BamidbarKorach

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•

Finkel, Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Nosson Tzvi ztโ€l

ื•ื™ืงืžื• ืœืคื ื™ ืžืฉื” ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ืžืฉื™ื ื•ืžืืชื™ื ื ืฉื™ืื™ ืขื“ ืงืจื™ืื™ ืžื•ืขื“ ืื ืฉื™ ืฉื (ื˜ื–, ื‘)
ื”ื ื” ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืชื• ืฉืœ ืงื•ืจื— ื”ืฉืชืชืคื• ืžืืชื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืจืืฉื™ ืกื ื”ื“ืจืื•ืช. ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ, ืื™ืš ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื›”ื› ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื ืคืœื• ื‘ืจืฉืชื• ืฉืœ ืงื•ืจื—, ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืฉืขื“ ืื– ืœื ืงื ืžื™ ืฉื—ืœืง ืขืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื•?

ืืœื ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื•ื—ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืงื•ืจื— ื”ื™ื” ื”ืœื™ืฆื ื•ืช. ื•ื›ืžืฉ”ื ื—ื–”ืœ (ื™ืœืงื•”ืฉ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื– ืจืžื– ืชืฉื ): ื•ื‘ืžื•ืฉื‘ ืœืฆื™ื ืœื ื™ืฉื‘ โ€“ ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื— ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืชืœื•ืฆืฅ ืขืœ ืžืฉื” ื•ืื”ืจืŸ. ืžื” ืขืฉื”, ื›ื™ื ืก ืขืœื™ื”ื ื›ืœ ื”ืงื”ืœ ื•ื›ื•’ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืœื™ืฆื ื•ืช, ืืžืจ ืœื”ืŸ ืืœืžื ื” ืื—ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืฉื›ื ื•ืชื™ ื•ืขืžื” ืฉืชื™ ื ืขืจื•ืช ื™ืชื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื’ื•’, ืขื™ื™”ืฉ ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ.

ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื—ื–”ืœ ืฉืข”ื™ ื”ืœื™ืฆื ื•ืช ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืงื•ืจื— ืœื”ื˜ื•ืช ืืช ืœื™ื‘ื ืฉืœ ืžืืชื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืจืืฉื™ ืกื ื”ื“ืจืื•ืช ื•ืฉืืจ ื›ืœ ืขื“ืชื•. ื›ื— ื”ืœื™ืฆื ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืื™ื•ื ื•ื ื•ืจื. ืืคื™ืœื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ืคืงื—ื™ื ื•ืจืืฉื™ ื ืฉื™ืื™ ื”ืขื“ื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ื•, ื”ื•ื ืžืกื™ื— ืืช ื“ืขืช ื•ืžื‘ืœื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”.

ืงื•ืจื— ื™ื“ืข ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ืฆื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืš ื ื’ื“ ืžืฉื” ื•ืื”ืจืŸ, ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื•ื ื˜ืขื  ืืžืชื™ืช ื ื’ื“ื. ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืœื™ืฆื ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื‘ืœื‘ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืืœืžื ื” ื”ืื•ืžืœืœื” ื•ืœื”ื˜ืขื•ืช ืขื™”ื– ืืช ืขื“ืชื• ืขื“ ืฉื›ืคืจื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื•ื™ืจื“ื• ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืชื—ืชื™ืช.

ื™ืฉ ื›ืืœื• ืฉืžื—ืœื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืฆื ื•ืช ืœืฉืžื—ื”. ืื“ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื•ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ืœื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ื ืฆื•ื”ืœื•ืช. ืืš ื”ืœื™ืฆื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืขื ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืœื’ืžืจื™. ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืœื™ืฆื ื•ืช ื•ืฆื—ื•ืง ืžื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื–ืœื–ื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ื—”ื• ืื™ื ื• ืžื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืฉื•ื ืžืฆื•ื” ื•ื‘ืจื’ืข ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืคืœ ื‘ืจืฉืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื–ื•ืžื ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ื•.

ืœื™ืฆื ื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืื—ืช ื”ืŸ. ื›ืฉื ืฉื™ืกื•ื“ ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืœื™ืฆื ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ื•ื›ื•ื‘ื“ ืจืืฉ, ื›ืš ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžื” ืฉืื“ื ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื• ืžืชื•ืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ืžืขืฉื™ื• ืื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ืื• ืœื. ื ืžืฆื ืฉื›ืคื™ ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืœื™ืฆื ื•ืช ื‘ืื“ื ื›ืš ื”ื™ืย  ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช. ืื“ื ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืœื™ืฆื ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืจื’ืข ืื—ื“ ืœื™ืคื•ืœ ื•ืœื‘ื•ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื•ืœื™ืคื•ืœ ืขื“ ืฉืื•ืœ ืชื—ืชื™ืช.

ืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชืŸ ืฆื‘ื™ ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื”

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื

Finkel, Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Eliezer Yehuda ztโ€l

ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ืขื•ืœ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื•
ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ื””ื— ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืจื‘ื” ืœืฆื•ื ืขืœ ืฆืจื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื.

ื”ื™ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืžืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืœื™ืฉื•ืขืชื, ืืš ืžืฉื ื•ืฉืขื• ืœื ื‘ืื• ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืœื• ืขืœ ื›ืš. ืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš: “ืœืžื” ืœื ืกื™ืคืจืชื ืœื™? ืื ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื ืขืœ ื”ืฆืจื” ื”ื–ื•!”

ื”ืจื””ื’ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืืœ ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื• “ืžืจื‘ื™ืฅ ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืขืœ ืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™ ื–ืฆ”ืœ:

ืดื‘ื ืงืœ ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืกืคืง ืืช ื›ืœ ืฆืจื›ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืจืณ ืœื™ื™ื–ืจ ื™ื•ื“ืœ, ื›ื™ ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืฉื•ื ื›ืœื•ื, ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื™ื” ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ืฉื‘ื“ื‘ืจ. ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื‘ื ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืคื™ื•, ืกืขื“ ืจืง ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื, ืืœื ืฉืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื ืกืขื“ ื›ืœืœ.

ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื›ื™ ื™ื›ื ืก ืืœื™ื• ื•ืกื™ืคืจ ืœื• ืขืœ ืฆืจ ื•ืžืฆื•ืง ืฉืžืฆืื•ื”ื•, ืžื™ื“ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ืชืขื ื™ืช ืœืžื—ืจ ืœื–ื›ื•ืชื•…

ื•ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ืช, ื‘ืชื•, ืืฉืช ืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™ ื”ื’ืจืดื— ืฉืžื•ืืœื‘ื™ืฅ, ืฉื”ื›ื™ื ื” ื•ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื• ืืช ืืจื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื•, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ืœื‘ ื›ื‘ื“: ื™ืื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื?! ืœื ื™ืื›ืœ?!

ื•ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ืขื™ืชื™ื ืชื›ื•ืคื•ืช, ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื” ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื’ืฉ ื›ืœืขื•ืžืช ืฉื‘ื, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื•ืžืจืช ื•ื“ืžืขื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื”: ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืขืกื˜ ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ (ืชืจื’ื•ื: ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืื•ื›ืœ).

ื”ืื‘ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืฉื™ื“ืข ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื›ื•ืื‘ืช ื‘ืชื• ืืช ืชืขื ื™ื•ืชื™ื•, ื ื™ืกื” ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืœื”ืฆื ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืžื’ืฉ ืฉื™ื“ ืœื ื ื’ืขื” ื‘ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžืกืชื•ืจ. ืื•ืœื ื”ื™ื ื™ื“ืขื” ืœื—ืคืฉ …

ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืœื ื”ืชืขื ื”, ืœืจื•ื•ื—ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ืช, ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื” ืœื”ืฉื’ื™ื— ื”ืฉื’ื— ื”ื™ื˜ื‘, ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื ืกื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ืื‘ื™ื” ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืืจื•ื—ื” ืฉื›ืŸ ืจืณ ืœื™ื™ื–ืจ ื™ื•ื“ืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืื“ืืด

ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืœื›ื”

Shpitzer, Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shlita

ืงืจื—

ืžืฆื•ืช ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืžืขืฉืจื•ืช

ื›ืœ ื—ืœื‘ ื™ืฆื”ืจ ื•ื›ืœ ื—ืœื‘ ืชื™ืจื•ืฉ ื•ื“ื’ืŸ ืจืืฉื™ืชื ืืฉืจ ื™ืชื ื• ืœื”’. ืžื›ืืŸ ืžืฆื•ืช ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืžืขืฉืจื•ืช. ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืกื‘ืจื™ ืฉื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืžื””ืช ืจืง ื›ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืงืจื ืขืœ ื“ื’ืŸ ืชื™ืจื•ืฉ ื•ื™ืฆื”ืจ.

ื•ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืงืฉื• ืžื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืง”ื› ืข”ื› ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื” ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืชืจื•ืžื” ืžืฉืืจ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื“ืžืฉืงื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื”ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื“ื™ืŸ ืชืจื•ืžื”, ื•ื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืŸ ืชืจื•ืžื” ื›ืœืœ ืžื””ืช, ื•ืข”ืฉ ื‘ืจืฉ”ื™ ื•ื‘ืขื””ืžย  ืฉื ื“ื—ืงื• ื‘ื–ื”. ย ื•ืชื™’ ื”ืจืื‘”ื“ ื‘ืก’ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื ืฉื”ืžืคืจื™ืฉ ืชืจื•”ืž ืžืฉืืจ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืืฃ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืž”ืžย  ื—ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื“ื™ืŸ ืชืจื•ืžื” ืžื””ืช.

ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืื‘”ื“ ื‘ืก’ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื ืค’ ื”ืขื•ืจ ื•ื”ืจื•ื˜ื‘, ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื‘ื ื’ื ื‘ื›ื•”ืค ืคืจืง ื’’. ื•ื”ื ื” ืข”ืฉ ื‘ืคืจื—ื™ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืžืจ’ ื™ืจื•ื—ื ืคืขืจืœื ืื•ืช ืœ”ื“ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื“ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืจืื‘”ื“ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื•ื—ืœื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืžื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืค”ืง ื“ืžืขืฉืจื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืงืจ, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืจืžื‘”ื ืค”ื‘ ืžืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื™”ื‘.

ื•ื”ืงืฉื” (ื“”ื” ืื™ื‘ืจื) ืขืœ ื”ืจืื‘”ื“ ืžืคืกื—ื™ื ืž”ื• ื”ื ืช ืœืชืจื•ืžื” ืชื‘ืœื™ืŸ ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืงืฉื” ืžื‘ื™ืฆื” ื’’ ืข”ื‘ ื•ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื ืข”ื’ย  ื“ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ื•ืชื™’ ื“ื”ืจืื‘”ื“ ืœื ื›ืชื‘ ืืœื ืœืชืจืฅ ื”ื’ืž’ ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืง”ื› ืข”ื› ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื” ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืชืจื•ืžื” ืžืฉืืจ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื“ืžืฉืงื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื”ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื“ื™ืŸ ืชืจื•ืžื” ื•ื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืŸ ืชืจื•ืžื” ื›ืœืœ ืžื””ืช, ื•ื›”ื– ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืื ืขืฉื” ื›ืŸ ื•ืจืฆื” ืฉื™ื—ื•ืœ ืฉื ืชืจื•ืžื” ืžื””ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉืชื™ืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื ืชื™ืงื ื• ืฉื™ืคืจื™ืฉ ืชืจื•ืžื” ืฉื—ืœ ืžื””ืช ืืœื ืชื™ืงื ื• ื‘ืกืชืžื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืœื ื—ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ื“ื™ืŸย  ืชืจื•”ืž ืžื””ืช. (ื•ื ืžืฆื ื“ืœื ื›ืชื‘ ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืื‘”ื“ ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื“ื™ื“ืŸ).

ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื (ื“”ื” ื•ืขื›”ืค ?) ื“ืœืคื™ ื”ืจืื‘”ื“ ืžื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืงื•’ ืชื•ืก’ ื‘ืจ”ื” ื™”ื‘ ืข”ื ืžื›ืžื” ื“ื•ื›ืชื™ ื“ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื“ื‘ื™ืœื” ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืชืจื•ืžื” ืžื””ืช, ื•ืฆ”ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื“ืœื ืื™ื™ืจื™ ื‘ืžื™ ืฉื”ืคืจื™ืฉ ืœืงื™ื™ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ื•ื›ื ”ืœ, ืืœื ื‘ืžื™ ืฉื”ืคืจื™ืฉ ื•ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื“ืขืชื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืชย  ืชืจื•ืžื” ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื.

ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื

Finkel, Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Eliezer Yehuda Shlita

ืœืจื’ืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืืจื””ืง, ืฉื™ื—ืช ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืฉืžืกืจ ืžื•ืจื ื• ืจื””ื™ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืฉืข”ื’

ื™ืจืื” ื—ื›ื ื•ื™ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœืงื—.

ืจืฆื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”

ืขืช ืฆืจื” ื”ื™ื ืœื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ืžืžื ื” ื™ื•ื•ืฉืข, ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื ื• ืžืฉืžื™ื ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื”ืชื—ื–ืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืื ืจืื™ืช ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืฆืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืช ืขืœื™ื• ื›ื ื”ืจ ื—ื›ื” ืœื•. ืขืœื™ื ื• ื”ื•ื˜ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขืงื‘ืชื ื“ืžืฉื™ื—ื, ื–ื• ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื–ื›ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื”.

ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื’ืจ”ื ื•ืืช ืœืื” ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื•ืืช ืจื—ืœ ื•ืืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื- ื–ื• ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืขื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืขื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืข”ื– ื”ื™ืฆื””ืจ ืฉื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื—. ื”ืœ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืœืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ืขืงื™ื“ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืžืžืš ื ื ืขืžื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”.

ืžื” ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืžืืชื ื•? ืืžืจ ื”ื—”ื— ืื ื™ืชื›ื ืกื• ื›ืœ ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื•ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืœื ื™ืžืฆืื• ืขืฆื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžืžื” ืฉืืžืจื• ืœื ื• ื—ื–”ืœ ื™ืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื’ืž”ื—. ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืฆืขืง ืœื ื• ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช ืข”ื™ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืืœ ืชืชืขืจื‘ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืืœ ืชืœืžื“ื• ืืชื ืืœ ืชื’ื•ืจื• ืืชื, ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฆื•ืขืงื™ื ืœื ื• ืชืื—ื–ื• ื—ื–ืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืชื—ื–ื™ืงื• ื—ื–ืง ืฉื™ืจืื• ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื ืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืง’. ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ื›ืื•ืชื ื“ื’ื™ื ืฉืืžืจ ืจ”ืข ืœืคืคื•ืก ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืฉืคืขื ืื—ืช ื’ื–ืจื” ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืจืฉืขื” ืฉืœื ื™ืขืกืงื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื™ื” ืจ”ืข ืžืงื”ื™ืœ ืงื”ืœื•ืช ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืืžืจ ืจ”ืข ื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื—ื™ื•ืชื ื• ืื ื• ืžืชื™ืจืื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžื™ืชืชื ื• ืขืื›ื•”ื›. ืืฃ ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉืื ื• ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื” ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ืš ื•ืื•ืจืš ื™ืžื™ืš ืื ืื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ืžืžื ื” ืขืื›ื•”ื›. ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื™ื”ืจื’ ื•ืืœ ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื” ืœื ืกืชื ืžืขืฉื” ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืืœื ื‘ืœื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ืžืžืฉ, ืื ื—”ื• ื™ืฉ ืจืคื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืžื™ื“ ืชืฉืฉ ื›ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื” ื•ื—”ื• ื™ืฉ ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืงื˜ืœื ืคืœื’ื ืจื—”ืœ.

ื›ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืฉืืช, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืงื™ืขื•ืช, ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืชืžื“ื”, ื›ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื ืชืงื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ืžืคืกื™ืงื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ืžืคืจื™ืขื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื•ื””ื–, ื›ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืคืจื ืกื” ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืฉ ืžืžืฉ.

ืžื” ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืคื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื‘ื‘ืช ืขื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื™ื? ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ื”’ ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจืชื• ืจื—”ืœ, ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžืชืง ืืช ืžื“ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื˜ื™ืคื” ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ืขืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืชืžื“ื”, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืงื•ืข ื›ืœ ื”ืจืž”ื— ื‘ืžืชื™ืงื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืงืจืขื™ื ืงืจืขื™ื, ื•ืข”ื– ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ืจื• ืœื ื• ืœื”ืชื—ื–ืง ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ ืจืคื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืฉื™ ืฉื‘ืช. ืœื ื ื™ืชื ื• ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ื•ื™ื•”ื˜ ืืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชืขืกืงื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”. ื”ื—ื–ื•”ื ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื˜”ื– ื•ืจืขืง”ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืงืคื™ื“ื• ืขืœ ืฉื™ืฉื™ ืฉื‘ืช, ื”ืจื™ ืื™ื ื• ื“ื•ืžื” ืžื™ ืฉื—ื™ ื•ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ืจืฆืฃ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืžืคืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืจื—”ืœ. ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืจื—”ืœ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืจื™ืง, ื–ื” ืคื—ื“ ื ื•ืจื.

ื›ืžื” ืืืžื•”ืจ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืข”ื– ื•ืคื•ืขืœ ืข”ื–, ื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื™ื” ื“ืžื•ืช ืžื•ืคืช ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ืขืŸ ืฉืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉื™ ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื, ื”ื™ื” ืžืชืžื™ื“ ื•ืœื•ืžื“ ื›18 ืฉืขื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืฉื™ ืฉื‘ืช. ืคืขื ืฉืืœื• ืื•ืชื• ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื ืžืชืืžืฅ ื›”ื› ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืกื“ืจื™ื? ื”ื•ื ืขื ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชื‘ื™ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื ืฉืžื” ื™ืชื™ืจื” ื™ื•ืจื“ืช ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ื›ืฉืชื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืขืœื” ื™ืฉืืœื• ืื•ืชื” ืžื” ื—ื™ื“ืฉืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ืจื—ืžื ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื” ืื ื”ื™ื ืชืฉืชื•ืง ื•ืชื—ื–ื•ืจ ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื”. ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื–ื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ืจืฆืฃ ืื—ื“, ื–ื” ืœื ืขื•ื“ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืขื•ื“ ืฉืขื”, ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืขื ืจืฆืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืงืจืขื™ื ืงืจืขื™ื. ืื™ื–ื” ืื•ืฉืจ ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืง ื–ื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืกืคืง ืฉืœ ืจืฆืฃ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืฉื™ ืฉื‘ืช. ืืกื•ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืืฉ, ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื”ืชื—ื–ืง ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื—ื–ื™ืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขืช ืžืœื—ืžื” ืืกื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ืชืจืคื•ืช, ืกื“ืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกื“ืจ ืฉืœื ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืคืกืงื™ื.

ื™ืฉ ื‘”ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืงื‘ืœื• ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืคืจื™ืขื™ื ืœืกื•ืฃ ื”ืกื“ืจ, ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืคืจื™ืขื™ื ื•ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ืœื ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืกื ืœื‘ื™ื”ืž”ื“ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืกื“ืจ ื•ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื”ื ืžืขื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืกื™ืคื•ืง ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืฉืขืจ. ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืฉืขื•ืช ืจืฆื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื, ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื›ื–ื” ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจ ื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ืขืฉื™ื ืื“ื ืื—ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™. ืื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืขื ื”ืคืกืงื™ื ื›ืœ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืกื— ื”ื“ืขืช ืžื™ื“ ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืžื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“, ื”ื•ื ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ื ื•ืฉื ืื– ืื™ืš ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฆืžื•ื—? ืื™ื–ื” ืกื™ืคื•ืง ื™ืฉ ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื›ื–ื”?

ื”ื—ื–ื•”ื ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื‘ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื’ืžื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืื” ื™ืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืจื‘ืŸ ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžื ื™ื—ื™ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืื“ื ืืกื•ืชื ื›ืฉืžืชืขื˜ืฉ ืžืคื ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืชื•ืจื”. ืื ืœืคื•ืขืœ ื ืคืกืง ืฉืœื ื™ืืžืจ ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืžืœืื›ื”, ื›”ืฉ ื‘ืžืœืื›ืช ืฉืžื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืžืœืื›ืช ื”’ ืจืžื™ื”.

ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ื›ืฉืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื–ืง ื›ืžื” ืกื ื’ื•ืจื™ื ื–ื•, ื›ืžื” ื”ืฆืœื” ื•ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ื–ื” ืžื‘ื™ื. ื‘ื ืคืฉ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืขืจ ื“ ืคื˜”ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ืžื—ื–”ืœ ื‘ืชื“”ื (ืกื”ืจ ืค”ื“), ื›ืœ ืช”ื— ืฉืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื ื—ืจื‘ ื•ืœื ื—ื ื™ืช ื•ืœื ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืฉื•ืžืจ ืืœื ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืžืฉืžืจื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื›ื•’. ื•ื›ืคื™ ืขืจืš ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืœ ืืฉืจ ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ืขื•ืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืืžืช ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื—ื•, ื›ืŸ ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ื”ืขืจืš ื™ืกื™ืจื• ื•ื™ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืžืžื ื• ื˜ืจื“ื•ืช ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื–ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื”ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื—ื•ืคืคืช ืขืœื™ื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืŸ ื”ืžืชื—ื˜ื ืขืœ ืื‘ื™ื•, ื•ืื‘ื™ื• ืขื•ืฉื” ืœื• ืจืฆื•ื ื• ื•ืžืฉืœื™ื ืœื• ื›ืœ ื—ืคืฆื•, ื›ืž”ืฉ ืจื–”ืœ (ืข”ื– ื™”ื˜ ื) ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืœื• ื—ืคืฆื•, ื”ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื” ืืžืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœ, ื›ืœ ื”ืžืจืคื” ืขืฆืžื• ืžื“”ืช ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฆืจื” ืฉื ืืžืจ, “ื”ืชืจืคื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฆืจื” ืฆืจ ื›ื—ื›ื””. ื•ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข ื’”ื› ืžืืžืจื ื–”ืœ (ื‘ื‘”ืจ ืคืก”ื”), ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืงื•ืœ ืงื•ืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื‘ืž”ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื“ื™ ืขืฉื™ื• ืฉื•ืœื˜ื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ื ื ื‘ื ืืœื ืข”ื™ ืจืคื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื“ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•’ ืข”ืฉ. ื•ื‘ืคืจืง ื›”ื‘ ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื”ื ื””ื—: ื•ืืฃ ื’ื ืื™ืฉ ื’ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื‘ื“, ืจื‘ ื›ื—ื• ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื• ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ื•ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื‘ื›ืœืœื” ืข”ื™ ืขืกืงื• ื•ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืชื• ื‘ืชื•ื””ืง ืœืฉืžื”.

ืื—ื™ ื•ืจืขื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื, ืžื” ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืช ื›ื–ืืช? ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื—ื“ื” ื•ื’ืœื•ื™ื” ื”ืก”ื ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ืฉืง ืฉืœื• ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ื•ื ืžื—ืคืฉ ืืช ื”ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข, ืืช ื”ืขืžืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื•ื” ืžืื”ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื“ื•ืจื ื•. ื—ื•ื“ ื”ื—ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื’ืœื•ื™ื”, ื”ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืขื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื’ืจื”, ื–ื” ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืขื•ื“ ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง, ื›ืืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื›ืžื” ื‘ืืžืช ืื›ืคืช ืœื ื• ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืง’, ื›ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืกืจื™ื ื ืคืฉื ื• ืขืœื™ื”, ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื›ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ืžืฉื”ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจื’ื™ืœ. ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืขื“ ืžืชื™ ืืชื ืคื•ืกื—ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืกืขื™ืคื™ื ืื ื”’ ื”ื•ื ื”ืืœืงื™ื ืœื›ื• ืื—ืจื™ื•, ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืืœืงื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืขืžื• ื•ืฆืืŸ ืžืจืขื™ืชื•, ื”ื•ื ื ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืืช ื›ืœื™ ื—ืžื“ืชื• ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื ืขืžื•ืœ ื‘ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื ื•. ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื”ื”ืจื’ืœ ืžื”ืฉื’ืจื” ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจื’ื™ืœ, ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืžืืชื ื• ืžืกื™”ื . ืื ื”ืื‘ื ื–ืฆ”ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื›ื™ื•ื ืžื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ืžืขืžื“. ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ืžืกื™”ื  ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืกืจ ืืช ื ืคืฉื• ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื•. ื”ื•ื ื™ื“ืข ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืกื™”ื , ื™ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื”ื™ื” ืœื•ืžื“ ืž-8 ืขื“ 4 ืจืฆื•ืฃ ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืคืกืง ื›ืœืœ, ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ืœื™ืœ ืฉื‘ืช ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืช. ื”ื•ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืžืกืคืจ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ืกื‘ื ื”ื’ืจื”ื™ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ 12 ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื, ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืงืœ ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื–ื” ืžืขืกื™ืง ืื•ืชื• ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืžืžื”, ื”ื•ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื”. ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื›ืžื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฉื•ืฉ ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื—ืžื“ืช ืœื‘ื‘ื ื• ืœื ื ืขื–ื•ื‘ ืื•ืชื” ื•ืœื ื ืจืคื” ืžืžื ื”, ืกื“ืจื™ื ืจืฆื•ืคื™ื, ื’’ ืกื“ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉื™ ืฉื‘ืช ืžื•ืฆ”ืฉ, ื•ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื”ืกื“ืจื™ื ืขืฆืžื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืงื“ืฉื™ื. ืžื” ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ืชื•ืจืชืš ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื—ืชื™.

ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื–ื” ืฉื›ืœ ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืฉื›ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืข”ืข ืฉื™ืจืื• ื”ื ื” ื™ืฉ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื–ื” ืฉืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจื’ื™ืœ, ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืื ื ืงื‘ืœ ืข”ืข ื›”ื ื›ืคื™ ื™ื›ืœืชื• ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื ืคืฉื™ื ื• ื‘ืœื ื—ืฆื™ืฆื•ืช ื•ืžืคืกื™ืงื™ื, ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืืฉ ืžื”ืžื™ื ืฉืฉืขื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืฉืขื” ื•ืกื“ืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืงื“ืฉื™ื, ืฉื”ืจืืฉ ื™ื”ื ืžื•ื ื— ื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ืžืชื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ ืจืคื™ื•ืŸ. ืœื–ื” ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื•ืžื—ื›ื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืจ”ื ืืžืจ ืื ืขื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื ื’ืืœื™ืŸ ื•ืื ืื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืื™ืŸ ื ื’ืืœื™ืŸ ืจื—”ืœ. ื–ื”ื• ืžื“ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ืื ืœื ื–ื›ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช. ืจ’ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืืžืจ ืื ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืœื”ื ืžืœืš ืงืฉื” ื›ื”ืžืŸ ื•ืžื™ื“ ื”ืŸ ืขื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ืขื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืื”ื‘ื” ื•ืœื ืข”ื™ ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื•ื—ืœื™ื™ื ืจืขื™ื ื•ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช. ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ืจื—ืžื™ื• ื•ื—ืกื“ื™ื• ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ื™ื˜ื•ืฉ ื”’ ืขืžื• ื•ื ื—ืœืชื• ืœื ื™ืขื–ื•ื‘.

ืจื‘ืฉ”ืข ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืžืœืš ืืœื ืืชื”, ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืืชื”, ื›ืžื” ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืขืงื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ืื” ื•ืฉืžื“ ื”ืขื ืฉืœื ื• ืขื‘ืจ ื•ืคืฉื˜ ืฆื•ืืจื• ืขืœ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืžืš ืฉืœื ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืงื•ืฅ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืขืฉื” ืœืžืขืŸ ืฉืžืš ืขืฉื” ืœืžืขืŸ ืชื•ืจืชืš ื•ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื ื• ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœืžื” ืœืคื ื™ืš. ืจื‘ืฉ”ืข ืื™ืคื” ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืขื ื›ื–ื” ืฉืœื•ืžื“ ืชื•ืจืชืš ื”ืง’ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื—ืง ื‘ืžืกื™”ื , ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื” ืขืžืœื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจืชืš ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื ื ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื—ื ื•, ืฉืœื ืชืžื•ืฉ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืคื™ื ื• ื•ืžืคื™ ื–ืจืขื™ื ื• ืขื“ ืขื•ืœื. ื•ื™ืจืื• ื›ืœ ืขืžื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ื™ ืฉื ื”’ ื ืงืจื ืขืœื™ืš ื•ื™ืจืื• ืžืžืš, ืงื“ืฉ ืืช ืฉืžืš ื‘ืขื•ืœืžืš ื•ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืขืชืš ืชืจื™ื ื•ืชื’ื‘ื™ื” ืงืจื ื ื• ืœืžืขืœื” ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘.

ื ื›ืชื‘ ืข”ื™ ืื—ื“ ื”ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื

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Wagschal, Harav Hagaon Yehuda Shlita

Kinah: the Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

Parshas Korach
Harav Hagaon Yehuda Wagshal Shlita

Korach, we know, was the consummate baal machlokes. Thereโ€™s even anย issurย in the Torah to perpetuate a machlokes as he did: ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื›ึฐึผืงึนืจึทื— ื•ึผื›ึทืขึฒื“ึธืชื•ึน. But what wasย theย middahย that spurred him to start thisย machlokes? One might think he had a quarrelsome nature, and that is what led him to challenge Moshe. Rashi, however, teaches us that the root of his machlokes was something else entirely: kinah.

Korach was jealous that Elitzafan ben Uziel was appointed nasi, and his frustration upon being passed over for this position led him to start his machlokes.

Kinah is among the worst of the badย middos, as Chazal teach:ย ื”ึทืงึผึดื ึฐืึธื” ื•ึฐื”ึทืชึผึทืึฒื•ึธื” ื•ึฐื”ึทื›ึผึธื‘ื•ึนื“ ืžื•ึนืฆึดื™ืึดื™ืŸ ืึถืช ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื ืžึดืŸ ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื. Theย Mesillas Yesharimย (ch. 4) makes an interesting observation about this middah, which, as far as I know, is not said regarding any otherย middah: He says that this middah is to be found only among those who lack daas: ื”ึทืงึผึดื ึฐืึธื” โ€“ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืชึผึดืคึผื•ึนืœ ืจึทืง ื‘ึผึทื—ึฒืกึตืจึตื™ ื”ึทื“ึผึทืขึทืช. It sounds as though theย Mesillas Yesharimย is saying that theย middahย ofย kinahย stems from a lack of daas.

Now, there are other bad middos, but they donโ€™t seem to reflect lack of daas โ€” taavah, for instance. A person might be very intelligent, but being human, he has desires.ย The same is true of the craving for kavodย โ€” a person might yearn for honor even if he is in full possession ofย daas. Why is onlyย kinahย considered a lack of daas? In what way does it differ from other badย middos?

There is anotherย middahย that sounds similar toย kinah, but itโ€™s actually very different. Thatโ€™s theย middahย ofย chemdah. The Torah commands us not to covet other peopleโ€™s belongings: ืœึนื ืชึทื—ึฐืžึนื“ ื‘ึตึผื™ืช ืจึตืขึถืšึธ ืœึนื ืชึทื—ึฐืžึนื“ ืึตืฉึถืืช ืจึตืขึถืšึธ ื•ึฐืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึผื•ึน ื•ึทืึฒืžึธืชื•ึน ื•ึฐืฉืื•ึนืจื•ึน ื•ึทื—ึฒืžึนืจื•ึน ื•ึฐื›ึนืœ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืœึฐืจึตืขึถืšึธ. Chemdah happens when you see that someone else has something that you like โ€” a nice house, or a lot of money โ€” and you want it also.

Kinah, in contrast, is when a person sees something that someone else has, which he doesnโ€™t have, and besides wanting that item โ€” similar toย chemdah โ€” he also feels anger toward the person who has it. Not only does he desire his neighborโ€™s house, but heโ€™s also angry that his neighbor has it and he doesnโ€™t.

Hashemโ€™s Jealousy

In the Torah, the word kinahย is also used not just in the context of jealousy, but also in the context of anger, as in the phrase ืงึตืœ ืงึทื ึผึธื. Theย meforshimย explainย that this means Hashem gets angry at the goyim. Why is anger referred to as kinah? Because kinah comes along with kaโ€™as.

What is the reason for that anger? Thatโ€™s the lack of daas associated withย kinah. When a person sees that someone else has something and he not only wants it, but feels that it was taken away from him and given to the other person, he gets angry: He hasย myย house โ€” and because he has it, I donโ€™t have it.

This attitude reflects a lack of daas, because how does the fact that someone else has something mean that it was taken away from you?

Later, when theย Mesillas Yesharimย discussesย kinah (ch. 11) and explains how to work onย cleansing yourself of this trait, he says that a person must internalize Chazalโ€™s statement that ืึตื™ืŸ ืึธื“ึธื ื ื•ึนื’ึตืขึท ื‘ึผึฐืžึทื” ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื›ึทืŸ ืœึฐื—ึทื‘ึตืจื•ึน ืึฒืคึดื™ืœึผื•ึผ ื›ึผึฐืžึฐืœื•ึน ื ึดื™ืžึธื. Every person has what is meant for him, in exactly the right amount. What you have is what you have and what someone else has is what he has โ€” thatโ€™s the way itโ€™s supposed to be, and thatโ€™s the way itโ€™s going to be. Whatโ€™s his has nothing to do with you.

If you internalize that, and realize that thereโ€™s no reason why what someone else has should have been yours, you wonโ€™t haveย kinah. You might still haveย chemdah: โ€œAh, I see it, and I like it.โ€ And you have to work on that too. But thatโ€™s not theย lack of daas ofย kinah, where you feel that the other person took something away from you.

Kinah is what Korach fell victim to. He not only wanted theย nesiusย or theย kehunah, in the manner of chemdah; he felt that these privileges had been taken away from him. This filled him with kinah, an aspect of which is kaas, and thatโ€™s what prompted him to foment an entireย machlokes โ€” to get what was โ€œrightfully his.โ€ Thatโ€™s the lack of daas of theย middah of kinah.

Flipsides of the Same Trait

Theย Orchos Tzaddikim discusses all theย various middos, presenting the negative aspects of a bad middah and also, very often, the positive applications of that same middah. After explaining how bad kinah is, he adds that thereโ€™s a good type ofย kinahย too.

Goodย kinahย is what we call being aย kanoโ€™i. Thatโ€™s someone who, upon witnessing a chillul Hashem โ€” when someone is flouting HaKadosh Baruch Huโ€™s will, or defying the Torah โ€” will get up and fight for Hashemโ€™s honor.

The flipside of jealousy, then, is the righteous anger that prompts you to fight someone elseโ€™s battle. For instance, when Yehoshua saw others speaking words of nevuah that seemed to undermine Moshe, he stood up for Mosheโ€™s honor, and Moshe responded, ื”ึทืžึฐืงึทื ึผึตื ืึทืชึผึธื” ืœึดื™.

But what does standing up for someone elseโ€™s rights have to do with jealousy?

According to what weโ€™ve explained, the negative manifestation ofย kinahย is when someone sees another personโ€™s possession as rightfully his own, and therefore becomes consumed with envy and anger. Heโ€™s treating the other personโ€™s possessions as his own.

Likewise, a kanaโ€™i doesnโ€™t just protest wrongdoing โ€” he actually feels that the chillul Hashem is an offense to him personally. It wasnโ€™t just Hashemโ€™s honor that was slighted โ€” hisย honor was slighted. When Yehoshua wasย mekanehย for Moshe Rabbeinu, he wasnโ€™t just standing up for Mosheโ€™s honor โ€” he felt personally offended. Thatโ€™s the positive side of theย middah of kinah.

The danger of kinah is that when a person gets angry at someone else for having what he thinks is rightfully his, he can easily come to machlokes. But the constructive manifestation of kinah is the feeling that HaKadosh Baruch Huโ€™sย kavodย is myย kavod, and if Hisย kavodย is slighted, myย kavodย was slighted, and Iโ€™m going to react.

Gut Shabbos.

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