ื”ื ืจืฆื™ื ืžื›ืืŸ ืœืฉื ื•ืžืฉื ืœื›ืืŸ ืœืœื ื”ืจืฃ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ืœื”ืจื•ื™ื— ืืช ืœื—ืžื, ืืฃ ืื ื™ ื›ืžื•ืชื, ืจืฅ ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื•ื™ื— ืืช ืœื—ืžื™”. ืืžืจ ืœื• ื‘ื ื• โ€“ ื•ืชืจืื• ืžื”ื™ ‘ื”ืจื’ืฉื”’ ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ โ€“ “ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ื“ื’ื™ื ืจืฆื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืœืขืฆืžื ืื•ื›ืœ, ืื ื• ืจืฆื™ื ืœื”ืจื•ื™ื— ื›ืกืฃ ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื• ืื ื• ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืžื•ืŸ ืจื’ื™ืœ ืืœื ื”ื•ื ‘ืชื•ืจื”-ื“ื™ืงืข ืžืžื•ืŸ’ – ืžืžื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื””.

ืื ื ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื ืจืื”, ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืžืกื•ื›ืกืš ื•ืžืคื•ืœื’, ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขื™ืจ ื•ืขื™ืจ, ื•ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืจืขื”ื•. ืืžื ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชื—ื–ืง ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืฉืืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืฉืจื™ืฉื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื•, ื•ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”’ืื—ื“ื•ืช’ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื•, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื ื–ื›ื” ืœื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื” ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•, ืืžืŸ.

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Wolman, Harav Hagaon Shmuel Shlita

Itโ€™s Life Itself!

Parashas Yisro

Harav Hagaon Shmuel Wolman Shlita

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Although Parashas Yisro is famous for being the parashah of Kabbalas HaTorah, Parashas Mishpatim is actually the parashah in which Klal Yisrael proclaimed naaseh venishma. The Gemara in Shabbos tells us that when Klal Yisrael said naaseh before nishma, a bas kol declared: ืžื™ ื’ื™ืœื” ืœื‘ื ื™ ืจื– ื–ื” ืฉืžืœืื›ื™ ื”ืฉืจืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ืŸ ื‘ื• โ€“ who divulged to Klal Yisrael the secret of the malachim, who put naaseh before nishma?

What, indeed, was so incredible and revolutionary about saying naaseh before nishma, to the extent that it is referred to as ืจื– ื–ื”? And why is this middah attributed to the malachim specifically?

In order to understand what was so unique about Klal Yisraelโ€™s response, I think we need to contrast it with the response of the umos haโ€™olam when they were offered the Torah. The Mechilta teaches that the initial response of the other nations was to ask: ืžื” ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื”? They wanted to know the conditions of the deal, and upon hearing the restrictions, they decided it just wouldnโ€™t fit into their lifestyle. But Klal Yisrael did not ask for any details after hearing Hashemโ€™s offer. They unanimously declared naaseh venishma, indicating their willingness to commit to whatever the Torah commands, without even hearing the specifics. This was in stark contrast to the response of the nations, and certainly reflected a very high madreigah of kabbalas ol Torah uโ€™mitzvos. But still, the question remains: why is this a secret, and what is so angelic about it? Perhaps more perplexing, why is it considered such a virtue to be so accepting? Isnโ€™t it a sign of maturity and responsibility to not sign at the dotted line until one reads the fine print? Why is Klal Yisrael commended for agreeing to accept the Torah without knowing what it entailed?

The Gemara continues with the story of a Tzeduki who saw Rava studying Torah with such great diligence that he didnโ€™t notice that his fingers began to bleed because he was sitting on his hands. The Tzeduki could not wrap his mind around this sight and ridiculed Rava with the words:ืขืžื ืคื–ื™ื–ื ื“ืงื“ืžื™ืชื• ืคื•ืžื™ื™ื›ื• ืœืื•ื“ื ื™ื™ื›ื• ืื›ืชื™ ื‘ืคื—ื–ื•ืชื™ื™ื›ื• ืงื™ื™ืžื™ืชื•. Essentially, he was saying, โ€œYou are continuing the hasty, naรฏve behavior that Klal Yisrael exhibited when saying naaseh venishma.โ€

The Beis Haleivi wonders about the connection between naaseh venishma and Ravaโ€™s bleeding fingers. Was the Tzeduki simply using this sight as an opportunity to remind us of another hasty moment in our history?

No Conflicting Emotions

To understand this story we need to consider Ravaโ€™s response to this Tzeduki. Ravaโ€™s answer was: ืื ืŸ ื“ืกื’ื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืชื ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ืŸ ืชืžืช ื™ืฉืจื™ื ืชื ื—ื. Rashi explains: ื”ืชื”ืœื›ื ื• ืขืžื• ื‘ืชื•ื ืœื‘ ื›ื“ืจืš ื”ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžืื”ื‘ื” ื•ืกืžื›ื ื• ืขืœื™ื• ืฉืœื ื™ื˜ืขื ื ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื•.

I believe that Rashi is conveying a fundamental tenet of Yiddishkeit and highlighting an inherent difference between the way a Tzeduki or a gentile approaches Torah and mitzvos and the way a Yid does. Yes, Rashi says, we were temimusโ€™dik when we accepted the Torah without making any inquiries. But our acceptance of the Torah was not out of haste; rather, it was a rational decision based on the deep love, trust, and confidence we have in the Eibishter. Torah and mitzvos is not a rule book ordained by some distant tyrant who is looking to control us or impose his whims on us. This is the Torah of Hashem, with whom we have a relationship. We are sure of His unlimited love for us, and we are entirely confident that whatever it says in the Torah is not only something we can handle, but is actually tailor-made to guide us toward a meaningful life and tikkun hamiddos.

The nations couldnโ€™t understand this concept, and they therefore treated Hashemโ€™s offer of the Torah like any other business deal that requires intense negotiation in order to ensure that both partiesโ€™ interests are aligned. And the minute the umos haโ€™olam heard the Torahโ€™s restrictions, they decided that it didnโ€™t fit into their lifestyle and declined the offer. They were convinced that they knew what life was all about, and therefore related to Torah as a straitjacket restricting their natural vices.

Because the nations believe that their lifestyle should be an outgrowth of their naturalย  taavos, they view any restriction as a threat to their lifestyle, and defensively react to Hashemโ€™s offer of the Torah by demanding to know whatโ€™s written in it. Malachim, however, have a different vantage point. They are created as ambassadors of the Eibishter with only one purpose: to carry out the Eibishterโ€™s ratzon. Malachim donโ€™t have their own โ€œlifestyle,โ€ nor do they grapple with the nisayon of viewing the Eibishterโ€™s will as a threat to their own interests. Rather, they naturally understand that the Eibishterโ€™s will is the purpose of their existence and that they have no tafkid other than to carry out ratzon Hashem.

This is the secret of the malachimโ€™s clarity of naaseh venishma. They donโ€™t need to hear details of Hashemโ€™s commandments before committing to fulfilling them because they know that whatever they will hear will reflect their ultimate tachlis.

An Opportunity, Not a Threat

Through the open miracles and the tremendous kindness that Klal Yisrael experienced โ€“ Yetzias Mitzrayim, Krias Yam Suf, the mann โ€“ they reached the level of clarity of the malachim and were able to say naaseh venishma with full confidence that whatever the Eibishter commands is tailor-made for their tachlis. This belief allows a person to disregard his own feelings and concerns, since heโ€™s confident that the Eibishterโ€™s Torah will ultimately make him the biggest person he can be: an eved Hashem who is subservient to the Eibishterโ€™s Torah.

Klal Yisrael recognized that Torah is not a threat to their personalities, nor does it imperil their lifestyle. Rather, Torah is life itself! The 613 mitzvos represent the ืจืž”ื— ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื and ืฉืก”ื” ื’ื™ื“ื™ื of the body, and give us the ultimate mehalach hachaim. Our physical needs are not encroached upon by the Torah; they are elevated by it. In blindly accepting the Torah, we were not hastily negating our physical comforts, but rather, we were confidently submittingour lives to our Father in Heaven, who, with unbridled love, gave us a Toras Chaim.

The readiness that Klal Yisrael displayed when saying naaseh venishma and their willingness to submit their physical lives to the Eibishterโ€™s Torah deeply unnerved the Tzeduki. When he saw Rava totally immersed in Torah study, to the point that he ignored the physical pain in his fingers, the Tzeduki began to connect the dots and poke fun at this hasty nation that loses its better judgment when it comes to the Eibishterโ€™s Torah. Ravaโ€™s answer was that this Tzedukiโ€™s perspective was missing a magical ingredient that changes the entire picture: our relationship with the Eibishter. Since we have a relationship with the Eibishter and are confident that He loves us eternally, we automatically approach Torah as the best sechorah, because we see Torah not as a constraint on our lifestyle, but rather as the manual to a meaningful life. We therefore embrace Torah as ื›ื™ ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ืื•ืจืš ื™ืžื™ื ื•, and we find ourselves losing sight of our physical needs and desires as we pursue the higher calling of a Torahโ€™dike life. That is something the Tzeduki could never relate to, and it is the angelic secret that Klal Yisrael mirrored when they said naaseh before nishma.

Why Two Crowns?

Chazal tell us that when they did so, the malachim came and adorned each member of Klal Yisrael with two crowns, one corresponding to naaseh and the other corresponding to nishma. Why, the meforshim wonder, did they receive two crowns? It would seem that Klal Yisrael did one outstanding act: that of saying naaseh before nishma.

I think that Chazal are teaching us that saying naaseh first creates a dramatic change in the nishma as well. When a person approaches Torah with such a powerful kabbalah, his observance of Torah โ€“ his โ€œnishmaโ€ โ€“ shifts as well. A nishma that is preceded by a naaseh is a different type of life: itโ€™s a life shaped by ratzon Hashem, not an obstacle course full of hurdles that infringe on our lifestyle. Itโ€™s a life in which naaseh and nishma are fused together into one harmonious unit, a life ofื›ื™ ื‘ืื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืš ื ืชืช ืœื ื• ื”’ ืืœืงื™ื ื• ืชื•ืจืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืื”ื‘ืช ื—ืกื“.

When we relive these parashiyos of Kabbalas HaTorah, itโ€™s not enough to renew our contract, as it were, and ensure that our lives fit into the Torah. Our Kabbalas HaTorah cannot simply involve a reading of the fine print and a check that our lives are aligned with the Torah. Rather, we must remember the ืจื– ื–ื” of naaseh venishma, when Klal Yisrael experienced the profound clarity that Torah doesnโ€™t govern our lives but is rather the essence of our lives, invigorating our physical bodies. Sโ€™iz gut tzu zein a Yid!

That is the source of our confidence in embracing a life of Torah and the source of the contagious enthusiasm that has perpetuated the Toras chaim for generations.

The Eibishter should give us the koach and moach to relive this clarity of naaseh venishma, which will enable us and our descendants to live a Torahโ€™dike life of ื•ื—ื™ื™ ืขื•ืœื ื ื˜ืข ื‘ืชื•ื›ื™ื ื•, forever.

Gut Shabbos.

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