MishpatimShmos

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•

ื•ืืœื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืืฉืจ ืชืฉื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื”ื (ื›ื,ื)
ืจืฉ”ื™: ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืืžืจ ‘ืืœื”’ ืคืกืœ ืืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ‘ื•ืืœื”’ ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืžื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืกื™ื ื™ ืืฃ ืืœื• ืžืกื™ื ื™.

ื•ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ืืจ ืฉืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื ืืžืจื• ื›ืœืœื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ื ื™ ื•ืคืจื˜ื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ืื•ื”ืœ ืžื•ืขื“, ื‘ื ืœืœืžื“ ืขืœ ืคืจืฉื” ื–ื• ืฉื ืืžืจื• ื’ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื” ื‘ืกื™ื ื™, ืขื™”ืฉ.

ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืงื™ื ื™ื: “ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืขืงืฉื™ื ืื•ืžืจ ื–ืงื ื™ ืขื ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืžื–ืงื™ื ื™ื ื“ืขืชืŸ ืžื˜ืจืคืช ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ… ืื‘ืœ ื–ืงื ื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ื ืŸ ื›ืŸ, ืืœื ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืžื–ืงื™ื ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืชืŸ ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ”, ื•ื›ื•’. ืืžืจ ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ืื‘”ื“ ืžื™ืจ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื•ืš ืงืžืื™ ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ: ื–ืงื ื™ ืขื ื”ืืจืฅ ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ืงืงื™ื ื•ื‘ืจื’ืข ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืง, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืื ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื ืชืงื•ืคื” ืืจื•ื›ื”, ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ืฉืชื ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื, ื•ืื– ื“ืขืชืŸ ืžืฉืชื‘ืฉืช ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื•ื”ื ืื™ื ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืคืกื•ืง.

ืื•ืœื ื–ืงื ื™ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืœืžื“ื• ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื ืžืฉืชื ื™ืช, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ ื›ืš ื”ื ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืขืžื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืชื—ืœืคื™ื , ื•ื“ืขืชื ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœื™ื”ื.

( “ืœืคืจืงื™ื”)

ื•ืืœื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืืฉืจ ืชืฉื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื”ื (ื›ื,ื)
ืจืฉ”ื™: ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืืžืจ ‘ืืœื”’ ืคืกืœ ืืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ‘ื•ืืœื”’ ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืžื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืกื™ื ื™ ืืฃ ืืœื• ืžืกื™ื ื™.

ื•ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ืืจ ืฉืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื ืืžืจื• ื›ืœืœื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ื ื™ ื•ืคืจื˜ื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ืื•ื”ืœ ืžื•ืขื“, ื‘ื ืœืœืžื“ ืขืœ ืคืจืฉื” ื–ื• ืฉื ืืžืจื• ื’ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื” ื‘ืกื™ื ื™, ืขื™”ืฉ.

ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืงื™ื ื™ื: “ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืขืงืฉื™ื ืื•ืžืจ ื–ืงื ื™ ืขื ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืžื–ืงื™ื ื™ื ื“ืขืชืŸ ืžื˜ืจืคืช ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ… ืื‘ืœ ื–ืงื ื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ื ืŸ ื›ืŸ, ืืœื ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืžื–ืงื™ื ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืชืŸ ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ”, ื•ื›ื•’. ืืžืจ ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ืื‘”ื“ ืžื™ืจ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื•ืš ืงืžืื™ ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ: ื–ืงื ื™ ืขื ื”ืืจืฅ ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ืงืงื™ื ื•ื‘ืจื’ืข ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืง, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืื ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื ืชืงื•ืคื” ืืจื•ื›ื”, ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ืฉืชื ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื, ื•ืื– ื“ืขืชืŸ ืžืฉืชื‘ืฉืช ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื•ื”ื ืื™ื ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืคืกื•ืง.

ืื•ืœื ื–ืงื ื™ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืœืžื“ื• ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื ืžืฉืชื ื™ืช, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ ื›ืš ื”ื ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืขืžื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืชื—ืœืคื™ื , ื•ื“ืขืชื ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœื™ื”ื.

( “ืœืคืจืงื™ื”)

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื

M'Slobodka, Maran Hasaba zt"l

ืžืจืŸ ื”ืกื‘ื ืžืกืœื‘ื•ื“ืงื”
ื›”ื˜ ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืจืค”ื–
ื‘ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืชื• ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื”ืคืœื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ืžื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืื—ื“ ืžืืชื ื• ืžืžืฉ. ื‘ืคื ื™ื• ืœื ื ื™ื›ืจื• ื›ืœ ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื”ื•ืชื• ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช. ืœื ื”ืชื’ื“ืœ ื•ืœื ื”ืชื ืฉื ืขืœ ืื™ืฉ ืžื™ืžื™ื• ื•ืชืžื™ื“ ‘ื”ืฆื ื™ืข ืœื›ืช’ ืžืื™ืŸ ื›ืžื•ื”ื•.

ื”ืกื‘ื ื”ืจืื” ืขืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื—ืกื ื–ื” ืœื–ื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื ื’ื•ืคื™ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืขืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื“ืจืš ืืจืฅ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื ืžื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ื”ืœื›ื”. ื‘ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื—ื™ืคืฉ ืจืง ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ื•.

…ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื ืฆืžื“ื• ืืœื™ื• ื‘ื—ื‘ืœื™ ืื”ื‘ื” ื ืืžื ื”. ื›ื•ืœื ืฉืชื• ืžืžืขื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื–ืš ื•ื”ืชืจืฉืžื• ืžืžื–ื’ื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื”ืžืชื•ืงื ื™ื… ื ื—ื‘ื ืืœ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ืœื ื—ืคืฅ ืœื”ืชื ืฉืื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืฅ, ืืฃ ืœื ืœื”ื™ืงืจื ื‘ืฉื “ืžื ื”ืœืด, ืื ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ืžื™ื™ืกื“ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ืžื ื”ืœื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื, ื•ื›ืœ ืžืขื™ื™ื ื™ื• ื”ื™ื• ืœื—ื ืš ื•ืœืจื•ืžื ืขื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื ื•ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ื•ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ื ื‘ืจืืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ื•ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืคืจืฉ ืœืงืจืŸ ื–ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ืžื•ืคืชื™ืช.

ืจืง ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื™ื“ืขื• ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืชื• ื•ืคืจื™ืฉื•ืชื• ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ืขืœื™ื• ื›ืขืœ ืื—ื“ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื•ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ืฉื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื’ื ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ื‘ื”ื ืืช ืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ื‘ืžื•ืกืจ ื•ืžืื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื”… ื–ื›ื” ืœืžื“ืจื’ื” ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื ืข ืœื›ืช ืžืื™ืŸ ื›ืžื•ื”ื• ื’ื ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ืœื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืžื•ืกืจ. ื›ื™ ื”ืœื ืืฃ ืœืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืœื ื ื™ืชื ื” ื”ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ื•ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ื•ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื–ื• ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืกืœื‘ื•ื“ืงื”.

ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ื”ืชื ื”ื’ ืขืžื”ื ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ืขื ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื•. ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื–ืจืง ืžืจื” ื‘ื”ื ื›ืฉื”ืฉืขื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื›ืš ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช, ืกื‘ืœ ืืช ืกื‘ืœื ื•ื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืฆืขืจื ืชืžื™ื“, ื•ืœื ืคืขื ื”ืจื˜ื™ื‘ ื‘ื“ืžืขื•ืชื™ื• ืืช ื›ืจื™ ืžื™ื˜ืชื• ื‘ื“ืื’ื• ืœื’ื•ืจืœื ื›ืฉื ืงืจืื• ืœืฆื‘ื ืื• ื‘ืžืงืจื™ ืžื—ืœื”.

ื”ืฉืชื“ืœ ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืื•ื“ื• ืœื”ื˜ื™ื‘ ืœื–ื•ืœืช, ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืจื—ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืœ ื•ื ืขื ื”, ื•ื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ืžืฆื•ื. ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ: ื”ื—ืกื“ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืขื•, ื”ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ื”ื ื•ืชืŸ ื•ื”ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ื”ืžืงื‘ืœ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืกื“ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืื™ื ื• ื›ืš, ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืชื›ืœื™ืช, ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉื™ื›ื•ื•ื ื• ื›ื•ืœื ืืช ืœื‘ื ืœืฉืžื™ื.

…ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื ื˜ื™ื™ืœืชื™ ืขืžื• ื‘ื—ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ืงื•ื‘ื ื”, ื•ืคืชืื•ื ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืฉื”ืจืชื™ืข ืœืื—ื•ืจื™ื• ื›ืžื” ืคืกื™ืขื•ืช. ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ืœืกื™ื‘ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื•ื–ืจ ื–ื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืืจ ืœื™ ืฉื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืฉื—ื–ืจ ื‘ืขื’ืœืชื• ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ืžืŸ ื”ืขื™ืจ, ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื• ืœื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืข ืืžื•ืช.

ืžืชื•ืš ืžืืžืจ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื• ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืžืฉื” ืœืขืกื™ืŸ

ย ื‘ืกืคืจ “ื”ืกื‘ื ืžืกืœื‘ื•ื“ืงื””

ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืœื›ื”

Shpitzer, Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shlita

 

ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืฉืงืœื™ื

ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ื ื•ืงื˜ื ื™ื

ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืง”ื” ื•ื‘ืจื˜ื ื•ืจื ืฉืงืœื™ื ืค”ื ืž”ื’ ื›’ ืจืง ืžื‘ืŸ ื›’, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืคื™ื”ืž”ืฉ ืฉื ื•ืจืžื‘”ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื›’ ืžื‘ืŸ ื™”ื’. ื•ืข”ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ื™”ื˜ ื“ืžื—’ ืื™ ืคืกื•ืง ื™”ื’ ื‘ืื“ื ื™ื ื•ืคืกื•ืง ื™”ื“ ืœืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื™ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื™”ื“ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืžื‘ืŸ ื›’, ืื• ืื™ืคื›ื.

ื•ืข’ ืฉืขื””ืž ืจื™ืฉ ืฉืงืœื™ื ืฉื”ืง’ ืœืจืžื‘”ื ื•ืจืžื‘”ืŸ ื•ื›ื•ืœื ืฉืฉืงืœื• (ืงื˜ืŸ) ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžื™ื“ื, ื•ื”ืจื™ ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ื ืœื• ืœื”ืงื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื™ ื‘ื ืžืฉืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“. ื•ืชื™’ ื“ืžื””ืช ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ. ื•ืข”ืฉ ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ืง’ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื“ืžื””ืช ืืกื•ืจ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”. ื•ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืง’ ื“ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ืชืŸ ื“ื™ื ื™ื ื›ืž”ืฉ ืขื•ื ื’ ื™ื•”ื˜. ื•ื™”ืœ ื“ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื™ ื”ืคืงืจ, ื•ื–ื•ื›ื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื”ืคืงืจ. ื•ืื‘ื ื™”ืž ื›”ื— ืœ”ื’ ื”ืง’ ืขืœ ืฉืขื””ืž ื“ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื” ืœ”ื— ืข”ื‘ ืžืžื•ื ื ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ืœ. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืคื™’ ื”ืื‘ื ื™”ืž ื•ืงืฆื•ืช ืจืœ”ื” ื“’ ื“”ื” ืืžื ื, ื“ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื“ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืฉืฉืงืœื• ื”ื•ื ืื—ืจ ืชืงื ื” ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื“ืคืขื•ื˜ื•ืช, ื•ืงื ื™ืŸ ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืžื”ื ื™ ืœื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื.

ื”ื˜ืขื ื“ื ืฉื™ื ืคื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืฉืงืœื™ื (ื›’ ืจืข”ื‘ ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืื™ืฉ ื›ื•ืคืจ ื ืคืฉื•), ื•ื›’ ื‘ืงืจื™ืช ืกืคืจ ื“ื”ื•ื™ ืž”ืข ืฉื”ื–”ื’ ื•ื›”ื› ืžืื™ืจื™ ืค”ื ื“ืฉืงืœื™ื (ืขืž’ ื ”ื”) ื“ืคื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื ืž”ืข ืฉื”ื–”ื’. ื•ืข’ ืฉืขื””ืž ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืœ’ ืžื™ืœื” ื•ืžื ”ื— ืง”ื” ื“ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืจืžื ื•ื›ืŸ ืืžื‘ื•ื”ื ื“ืกืคืจื™ ื—”ื‘ ืขืž’ ืงื ”ื– ื”ืง’ ืขืœ ืžื‘ื™”ื˜ ืืžืื™ ื”ื•ื™ ืžืขืฉื”ื–”ื’. ื•ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื”ื•ื ืž”ืข ืฉื”ื–”ื’, (ื•ืœื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช), ื›’ ื‘ืžืจืื” ืืฉ ืขืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืžื›ืคืจ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืคืจื” ืืœื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื›ืขืจื›ื™ืŸ ื™”ื, (ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื‘”ืง ืง”ื™ ื’ื–ืœ ื”ื’ืจ ืฉื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื• ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืœื ื™ืฆื). ื•ืข’ ืฉืงืœ ื”ืงื“ืฉ ืžื”ื’ืจื—”ืง ืค”ื ืžืฉืงืœื™ื ื””ื–.

ื‘ืจืข”ื ืกื™’ ื˜’ ื›ืชื‘ ื“ื ืฉื™ื ืคื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืžื•ืกืฃ, ื•ืขืžื•ื“ื™ ืื•ืจ ื–’ ื—ื•ืœืง ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืคืจื” ื•ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ืŸ. (ื•ืข’ ืื’ื•ืจ ื•ืžื”ืจื™”ืœ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื“ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื•ืžืจ ืค’ ืชืžื™ื“ ื›ืžื• ื‘ืชืคืœื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืชืคืœื” ืžืฉื•ื ืจื—ืžื™ ื ื™ื ื”ื• ืื• ื“ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื—ืœืง ื‘ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ ืืฃ ื“ืื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจืžื•ืช, ื•ืข’ ืขืžื•ื“ื™ ืื•ืจ ื”ื ”ืœ).

ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืชืžื™ืžื” ืคืจืฉืช ื›ื™ ืชืฉื ื”ืง’ ืœืคื™ ืจืข”ื ื“ื ืฉื™ื ืคื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืžื•ืกืฃ, ื”ื› ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ื‘ืจื˜ื ื•ืจื ื””ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื‘ืŸ ื›’ ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื•ืกืฃ ื•ืื™ืš ืžืชืคืœืœ ื›ืฉ”ืฅ. ื•ืข’ ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื—ื™”ื ื’ ื‘ืจื™ืฉ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ื—ื•ืžืจื ื–ื• ืžืฉื•”ืช ืฉืขืจื™ ื“ืขื” ื—”ื ื™”ื–, ื•ื‘ืก’ ื—ื™ื ื ื“ื—ื™ื™. (ื•ื›”ื– ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื‘ืŸ ื›’, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื‘ืŸ ืก’, ื•ืขืžืฉ”ื› ื‘ืค’ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืื•ื””ื— ื•ืื‘ืจื‘ื ืืœ). ื•ืข”ืฉ ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืฉืžื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื”ืžื ื”ื’.

ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช ื’ืžื™ืœื•ืช ื—ืกื“ื™ื

Partzovitz, Hagaon Harav Refoel Shlita

ืคืจืง ื›”ื‘ ืคืกื•ืง ื›”ื“, “ืื ื›ืกืฃ ืชืœื•ื” ืืช ืขืžื™ ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ ืขืžืš ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื›ื ื•ืฉื” ืœื ืชืฉื™ืžื•ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื ืฉืš”, ื•ืฆ”ื‘ ื“ืž”ื˜ ืกืžื›ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืจื‘ื™ืช ืœื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืœื”ืœื•ื•ืช ืฉืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง, ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ”ื™ ื“ื›ืœ ืื ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืจืฉื•ืช, ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื’’ ื•ื–ื” ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื, ืขื›”ืœ.

ื•ื ืจืื” ื“ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืจืžื– ื“ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื’ืž”ื— ืœื ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ืื ืœื•ืงื— ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ “ืื ื›ืกืฃ ืชืœื•ื””, ืฉืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืžื•ืชื ื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืœื ื™ืงื— ืจื‘ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืจื‘ื™ืช ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื”, ื“ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืœื•ื” ื‘ืจื‘ื™ืช, ื”ืื ื”ื•ื™ ื–ื” ืจืง ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจื”, ืื• ื“ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ื›ืœืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื’ืž”ื—.

ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื“ื ืชื™ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืืื–ืžื•”ืจ [ื”.ื”: ืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ื ื—ื•ื ืคืจืฆื•ื‘ื™ืฅ’] ื–ืฆ”ืœ, ื•ืืžืจ ืœื™ ืฉื“ื•ืžื” ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื ื“ื•ืŸ ื”ืื ืžื—ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื—”ื• ืฉืžืขืฉืŸ ืกื’ืจื™ื”, ืžืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขื•ื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื”ื•ื™ ืจืง ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจื”, ืื• ื“ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ื›ืœืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื”, ืขื›”ื“.

ื•ื ืจืื” ื“ืื›ืŸ ืžืœื•ื” ื‘ืจื‘ื™ืช ืœื ืžืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ืช ื’ืž”ื—, ื“ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื™ ื–ื” ื›ืขื•ืฉื” ืขืกืง ืขื ืžืขื•ืชื™ื• ืœื”ืจื•ื™ื—, ื•ืืฃ ืฉืื™ื“ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื–ื” ื•ื ื”ื ื” ืžื”ื”ืœื•ืื”, ืืš ื”ืžืœื•ื” ืœื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื’ื•ืžืœ ื—ืกื“, ื“ื—ืกื“ ืžื”ื•ืชื• ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ื•ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื™ ื–ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืœืขืฆืžื•. ื•ืœื“ืจืš ื–ื• ืœื ื“ื•ืžื” ื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื—”ื•, ื“ืฉื ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื“ื”ื•ื™ ื‘ืื” ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจื”, ืืš ื›ืืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื›ืœืœ ืžืขืฉื” ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื—ืกื“.

ื•ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžื’ืž’ ื‘”ืž (ืจื™ืฉ ื“ืฃ ืค”ื‘ ืข”ื‘), ื“ืื™ืชื ืฉื ื‘ืžืœื•ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžืฉื›ื•ืŸ ืงืžื™ืคืœื’ื™, ืžืจ ืกื‘ืจ ืžืฆื•ื” ืงื ืขื‘ื™ื“ ืฉื”ืœื•ื”ื• ื•ื”ื•ื™ ืฉื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ืจ, ื•ืžืจ ืกื‘ืจ ืœืื• ืžืฆื•ื” ืงื ืขื‘ื™ื“, ืฉืœื”ื ืืชื• ืžืชื›ื•ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื™ ืฉื•ืžืจ ื—ื™ื ื. ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื›ืืŸ, ื“ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉืžืœื•ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื›ื•ืŸ ืžืชื›ื•ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืืชื• ื”ืจื™ ืœื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื“ืžืฆื•ื” ืงืขื‘ื™ื“, ื•ื–ื”ื• ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื• ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืœื•ื” ืœื”ื ืืชื• ืœื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืฆื•ืช ื—ืกื“.

ื•ืขืค”ื™ ื–ื” ื™ืชื‘ืืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื, “ืžื” ื“’ ืืœื•ืงื™ืš ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืžืขืžืš ื›ื™ ืื ืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ืื”ื‘ืช ื—ืกื“ ื•ื”ืฆื ืข ืœื›ืช ืขื ืืœื•ืงื™ืš”, ื•ืฆ”ื‘ ื“ืžื” ื˜ืขื ื ื–ื›ืจ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืื”ื‘ืช ื—ืกื“, ื”ืจื™ ืื”ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื“ืจื’ื ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื”, ื•ื”ื› ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืฉื•ืช ื—ืกื“, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜, ื•ืžื”ื™ ื”ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืขืœ ืื”ื‘ืช ื—ืกื“. ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ืื›ืŸ ื—ืกื“ ืœืœื ืื”ื‘ื” ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืช, ืื–ื™ ื—ืกืจ ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ื—ืกื“ ื•ืœื ืจืง ืฉื—ืกืจ ื“ืจื’ืช ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืื”ื‘ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื“ื’ืฉ ืื”ื‘ืช ื—ืกื“.

ื•ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืœืฉืขืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื, ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉื ืœืขื•ืจืจ ื›ืžื” ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื•ืจื, ื“ื”ืจื™ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘, ื•ืืฃ ื“ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื”ื ื”ื ื‘ื—ืœืงื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืขืฆืžื ื•ืœืชื•ืขืœืช ืขืฆืžื, ื•ืืขืค”ื› ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ืื ื• ื‘ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘, ื›”ืฉ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื“’ ื“ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื›ื™ ืื ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ื” ืœื‘ืจื™ื•ืชื™ื•, ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืื ื• ื‘ื”ื›ืจืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื”, ื•ื™ืขื•”ืฉ.

ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ืžืฆื•ืช ื—ืกื“ ื”ื ืœืžื“ืช ืž”ื•ื”ืœื›ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื•” – ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืžืœ ื—ืกื“ื™ื ืืฃ ืืชื” ื’ื•ืžืœ ื—ืกื“ื™ื, ื™ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื” ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื—ืกื“ ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ื›ืžื• ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ื”ืงื‘”ื”, ื“ื‘ื–ื” ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื•. ืืš ืื ื™ืขืฉื” ื—ืกื“ ืฉืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืขืฆืžื•, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื•. ื•ื–ื”ื• ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื• ื“ื—ืกืจ ื‘ื—ืกื“ ืื ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ื—ืกื“ ืจืง ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืœื–ื•ืœืช.

ื•ื‘ืฉื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื•ืกืจ ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉืืžืจื•, ืฉื›ืœ ื—ื ื•ื•ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœ ื—ืกื“, ืื ืจืง ืชื”ื™ื” ืžื˜ืจืชื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืขื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืœืกืคืง ืฆืจื›ื™ื”ื, ื•ืžื” ืฉืœื ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ื” ื‘ื—ื ื, ื–ื”ื• ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื—ืกื“ ืื ืœื ื™ืชืคืจื ืก, ื“ื”ืจื™ ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืจืขื‘. ื•ืžื” ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื—ื ื•ื•ื ื™ ืœื‘ืขืœ ื—ืกื“, ื•ืืฃ ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืืฃ ืฉืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœื•, ื–ื”ื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื• ืœื”ืจื•ื™ื— ื‘ืขืกืง ื–ื”, ืข”ื™ ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืืŸ ืžืขืฉื” ื—ืกื“, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืขื•ืฉื” ื—ืกื“ ื›ื™ ืื ืขื•ืฉื” ืขืกืงื™ื, ื•ื–ื”ื• ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจืŸ ืฉื”ืขื•ืฉื” ื—ืกื“ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื”ืจื•ื™ื— ืœื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืขื•ืฉื” ื—ืกื“. ื•ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืœื”ื™ืคืš, ื“ื—ื ื•ื•ื ื™ ืฉืžื•ื›ืจ ืœื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื•ืžืจื•ื™ื—, ืืš ืžื˜ืจืช ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื”ื ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืœื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื, ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืขื•ืฉื” ื—ืกื“.

ย 
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ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœืื“ื ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืขื™ืœ ืœืื—ืจื™ื
 

ืคืจืง ื›”ื‘ ืคืกื•ืง ื›”ื”-ื›”ื•, “ืื ื—ื‘ื•ืœ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืœืžืช ืจืขืš ืขื“ ื‘ื ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืชืฉื™ื‘ื ื• ืœื•, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ื›ืกื•ืชื• ืœื‘ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืžืœืชื• ืœืขื•ืจื•, ื‘ืžื” ื™ืฉื›ื‘, ื•ื”ื™ื” ื›ื™ ื™ืฆืขืง ืืœื™ ื•ืฉืžืขืชื™ ื›ื™ ื—ื ื•ืŸ ืื ื™”. ื•ื‘ืคื™’ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื ื• ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื–”ืœ: “ืืข”ืค ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฆืขื•ืง ืขืœื™ืš ื—ืžืก ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืš, ืž”ืž ื›ืฉื™ืฆืขืง ืืœื™ ืขืœ ืขื ื™ื•ืชื• ื”ื’ื•ืจื ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืจื•ื ื‘ืœื™ ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ืš, ืืชืŸ ืœื• ืงืฆืช ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ื•ื ืŸ ืื•ืชืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืงืš ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืคืจื ืก ื‘ื• ืื—ืจื™ื, ื›ื™ ื—ื ื•ืŸ ืื ื™, ื•ื”ื ื ื™ ื—ื•ื ืŸ ื›ืœ ืฆื•ืขืง ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื—ื•ื ืŸ ืื—ืจ ื–ื•ืœืชื™, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืš ืฉืืชื” ืชื—ื ื”ื• ื‘ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื˜, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ืชืžื™ื“ ืœืš ื”ื—ืŸ ืžืืชื™, ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืืชื” ืœื”ืœื•ื•ืช ื•ืœืคืจื ืก ืื—ืจื™ื”, ืขื›”ืœ.

ื•ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืกืคื•ืจื ื•, ืฉื”ื•ืงืฉื” ืœื• ืžื” ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฆืขืง ื•ืืฉืžืข ืฆืขืงืชื•, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ื™ืชืœื•ื ืŸ, ื•ืข”ื– ื›ืชื‘ ื“ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆืขืง ืขืœ ืขื ื™ื•ืชื•, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืžืชื•ืš ืฆืขืงืชื• ื™ื•ืฆื ืฉืœื ืขืฉื™ืช ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ืš ื›ืจืื•ื™, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื ืชืชื™ ืœืš ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืจื ืก ืืช ื”ืขื ื™, ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ืขืฉื™ืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ืš ื›ืจืื•ื™, ืื–ื™ ื™ื˜ืœื• ืžืžืš ืงืฆืช ืžืขืฉื™ืจื•ืชืš ื•ื™ืชื ื• ืœื•. ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื›ืืŸ, ื“ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ื“ื™ ืกื™ืคื•ืงื•, ื”ื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืขื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื•ืื ืœื ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื•, ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื˜ืœื• ืžืžื ื• ืืช ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืชื• ื•ื™ืชื ื• ืœืื—ืจ.

ื•ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื–ื” ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืื•ื””ื— ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืคืกื•ืง “ืื ื›ืกืฃ ืชืœื•ื” ืืช ืขืžื™ ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ ืขืžืš”, ื•ื–”ืœ ื‘ืชื•”ื“: “ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจื• ืื ื›ืกืฃ ืชืœื•ื” ืืช ืขืžื™, ืคื™’ ืื ืจืื™ืช ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœืš ื›ืกืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฆืžืš, ืฉืืชื” ืžืœื•ื” ืœืขื ื™, ืชื“ืข ืœืš ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื—ืœืง ื”ืžื’ื™ืขืš, ืืœื ื—ืœืง ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืขื ื™ ืขืžืš, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืจืžื– ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคืชื•ื— ืœื• ืžืฉืœื•, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื›ื™ ืจืžื– ืœื• ื’”ื› ืฉืœื ื™ืชื ืฉื ื•ื™ืชื’ื“ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืขื ื™ ื‘ืจืื•ืชื• ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจื• ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื›ื ื•ืฉื” ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื ืฉื™ืื•ืช ื•ืžืขืœื”, ื›ื™ ืžืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื•”, ืขื›”ืœ. ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื• ืœืื“ื ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื•ื ื›ื’ื–ื‘ืจ ืœืคืจื ืก ืื—ืจื™ื ืžืฉืœื”ื, ื•ื–ื”ื• ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ืœื”ืชื ืฉื ืขืœ ื”ืขื ื™.

ื•ืœืคื™ ืžืฉ”ื  ื™ืชื‘ืืจื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ (ื•ื™ืง”ืจ ืคืจืฉื” ืœ”ื“ ืื•ืช ื“’), ื•ื–”ืœ: “ืขืฉื™ืจ ื•ืจืฉ ื ืคื’ืฉื•, ืขืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืจืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืืžืจ ืื•ืชื• ืจืฉ ืœืื•ืชื• ืขืฉื™ืจ, ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื™ ืคืจืง ืื—ื“ ื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื”ื•, ืืžืจ ืœื• ืžื” ืื ื ื‘ืขื™ ืžื™ืชื‘ ื•ืžืชื ื™ืชืš ื‘ืžืฉืงื™ืŸ ืื• ื‘ืžืื™ืžืชื™, ืงืจื™ ื•ืชื ื™ ืขื ื“ื›ื•ื•ืชืš, ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ื•ืœื ื“’, ืžื™ ืฉืขืฉื” ืœื–ื” ื—ื›ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืชื• ื˜ื™ืคืฉ, ื•ืžื™ ืฉืขืฉื” ืœื–ื” ื˜ื™ืคืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืชื• ื—ื›ื”, ืขื›”ืœ. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืžืกืจื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืœืขื ื™ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืœื• ืœืš ื•ืœืžื“ ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจืžื” ืฉืœืš, ืข”ื– ื ืืžืจ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืชื• ืจืฉ. ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ืœื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื›ื“ืืžืจืŸ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ื”ืื“ื ื—ื›ืžื”, ื”ื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืขื™ืœ ืœืื—ืจื™ื, ื•ื›ืฉืžืกืจื‘ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ, ืื–ื™ ืชื ื˜ืœ ืžืžื ื• ื”ื—ื›ืžื”, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื” ืœื–ื” ืขืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืœืžื“ ืœืื—ืจื™ื, ื•ื›ืฉืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื•, ืื–ื™ ื™ืœืงื— ืžืžื ื• ืžื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•, ื•ื–ื”ื• ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ืžืฉ”ื› ื‘ืกืคื•ืจื ื• ื”ื ”ืœ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื˜.

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Wahrsager, Harav Hagaon Meir Shlita

Pedestrian Pathways to Piety

Parashas Mishpatim

Harav Hagaon Meir Wahrsager Shlita

 

In Parashas Mishpatim we find what one might refer to as the Torahโ€™s civil law. These halachos govern bein adam lโ€™chaveiro primarily; indeed, the bulk of Bava Kamma and Bava Metzia are based on Parashas Mishpatim.

Right at the beginning of the parashah, Rashi cites Chazalโ€™s statement that the vav in ื•ืืœื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื teaches that what follows is a continuation of the events of the previous parashah, namely Mattan Torah and the Aseres Hadibros: ืžื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืกื™ื ื™ ืืฃ ืืœื• ืžืกื™ื ื™.

Chazal here are emphasizing a fundamental tenet of Yiddishkeit. One might think that these dinim of bein adam lโ€™chaveiro that regulate our dealings with other people are mundane, devoid of loftiness or Godliness. The passuk is telling us otherwise. In Yiddishkeit, our mundane dealings with other people is also Divine, also from Sinai. As Chazal say (Bava Kamma 30): ืžืืŸ ื“ื‘ืขื™ ืœืžื”ื•ื™ ื—ืกื™ื“ื ืœืงื™ื™ื ืžื™ืœื™ ื“ื ื–ื™ืงื™ืŸ โ€“ piety comes from observing the laws of damages.

At first glance, the halachos in Parashas Mishpatim seem somewhat mundane. But each halachah has a depth that is meant to bring out greatness in a person.

The Rambam, in the last halachah in Temurah, states that most of the Torahโ€™s laws are intended to rectify our middos and correct our actions. In his words: ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ื ืŸ ืืœื ืขืฆื•ืช ืžืจื—ื•ืง ืžื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืขืฆื” ืœืชืงืŸ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื•ืœื™ื™ืฉืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื.

The halachos of the Torah are there to sensitize us, to develop us into straight, complete human beings. Let us take two examples of halachos in this weekโ€™s parashah and see how they accomplish that.

Equal to the Eved

The first topic discussed in the parashah is that of eved Ivri. The Gemara (Kiddushin 22) gives a fascinating perspective on eved Ivri: ื›ืœ ื”ืงื•ื ื” ืขื‘ื“ ืขื‘ืจื™ ื›ืงื•ื ื” ืื“ื•ืŸ ืœืขืฆืžื•. The master becomes the slave.

Why is that? Itโ€™s based on a halachah regarding the eved nirtza, which is mentioned in Parashas Mishpatim, where the passuk tells us that as part of extending his term of servitude, the eved Ivri has to say: ืึธื”ึทื‘ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึถืช ืึฒื“ึนื ึดื™, I love my master. In Parashas Reeh, the Torah adds that an eved Ivri has to feel that he is being treated well by his master, as the passuk states: ื›ึผึดื™ ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ืœื•ึน ืขึดืžึผึธืšึฐ. From those words the Gemara derives that there must be equality between the master and the servant; he has to be treated like an equal. If you own a slave, you have to offer him the same quality bread as you eat, the same quality wine you drink, and the same quality pillow you sleep on. If youโ€™re sleeping on a soft pillow, you canโ€™t let him sleep on straw. Accordingly, if you have only one pillow, you canโ€™t use it! You have to either find another pillow for your eved, or you have to sleep without one; no one can use this pillow.

There seems to be a machlokes among the Rishonim whether this is meant literally. The Ritva (ibid) says that you donโ€™t actually have to equate the eved to you; rather, you canโ€™t treat him in a lowly manner, like an eved Knaani. You have to treat him with respect. The Rambam (1:9), however, understands the Gemara literally, and rules that you actually have to equate the eved to you.

How do we understand this? Surely, a master has to treat a Jewish slave kindly, as per the mitzvah of: ื•ึฐืึธื”ึทื‘ึฐืชึผึธ ืœึฐืจึตืขึฒืšึธ ื›ึผึธืžื•ึนืšึธ, but why should the slaveโ€™s needs take precedence over the masterโ€™s? Donโ€™t we have a principle of ื—ื™ื™ืš ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื? We could understand that if you have two pillows you should give him one, but how does it make any sense that if you have one pillow you canโ€™t use it? Why do you have to lose out because of him?

The Torah is seeking to help us refine our middos. In truth, the eved is not equal to you, and he knows it. If you would have one pillow and you would use it, how would the eved interpret that? Put yourself in his shoes: he naturally feels at a disadvantage. If you take the one pillow, the eved wonโ€™t think, โ€œOh, he took the pillow for himself because he has only one pillow.โ€ Rather, he will tell himself, โ€œHe took the pillow for himself because Iโ€™m the eved.โ€

If you, the master, donโ€™t get the pillow, youโ€™ll know itโ€™s not because you are inferior. But if the eved doesnโ€™t get the pillow, heโ€™s going to interpret it as a testament to his inferior status.

We see to what extent the Torah obligates us to think about the other person. And this is a lesson for life. You might say, โ€œOkay, I have to understand the other personโ€™s perspective, but thatโ€™s only when itโ€™s a fair perspective, coming from his culture or background. But if someone has a chip on his shoulder, Iโ€™m responsible to try and understand his complexes?โ€

The answer is yes. The Torah expects us to equate ourselves to another person and crawl into his world: if in his world he feels inferior, we have to adjust our behavior accordingly. This sensitivity isnโ€™t just a nice madreigah โ€“ itโ€™s an obligation, as we learn from the fact that the eved Ivri has to feel ื›ึผึดื™ ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ืœื•ึน ืขึดืžึผึธืšึฐ.

We often meet people who are in an inferior state, for various reasons. We have to try to step into their shoes and determine what they might be sensitive to and how they might react to different situations.

Donโ€™t Be an Overlord

Another example of how a halachah in this weekโ€™s parashah refines us and straightens our behavior can be inferred from the Torahโ€™s directive regarding loans.

The Torah adds two prohibitions to the mitzvah of lending money: ืœึนื ืชึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœื•ึน ื›ึผึฐื ืฉืึถื” ืœึนื ืชึฐืฉื‚ึดื™ืžื•ึผืŸ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื ึถืฉืึถืšึฐ. If you know the borrower canโ€™t pay you back, youโ€™re not supposed to appear to him like a creditor by reminding him that he owes you money, because then he feels attacked. But whatโ€™s the connection between that prohibition and the prohibition of ribbis that immediately follows it?

The Ramban offers a profound insight into this juxtaposition. The objective of ืœึนื ืชึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœื•ึน ื›ึผึฐื ืฉืึถื”, he explains, is that the lender is not supposed to lord over the borrower. The passuk tells us that a borrower naturally feels subjugated to the lender: ื•ึฐืขึถื‘ึถื“ ืœื•ึนึถื” ืœึฐืึดื™ืฉื ืžึทืœึฐื•ึถื”.

The lender is forbidden to reinforce that perception by acting as though he controls the borrower. Rather, he should equate himself to the borrower and avoid showing any superiority over him.

This idea, continues the Ramban, sheds new light onto the concept of ribbis. One would think that charging interest on a loan would be perfectly understandable, as you are doing a service to the borrower by lending him money, and he is paying you for this service. That perspective is an outgrowth of viewing your money as your own: I lent it to him, I did him a service, I have a certain superiority over him, Iโ€™m entitled to charge him โ€œrentโ€ for using my money. If, however, you view your money as a deposit from Hakadosh Baruch Hu, you understand that you really are not the owner of your money; youโ€™re merely Hashemโ€™s messenger, and you have a responsibility to use that money to help others.

Viewed from this standpoint, taking ribbis is a grave sin. In truth, the borrower doesnโ€™t owe you anything. Rav Yitzchak of Volozhinย  writes in the introduction to his fatherโ€™s Nefesh Hachaim that his father, Rav Chaim Volozhiner, always told him that a person is not created for himself, but rather for others.

You think youโ€™re the balebos of your money? You think you have the right to demand ribbis? Youโ€™re not a balebos at all! You have the zechus to do chessed. You have the zechus to service the borrower by lending him money. If you view the situation that way, youโ€™ll realize that youโ€™re not a balebos, and you will neither behave like a creditor nor charge ribbis: ืœึนื ืชึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœื•ึน ื›ึผึฐื ืฉืึถื” ืœึนื ืชึฐืฉื‚ึดื™ืžื•ึผืŸ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื ึถืฉืึถืšึฐ.

 

By fulfilling these and the other mishpatim, we train ourselves to become aืžึทืžึฐืœึถื›ึถืช ื›ึผึนื”ึฒื ึดื™ื ื•ึฐื’ื•ึนื™ ืงึธื“ื•ึนืฉื. Achieving holiness isnโ€™t something that happens only at Har Sinai, only in the beis midrash or in shul, only when weโ€™re putting on tefillin and tzitzis. Fulfilling the Torahโ€™s obligations of bein adam lโ€™chaveiro is the ultimate way to refine our middos and fulfill Hashemโ€™s plan for turning us into complete, holy human beings.

Gut Shabbos.

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