BamidbarKorach

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•

Finkel, Maran Hamashgiach Hagaon Harav Chaim Zev ztโ€l

ื•ื™ืงื”ืœื• ืขืœ ืžืฉื” ื•ืขืœ ืื”ืจืŸ ื•ื™ืืžืจื• ืืœื™ื”ื ืจื‘ ืœื›ื ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื“ื” ื›ื•ืœื ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื”’ ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืชืชื ืฉืื• ืขืœ ืงื”ืœ ื”’ (ื˜ื–, ื’)
ื‘ืžืฉื ื”: ืื™ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื, ื–ื• ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืœืœ ื•ืฉืžืื™. ื•ืฉืื™ื ื” ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื, ื–ื• ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืงืจื— ื•ื›ืœ ืขื“ืชื• (ืื‘ื•ืช ืค”ื” ืžื™”ื–).

ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื“ืขืช ื›ื™ ืงืจื— ื•ืขื“ืชื• ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืกืชื ืื ืฉื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืง, ืงืจื— ื”ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื˜ื•ืขื ื™ ื”ืืจื•ืŸ ื•ื–ื›ื” ืœืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื•ืžืืชื™ื ื•ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืจืืฉื™ ืกื ื”ื“ืจืื•ืช ืฉื ืขืžื“ื• ืขืžื• ื”ื™ื• “ื ืฉื™ืื™ ืขื“ื” ืงืจื™ืื™ ืžื•ืขื“ ืื ืฉื™ ืฉื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืขื™ื“ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื”ื (ืคืกื•ืง ื™”ื“), ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืชื, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžื™ืขื™ื ื—ื–”ืœ ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื™ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืฉืื™ื ื” ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื, ื–ื• ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืงืจื— ื•ื›ืœ ืขื“ืชื•.

ื‘ื™ืืจ ื‘ื–ื” ืžืจืŸ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื–ืื‘ ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื”: ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืจืฆืชื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืขื“ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื, ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžื”ื• ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืžืžื ื• ื•ื”ืœืื” ืื™ืŸ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื. ืœืฉื ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืœืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœ”ืฉื ืฉืžื™ื” – ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื ื” ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ื“ืง ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ. ืื ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื ืงื˜ื” ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืงืจื— ื•ืขื“ืชื•, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื–ื• ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืฉื”ืžืจื—ืง ื‘ื™ื ื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื•ืขื˜ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ื™ื’ื“ืจ ื ื‘ื ืฆืœ ืฉืœื™ื˜”ื
ื—ืชื ื• ืฉืœ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ื”ื’ืจื—”ื– ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื”

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื

Finkel, Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Nosson Tzvi ztโ€l

ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืœืฉื ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื ืกื•ืคื” ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื
ืกื™ืคืจ ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชืŸ ืฆื‘ื™ ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื”:

ื–ื›ื•ืจื ื™ ืžืžื” ืฉืกื™ืคืจ ืœื™ ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื”, ื›ื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฆืขื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื˜ืขืœื– ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื’ื•ืจื“ื•ืŸ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื” ืœื”ืงืฉื•ืช ืœื• ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžืกื™ืจืช ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืชื—ื ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืชืคืก ื”ื’”ืจ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืœืฆืชื• ื•ื”ืœื ืืช ืจืืฉื• ื‘ื›ื•ืชืœื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ! ืื›ืŸ, ‘ื ืขืฉื• ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื”’…

ื•ื›ื“ ื”ื•ื™ื ื ื˜ืœื™ื, ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื™ ืื‘ืจืš ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ, ื–ื›ื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ืžื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื, ืืฉืจ ื‘ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื’ื“ืœื• ื•ื–ื›ื• ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืก”ื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืžืจื‘ื™ืฆื™ ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ื–ื›ื•ืจื ื™ ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื• ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœื ืคืขื ืœื™ื“ื™ ‘ืจื™ืชื—ื ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื’ ืžื•ืคืœืื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš, ืขื“ ืฉื ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื›’ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื”’, ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ืื– ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื•ื ื—ืช ืฉื ืกื›ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืกื›ื ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”…

ืื›ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ (ืฉื‘ืช ืค”ื, ื””ื˜) ืฉืืฃ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืื™ ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ ืจืฆื• ืœื“ืงื•ืจ ื–ื” ืœื–ื” ื‘ื—ืจื‘, ื•ื ืขืฉื• ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•, ืืžื ื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื–ื• ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื, ืžืžื™ืœื ืืฃ ื ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื‘ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–”ืœ ืฉืื™ื ื ื–ื–ื™ื ืžืฉื ืขื“ ืฉื ืขืฉื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื”. ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื“ืขืช ื›ื™ ืœืœื ‘ืจื™ืชื—ื ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื’ ืžื•ื‘ื”ืงืช, ื•ื‘ืœื ืฉืชื”ื™ื™ื ื” ‘ื›ืœ ืขืฆืžื•ืชื™ ืชืืžืจื ื”’, ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“. ืœื ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ืฉืื“ื ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื•ื™ืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ื• ื‘ืœื ืฉืชื‘ืขืจ ื‘ื• ‘ืงื ืืช ืกื•ืคืจื™ื’ ื•ื‘ืœื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ‘ืื•ื™ื‘’ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืชืœืžื•ื“ื•. ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ืžืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ืชื ื•ืขื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื ืขื ื•ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื“ืจืš ‘ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื’, ืื–ื™ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืื•ืชื• ืœื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื’ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืชื—ื ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืืช ืกื’ื•ืœื” ืžื•ืคืœืื” ื–ื•. ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืฆื™ื ื• ืืฆืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžืจืŸ ื”ื’ืจ”ื— ืฉืžื•ืืœื‘ื™ืฅ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืชืžื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืžื” ื•ื“ื•ืคืง ื•ืฆื•ืขืง ืžืชื•ืš ืจื™ืชื—ื ืขืฆื•ืžื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืคื™ืข ื•ืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ืœื•ืžื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืœื”ื™ืกื—ืฃ ื•ืœื”ื™ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื–ื•.

ืืžื ื ืžืื™ื“ืš, ืื”ื‘ื” ื–ื• ื”ื ื•ืœื“ืช ืžืชื•ืš ื”’ืื™ื‘ื”’ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉื‘ืžืœื—ืžืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ืื™ืŸ ืื”ื‘ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืžื ื”. ื•ืžื˜ืขื ื–ื” ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืืฆืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืื”ื‘ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™, ืฉื›ืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžื” ืฉื ืขืฉื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ‘ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื”’, ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื“ื™ื‘ื•ืง ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืžื•ืคืœืื” ื”ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™, ื ื•ืœื“ืช ืื”ื‘ื” ืขืฆื•ืžื”.

ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืœื›ื”

Shpitzer, Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shlita

ืงืจื—

ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืžืŸ ื”ืจืขื”

ื•ืœื ืชืฉืื• ืขืœื™ื• ื—ื˜ื ื‘ื”ืจื™ืžื›ื ืืช ื—ืœื‘ื• ืžืžื ื•, ืข’ ืชืžื•ืจื” ื”’ ืžื›ืืŸ ื“ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืคืจื™ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืจืขื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ืคื”. ื•ืข’ ืจืข”ื ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืž”ื• ืข”ื‘ ืื ื”ืคืจื™ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืจืข ืขืœ ื”ื™ืคื”, ื™ืฉืืœ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื•ืขื™”ื– ืœื ืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืข’ ืฉื•”ืช ื—”ืก ื™ื•”ื“ ืฉ”ื› ื›ืฉืฉื•ืืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืฉื‘ื™ืจืš ืคืขื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”, ื›ื™ ืชืงื ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืคืจื™ืฉ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื ืขืงืจ ื”ื”ืคืจืฉื”. (ื•ืžืขื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืข’ ืชืขื ื™ืช ื™”ื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืก’ ื‘ืฉื ื‘ื””ื’ ื“ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ ืขื ื ื• ื‘ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ืฉืžื ืœื ื™ืชืขื ื” ื•ื‘ืชื•ืก’ ืกื‘ืจื™ ื“ืืค”ื” ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ืœื‘ื˜ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื“ืขืชื• ืœื”ืชืขื ื•ืช).

ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื—”ืก ืฉื ืฉืžื‘ืจืš ื‘ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืฉื ื™ื” ื•ื›”ื› ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืจืฉ”ืง ืกื™’ ืช”ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจืฉ”ืฉ ื ื“ืจื™ื ื ”ื˜ ื›ืชื‘ ื“ืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ืจืš ื‘ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืฉื ื™ื”, ื•ื›”ื› ืฆื™ืฅ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืกื™’ ื›’ ื‘ืฉื ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืกื™’ ืž”ื—. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืชืžื” ื‘ืืžืจื™ ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื—”ื‘ ืž”ื– ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉ”ืฉ ื”ื ”ืœ.

ื•ื”ื ื” ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ืฉื ื”ืงื””ื™ ืื ื”ืคืจื™ืฉ ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื™ืฉืืœ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื•ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ื™ืคืจื™ืฉ ืขื ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ืžืชืงืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื—ื˜ื ืฉื”ืคืจื™ืฉ ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื•ืืžืจื• ืขืจื•ื ืœื ื™ืคืจื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”. ื•ืข’ ืžื ื—”ื™ ื—”ื˜ ืงื™”ื— ื‘ืฉืžื•. ืืš ืข’ ื–ื›ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจ’ ื“ื•ื‘ ืœื ื“ื ืฉืœื™ื˜”ื ื˜’ ื™”ื’ ืฉื”ืงืฉื” ื“ืื””ื  ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ืจืš, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ืคืจื™ืฉ ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื›ื™ ืœืคื™ ื”ื—”ืก ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืฉื” ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื‘ืžื” ืฉืœื ื‘ื™ืจืš ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืขื•ืงืจ ื”ื”ืคืจืฉื”.

ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื

Finkel, Maran Hamashgiach Hagaon Harav Binyomin Shlita

ืกื›ื ืช ื”ื ื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื•ืขื“ืช ืงืจื—
ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืคืฉื˜ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื, ืžื™ ื™ืืžืจ ื–ื™ื›ื™ืชื™ ืœื™ื‘ื™, ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืจื—ืžื™ ืฉืžื™ื ืฉืœื ื ื™ื›ืฉืœ, ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื›ื•ืœื ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืžื‘ืืจ ืจืฉ”ื™: ื›ืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช, ื•ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ื›ืฉืจื™ื ื”ื™ื•. ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืจืืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉืจื™ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื””ื˜), ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ื•ืžืœื‘ื“ ืžื” ืฉื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื“ื•ืจ ื“ืขื” ื•ืœื›ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืจื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื”ืž ื•ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™, ื”ืจื™ ืœืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื, ื•ืื•ืชื ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื ืคืœื• ื›”ื› ืœืžื˜ื” ืขื“ ืฉื ืขื ืฉื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื—ืœืง ืœืขื•ื””ื‘, ื›ื–ื” ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.

ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืคื”, ื•ื”ืืจื™ื›ื• ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืกืคืจื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืงืฆืช ืžื” ืฉื ื•ื’ืข ืืœื™ื ื•, ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื ื•, ืฉื—ืœื™ืœื” ืœื ื ืคื•ืœ ื•ืฉืœื ื ื™ื›ืฉืœ, ื•ืฉื ื–ื›ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื•ืœืงื™ื™ื ืžื” ืฉื”ืงื‘”ื” ืจื•ืฆื” ื‘ืืžืช.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืจืฉ”ื™ ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืฉืœื— ืœืš: ืฉืœื— ืœืš โ€“ ืœื“ืขืชืš, ืื ื™ ืื™ื ื™ ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืš, ืื ืชืจืฆื” ืฉืœื—, ืœืคื™ ืฉื‘ืื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืืžืจื• ื ืฉืœื—ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื ื• ื›ืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ืชืงืจื‘ื•ืŸ ืืœื™ ื›ื•ืœื›ื ื•ื’ื•’ ื•ืžืฉื” ื ืžืœืš ื‘ืฉื›ื™ื ื”, ืืžืจ, ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื”ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ ืืขืœื” ืืชื›ื ืžืขื ื™ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื’ื•’ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืฉืื ื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ืžืงื•ื ืœื˜ืขื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื, ืœืžืขืŸ ืœื ื™ื™ืจืฉื•ื”. ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื“ืงื•ื™ื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ื ืœืžื“ ืžืคื” ืืช ืžื” ืฉื ื•ื’ืข ืืœื™ื ื•.

ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืฉืื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจื”ื•ืจื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืžื™ื“ ืœืืจืฅ ื•ื”ื™ื” ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื ืขื•ื“ ืงื•ื“ื, ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘ ื–ื” ืžืื•ืชื• ืœื™ืœื” ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื•ื™ื‘ื›ื• ื”ืขื ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื”ื”ื•ื, ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื ืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื™ืฉืจ ื•ื”ืžื” ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื.

ื•ื”ืืจื™ื›ื• ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื›ืš ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืžืขืžื“ ืฉืœ ืฉืจื™ ื—ืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืœื ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืžืฉืจื” ื•ื›ื“’, ืืœื, ืœืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื™ืฉ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืžืขืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืืจ ื”ืขื, ื•ืืช ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ืฉื”ื ืชื•ืขืœืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื”ื ืคื—ื“ื• ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื, ื•ื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื ื ื’ื™ืขื” ืžืื™ื–ื” ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื”ื™, ื•ื ื’ื™ืขื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื, ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื’ืจื ืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื’ืจื•ืขื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ื”ื›ื— ืฉืœ ื”ื ื’ื™ืขื” ื–ื” ืคื—ื“, ื”ืื“ื ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื ื”ื’ ืข”ื™ ื”ื ื’ื™ืขื” ืฉืœื•, ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื“ื ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืœื• ื ื’ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ืข”ื– ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืฉื”ื ื’ื™ืขื” ืœื ืชื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืื“ื.

ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืจื, ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง: ื•ื™ื‘ืื• ืขื“ ื ื—ืœ ืืฉื›ืœ ื•ื™ื›ืจืชื• ืžืฉื ื–ืžื•ืจื” ื•ืืฉื›ื•ืœ ืขื ื‘ื™ื ืื—ื“ ื•ื™ืฉืื”ื• ื‘ืžื•ื˜ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืžืŸ ื”ืจืžื ื™ื ื•ืžืŸ ื”ืชืื ื™ื. (ื™ื’ ื›ื’). ืžื” ื”ื ื”ื‘ื™ืื•, ื–ืžื•ืจื” ื•ืืฉื›ื•ืœ ืขื ื‘ื™ื ืื—ื“, ืืฉื›ื•ืœ ืขื ื‘ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื—ืช ื›ืžื” ืืฉื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“ ืื—ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืฉื›ื•ืœ ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื™ื” ืขื ืขื ื‘ื™ื ื›”ื› ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงื—ืชื•.

ืชืืจื• ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ื›ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืขื ื‘ื™ื ื›ืืœื• ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ืขื ื‘ ืื—ื“ ืฉืžืกืคื™ืง ืœืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœืžื”, ืื™ืŸ ืœืฉืขืจ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืชืื ื” ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ืœ ืœืกื—ื•ื‘ ืจืง ืคืจื™ ืื—ื“, ืชืืจื• ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ืืœื• ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืœืจื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืžื” ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฅ ืจื™ืžื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืชืื ื” ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืชืื ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช ืฉืžืœืื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืœืขื™ื, ืืœื ืชืื ื” ืžืœืื” ื“ื‘ืฉ, (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืงื™ื ื‘ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืขืžื•ื“, ื•ื‘ืจืฉ”ื™ ืคืจ’ ืงื“ืฉ ืœื™ ื‘ืคืจ’ ื‘ื), ื•ืจืง ืžืœืจืื•ืช ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืืœื• ื–ื” ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืจื’ืฉ ื•ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืฉืคืข ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
ืฉื›ืœ ืขืฆืžื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ื” ื ืชื›ื•ื•ื ื•
ืจืฉ”ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ืž’ ื‘ืกื•ื˜ื”: ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื›ืœื‘ ืœื ื ื˜ืœื• ื›ืœื•ื, ืœืคื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืขืฆืžื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ื” ื ืชื›ื•ื•ื ื•, ื‘ืื• ื•ื ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื™ื™ืš ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื“ื™ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืืœื• ืžืœืื•ืช ืฉืคืข ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื ืชืŸ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื™ืช’ ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉ”ื™ ื›ืฉื ืฉืคื™ืจื” ืžืฉื•ื ื” ื›ืš ืขืžื” ืžืฉื•ื ื”, ืžื‘ื”ื™ืœ ืžืื•ื“ ืกืžื•ื™ ืขื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื ื’ืจื ืžื ื’ื™ืขื” ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ืฆืืช ื“ื‘ื”. ื ื•ืจื.

ื•ื™ื•ืฆื™ืื• ื“ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ืชืจื• ืืชื” ืืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืžืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ืขื‘ืจื ื• ื‘ื” ืœืชื•ืจ ืืชื” ืืจืฅ ืื›ืœืช ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืืฉืจ ืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ืื ืฉื™ ืžื“ื•ืช (ื™ื’ ืœื‘). ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืจืฉ”ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืขื‘ืจื ื• ืžืฆืื ื•ื ืงื•ื‘ืจื™ ืžืชื™ื. ื•ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืขืฉื” ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื˜ืจื“ื ื‘ืื‘ืœื ื•ืœื ื™ืชื ื• ืœื‘ ืœืืœื•. ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืคื—ื“ ืœืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ, ื”ืจื™ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืืžืจ ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืžืจื’ืœื™ื, ืฉืœื— ืœืš, ื•ื‘ื›”ื– ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื›ืŸ ืœืฉืœื•ื—, ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืขืฉื” ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื•ื”ืขืกื™ืง ืืช ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ืขื ืœื•ื•ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืžื” ื”ื ืืžืจื•, ืฉื–ื” ืืจืฅ ืื•ื›ืœืช ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื”.

ืžืจืŸ ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืคืœืขืจ ื‘ืกืคืจื• ื”ื ื—ืžื“ ื‘ืจื›ืช ืคืจืฅ ืžื‘ืืจ ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืจื™ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื”ืงื‘”ื” ื›ืš ืกื•ื‘ื‘ ืœืžืขื ื, ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืืจืฅ ืื•ื›ืœืช ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื”, ื•ืžื‘ืืจ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื’ืž’ ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช (ืกื‘ ื): ื””ืž ืžื™ืœืชื ื—ื“ืชื™ ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื“ืฉื ืŸ ื‘ื” ืœื ื“ืืžืจื™ ืื™ื ืฉื™ ื“ืžืœืคื™ ืชื›ืœื™ ืœื ื‘ื”ืชื”. ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉ”ื™: ืืฉื” ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ืช ืœืฉื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื” ืœืงื•ื‘ืจื ืื™ื ื” ืชืžื™ื”ื ื•ืžืคื—ื“ืช ื‘ืžื•ืช ื’ ืžื”ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ืช. ื•ื”ื ื” ืื ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื•ืจืช ืžืชื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืื– ื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื›”ื› ื˜ืจื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื’ืชื ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื” ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื˜ืจื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืขืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ื•ื–ื” ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืขืœื™ื”ื, ื•ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ื›ื— ื”ื ื’ื™ืขื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืจืข.

ื•ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืจืš ื”ื“ืจืš ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื”ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื ื’ื™ืขื”, ื’ื ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืฉืœื— ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืงืจื—, ื‘ื’ืž’ ื‘ื‘”ื‘ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืงืจื— ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื’ื™ื”ื ื•ื ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ื’ื™ืขื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื•, ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืงืจื— ื•ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื•ื ืคืขืœ, ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืจืฉ”ื™ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืคืจืฉืช ืงืจื—: ื•ืžื” ืจืื” ืงืจื— ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืขื ืžืฉื” ื ืชืงื ื ืขืœ ื ืฉื™ืื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืืœื™ืฆืคืŸ ื•ื›ื•’, ื•ืงืจื— ืฉืคื™ืงื— ื”ื™ื” ืžื” ืจืื” ืœืฉื˜ื•ืช ื–ื•, ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืฆื“ื™ืง, ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืืจื•ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื ืชืงื ื, ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืงื ืื”, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืงื ืื”, ื•ืงื ืื” ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืฆื” ื’ื ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ืื•ืช ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช, ื•ืงื™ื ื ื‘ืžืฉื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืœืš, ื•ื‘ืื”ืจืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื›ื””ื’, ื•ืจืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ืฉื™ื, ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืื•ืžืจ ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืงื”ืช ืขืžืจื ื•ื™ืฆื”ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ื•ืขื•ื–ื™ืืœ, ืขืžืจื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื™ืฆื”ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™, ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื•ืขื•ื–ื™ืืœ ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™, ื•ืžื™ ื ื”ื™ื” ื ืฉื™ื ืืœื™ืฆืคืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืขื•ื–ื™ืืœ ืข”ืค ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื•ืงืจื— ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื”ืจ, ื•ื–ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื•, ื•ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื” ื ืชืงื ื.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืื ืงืจื— ื”ื™ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืžื™ื ืืœื• ื•ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื• ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ืœืš ืœืžืฉื” ื•ื˜ืขืŸ ืœื• ืืช ื˜ืขื ื•ืชื™ืš, (ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื˜ืขื ื” ืืฉืช ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืคืœืช ืžื” ืขืœื™ืš ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ ื”ืจื™ ืืชื” ืžื™ืœื ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืฆื™ืœื” ืœื• ืืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช), ื•ืงืจื— ืœื ืขืฉื” ื›ืš ืืœื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืขื ืฉืืœื•ืช, ื˜ืœื™ืช ืฉื›ื•ืœื” ืชื›ืœืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื‘ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช ืื• ืคื˜ื•ืจื”, ื‘ื™ืช ืžืœื ืกืคืจื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ืื• ืคื˜ื•ืจ, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืœื™ืฆื ื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืฆืจืฃ ืื™ืœื™ื• ืืช ืขื“ืชื•, ื•ืœื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ืœื• ื”ื ื™ื“ื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช ื•ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ืืœื ื”ื ื’ื™ืขื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื• ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืื•ืชื• ืœืฉืืœื•ืช ืืœื•.

ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ, ื”ืจื™ ืงืจื— ื”ืœืš ื•ื”ืœื‘ื™ืฉ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืืชื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื˜ืœื™ืชื•ืช ืฉื›ื•ืœืŸ ืชื›ืœืช, ื•ื”ื ื” ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื—ื–”ืœ: ืช”ืจ ื—ืœื–ื•ืŸ ื–ื”ื• ื’ื•ืคื• ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื• ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื“ื’ ื•ืขื•ืœื” ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ื•ื‘ื“ืžื• ืฆื•ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ืชื›ืœืช ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื“ืžื™ื• ื™ืงืจื™ื (ืžื ื—ื•ืช ืžื“ ื). ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื”ืชื›ืœืช ื”ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ืงืจ ืžืื•ื“, ื•ืื ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช ื”ืจื™ ืง”ื• ืœืงื—ืช ืžืืชื™ื ื•ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื˜ืœื™ืชื•ืช ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืชื›ืœืช ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื•ืŸ ืจื‘, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืงืจื— ืฉืขืฉื™ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื•ืขืœื™ื• ื ืืžืจ, ืขื•ืฉืจ ืฉืžื•ืจ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ื• ืœืจืขืชื•, ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื•ืŸ ืขืชืง ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืžื” ื”ื•ืฆืจืš ืœื–ื”, ื”ืจื™ ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขื“ืชื• ื•ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ืžืฉื” ื”ืื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช ืื• ืœื.

ื•ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ื›ืžื” ื“ืจื›ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืคืฉื˜ ื”ื•ื ืฉืงืจื— ืจืฆื” ืœื”ืœื‘ื™ืฉื ื•ืœื‘ื•ื ืœืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ื“ื•ื•ืงื,ย  ื•ืื– ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ื™ื’ื™ื“ ืœื”ื ืฉื”ื˜ืœื™ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช, ื•ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ืœื™ ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช ื•ืื– ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ื” ื”ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื ื’ื™ืขื” ื•ื›ืš ื™ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืœืงืจื—.
ืื™ื ื™ ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื›ื•ืœื›ื
ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื•ื™ืงื”ืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืงืจื—, ื›ืชื‘ ืจืฉ”ื™: ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืœื™ืฆื ื•ืช, ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ืœื” ื”ื”ื•ื ื”ืœืš ืืฆืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ื•ืคืชื” ืื•ืชื, ื›ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ืŸ ืืชื ืฉืขืœื™ ืœื‘ื“ื™ ืื ื™ ืžืงืคื™ื“, ืื™ื ื™ ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื›ื•ืœื›ื, ืืœื• ื‘ืื™ืŸ ื•ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช, ืœื• ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืœืื—ื™ื• ื”ื›ื”ื•ื ื”, ืขื“ ืฉื ืชืคืชื• ื›ื•ืœื. ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉืœ ืงืจื— ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื, ืื™ื ื™ ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื›ื•ืœื›ื, ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืช ืœื”ื, ื”ืจื™ ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืื™ื–ื” ื“ืจื’ื” ื•ื‘ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืื’ ืœื”ื, ืืœื ื”ืคืฉื˜ ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ื— ื”ื ื’ื™ืขื” ื”ื™ื ื›”ื› ืงืฉื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื™ืฆื ื•ืช ื•ืขื™”ื– ืœื’ืจื•ื ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื”ืชืคืชื• ื•ื›ืžืฉ”ื› ืจืฉ”ื™ ืข”ื™ ืœื™ืฆื ื•ืช, ื•ืื– ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืืžื™ืชื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื›ืœืœ.

(ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืชืžื™ื“ ื›ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืคืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืงืฉื”, ื”ืจื™ ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื•ืงืจื— ืืœื• ืคืจืฉื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช, ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ื›”ื› ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื ืคืœื•, ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืžืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืฉืงืจื— ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื•ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ื”ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื•ืืช ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืกื™ื“, ื•ืื—”ื› ืคืจืฉืช ื—ื•ืงืช, ื—ื˜ื ืžืฉื” ื•ืื”ืจืŸ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื‘ื–ื” ืฉื•ื ื”ืฉื’ื”, ื–ื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืงืฉื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืœื™ื ื•, ื•ืื—”ื› ื›ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ืœืง ืื ื• ื ืจื’ืขื™ื, ื‘ืœืขื ืฉื™ืงืœืœ ื›ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื”, ื”ื’ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ื ื’ื“ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืœ ืขืœ ื”ื ืฉืžื”, ื•ืคืจืฉื•ืช ืืœื• ื”ื ืžืื•ื“ ืงืฉื•ืช ื•ื–ื” ืคื—ื“ ื•ืื™ืžื” ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœืขืฆืžื ื•).

ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช, ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ืžื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืคืœืขืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื‘ื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื’ื ื ื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ืžื ื’ื™ืขื•ืช, ืื ื™ ืจืง ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื” ื–ื” ืžืคืœื’ื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืงื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ื—ืœื™ืœื™ื” ืจืง ืœื“ืขืช ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ืื™ืš ื”ื ืžืฉื›ื ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื, ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืื•ืชื• ืจืืฉย  ืžืคืœื’ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื—ืจื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ืชื‘ื•ืื• ืืฆืœื ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื•ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘, ื•ืœืžื—ืจืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืขื•ื ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืขื ืžื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ, (ืื—ื“ ืคืขื ืืžืจ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืชื™ ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืชื™ ืœืงื™ื™ื, ื›ืš ืืžืจ ืžื™ืฉื”ื•), ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื’ื ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื ื’ื™ืขื”, ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื›ื ืข ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื ืชืจืื• ืื™ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืืฆืœื ื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืจืื” ื›ืžื” ืฉื”ืฉื ื™ ืขืฉื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช, ืืกื•ืจ ืœื“ืžื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ืœืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื•ืœืงืจื— , ืื‘ืœ ืจืง ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืœ ืฉืื“ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ืคื•ืœ ื•ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื•.

ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื ื’ื™ืขื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืœื‘ืŸ ืื“ื ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืื•ืชื• ืœื—ื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช.
ืžื” ื‘ื™ืืชืŸ ื‘ืขืฆื” ืจืขื” ืืฃ ื”ืœื™ื›ืชืŸ ื‘ืขืฆื” ืจืขื”
ื•ื”ื ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื”ืจื™ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ืืจืฅ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ื‘ืžืจื’ืœื™ื, ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืžืฉื” ืขืฆืžื• ืืžืจ ื•ื™ื˜ื‘ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืจืฉ”ื™ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื: ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื‘ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ. ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื•ืœื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื, ื•ืื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืžืฉื” ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืžื” ืืžืจื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ื—ื•ืช, ืžืฉืœ ืœืื“ื ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจื• ืžื›ื•ืจ ืœื™ ื—ืžื•ืจืš ื–ื”, ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืŸ, ื ื•ืชื ื• ืืชื” ืœื™ ืœื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ, ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืŸ, ื‘ื”ืจื™ื ื•ื’ื‘ืขื•ืช, ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืŸ, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืจืื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืขื›ื‘ื• ื›ืœื•ื, ืืžืจ ื”ืœื•ืงื— ื‘ืœื‘ื•, ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉืœื ืืžืฆื ื‘ื• ืžื•ื, ืžื™ื“ ืืžืจ ืœื• ื˜ื•ืœ ืžืขื•ืชื™ืš ื•ืื™ื ื™ ืžื ืกื”ื• ืžืขืชื”, ืืฃ ืื ื™ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืชื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื›ื, ืฉืžื ืชื—ื–ืจื• ื‘ื›ื ื›ืฉืชืจืื• ืื™ื ื™ ืžืขื›ื‘, ื•ืืชื ืœื ื—ื–ืจืชื ื‘ื›ื. (ื ื›ื’). ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืจืฉ”ื™, ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืขืœื• ื–ื” ื‘ื ื’ื‘ ื•ืจืื™ืชื ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ, ืœื›ื• ืชืจืื• ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื”ื ื™ื’ื™ื“ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื”ืชืขืงืฉื• ืœืจืื•ืช, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืืจืฅ ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.

ื”ืจืžื‘”ืŸ ืœื•ืžื“ ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ ืžืจื’ืœื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืื ื”ืžืงื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืื• ืœื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื’ืฉืžื™ืช, ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ืื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื”ื ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืœื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืขืœื• ื–ื” ื‘ื ื’ื‘ ื•ืจืื™ืชื ืืช ื”ื”ืจ, ื•ื”ื—ื–ืง ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืคื” ื•ืžื” ื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ื›ื•’ ืœืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื—ืœื™ืœื” ืฉืืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืœื ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืœืžืจื’ืœื™ื ืชืจืื• ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืžืœื—ืžื”, ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืœื”ืกืชืžืš ืจืง ืขืœ ื ืก. (ื™ืฉ ืžื”ืœืš ืฉืœ ื˜ืขืœื– ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉืžืื—ืจ ื•ื‘ื ”ื™ ืจืฆื• ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ืœืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ, ืžืžื™ืœื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ ืื™ืชื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื›ื–ื”,ื•ื–ื” ืžื”ืœืš ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื ืœืžื“ ื›ืคื™ ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช), ื•ื”ืืžืช ืฉื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ื—ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ืืœืžืœื ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื›ืฉื”ื ื—ื–ืจื• ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืจืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื”.

ืจืฉ”ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืงย ื•ื™ืœื›ื• ื•ื™ื‘ืื• ืืœ ืžืฉื” ื•ืืœ ืื”ืจืŸ: ืžื”ื• ื•ื™ืœื›ื•, ืœื”ืงื™ืฉ ื”ืœื™ื›ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืืชืŸ, ืžื” ื‘ื™ืืชืŸ ื‘ืขืฆื” ืจืขื” ืืฃ ื”ืœื™ื›ืชืŸ ื‘ืขืฆื” ืจืขื”. (ื™ื’ ื›ื•). ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืœื›ื• ื”ื ื”ืœื›ื• ื‘ืขืฆื” ืจืขื”, ื•ื–ื” ืคื—ื“ ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืขื™ื“ื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืฉืจื™ื, ื•ืžืจืŸ ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืคืœืขืจ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ืขื”, ื•ืžื™ื“ ื ื›ื ืก ื‘ื”ื ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื ืคื™ืœื” ืฉืœื”ื, ื•ืื ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ื“ืขืชื ืœื“ืขืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื™”ืช ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ื ื’ื™ืขื”, ื•ื—ืœืœื™ื” ืื ื™ืฉ ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื”ื ื’ื™ืขื” ืžืชื—ื–ืงืช, ื•ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืžืชืขื•ื•ืจื•ืช.
ืื ืŸ ืžื” ืชื”ื•ื™ ืขืœืŸ
ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื’ืž’ ื‘ื—ื’ื™ื’ื”: ืืฉื›ื—ื™ื” ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืœืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื“ืชืœื™ ื‘ืขื™ื‘ืจื ื“ื“ืฉื ื•ืงื ื‘ื›ื™ ื”ืœ ืฉื™ื ื ื ืžืื™ ืงื ื‘ื›ื™ืช ื”ืœ ืžื™ ื–ื•ื˜ืจื ืžืื™ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื”ื• ื‘ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืื™ื” ืกื•ืคืจ ืื™ื” ืฉื•ืงืœ, ืื™ื” ืกื•ืคืจ ืืช ื”ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืื™ื” ืกื•ืคืจ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืื™ื” ืฉื•ืงืœ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ืงืœื™ื ืงืœื™ืŸ ื•ื—ืžื•ืจื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืื™ื” ืกื•ืคืจ ืืช ื”ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ื ื™ืŸ ื’’ ืžืื•ืช ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ืžื’ื“ืœ ื”ืคื•ืจื— ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื•ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืืžื™ ืชืœืช ืžืื” ื‘ืขื™ื™ ื‘ืขื• ื“ื•ืื’ ื•ืื—ื™ืชื•ืคืœ ื‘ืžื’ื“ืœ ื”ืคื•ืจื— ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื•ืชื ืŸ ื’’ ืžืœื›ื™ื ื•ืืจื‘ืขื” ื”ื“ื™ื•ื˜ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื—ืœืง ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื, ืื ืŸ ืžื” ืชื”ื•ื™ ืขืœืŸ. (ื˜ื• ื‘). ื•ื›ืฉืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืคืจืฉื•ืช ืืœื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช, ืžื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื” ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ื•ืื ืŸ ืžื” ืชื”ื•ื™ ืขืœืŸ.

ื•ืขืฆื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ืคืจืฉื”, ื›ืฉื›ืœื‘ ืจืื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื›ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืฆืช ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื”ื•ื ืจืฅ ืœืงื‘ืจื™ ืื‘ื•ืช, ืื‘ื•ืชื™ ื‘ืงืฉื• ืขืœื™ ืจื—ืžื™ื, ืจื‘ืฉ”ืข ืชืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื™, ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืฆืœื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข, ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืžื‘ืจืš ืื•ืชื• ืงื” ื™ื•ืฉื™ืขืš ืžืขืฆืช ืžืจื’ืœื™ื, (ืชืขื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื—”ื— ืขื””ืช ืฉืžื‘ืืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืœื ื‘ื™ืจืš ื’ื ืืช ื›ืœื‘), ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉื ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื•ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ.

ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืœื ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื, ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืฉืชื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉื™ืกื‘ื™ืจื• ืœื ื•: ื•ื›ื“ื™ ื—ืžื ืžืฉื” ืขื ื•ื•ืชื ื•ืชื™ื” ืงืจื ืžืฉื” ืœื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข. ืื—ืจ ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืจืื” ืืช ื”ืขื ื•ื•ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขืœื™ื•, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืชื—ื•ืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื›ืœ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืข”ื™ ื’ืื•ื•ื” ืฉื”ืจื™ ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื•ื ื’ื™ืขื” ื”ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“, ื•ืžื™ ื™ืืžืจ ื–ื™ื›ื™ืชื™ ืœื™ื‘ื™ ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื.

ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืคืขื ืžืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืคืœืฆื™ื ืกืงื™ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืืฆืœ ืžืจืŸ ื”ื—ื–ื•”ื ื–ืฆ”ืœ ื•ื”ื—ื–ื•”ื ื‘ื™ืจืจ ืขืœ ืช”ื— ืคืœื•ื ื™ ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช, ื•ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืืžืจ ืœื—ื–ื•”ื ืฉืื—ื“ ืืžืจ ืœื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืื“ื ืžืื•ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืื™ื–ื” ื ื’ื™ืขื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืื‘ื“, ื•ื”ื—ื–ื•”ื ื ืขืžื“ ื•ืืžืจ ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื›ืฉืœ ื‘ื—ื˜ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื—ื˜ื ื ื•ืจื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื ื’ื™ืขื”, ืชื’ื™ื“ ืœื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืืจื‘ืข ืฉืขื•ืช ืžืชื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืŸ ืื“ื ื ื’ื™ืขื”, ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืื ื”ื•ื ื ื›ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื’ื™ืขื”, ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื™ ืœื ืจืื•ื™ ืœื–ื”.

ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื“ื ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื”ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœื™ื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืžืจื‘ืฉ”ืข ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื™ ื”’ ื“ืจื›ืš, ืชืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื™, ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื•ืžื“ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืง’ ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืจื™ ืขื“ื•ืช ื”’ ื ืืžื ื” ืžื—ื›ื™ืžืช ืคืชื™, ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื—ื›ื™ืžื”, ืื– ื”ื‘ื ืœื”ื™ื˜ื”ืจ ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืื ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื™ืจืื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ื‘ืืžืช ืื– ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื™ื“ืื’ ืœื•, ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืœื ืœื”ื™ื›ืฉืœ ื•ืฉื”ืœื‘ ื™ื™ื›ื ืข ืœื”ืงื‘”ื”, ื•ืžื™ ืฉื ื›ื ืข ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืœื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื›ืฉืœ, ื•ืื– ื”ื•ื ื™ื“ืข ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืฉืจื™ื• ื•ืืฉืจื™ ื—ืœืงื•.

ื•ืขื•ื“ ืขืฆื”, ืื ืื“ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื›ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ืืžืช, ืžืจืŸ ื”ืกื‘ื ืžืกืœื‘ื•ื“ืงื ื–ืฆ”ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ืจืื” ืœื• ืฉื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉืœื• ืœื ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื•ืžื™ื“ ื”ื•ื ื™ืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉืœื•, ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉื”ืกื‘ื ื”ืจื™ ื›”ื› ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ื”, ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื—ื ืš ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืฉื‘ื“ืงื” ืื—ืช ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืงืฆื” ืืœ ื”ืงืฆื”, (ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื ืฉื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื ื“ืข ืื™ืš ืœื—ื ืš, ืืกื•ืจ ืœื—ื ืš ืœืคื™ ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ืืกื•ืจ ืฉืชืœืžื™ื“ ื™ื’ื™ื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ื”ืžื’”ืฉ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืขืก ืื‘ืœ ืžื—ืจ ื›ืŸ, ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ื ื•ื™ ืข”ืค ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืจื•ื— ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ืจื‘, ื‘ืกืœื‘ื•ื“ืงื ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื” ืžืชืื™ื ืงื™ืจื•ื‘ ืื• ืจื™ื—ื•ืง, ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืชื•ืš ืื”ื‘ืช ื ืคืฉ, ืื ื”ืกื‘ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžืกืคื™ืง ืื”ื‘ื” ืื– ื”ื™ื” ืจืง ืงื™ืจื•ื‘, ื•ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืขืฉืชื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ืคืกื™ื“ ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื—).

ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื•, ื•ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืชืงื•ื•ืชื ื• ื•ื”ื‘ื ืœื˜ื”ืจ ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ืื•ืชื•, ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื™ื˜ื”ืจ ืœื™ื‘ื ื• ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื• ื‘ืืžืช, ื•ืฉื ืœืš ื‘ื“ืจืš ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื•ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ื ืขืฉื” ื ื—”ืจ ืœื”ืงื‘”ื”.

ืฉื™ื—ื” ืฉื ืžืกืจื” ื‘ื”ื™ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ืง’ (ืชื•ืจื’ื ืžืื™ื“ื™ืฉ ื›ืคื™ ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ื›ื•ืชื‘)

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Caplan, Harav Hagaon Yitzchok Shlita

Flowers, Not Force

Parshas Korach

Harav Hagaon Yitzchok Caplan shlita

Parshas Korach discusses the story of Korach vaโ€™adaso. The Mishnah describes the dispute as that of Korach vaโ€™adaso, not as a machlokes with Moshe Rabbeinu (Avos 5:17; see also Bamidbar 17:5). Moshe Rabbeinu wasnโ€™t fighting with them.

What was the final result? The Torah tells us, ื•ึทื™ึนึผืื‘ึฐื“ื•ึผ ืžึดืชึผื•ึนืšึฐ ื”ึทืงึธึผื”ึธืœ โ€“ Korach and those with him disappeared. The earth miraculously opened its mouth, and they, their families, their possessions, and their tents were all swallowed up. The earth covered them as though they had never existed. The Mishnah (ibid. 5:6), tells us that Hakadosh Baruch Hu created the mouth of the earth during the week of Brias Haโ€™olam, bein hashmashos just before Shabbos.

What happened to the 250 men who joined Korach’s rebellion and brought ketores? The Torah relates that a fire emanated from Hakadosh Baruch Hu and killed them.

When this occurred, Klal Yisrael were up in arms. โ€œืึทืชึถึผื ื”ึฒืžึดืชึถึผื ืึถืช ืขึทื ื”ืณ โ€” You killed all these people,โ€ they accused Moshe and Aharon.

Hakadosh Baruch Hu then brought a mageifah that swiftly killed 14,700 people. Yet even that was not enough to convince Klal Yisrael that Moshe Rabbeinu was right.

Finally, Hakadosh Baruch Hu told Moshe Rabbeinu: I have a way to cause the complaints of Bnei Yisrael to subside. Let each shevet bring a stick, to be placed in the Mishkan, and whichever shevetโ€™s stick would sprout flowers, its leader would be shown to be the one I have chosen.

This is hard to understand. How would some sticks, of all things, convince Klal Yisrael? They didnโ€™t even see where the sticks were placed; they were not allowed to enter the Mishkan. For all they knew, Moshe Rabbeinu didnโ€™t even put them there. Maybe he placed only Aharonโ€™s stick there!

The Sforno actually notes that in the end, each shevet came to retrieve their stick โ€“ as the passuk states, ื•ึทื™ึธึผื‘ึนืื•ึผ ื•ึทื™ึดึผืงึฐื—ื•ึผ ืึดื™ืฉื ืžึทื˜ึตึผื”ื•ึผ โ€“ and each of them examined their stick to verify that it was indeed the one they had originally given to Moshe Rabbeinu. Each shevet had made some sort of identifying mark to ensure that the stick that was returned to them was their own.

The fact that Hakadosh Baruch Hu performed a mind-boggling miracle in which the earth opened its mouth and swallowed Korach and his followers and their possessions, no matter where they were, was not enough to convince them.

The fact that fire descended from Shamayim and consumed the 250 people who brought the ketores was not enough to convince them.

The fact that a mageifah from Hakadosh Baruch Hu killed 14,700 people was not enough to convince them.

But the stick of Shevet Levi that sprouted flowers โ€” that enough to convince them?

Settle it Softly

I think thereโ€™s a powerful message here.

You can try to convince someone with strength. You can try to persuade them forcefully. If that doesnโ€™t work, you can try even more force.

It still wonโ€™t work.

Whatโ€™s the way to convince someone? How can you cause someone to understand you and accept what youโ€™re trying to say?

With flowers.

Take the stick, usually used to show force, and get it to produce flowers. Thatโ€™ll convince them.

True, the other methods seemed far more convincing. But if you really want someone to make shalom with you, if you really want someone to understand you, come to him with flowers. When you approach him with pleasantness, youโ€™ll be able to win him over.

This is true with a spouse. Itโ€™s true with children. Itโ€™s true with students, neighbors, colleagues, and anyone else.

There are two ways to go about proving your point. You can try to force the other person to see that youโ€™re right. Or you can come with flowers, or a cake, and say, โ€œLetโ€™s work this out.โ€

According to many Rishonim, the words in this parshah,ย ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื›ึฐืงึนืจึทื— ื•ึฐื›ึทืขึฒื“ึธืชื•ึน, are actually a distinct lav. A person should not be like Korach.

This means that a person should stay away from machlokes. And the best way to stay away from machlokes โ€” or to restore shalom in the aftermath โ€” is by trying to make up in a pleasant fashion.

A Time for Peace

In light of the tragic death of a precious girl in Monsey a week or two ago, and the extraordinary strength shown by her father, who has been preserving shalom at all costs and encouraging others to pursue shalom as well, there has been a tremendous hisorerus over the past couple of weeks. Hundreds of people have performed acts of shalom. Some have ended disputes that had lasted for years.

When there is a hisorerus among the tzibbur, when people come together to strengthen their avodas Hashem, there is an added measure of siyata dโ€™Shmaya.

Letโ€™s take advantage of that opportunity.

Each of us should spend a minute or two thinking: Is there anyone against whom I bear a grudge? Is there anyone with whom I have a machlokes? Is there a relationship lacking shalom that I have the ability to repair?

Maybe youโ€™re right. Maybe youโ€™re 100% right. And youโ€™ve even tried convincing the other person, but it hasnโ€™t worked.

Try something else. Try convincing them with flowers.

I heard an amazing story about Rav Nissim Karelitz that illustrates how far a person should go for shalom.

Rav Nissim Karelitzโ€™s neighbor in his building in Bnei Brak approached him and reported that he had just spent 600 shekel to repair a blockage in his sewage pipe, and he believed Rav Nissim Karelitz was responsible. Why? Because Rav Nissim had recently painted, and had poured the leftover paint down the sink, causing the blockage

Rav Nissim Karelitz immediately took out 600 shekel and paid him.

His son, who witnessed the exchange, later asked, โ€œAbba, were you really obligated to pay him?โ€

โ€œNo,โ€ Rav Nissim Karelitz replied. โ€œI wasnโ€™t obligated to pay, for three separate reasons.

โ€œFirst, when paint is poured down a drain and mixes with water, it becomes diluted and does not block the pipes. Second, we live on different sides of the building, and my pipes donโ€™t run through his section. Even if I had caused a blockage, it wouldnโ€™t have affected his pipes. And third, I never painted in the first place.โ€

His son was astonished.

โ€œSo why did you pay him?โ€

Rav Nissim Karelitz answered: โ€œBecause itโ€™s worth paying a few hundred shekel to live in peace with your neighbors and avoid a fight.โ€

Certainly, if a person is already involved in a dispute, itโ€™s worth a few hundred shekel โ€” or perhaps even more โ€” to restore shalom.

There is a hisorerus in Klal Yisrael, so this is an opportune time, when extra siyata dโ€™Shmaya is available.

Bโ€™ezras Hashem, we should be zocheh to a true Shabbos Shalom this week and always.

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