BereishisLech Lecha

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•

Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Nosson Tzvi Finkel ztโ€l

ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืืœื™ื• ืื ื™ ื•ื’ื•’ ื”ืชื”ืœืš ืœืคื ื™ ื•ื”ื™ื” ืชืžื™ื (ื™ื–,ื)
ื‘ืกืคื•ืจื ื•: ื”ื™ื” ืชืžื™ื – ืงื ื” ื”ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™.

ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื (ื™ื—,ื™ื’): “ืชืžื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ืขื ื”’ ืืœื•ืงื™ืš” ื•ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื: “ืฉืœื™ื ืชื”ื™ ื‘ื“ื—ืœืชื ื“ื”’ ืืœื•ืงืš”.

ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืจ”ืฉ ื•ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”’, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชืžื™ื. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื• ‘ืฉืœืžื•ืช’. ืื™ืš ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืฉืœืžื•ืช? ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื (ื™ื˜,ื—) “ืชื•ืจืช ื”’ ืชืžื™ืžื””, ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืžื™ืžื•ืช, ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉืœืžื•ืช.

ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืฉื ื™ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื: ื. ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืœืฉืœืžื•ืช. ื‘. ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืช – ื‘ืชืžื™ืžื•ืช, ื›ืžืฉ”ื› (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงื™ื˜,ืค) “ื™ื”ื™ ืœื‘ื™ ืชืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืงื™ืš ืœืžืขืŸ ืœื ืื‘ื•ืฉ”, ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื‘’ืชืžื™ืžื•ืช’ ืœืžืขืŸ ืชื”ื™ื” ืชื•ืจืชื• ืฉืœื™ืžื” ื•ืœื ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ.

ืืžืจื• ื—ื–”ืœ (ืื‘ื•ืช ื,ื˜ื•) “ืขืฉื” ืชื•ืจืชืš ืงื‘ืข”, ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื–ื” ืข”ืค ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื”,ื›ื–): “ื•ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื™ืฉ ืชื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืื”ืœื™ื”. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื” ‘ืื™ืฉ ืชื’ ื”ื™ื” ‘ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืื”ืœื™ื’ โ€“ ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืื”ืœ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืขืฉื• ื”ื™ื” ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื‘ืœื™ ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช.

ืฉืชื™ ืžืขืœื•ืช ืืœื• ื ืฆืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”: ื. ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ‘ืื™ืฉ ืชื’ – ืฉื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืช. ื‘. ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ‘ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืื”ืœื™ื’ – ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืชื•ืจืชื• ืงื‘ืข. ื•ื”ื ื‘ื”ื ืชืœื™ื, ื‘ืœื™ ืžืขืœืช ื”’ืชื’ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ‘ืงื‘ืข’, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื• ื‘ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ื›ืจืื•ื™ ืœื ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื™ืงืจ ื—ื™ื™ื• ื•ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืชื•. ื•ื‘ืœื™ ืžืขืœืช ื”ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืช, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืชื•ืจืชื• ืขืจืื™ ื•ืœื ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืชืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืช.

ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื (ืคื“,ื”) “ืืฉืจื™ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ืชืš” – ื”ืžืื•ืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”’, ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช, ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืงื ื•ืช ืงื ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื

Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Nosson Tzvi Finkel ztโ€l

ืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ื ืชืŸ ืฆื‘ื™ ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ
ื™”ื ื‘ืžืจื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืข”ื‘
ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชืŸ ืฆื‘ื™ ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื”
ื™ื“ืข ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื˜ื™ื‘ื• ื•ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืขืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืจ. ื›ืš ืžืฆื ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ื›ืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืฉื™ืžืฆื” ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช. ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชื• ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืœืžื“ื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ืขื™”ื– ื”ืชืขืœื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื™ืจ”ืฉ.

ื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ื–ืืช ื”ื’”ืจ ืฆื‘ื™ ื—ืฉื™ืŸ ืฉืœื™ื˜”ื: ืื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจื””ื™ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•, ื”ื™ื• ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื™ืจื•ื“, ืœืื—ืจ ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื”ืชื—ื–ืง ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžืจื””ื™ ืฉื™ืœืžื“ ืื™ืชื• ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื. ืžืจืŸ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ืงื‘ืข ืื™ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืงืฆืจ.

ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื›ืจื™ื– ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืœืžื‘ืฆืข ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื™”ื‘ ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืžืžื”, ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ื ืจืฉืžื™ื ืœืจื””ื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื• ืขื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื—ื•ืจ. ืคื ื” ืืœื™ื• ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ืฉืืœ: ื•ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืืชื” ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžื”? ืฆื—ืง ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื•ืืžืจ: ืžื” ื–ื” ืฉื™ื™ืš ืืœื™? ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืขื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืจื” ืœื• ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืœืจืฉื•ื ืืช ืฉืžื• ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžื”. ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื•ืคืชืข ืžืื•ื“. ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื” ืœืžื“ ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ืฉืขื”-ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื. ืื•ืœื, ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื•ืจืืช ืžืจืŸ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื ืกื•ืช. ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ืžืฉื™ืžืชื•, ืืš ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ืชืขื™ื™ืฃ ื•ืฉื›ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื˜ืชื• ื‘ืฉืขืช ืœื™ืœื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช, ืชื•ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ืกื” ื‘ื›ื— ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ื™”ื‘ ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš, ืืš ื”ื•ื ื ืจื“ื.

ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื”ืฉื›ื ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ื›ืฉื”ืกืคืจ ื‘ื™ื“ื•, ื‘ื–ืจื™ื–ื•ืช ื ื˜ืœ ืืช ื™ื“ื™ื• ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืฉืขื” ืืจื•ื›ื”. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ืžื‘ืœื™ ืžืฉื™ื ืœืฉืขื” ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช, ืจืฅ ืœื‘ื™ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื•.

ืจื””ื™ ื”ืชืจื’ืฉ ืขื“ ืžืื•ื“, ืงื ื•ื ืฉืง ืœื• ื‘ื—ื•ื. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง ืœื™ืงืจ ื•ืฉืชื” ืื™ืชื• “ืœื—ื™ื™ื”.

ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื˜ืขื ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“. ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืจื’ืข ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื ื—ื•ืฉื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื“ืจื›ื•. ื‘ืขืžืœ ืจื‘ ืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข ืฉืœ ื™”ื‘ ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื, ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื•. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื™ืฉื, ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื›ืื‘ืจืš ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืขื“ ืฉื”ืคืš ืœืช”ื—.

ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืœื›ื”

Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shpitzer Shlita

ืœืš ืœืš

ืžืฆื™ืœ ืžื–ื•ื˜ื• ืฉืœ ื™ื

ืชืŸ ืœื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืงื— ืœืš ื•ื›ื•’ ื•ืœื ืชืืžืจ ืื ื™ ื”ืขืฉืจืชื™ ืืช ืื‘ืจื. ื‘ืื•ื””ื— ื”ืง’ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืงื— ืœืš, ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื• ืฉื”ืฆื™ืœื•. ื•ืชื™’ ื“ื‘ื‘”ืง ืงื˜”ื– ืข”ื‘ ืืžืจื• ืฉื™ื™ืจื ืฉืขืžื“ ืขืœื™ื” ื’ื™ื™ืก ื•ื˜ืจืคื” ื•ืขืžื“ ื’ ื•ื”ืฆื™ืœ, ืื ืœื ืืžืจ ืฉืžืฆื™ืœ ืœืขืฆืžื• ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ื”ืฆื™ืœ ืœืืžืฆืข (ืคื™ืจืฉ”ื™ ื›ืœ ื’ ื™ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืœื• ื•ื™ื˜ืœื ื•), ื•ื‘ื’ืž’ ืืžืจื• ื“ืื™ื™ืจื™ ื“ืืคืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืข”ื™ ื”ื“ื—ืง (ื•ืจืง ื›ืฉืืžืจ ืฉืžืฆื™ืœ ืœืขืฆืžื• ื•ืฉืชืงื•, ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื• ืฉื™ื”ื ืฉืœื•), ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื”ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ, ื–ื›ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืคืงืจ. ื•ืžืœืš ืกื“ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ื’ืื•ื” ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืข”ื™ ื”ื“ื—ืง, ื•ื”ื›ืœ ืฉืœื• ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื—ืœืง ืœื•ื˜ ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืฆื™ืœ ืœืืžืฆืข, ื•ืื‘ืจื”ื ื ืชืŸ ืžืขืฉืจ ืžื›ืœ ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื›ืœ ืฉืœื•, (ื•ื‘ืจืฉ”ื™ ืคื™’ ืฉื ืชืŸ ืžื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืœื• ื•ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ื” ืฉื ืชืŸ ืžื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืื‘ืœ ื›ืŸ ืคื™’ ื”ืื•ื””ื—), ื•ืจืื” ื›ืŸ ืžืœืš ืกื“ื•ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืžืจ ืžืœืš ืกื“ื•ื ืคืฉืจื” ื•ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืงื— ืœืš, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืื‘ืจื”ื ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ื˜ืชื•. ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืชื™’ ืฉื ื”ื ื“ื™ืืžืจ ืื ื™ ื”ืขืฉืจืชื™ ืืช ืื‘ืจื, ื•ื”ืจื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ืฆื™ืœ, ืืœื ืž”ืž ื™ื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืชืŸ ืœืื‘ืจื”ื.

ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืื•ื””ื— ืžื”ืžืฉื ื” ื”ื ”ืœ, ื”ื ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืงืฉื• ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืœืคื™ ื”ืฉื•”ืข ืฉืก”ื ื‘ืฉื ื”ืจืฉื‘”ื ื“ืžื” ืฉืœื•ืงื— ืžื”ื’ื–ืœืŸ ื‘ืข”ื› ืœื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืฉื ื•ื™ ืจืฉื•ืช. ื•ืข’ ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ืงืค”ื ื’ ื•ื–”ืœ ื”ืฆื™ืœ ืœืขืฆืžื• ืข’ ืกืž”ืข ืกืง”ื ื”ื˜ืขื ื“ืžืชื™ื™ืืฉื™ื ืžื™ื ื™ื”, ื•ืœื›ื’ ืชื™ืžื ื“ื”ื ื‘ื’ื–ืœืŸ ืœื ืžื”ื ื™ ื™ื™ืื•ืฉ ืจืง ืขื ืฉื ื•ื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื’ื–ืœืŸ ืขื›ื•”ื, ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืกื™’ ืฉืก”ื ืกืขื™ืฃ ื”’ ื“ืื ื ื˜ืœื• ืžื”ื’ื–ืœืŸ ืฉืœื ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื• ื“ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ืฉื ื•ื™ ืจืฉื•ืช (ื•ืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื›ืž”ืฉ ื‘ื‘”ื™ ื“ืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ืจืฉื‘”ื ื‘”ืง ืงื™”ื ืข”ื‘ ื‘ืฉื ื”ืจืื‘”ื“) ื•ื”ื› ื‘ืžืื™ ืงื ื” ืื•ืชื• ื›ืืŸ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืก ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืกื˜ื™ื ื“ื”ื ื‘ื‘”ืง ื“ืฃ ืงื™”ื“ ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืœืœ ื’ื™ื™ืก ื•ืœืกื˜ื™ื. ื•ื ืจืื” ื“ื’ื™ื™ืก ืฉืื ื™ ื“ื”ื•ื™ ื›ืžืฆื™ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ื ื”ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ืื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื›ืœ ืื“ื ื•ื›ื”ืคืงืจ ื’ืžื•ืจ ื”ื•ื, ื•ื”ื ื“ื‘ื‘”ืง ื“ืฃ ืงื™”ื“ ื›ืœืœ ื’ื™ื™ืก ื•ืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืกื™’ ืฉืก”ื ืื™”ื”. ื•ืื ืื—ื“ ืื™ื ื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื“ื”ื•ื™ ื™ื™ืื•ืฉ ืฉืœื ืžื“ืขืช ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื›ืืŸ, ื“ื’ื™ื™ืก ื”ื•ื™ ื›ืื‘ื“ื” ืฉืฉื˜ืคื” ื ื”ืจ ื“ืžื”ื ื™ ื‘ื™ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ืื•ืฉ ืฉืœื ืžื“ืขืช, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืข”ื™ ื”ื“ื—ืง ืฉืื™ื ื” ืื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื›ืœ ืื“ื ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ื–ื›ื” ื‘ื—ืœืง ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื›ืืŸ ืขื›”ืœ. ื•ืข’ ื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืก”ื.

ื•ืœืคื™ ื”ื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืก”ื ืฉืžื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืฉืžื™ื™ืืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ื”ื’ื™ื™ืก, ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืื•ื””ื— ื“ื˜ืขื ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื ืขืค”ื™ ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ื‘”ืง, ืœื›ื’ ืื™ื ื• ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืื“ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ืฉืœ ืกื“ื•ื ืฉืœื ื–ื›ื” ื‘ื• ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœืคื™ ื”ืจืฉื‘”ื ื•ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ. ื•ื›ืŸ ืคื™’ ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ื›ืชื ื•ืช ืื•ืจ ืขื””ืช, ื•ืื›ืž”ืœ.

ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœืžืงื•ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื”

“ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”’ ืืœืงื™ื ื‘ืžื” ืื“ืข ื›ื™ ืื™ืจืฉื ื”” (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื˜ื•, ื—). “ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ืจ”ืฉ ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ื—ืื™ ืžื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ืจื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืื“ื ืฉืงืจืื• ืœื”ืงื‘”ื” ืื“ื•ืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื‘ื ืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ืงืจืื• ืื“ื•ืŸ’. (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื–, ื‘)

‘ืชืชืŸ ืืžืช ืœื™ืขืงื‘ ื—ืกื“ ืœืื‘ืจื”ื’ (ืžื™ื›ื” ื–, ื›). ‘ืฉื›ืจ ื—ืกื“ ืืฉืจ ืœืื‘ืจื”ื, ืืฉืจ ืฆื™ื•ื” ืœื‘ื ื™ื• ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื“ืจืš ื”’ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฆื“ืงื” ื•ืžืฉืคื˜’ (ืจืฉ”ื™ ืฉื).

ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื•. ื”ื ื”, ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ืžื™ื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉืงืจืื• ืœื”ืงื‘”ื” ‘ืื“ื•ืŸ’ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืงื™ื•ื ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื”ืžืœื›ืช ื•ืื“ื ื•ืช ื”ืงื‘”ื”. ื›ืš ื’ื ื ื”ื’ ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ื•ืขืช, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื–”ืœ ืขื””ืค “ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื• ื‘ื—ืจืŸ”: “ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžื’ื™ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื›ื ื™ืกืŸ ืœืชื•ืš ื‘ื™ืชื•, ืžืื›ื™ืœืŸ, ืžืฉืงืŸ ื•ืžืงืจื‘ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”. ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืื“ื ื•ืช ื”’ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.

ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื›ื” ืžื‘ื•ืืจ, ืฉื”ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืืฆืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื—ืกื“, “ืฉื›ืจ ื—ืกื“ ืืฉืจ ืœืื‘ืจื”ื”. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืืœื• ืฉื‘ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืข”ื”, ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื—ืกื“ ื•ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื”.

ื•ื”ื ื”, ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ื—ืœืงื•ืช ืœืฉื ื™ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœืžืงื•ื ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•. ื•ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ื ืืœื•, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื ืžืงืคื™ื“ื™ื ืืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื. ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืงืคื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœืžืงื•ื ื•ืœื ืžืงืคื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•. ื•ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื”ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื™ืคืš, ืฉืžืงืคื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื• ื•ืœื ืžืงืคื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœืžืงื•ื. ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื˜ืขื•ืช ื’ืžื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉื ื” ื”ืงืคื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื™ ืฉืžืงืคื™ื“ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ืืฃ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉื ื™, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ืจืง ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืืœื ื—ืกืจ ื‘ืขืฆื ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืฉืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ืžื”. ืื“ื ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ื—ืกื“ ืื•ืœื ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœืžืงื•ื, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื—ืกืจ ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ื—ืกื“. ื•ืžื™ ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœืžืงื•ื, ืื•ืœื ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•, ื—ืกืจ ืœื• ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœืžืงื•ื, ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืžืงืคื™ื“ ืœืงื™ื™ืžืŸ ื›ื”ืœื›ืชืŸ.

ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืฉื ื™ื ื• (ืื‘ื•ืช ืค”ื’, ืž”ื™), “ื›ืœ ืฉืจื•ื— ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ื ื•ื—ื” ื”ื™ืžื ื•, ืจื•ื— ื”ืžืงื•ื ื ื•ื—ื” ื”ื™ืžื ื•”, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื“ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืื”ื•ื‘ ืœืžืงื•ื ื•ืื”ื•ื‘ ืœื‘ืจื™ื•ืช, ื•ืœื–ื” ื‘ืœื ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื•ื ื›ืœืœ. ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉืื“ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืจื•ื— ื”ืžืงื•ื ื ื•ื—ื” ื”ื™ืžื ื•, ื”ืจื™ ืœื ื—ืกืจ ืœื• ืจืง ืื™ื–ื• ืžืขืœื” ืื• ืื™ื–ื” ื—ืœืง ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืช, ืืœื ื›ืœ ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืชื• ืžืฉืชื ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืงืฆื” ืืœ ื”ืงืฆื”. “ืจื•ื— ื”ืžืงื•ื ืื™ื ื” ื ื•ื—ื” ื”ื™ืžื ื•”!

ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื• ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขืฆืžืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื

ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•, ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•, ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ื”ื™ื›ื™ ืชื™ืžืฆื™ ืœื›ื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ืงื‘”ื”. ื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื—ืกื“ ืขื ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ืขืœื™ื• ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืกืง ืจืง ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื”ื˜ื‘ื” ืœื–ื•ืœืชื•, ืืœื ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ื–ื” ืืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืžืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ “ื•ืื”ื‘ืช ืœืจืขืš ื›ืžื•ืš” (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื˜ ื™ื—). ืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื’ืžื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช ื•ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ, ื•ืœื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœื›ืš ื›ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืื™ื–ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช, ืื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืฉืœื•, ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื–ื•ืœืชื• ื•ืžื›ื— ื–ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื—ืกื“, ืืœื ื–ื• ืžืฆื•ื” ื•ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื’ืžื•ืจ ืžืืช ื”ืฉื™”ืช.

ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช (ืœื ื), ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ืฉื ื›ืจื™ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžืื™ ื•ืืžืจ ืœื• ‘ื’ื™ื™ืจื ื™ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉืชืœืžื“ื ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ืจื’ืœ ืื—ืช’, ื•ื“ื—ืคื• ืฉืžืื™ ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื•. ื‘ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืœืœ, ื•ื’ื™ื™ืจื•, ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืœืœ: “ื“ืขืœืš ืกื ื™ ืœื—ื‘ืจืš ืœื ืชืขื‘ื™ื“ ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื•ืื™ื“ืš ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” ื”ื•ื ื–ื™ืœ ื’ืžื•ืจ”. ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉ”ื™ (ืฉื ื“”ื” ื“ืขืœืš) ืฉื’ื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ื•ื ืžื›ื•ื— ‘ื“ืขืœืš ืกื ื™ ืœื—ื‘ืจืš ืืœ ืชืขื‘ื™ื“’, ื›ื™ ื’ื ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื ืงืจื ‘ืจืขืš’ ื›ืžื• ืฉื“ืจืฉื• ื—ื–”ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง (ืžืฉืœื™ ื›ื–, ื™) ‘ืจืขืš ื•ืจืข ืื‘ื™ืš ืืœ ืชืขื–ื•ื‘’. ื”ืจื™ ืฉืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉืฉื ื™ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉื•ืจืฉื ื•ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ืื—ื“, ‘ื“ืขืœืš ืกื ื™ ืœื—ื‘ืจืš ืืœ ืชืขื‘ื™ื“’.

ืืžื ื ื•ื“ืื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืขืฉื”ื• ืืช ืื”ื‘ืช ื—ื‘ืจื•, ื—ืกืจ ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื—ืกื“, ื—ืกืจ ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืฉืœ “ื•ืื”ื‘ืช ืœืจืขืš ื›ืžื•ืš”. ืื‘ืœ ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ื™ื ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื™ืชื‘ืจืš. ื›ืžื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืžื ื™ื— ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืจืง ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื›ื” ืœืื™ื–ื• ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืื• ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืš ื ื™ื’ืฉ ื•ืžื ื™ื— ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ, ืืœื ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื–ื• ืžืฆื•ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื•ื™ื•ื. ื•ืจืง ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืชื” ืขื ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”. ืื•ืœื ื™ืกื•ื“ ืงื™ื•ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืฉื—ืœ ื•ืžืชื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื•ื™ื•ื, ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ื•ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘”ื (ืžืœื›ื™ื ืค”ื— ื”ื™”ื) ืฉื’ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื›ืœื™ื•ืช, ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื ืจืง ืื ‘ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ื•ื™ืขืฉื” ืื•ืชืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืฆื™ื•ื” ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื”’, ื•ืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ืืช ืžืฉื›ืœื•.

ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• โ€“ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื—ืกื“ ื•ื”ืืžื•ื ื”

ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืฉืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื” ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ื—ืกื“, ื•ืขืœ ืฉื•ื ื›ืš ื ืืžืจ “ื—ืกื“ ืœืื‘ืจื”ื”. ื•ื”ื ื” ืœื›ืฉื ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืžื™ ื”ื™ื” ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื•, ื”ืœื ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื›ื™ืจ ืžื›ื•ื— ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื, ืื‘ื™ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื›ืœืœ ื‘ืื™ ืขื•ืœื. ื•ืœื ืžืงืจื” ื”ื•ื ืฉืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืืฃ ื”ื™ื” ื™ืกื•ื“ ืœืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื—ืกื“ “ื—ืกื“ ืœืื‘ืจื”ื”, ืœืคื™ ืฉืจืง ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืืœื•, ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืžื“ืจื’ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ. ื•ืžื›ื— ื–ื” ื–ื›ื” ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื™ืกื•ื“ ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื—ืกื“, “ื—ืกื“ ืœืื‘ืจื”ื”! ื•ื”ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืื—ืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื›ืš.

ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื™ืฉ ื›ืืœื• ื”ื˜ื•ืขื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื, ืื ืื ื™ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื•ืœื•ืžื“ ื‘ื”ืชืžื“ื”, ืžืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื, ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื•ืžื“ ืžื•ืกืจ, ื”ืจื™ ืื ื™ ืžื•ืฉืœื, ืœื ื—ืกืจ ืœื™ ื›ืœื•ื. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื, ื›ื™ ืื ืœืงื•ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ื”ืจื™ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืœื ืฉื•ื” ื›ืœืœ ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื ื•ื”ื’ ื›ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื•. ื–ื” ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืจืง ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื ื™ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืืœื•, ืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืจืง ื›ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื•. ืืœื ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื›ืœื•ื! ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ื™ืคืš, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื—ืกื“ื™ื ืœืจื•ื‘, ืื•ืœื ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื™ืจืืช ืฉืžื™ื ืืฃ ื—ืกื“ื™ื• ื•ืจื•ื‘ ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ืื™ื ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืžืขืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื. ื•ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืื“ื ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื ืื•ืชื”, ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ื›ื ื•ื”ื• ‘ื’’ื ื˜ืœืžืŸ’, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื ‘ื‘ืขืœ ื—ืกื“’. ืฉื ื™ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืœื•, ‘ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœืžืงื•ื’ ื•’ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื•’, ืื™ื ืŸ ื›ืฉืชื™ ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ื ืคืจื“ื•ืช, ืืœื ืขื ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื.

ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื•

ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื˜, ื‘): “ื•ื™ื—ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื’ื“ ื”ื”ืจ”, ื•ื‘ื™ืืจ ืจืฉ”ื™ (ืข”ืค ืžื›ื™ืœืชื), “ื•ื™ื—ืŸ” ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื—ื ื• “ื›ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ ืื—ื“”, ื‘ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืžืœืื”. ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื”ืืœื• ืžื‘ื•ืืจ, ืฉืื ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ื ื™ื™ืชื ‘ื‘ืœื‘ ืื—ื“’, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ื™ืš ื›ืœืœ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”!

ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื›ื™ ื™ืฉื ื ื”ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื™ืชืจืฉืœื• ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœืžืงื•ื, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื•ื“ืื™ ื—ืกืจ ื‘ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืชื ื•ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืชืŸ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ. ืื•ืœื ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ืื“ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื—ืกืจ ื‘ืžื”ื•ืชื• ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื™ืชืŸ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื•. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื›ืฉื ืฉื“ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœืžืงื•ื, ื›ืš ื™ื“ื•ื ื• ืื•ืชื• ืื™ืš ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื ื”ื’ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ื•ืื™ื ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืคื ื™ื ืฉืื ืคื’ืข ืื• ื”ื–ื™ืง ืื• ื”ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ื™ืขื ืฉ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืืœื ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื ืžื ืข ืžืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืขืฉื” ื—ืกื“ ืื• ืฆื“ืงื” ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื” ืžืชื™ ืฉืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื›ืš, ื™ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉื ืžื ืข ืžืœืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœืžืงื•ื ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื—ืœื” ืขืœื™ื• ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืื™ื–ื” ืžืฆื•ื”!

ืžืชื™ ื™ื’ื™ืข ืžืขืฉื™ ืœืžืขืฉื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ โ€“ ืฉื”ืฉืœื™ืžื• ืขืฆืžื ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืœื•

ื•ื”ื ื”, ืืžืจื• ื—ื–”ืœ (ืชื ื ื“ื‘ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืจื‘ื”, ืคืจืง ื›ื”): “ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืชื™ ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืžืขืฉื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื‘ื•ืชื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ื™ืขืงื‘, ืฉืœื ืงื ื• ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื””ื– ื•ื”ืขื•ื””ื‘ ื•ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ืืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื””. ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœืฉืื•ืฃ ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืชื™ ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืžืขืฉื™ ืœืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืืœื™ื” ื”ืื‘ื•ืช, ื•ืžื”ื™? “ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื””. ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืืœื•, ื”ื™ื ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ื—ืœื” ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืฉืื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“.

ื•ื”ื ื”, ืœื• ื™ืฆื•ื™ืจ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืื—ื“ ืฉื™ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื™ื“ื™ ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื ื™ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืœื•, ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ื—ื•ื‘ืชื• ื›ืœืœ ื•ื›ืœืœ ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื—ื•ืง ื”ื•ื ืžื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื. ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื‘’ ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ื ืคืจื“ื™ื, ืืœื ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘’ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื. ื•ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš, ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืžืขืœืช ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืžืขืœืช ืžืขืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื. ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืฆื™ื ื• ืืฆืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื, ืฉืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื” “ืœืš ืœืš ืžืืจืฆืš” ืฉืงื™ื•ื ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื™ืจืืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื, ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš ื”ื•ื ืืฉืจ ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื• “ื—ืกื“ ืœืื‘ืจื”ื”.

ืขื™ืงืจ ื“ืจื’ืช ‘ืื“ื’ โ€“ ื‘ื ืชื™ื ื” ืœืื—ืจื™ื

ื”ืื“ื ืžื˜ื‘ืขื• ื”ื•ื ‘ืคืจื ืื“ื’. ื•ื”ื ื”, ‘ืชื•ืืจ’ ื–ื” – “ืคืจื” ืœื ื ืืžืจ ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ, ืืœื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื•ืื“ื, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืื™ื•ื‘ ื™ื, ื™ื‘): “ื•ืขื™ืจ ืคืจื ืื“ื ื™ื•ืœื“”. ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ‘ืื“ื’ ื”ืจื™ ื‘ืœื™ื“ืชื• ื”ื•ื ‘ืขื™ืจ ืคืจื’, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื ืžืฉืœ ืœื—ืžื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืจ. ืžื”ื•ืชื• ื•ืชื›ื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ืžื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื, ืจื™ืฆื” ื•ืจื“ื™ืคื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืคืชื•ื—, ืœืœื ืจืกืŸ ื•ืœืœื ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช[1]. ื•ืืžื ื ื ื™ืชื ื” ืœืื“ื ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืœืจืกืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื•, ืื‘ืœ ืžื˜ื‘ืขื• ื”ื•ื ื›ืื•ืชื• ื—ืžื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืจ, ื•ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœืขืฆืžื•, ืœืฉืจื•ื“, ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื•ืœื—ื™ื•ืช. ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืืžืจื• ื—ื–”ืœ (ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ื›ื”, ื‘), “ืื“ื ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืฆืœ ืขืฆืžื•”, ืขื“ ืฉืžื—ืžืช ืงื™ืจื‘ื” ื–ื• ื”ื•ื ืคืกื•ืœ ืœืขื“ื•ืช, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืงืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืืœ ืขืฆืžื•, ืืฃ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื”ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ื ืขืฉื™ื ืœื• ืœื”ื™ืชืจ. ืœืœื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ืื•ืชื• ‘ืขื™ืจ ืคืจื’ ืฉืจื’ื™ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื›ืœ ื—ืคืฆื• ืœืœื ืจืกืŸ. ื•ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืžืขืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ื”ื™ืืš ืขืกื•ืง ื”ืื“ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืง ืฆืจื›ื™ื•, ื ื•ื˜ืœ ืœืขืฆืžื•, ื—ื•ื˜ืฃ ืœืขืฆืžื•, ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื–ื• ื“ื•ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœ’ืขื™ืจ’ ืžืืฉืจ ืœื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื…

ื™ืฉ ืชื•ืคืขื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช, ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืื™ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืื• ืื“ื ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื, ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื“ื—ื•ืฃ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช. ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืชืžื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžื” ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื—ื™ืคื” ื–ื•, ื•ื›ื™ ืžืžืชื™ื ื™ื ืœื”ื ‘ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื’? ื›ืืœื• ืžืจื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื›ืœื•ื?! ืืœื ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ืื ื• ืฉื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื˜ื‘ืขื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ‘ืขื™ืจ ืคืจื ื›ื™ ื™ื•ืœื“’, ื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขืœ ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื•, ืชื›ื•ื ืช ื”’ืคืจื’ ืฉื•ืœื˜ืช ืขืœื™ื•, ื•ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื• ื‘ืœื™ ืจืกืŸ ื•ื‘ืœื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช.

ื‘ื›ื•ืกื• ื‘ื›ื™ืกื• ื•ื‘ื›ืขืกื•

ืขื•ื“ ืืžืจื• ื—ื–”ืœ (ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื”, ื‘): “ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืื™ืœืขืื™ ื‘ืฉืœืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื“ื ื ื™ื›ืจ ื‘ื›ื•ืกื• ื•ื‘ื›ื™ืกื• ื•ื‘ื›ืขืกื•”, ื‘ืฉืœืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ืžืชื’ืœื” ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืื“ื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืฉืœืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืื“ื ื”ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื ื•ื”ืžืจื•ื›ื– ื‘ืขืฆืžื•. ‘ื›ื•ืกื•’ โ€“ ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืชืื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืชื™ื” ื•ื”ืื›ื™ืœื”. ื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ืื•ื›ืœ ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืื’ ืจืง ืœืขืฆืžื•, ื•ืื– ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ื•ื ‘ืคืจื’ ื•ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ื•ื ‘ืื“ื’. ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื™ืกื•, ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืžืžื ื• ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืœืื—ืจื™ื ืžืื•ืชื• ืžืžื•ืŸ ืฉืขืžืœ ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ื•, ื”ืื ืจืง ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•’ื›ื™ืกื•’ ืœื ื’ื“ ืขื™ื ื™ื•, ืื• ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืืช ืžืขืœืช ื”’ืื“ื’ ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ืžื” ืฉืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช. ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ืขืกื•, ื›ืืฉืจ ืคื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื•, ืคื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื•, ื”ืื ืจื•ืื” ืจืง ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืคื’ืขื• ื‘ื• ืžื™ื“ ืžืื‘ื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื•ื›ื•ืขืก ื•ื ื•ื”ื’ ื›ืคืจื, ืื• ืฉืขื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืขื“ ืขืฆืžื• ื•ื›ื•ื‘ืฉ ื›ืขืกื•. ื‘ืฉืœืฉื” ืืœื•, ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื˜ื™ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื, ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ื•ื ‘ืคืจื’ ื•ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ื•ื ‘ืื“ื’!

ืืžื ื ื—ื–”ืœ ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื• ืจืง ‘ื›ื•ืกื• ื›ื™ืกื• ื•ื›ืขืกื•’, ืื•ืœื ืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ื”ืจื•ืื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื ื™ื›ืจ ื”ืื“ื. ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื ื™ื›ืจ ื‘ืคื ื™ืžื™ื” ื•ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืื•ื›ืœ. ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ืฆื“ื™ืง ืชืžื™ื, ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”’ ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•. ืื•ืœื ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื›ื ืก ืœื—ื“ืจ ืื•ื›ืœ ืื• ืœื“ื™ืจื”, ื”ื•ื ืœืคืชืข ืžืชื’ืœื” ื›’ืคืจื ืื“ื’. ื•ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืชืžื•ื”, ืื™ืš ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืื“ื ื™ืชื ื”ื’ ื›ืš, ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ืื›ืŸ ืฆื“ื™ืง ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”’ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ, ืื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืื›ืŸ ืคืจื ืื“ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ื‘ืคื ื™ืžื™ื”. ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื‘ืื“ื ืื—ื“ ืžืชื’ืœื™ื ืฉื ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžื ื•ื’ื“ื™ื, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ืžืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ื™ืขืงื‘, ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ืžืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ, ื•ื›ื™ ืฉื•ื›ื ื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ื• ืฉื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื–ื” ืžื–ื” ื‘ืชื›ืœื™ืช?

ืืš ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื, ืฉื™ืฉื ื• ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื•. ืื ืื™ืŸ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ืžื™ื” ืื• ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืื•ื›ืœ, ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ืš ืฉื—ืกืจ ื’ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”’ ืฉืœื•, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืชื‘ืืจ. ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”’ ื‘ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœืžืงื•ื ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”’ ื‘ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ืขื ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื”ื. ืื ื‘ื•ื ื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”’ ื‘ืชืคืœื”, ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื”, ืืš ืœื ื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ื”ื› ืืฃ ื”ืชืคืœื” ืฉืœื• ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืคื—ื•ืชื” ืขื“ ืžืื•ื“. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืชื™ืžื” ืœืžื” ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžืชืคื™ืœืชื• ื•ืชื•ืจืชื• ืขืœ ื›ืœืœ ื”ื ื”ื’ืชื•.

ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื• โ€“ ื’ื“ืจื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช

ื•ื”ื ื”, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืชื‘ืืจ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื›ืฉื ืฉื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืžืงืคื™ื“ื™ื ืœืงื™ื™ืžื ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื”ื ื•ื“ืงื“ื•ืงื™ื”ื, ื›ืš ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื™ืฉ ืœื“ืขืช ื‘ืžื” ื ืฆื˜ื•ื™ื ื• ื•ื”ื™ืืš ื™ืฉ ืœืงื™ื™ื ื—ืœืง ื–ื” ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื” [ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ื›ื’ื–ืœ, ื ื–ื™ืงื™ืŸ ื•ื›ื“ื•’]. ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœื›ืš, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืกืคืจื™ ื”ื—”ื— ื–ื™ืข”ื ื•ื›ื“ื•’. ื•ื ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื›ืžื” ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ืขืžื“ื• ืœื ื’ื“ ืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ื˜ืจื ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืœืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื—ืกื“ ืขื ื–ื•ืœืชื ื•.

ื›ืžื” ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื•ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื—ืกื“. ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœื›ืœ, ‘ืœื ืชืขืฉื”’. ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืกื‘ ืฆืขืจ ื•ืขื’ืžืช ื ืคืฉ ืœื–ื•ืœืชื ื•. ื›ืžื” ื ื›ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืฆืขืจ ืื“ื ืืช ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื‘ืœื ืฉื™ื ืœื‘, ื•ื‘ืจื’ืข ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื›ืขืก ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงืฉื•ืช, ืžืœื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืคื ื™ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื•ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืฉืคื™ื›ื•ืช ื“ืžื™ื ืœ”ืข. ื•ื›ืŸ ื’ื–ืœ ืฉื™ื ื” ื•ืฉืืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ืขืฉื™ื ืœืœื ืฉื™ืžืช ืœื‘, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื—ื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื’ื–ื™ืœื” ื•ื”ื™ื–ืง. ื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื’ื•ื–ืœ ืื“ื ืžื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื’ื–ืœ ืื• ื”ื–ื™ืง ื•ื›ืฉื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื™ื™ื“ืข ืœืžื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ื•ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืืช ืžื—ื™ืœืชื•. ืื•ืœื ื‘ืื•ื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืฉืืจ ืื•ืคื ื™ ื”ืฆืขืจ, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืื“ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืขื“ ืžืื” ื•ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืœื ืœื“ืขืช ืฉืคื’ืข ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื–ื•ืœืชื•, ื•ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืžื™ื“ ื•ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ืคื’ื™ืขืชื•. ืื ืœื ื™ืžื—ื” ื”ื ืคื’ืข ื‘ืคื ื™ื•, ื ืžืฆื ื—ื•ื˜ื ื•ื ื›ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื”ื•ื ืฆื“ื™ืง ื’ืžื•ืจ! ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœื“ืขืช ื•ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืžื” ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ื•ืžืžื” ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ, ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืœื•.

ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื”ื™ื ืงื™ื•ื ื”ื—ืกื“ ื‘’ืงื•ื ื•ืขืฉื”’. ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื—ืกื“ ืžื•ืฉืœื ื•ืจืื•ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื—ืกื“ ืฉื•ื ืฆื“ ืฉืœื™ืœื™, ืฉืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ื ื’ื™ืขื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช. ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื ืขื•ืฉื” ื”ื—ืกื“ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื—ื–ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื ืื”, ื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื—ืกื“ ื›ื™ ืื ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืขืกืง ื•ืžืกื—ืจ. ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ‘ื‘ื™ื–ื ืก’, ื”ื—ืœืคื” ‘ืฉืœื™ ืฉืœืš ื•ืฉืœืš ืฉืœื™’. ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ื ืงื™ื•ืช, ืฉื™ื™ืขืฉื” ืœืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื‘ืชื›ืœื™ืช.

ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ื“ืจื’ื” ืื—ืจืช, ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื”ื™ื ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ืกื“ ื‘ืื—ื“ื•ืช. ืืฃ ืื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ืกื“ ื›ืจืื•ื™, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื”ื—ืกื“ ื ืขืฉื” ‘ื›ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ ืื—ื“’, ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ื•ืœื ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื•ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ืกื“ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื›ืœืœ ื›ื•ืœื•, ื–ื”ื• ื—ืกื“ ืžื•ืฉืœื. ื›ืืฉืจ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื›ืœืœ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืืœื ืžื—ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื›ืœืœ, ื–ื”ื• ื”ื—ืกื“ ื”ืžืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืจ”ื— ื–ืฆ”ืœ, ืฉื”ื–ื›ืจื ื• ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื[2], ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืก, ื), “ื™ืจืืช ื”’ ื”ื™ื ืชืชื”ืœืœ ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืจื‘ื™ ืื™ืœืขืื™, ืืžืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ืขืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืจื‘ื™ ืื™ืœืขืื™ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฉืฉื” ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืžืชื›ืกื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœื™ืช ืื—ืช ื•ืขื•ืกืงื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ื‘ื™ืืจ ื”ื’ืจ”ื— ื–ืฆ”ืœ, ืฉืืžื ื ืœืคื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ื‘ืื™ื ืœืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉื“ื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืจ’ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืจ ืืœืขืื™ ืœืžื“ื• ืชื•ืจื” ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื—ืง, ืืš ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืขื•ืžืง ื ื•ืกืฃ. ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื˜ืœื™ืช ืื—ืช ืชื›ืกื” ืฉื™ืฉื” ืื ืฉื™ื, ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืื•ืชื ืฉืฉื” ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื™ืžืฉื•ืš ืืช ื”ื˜ืœื™ืช ืœืขืฆืžื• ื•ื™ื ืกื” ืœื”ืชื›ืกื•ืช ื‘ื”, ื•ื“ืื™ ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ื–ื”. ืื•ืœื ืื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื ื™, ืžื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื—ืœืงื• ื•ื“ื•ื—ืฃ ืืช ื”ื˜ืœื™ืช ืœืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื›ื•ืกื”, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื›ื•ืกื™ื. ื–ื”ื• ื”ื—ืกื“ ื”ืžืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืขืฉื” ืžืชื•ืš ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ืช.

ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื• – ืืฆืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”

ื•ื”ื ื”, ืœื‘ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื—ืกื“, ืืฉืจ ืžืœื‘ื“ ืžื” ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื›ืจืื•ื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื—ืกื“, ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืžืฆื“ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืœืงื“ืฉ ืฉ”ืฉ ื•ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื ื•ืจื ืœื—ืœืœ ืืช ื”’. ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื (ื™ื•ืžื ืคื•, ื): “ื”ื™ื›ื™ ื“ืžื™ ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื, ืื‘ื™ื™ ืืžืจ ื›ื“ืชื ื™ื ‘ื•ืื”ื‘ืช ืืช ื”’ ืืœื”ื™ืš’ ืฉื™ื”ื ืฉื ืฉืžื™ื ืžืชืื”ื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ืš, ืฉื™ื”ื ืงื•ืจื ื•ืฉื•ื ื” ื•ืžืฉืžืฉ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื”ื ืžืฉืื• ื•ืžืชื ื• ื‘ื ื—ืช ืขื ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช. ืžื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืื•ืžืจื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•, ืืฉืจื™ ืื‘ื™ื• ืฉืœืžื“ื• ืชื•ืจื”, ืืฉืจื™ ืจื‘ื• ืฉืœืžื“ื• ืชื•ืจื”, ืื•ื™ ืœื”ื ืœื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืœืžื“ื• ืชื•ืจื”, ืคืœื•ื ื™ ืฉืœืžื“ ืชื•ืจื”, ืจืื• ื›ืžื” ื ืื™ื ื“ืจื›ื™ื• ื›ืžื” ืžืชื•ืงื ื™ื ืžืขืฉื™ื•”. ื”ื”ื™ื›ื™ ืชืžืฆื™ ืœืงื“ืฉ ืืช ืฉื ื”’, ืื• ื—ืœื™ืœื” ืœื”ื™ืคืš, ื”ื•ื ืข”ื™ ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื•. ื•ืื ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืขืœื™ื• ‘ื›ืžื” ื ืื™ื ืžืขืฉื™ื•’ ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”’, ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืž’ ืฉื. ื ืžืฆื ืฉืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ื™ื ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ื ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื ืชื™ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื–ื” ืžืฆื“ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉื ืฉืžื™ื. ื‘ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืื—ืจืช, ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ, ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืื—ืจืช, ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื›ืš ืฉื™ืืžืจื• ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ‘ื›ืžื” ื ืื™ื ืžืขืฉื™ื•’ ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”’.

ืืช ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ื—ืกื“ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืงืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืฆื“ืงื” ืื• ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื””ื™, ืžืชื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืขืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•. ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืœื™ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื ื–ื” ืœื ืขื ื™ืŸ ืคืจื˜ื™ ืฉืœื•, ืืœื ื›ื•ืœื ืืฉืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืš, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื• ื•ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืขื“ื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืœื—ื“ืจ ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžื ื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืขื ื™ืŸ ืคืจื˜ื™ ืฉืœื•, ืืœื ื›ื•ืœื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื•. ืื“ืจื‘ื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ื•ืœื ื“ื•ืื’ื™ื ืœื›ื•ืœื, ื•ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื“ืื’ื” ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื–ื•ืœืช, ืื–ื™ ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ื—ืกื“ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื•ื‘ื—ืจืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื“ื™ ื•ื”ื•ืชืจ ืœื›ื•ืœื. ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ืฉื ืžืจืŸ ื”ื’ืจ”ื— ื–ืฆ”ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื’ืžืจื “ืฉืฉื” ืžืชื›ืกื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœื™ืช ืื—ืช”.

ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ ืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื•:

ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืœื ื ืขื™ืžื” ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื—ืกื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื”ืœื‘ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืœื ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ืคืงืคื•ืง. ืœื ืฉื—ืก ื•ื—ืœื™ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืงืคื™ื“ื ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ื•ืœื ื˜ืขื ื”…

ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื” ืจืง ื—ืœืง ื™ื—ืกื™ ืžื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื•ืื ื–ื” ื›ืš ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื—ืœืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ืื ‘ืžืชื’ืœืฉื™ื’ ืจื—ืžื ื ืœื™ืฆืœืŸ, ‘ืžืชื’ืœืฉื™ื’ ื”ืจื‘ื”. ื–ื” ืคื’ืข ื‘ืœื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื…

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–”ืœ (ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืœื˜, ื): “ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืจื‘ื™ื ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื””, ื ืืžืจื• ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ื’ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ื”ืŸ ื‘ื—ืกื“ ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช. ืื ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื•ื—ืกืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœืžืงื•ื, ืื™ื ื• ื›ืœื•ื! ืื ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉ, ืฉื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ื‘ืงืจ ืชื”ื™ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš, ืื™ื–ื” ื™ื•ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื”, ื•ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืฉืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“.

ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ, ื–ื” ืžืื“ ื”ืคืจื™ืข ืœื™, ืืชื ืœื ืžื•ื›ืจื—ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ืขื ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื™…

ืฉื”’ ื™ืชืŸ ืฉืœื‘ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ื™ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ืงืจื‘ ืืช ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื•ืฉื ื’ื™ืข ืœื“ืจื’ื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ ืื—ื“, ื”ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœืžืงื•ื, ืฉื”ืกื“ืจื™ื ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืœืื™ื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื•ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืกื™ื™ืขืชื ื“ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื–ืžืŸ ืžื•ืฆืœื—, ื•ื”’ ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืชืคืœืชื ื• ืืžืŸ!

[1] ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง (ื™ืจืžื™ื” ื‘, ื›ื“): “ืคืจื” ืœืžื•ื“ ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ื‘ืื•ื•ืช ื ืคืฉื” ืฉืืคื” ืจื•ื—”, ืคื™ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฆื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื•ื“, ‘ื”ืจื™ ืืช ื›ืคืจื ื”ื–ื” ื”ืœืžื•ื“ ื•ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืืฉืจ ื‘ืื•ืช ื ืคืฉื” ืฉืืคื” ืจื•ื—, ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ ืžื›ืจื™ื—ื” ืœืจื•ืฅ ื•ืœืจื“ื•ืฃ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ืคืฆื” ืชืจื•ืฅ ื•ืชืจื“ื•ืฃ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช, ื•ืžื•ืฉื›ืช ืืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื‘ืœื™ืขื” ื›ื“ืจืš ื”ืจืฆื™ื ืžื”ืจื”’.

[2] ืจืื” ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจ (ืžืืžืจ ‘ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”’).

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Harav Hagaon Elimelech Reznick Shlita

Inherited Powers

Parashas Lech Lecha

Harav Hagaon Elimelech Reznik Shlitโ€™โ€™a

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The fifth perek of Pirkei Avos includes two statements about Avraham Avinu. One mishnah says: ืขึฒืฉื‚ึธืจึธื” ื“ื•ึนืจื•ึนืช ืžึดื ึผึนื—ึท ื•ึฐืขึทื“ ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื, ืœึฐื”ื•ึนื“ึดื™ืขึท ื›ึผึทืžึผึธื” ืึถืจึถืšึฐ ืึทืคึผึทื™ึดื ืœึฐืคึธื ึธื™ื•, ืฉืึถื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื“ึผื•ึนืจื•ึนืช ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืžึทื›ึฐืขึดื™ืกึดื™ืŸ ื•ึผื‘ึธืึดื™ืŸ, ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถื‘ึผึธื ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื ื•ึฐืงึดื‘ึผึตืœ ืฉื‚ึฐื›ึทืจ ื›ึผึปืœึผึธื. The following mishnah says: ืขึฒืฉื‚ึธืจึธื” ื ึดืกึฐื™ื•ึนื ื•ึนืช ื ึดืชึฐื ึทืกึผึธื” ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื ืึธื‘ึดื™ื ื•ึผ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืœื•ึนื ื•ึฐืขึธืžึทื“ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึปืœึผึธื. Rav Chaim Volozhiner notes that in the first of these two mishnayos, Avraham is referred to without the title โ€œAvinu,โ€ while in the second, which discusses his nisyonos, he is referred to as Avraham Avinu.

Rav Chaim Volozhiner offers a fascinating insight to explain this discrepancy. The passuk in Mishlei (20:7) states: ืžึดืชึฐื”ึทืœึผึตืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐืชึปืžึผื•ึน ืฆึทื“ึผึดื™ืง ืึทืฉืึฐืจึตื™ ื‘ึธื ึธื™ื• ืึทื—ึฒืจึธื™ื•. When a tzaddik labors to acquire certain middos, the effect of his efforts is that these traits become ingrained in the nature of his progeny. His avodah causes a change in his physical makeup, and this is passed on to his children โ€“ who, with a little bit of effort, can develop the same traits.

Throughout Jewish history, says Rav Chaim Volozhiner, many Jews โ€“ even the simplest ones โ€“ have given up their lives al kiddush Hashem. Where does that ability come from? Itโ€™s ingrained in us from Avraham Avinu, who put his life on the line at Ur Kasdim for the sake of his emunah in Hashem. According to some Rishonim, this was one of Avraham Avinuโ€™s ten nisyonos; it was a tremendous challenge. Yet when his descendants did it, it looked relatively simple, because Avraham caused mesirus nefesh to become second nature to his descendants.

Rav Chaim Volozhiner offers another example of the way Avraham Avinuโ€™s actions affected his descendants. There are people who have an intense, sudden yearning to go to Eretz Yisrael and leave everything behind. The ability to do this comes from Avraham Avinuโ€™s withstanding the nisayon of lech lecha, in which he left his home and family and traveled to Eretz Yisrael.

A third middah that we have in our genetic makeup from Avraham Avinu is the ability to accept all of the gezeiros of Hakadosh Baruch Hu, and not question or complain about His hanhagah when things donโ€™t go the way we would have preferred. This attitude of ื›ืœ ื“ืขื‘ื™ื“ ืจื—ืžื ื ืœื˜ื‘ ืขื‘ื™ื“ ย comes from Avraham Avinuโ€™s listening to Hashem without question, as Rashi says: ื•ืœื ื”ืจื”ืจ ืื—ืจ ืžื“ื•ืชื™.

Our zeideh Avraham not only bequeathed zechusim to us when he passed these nisyonos, he also invested in us the power to overcome similar situations that arise in our own lives.

Chazal tell us that a person should ask himself: ืžืชื™ ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืžืขืฉื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื‘ื•ืชื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ื™ืขืงื‘. The Sfas Emes notes that the word ื™ื’ื™ืขื• is related to the word ื ื’ื™ืขื”, to touch. Our actions may never actually reach the level of those of the Avos, but we can still โ€œtouchโ€ and connect to their actions, because we possess the ability to pass nisyonos similar to those of Avraham Avinu.

The Power of Yechidus

One attribute of Avraham was that he was called โ€œHaโ€™Ivriโ€ โ€“ he was on one side, and the rest of the world was on the other side.

The Matteh Moshe cites a Midrash that teaches that Hashem said, โ€œI am unique (ื™ื—ื™ื“) in My world, and he (Avraham) is unique (ื™ื—ื™ื“) in his world.โ€ Hashem is a yachid and Avraham is a yachid, and therefore, Hashem gave us, Avrahamโ€™s children, a day of yechidus: the day of Hoshana Rabbah. On Hoshana Rabbah, we have a special connection to Hashem, a private line that no one else can access. The Midrash says that Hashem said that if we merit a kapparah on Rosh Hashanah, good, but if not we have Yom Kippur; and if not, we have the โ€œyom hayachidโ€ of Hoshana Rabbah.

In a similar vein, the Matteh Moshe continues, Chazal note that Hashemโ€™s Name ื-ื”-ื™-ื” has the gematria 21, and Avraham was the twenty-first generation from Creation, and Hoshana Rabbah is the twenty-first day of Tishrei. Through Avrahamโ€™s power of yechidus, we were zocheh to a yom hayachid, which has a special capacity for kapparah that the other yamim tovim donโ€™t have.

Parenthetically, this statement of Chazal seems very puzzling, because the Mishnah says that there were ten generations from Adam to Noach and another ten generations from Noach to Avraham, and these generations are specified in the pesukim of the Torah in Parashas Bereishis and Parashas Noach. How, then, can Chazal say that Avraham was the twenty-first generation after Creation?

The Kaf Hachaim (664), in Hilchos Hoshana Rabbah, cites this Chazal and asks this question. He answers that Noach can be counted as two generations, one before the Mabul and one after the Mabul. After the world was destroyed and restarted, it was considered to be a new generation, even though both periods were in Noachโ€™s lifetime. If Noach is counted as two generations, then Avraham is the twenty-first generation.

Perhaps we can suggest a different approach. It is possible that Avraham himself can be counted as two generations, because he underwent a name and identity change, from Avram to Avraham. So fundamental was this life change that the Gemara says that it is forbidden to use the name โ€œAvramโ€ without the hei. Since Avraham acquired a new name and became a new person, perhaps he can be counted as generations 20 and 21.

Be that as it may, what is the significance of Avrahamโ€™s being a yachid?

Being a yachid means not being influenced by others and by whatever else is going on in the world. It means being able to look in the Shulchan Aruch and do what the Shulchan Aruch prescribes, even if other people are not doing it. A yachid says, โ€œI know what the Eibishter wants, and Iโ€™m going to do it no matter what. I will not measure myself against what is going on in the world, nor will I evaluate myself relative to my peers.โ€

Noach was different from Avraham in this regard. The Torah states:ื ึนื—ึท ืึดื™ืฉื ืฆึทื“ึผึดื™ืง ืชึผึธืžึดื™ื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื“ึนืจึนืชึธื™ื•. Those that interpret this statement negatively explain that he was a tzaddik in his generation, but had he lived during Avrahamโ€™s time he would not have been considered a tzaddik.

Noach was the biggest tzaddik in the world โ€“ but because he measured himself against the people of his generation, he didnโ€™t reach his full potential. Avraham, on the other hand, didnโ€™t measure himself against anyone. He used the power of his emunah in Hashem to stand up against the entire world โ€“ and that is the koach of yechidus.

Rab Yerucham explains that when we say that Hakadosh Baruch Hu is a ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื•, we mean that He can do whatever He wants, and He doesnโ€™t need any help from anyone. Similarly, a person who has this trait of yechidus has within himself all of the tools and kochos that he needs in order to reach his potential. Through yechidus, Avraham was able to withstand all of his nisyonos.

The Power to Stand FirmThe passuk in Shir Hashirim states: ืึดื ื—ื•ึนืžึธื” ื”ึดื™ื ื ึดื‘ึฐื ึถื” ืขึธืœึถื™ื”ึธ ื˜ึดื™ืจึทืช ื›ึผึธืกึถืฃ ื•ึฐืึดื ื“ึผึถืœึถืช ื”ึดื™ื ื ึธืฆื•ึผืจ ืขึธืœึถื™ื”ึธ ืœื•ึผื—ึท ืึธืจึถื– โ€“ if a person is firm like a wall in his avodas Hashem, then great edifices can be built upon him, but if he is shaky and moveable like a door, all that can be constructed upon him is a tzurah, which, the meforshim say, is something that exists temporarily and can be erased. The Midrash applies this description of a chomah, a wall, to Avraham Avinu, who was the foundation of Klal Yisrael.

Are you firm as a wall in your avodas Hashem, or do you waver like a door? A lot of people start the zman with great sheโ€™ifos and plans, but not everyone makes it to the end with that same vision. The difference is whether we make ourselves into a wall or a door. If you wake up one morning and say, โ€œToday I donโ€™t have cheishekโ€ โ€“ thatโ€™s being a door. The problem with a door isnโ€™t only that it opens and closes and isnโ€™t consistent; the problem is that you canโ€™t build on a door. A structure built on something as shaky as a door will not remain intact; it will be only a temporary tzurah. In order to build an edifice for generations, an avodah that will last, a person has to be a chomah. That comes from the koach of yechidus โ€“ not to be influenced by whatโ€™s going on in the world.

The Power to Change

On the first passuk of the parashah: ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ื”’ ืึถืœ ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื ืœึถืšึฐ ืœึฐืšึธ ืžึตืึทืจึฐืฆึฐืšึธ ื•ึผืžึดืžึผื•ึนืœึทื“ึฐืชึผึฐืšึธ ื•ึผืžึดื‘ึผึตื™ืช ืึธื‘ึดื™ืšึธ ืึถืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึทืจึฐืึถืšึผึธ, the meforshim ask why Avraham was told to leave first his country, then his birthplace, and then his fatherโ€™s house. Shouldnโ€™t the order have been reversed? First he should leave his fatherโ€™s house, then his birthplace, and only then his country!

In the nisayon of lech lecha, the test wasnโ€™t only for Avraham Avinu to leave his physical location and move to Eretz Yisrael. Rather, Avraham Avinu had to separate himself from the culture he was born into and the hashfkafah he was brought up with. When uprooting oneself in a spiritual sense, it is easier to disconnect from the influence of oneโ€™s country, more difficult to disconnect from the influence of oneโ€™s birthplace and immediate surroundings, and most difficult to disconnect from oneโ€™s family and home โ€“ especially a home steeped in idolatry, like that of Terach.

Change is hard. Making a decision that involves change is hard. Yet at times, it may be necessary to move to a different place, a different yeshiva, or a different city, because the place you are currently in is having a negative influence on you. A person might be living on a block where there are influences that can harm his children, or he might be working in a place where he himself is exposed to bad influences. The hardest thing for a person to do when heโ€™s comfortable in his environment is to make a change and move away from the environment he is used to. โ€œI canโ€™t leave,โ€ people tell themselves. โ€œI know there are things here that are not good, but Iโ€™m stuck here for life.โ€

We learn from Avraham Avinu that a person can always uproot himself and move to a place that is better for him in ruchniyus. This power of lech lecha is yet another attribute that we acquired as a result of Avraham Avinuโ€™s withstanding his nisayon.

As we go through these parashiyos and learn about the ten nisyonos of Avraham Avinu and the experiences of the Avos, we should realize that we can connect with everything the Avos went through, because the power they exerted when going through those situations have been transmitted to us.

May we all be zocheh to these madreigos. Gut Shabbos.

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