ืืืจื ืจืืืชืื ื
Finkel, Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Nosson Tzvi ztโl
ืืืงืื ืืคื ื ืืฉื ืืื ืฉืื ืืื ื ืืฉืจืื ืืืฉืื ืืืืชืื ื ืฉืืื ืขื ืงืจืืื ืืืขื ืื ืฉื ืฉื (ืื, ื)
ืื ื ืืืืืืงืชื ืฉื ืงืืจื ืืฉืชืชืคื ืืืชืืื ืืืืืฉืื ืจืืฉื ืกื ืืืจืืืช. ืืฆืจืื ืืืชืืื ื, ืืื ืืชืื ืฉื”ื ืืจืื ืฆืืืงืื ื ืคืื ืืจืฉืชื ืฉื ืงืืจื, ืืืคืจื ืฉืขื ืื ืื ืงื ืื ืฉืืืง ืขื ืื ืืืืืชื ืฉื ืืฉื ืจืืื ื?
ืืื ืฉืขืืงืจ ืืืื ืืืื ืฉื ืงืืจื ืืื ืืืืฆื ืืช. ืืืืฉ”ื ืื”ื (ืืืงื”ืฉ ืืืืืจ ืื ืจืื ืชืฉื ): ืืืืืฉื ืืฆืื ืื ืืฉื โ ืื ืงืืจื ืฉืืื ืืชืืืฆืฅ ืขื ืืฉื ืืืืจื. ืื ืขืฉื, ืืื ืก ืขืืืื ืื ืืงืื ืืื’ ืืชืืื ืืืืจ ืืคื ืืื ืืืจื ืืืฆื ืืช, ืืืจ ืืื ืืืื ื ืืืช ืืืชื ืืฉืื ืืชื ืืขืื ืฉืชื ื ืขืจืืช ืืชืืืืช ืืื’, ืขืื”ืฉ ืืืจืืืืช ืื ืืืจื ืืืืจืฉ.
ืืืืืจ ืืื”ื ืฉืข”ื ืืืืฆื ืืช ืืฆืืื ืงืืจื ืืืืืช ืืช ืืืื ืฉื ืืืชืืื ืืืืืฉืื ืจืืฉื ืกื ืืืจืืืช ืืฉืืจ ืื ืขืืชื. ืื ืืืืฆื ืืช ืืื ืืืื ืื ืืจื. ืืคืืื ืืืืื ืืคืงืืื ืืจืืฉื ื ืฉืืื ืืขืื ืื ืืืืืื ืืขืืื ืืคื ืื, ืืื ืืกืื ืืช ืืขืช ืืืืืื ืืช ืืืืฉืื.
ืงืืจื ืืืข ืืช ืืืื ืืืืื ืฉื ืืืืฆื ืืช ืืืฉืชืืฉ ืืื ื ืื ืืฉื ืืืืจื, ืืคืืื ืฉืื ืืืืชื ืฉืื ืืขื ืืืชืืช ื ืืื. ืืกืืคืืจ ืืืืฆื ืืช ืฉืื ืืื ืืฆืืื ืืืืื ืืช ืื ืืืฆืืืช ืืชืื ืกืืคืืจ ืืืืื ื ืืืืืืื ืืืืืขืืช ืขื”ื ืืช ืขืืชื ืขื ืฉืืคืจื ืืขืืงืจ ืืืจืื ืืฉืืื ืชืืชืืช.
ืืฉ ืืืื ืฉืืืืืคืื ืืื ืืืฆื ืืช ืืฉืืื. ืืื ืฆืจืื ืืืืืช ืฉืจืื ืชืืื ืืฉืืื ืืืืกืชืืื ืืื ืืืจืืืช ืืคื ืื ืฆืืืืืช. ืื ืืืืฆื ืืช ืืื ืขื ืื ืืื ืืืืจื. ืื ืฉืขืืฉื ืืืฆื ืืช ืืฆืืืง ืืื ืืืจ ืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืจ ืฉืืงืืืฉื ืื”ื ืืื ื ืืืฉืื ืฉืื ืืฆืื ืืืจืืข ืืื ืืื ื ืืคื ืืจืฉืชื ืฉื ืืืฆืจ ืืจืข ืืื ืืขืืจืืช ืืืืื ืืช ืืคื ืื.
ืืืฆื ืืช ืืืืืืงืช ืืืช ืื. ืืฉื ืฉืืกืื ืืืืช ืืืืฆื ืืช ืืื ืืืกืจืื ืฉืืงืื ืืืขืช ืืืืื ืจืืฉ, ืื ืืกืื ืืืืงื ืืืืืืงืช ืืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืื ื ืขืืื ืขื ืืขืฉืื ืืชืื ืขืืื ืืืืฉืื ืืืื ื ืืืื ืืช ืืขืฉืื ืื ืืืืื ืื ืื ืื. ื ืืฆื ืฉืืคื ืืืืช ืืืืฆื ืืช ืืืื ืื ืืืย ืืืืช ืืืืืืงืช. ืืื ืฉื ืืื ืืืืืช ืืืืฆื ืืช ืืืื ืืจืืข ืืื ืืืคืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืืืงืช ืืืืคืื ืขื ืฉืืื ืชืืชืืช.
ืืจื ืจื”ื ืืืืื ืืจื ื ืชื ืฆืื ืคืื ืงื ืืฆืืื”ื
ืืืจื ืืืืื
Finkel, Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Eliezer Yehuda ztโl
ื ืืฉื ืืขืื ืขื ืืืจื
ืืจื ืจืืฉ ืืืฉืืื ืืื”ื ืืจื ืืืืขืืจ ืืืืื ืคืื ืงื ืืฆืืื”ื ืืื ืืจืื ืืฆืื ืขื ืฆืจืืชืืื ืฉื ืืืจืื.
ืืื ืื ืฉืื ืฉืืืงืฉื ืืืจื ืจื”ื ืืฆ”ื ืืืชืคืื ืืืฉืืขืชื, ืื ืืฉื ืืฉืขื ืื ืืื ืืืืืืข ืื ืขื ืื. ืืจื ืจื”ื ืืื ืืขืืจ ืขื ืื: “ืืื ืื ืกืืคืจืชื ืื? ืื ื ืขืืืื ืฆื ืขื ืืฆืจื ืืื!”
ืืจื”ื ืจืื ืืืื ืฉืืืจืฅ ืืฆ”ื ืืืื ืืกืคืจื “ืืจืืืฅ ืชืืจื ืืืืื” ืืืจืื ืฉืืชืื ืื ื ืืืฉืคืื ืขื ืืจื ืจื”ื ืืฆ”ื:
ืดืื ืงื ืืื ืืคืฉืจ ืืกืคืง ืืช ืื ืฆืจืืื ืฉื ืจืณ ืืืืืจ ืืืื, ืื ืืขืืื ืื ืืฆืืจื ืืฉืื ืืืื, ืืื ืืืืืง ืืื ืืงืืฉื ืฉืืืืจ. ืืืืื ืืื ืื ืืืื ืืคืื, ืกืขื ืจืง ืคืขืืืื ืืืื, ืืื ืฉืคืขืืื ืจืืืช ืื ืกืขื ืืื.
ืชืืืื ืื ืืื ืก ืืืื ืืกืืคืจ ืื ืขื ืฆืจ ืืืฆืืง ืฉืืฆืืืื, ืืื ืงืืื ืขืืื ืชืขื ืืช ืืืืจ ืืืืืชื…
ืืืจืื ืืช, ืืชื, ืืฉืช ืืจื ืจื”ื ืืืจืดื ืฉืืืืืืืฅ, ืฉืืืื ื ืืืืืฉื ืื ืืช ืืจืืืืชืื, ืืืืชื ื ืื ืกืช ืืื ืืื: ืืืื ืืืื?! ืื ืืืื?!
ืืืืืชื ืขืืชืื ืชืืืคืืช, ืืื ืืื ืขืืื ืืืืืืจ ืืช ืืืืฉ ืืืขืืืช ืฉืื, ืืืืชื ืืืืจืช ืืืืขืืช ืืขืื ืื: ืืืื ื ืขืกื ืขืจ ืฉืืื ื ืืฉื (ืชืจืืื: ืืืื ืืื ืืืจ ืื ืืืื).
ืืื ืืืืื, ืฉืืืข ืขื ืืื ืืืืืช ืืชื ืืช ืชืขื ืืืชืื, ื ืืกื ืืคืขืืื ืืืฆื ืืข ืืช ืืืืฉ ืฉืื ืื ื ืืขื ืื ืืื ืืื ื ืืงืืืืช ืืกืชืืจ. ืืืื ืืื ืืืขื ืืืคืฉ …
ืืืืื ืืื ืื ืืชืขื ื, ืืจืืืืชื ืฉื ืืจืื ืืช, ืืื ืขืืื ืืืฉืืื ืืฉืื ืืืื, ืฉืื ืืื ืกื ืืืืจ ืขื ืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืื ืืืจืืื ืฉืื ืจืณ ืืืืืจ ืืืื ืื ืืื ืืืื ืืคื ื ืืืืด
ืืฉืืืื ืืืื
Shpitzer, Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shlita
ืงืจื
ืืฆืืช ืชืจืืืืช ืืืขืฉืจืืช
ืื ืืื ืืฆืืจ ืืื ืืื ืชืืจืืฉ ืืืื ืจืืฉืืชื ืืฉืจ ืืชื ื ืื’. ืืืื ืืฆืืช ืชืจืืืืช ืืืขืฉืจืืช. ืืืจืื ืจืืฉืื ืื ืกืืจื ืฉืืืืื ืื”ืช ืจืง ืืืคืืจืฉ ืืงืจื ืขื ืืื ืชืืจืืฉ ืืืฆืืจ.
ืืืจืืฉืื ืื ืืงืฉื ืืืืืื ืง”ื ืข”ื ืืื ืืคืฉืจ ืืืจืืฉ ืืืืจื ืฉืื ืืขื ืื ืชืจืืื ืืฉืืจ ืคืืจืืช ืืืืืืจืื ืืืฉืงืื ืืืืฆื ืืื ืืฉ ืื ืืื ืชืจืืื, ืืืจื ืืื ืืื ืชืจืืื ืืื ืื”ืช, ืืข”ืฉ ืืจืฉ”ื ืืืขื”ืย ืฉื ืืืงื ืืื. ย ืืชื’ ืืจืื”ื ืืก’ ืืชืื ืฉื ืฉืืืคืจืืฉ ืชืจื”ื ืืฉืืจ ืคืืจืืช ืืฃ ืฉืืื ืืื ืืืื ื”ืย ืื ืขื ืืืคืจืฉื ืืื ืชืจืืื ืื”ืช.
ืืืขืืงืจ ืืขืช ืืจืื”ื ืืก’ ืืชืื ืฉื ืค’ ืืขืืจ ืืืจืืื, ืืืจ ืืืื ืื ืืื”ืค ืคืจืง ื’. ืืื ื ืข”ืฉ ืืคืจืื ืฆืืื ืืจ’ ืืจืืื ืคืขืจืื ืืืช ื”ื ืฉืืชื ืืืงืืจ ืืจืื”ื ืฉืืฉ ืืืืง ืืื ืืืื ืืืืืช ืืื ืืืจืืฉืืื ืค”ืง ืืืขืฉืจืืช ืืขื ืื ืืคืงืจ, ืืืื ืฉืืืื ืืจืื”ื ืค”ื ืืชืจืืืืช ืื”ื.
ืืืงืฉื (ื”ื ืืืืจื) ืขื ืืจืื”ื ืืคืกืืื ื”ื ืื ืช ืืชืจืืื ืชืืืื ืืจืื ื, ืืื ืืงืฉื ืืืืฆื ื’ ืข”ื ืืืืืื ืข”ืย ืืืืืืจ ืืืื ื ืืื ืืืจืื ื, ืืชื’ ืืืจืื”ื ืื ืืชื ืืื ืืชืจืฅ ืืื’ ืืืืืื ืง”ื ืข”ื ืืื ืืคืฉืจ ืืืจืืฉ ืืืืจื ืฉืื ืืขื ืื ืชืจืืื ืืฉืืจ ืคืืจืืช ืืืืืืจืื ืืืฉืงืื ืืืืฆื ืืื ืืฉ ืื ืืื ืชืจืืื ืืืจื ืืื ืืื ืชืจืืื ืืื ืื”ืช, ืื”ื ืืขื ืื ืื ืขืฉื ืื ืืจืฆื ืฉืืืื ืฉื ืชืจืืื ืื”ืช, ืืื ืขืืฉืื ืฉืชืืงื ื ืืืืื ืื ืชืืงื ื ืฉืืคืจืืฉ ืชืจืืื ืฉืื ืื”ืช ืืื ืชืืงื ื ืืกืชืื ืืืื ืืขืฉื ืืคืจืฉื ืืืืื ืฉืืื ืขืฉื ืืขืฉื ืืคืจืฉื ืืจืื ื ืื ืื ืขืืื ืืืย ืชืจื”ื ืื”ืช. (ืื ืืฆื ืืื ืืชื ืื ืืจืื”ื ืืืื ืืืขืฉื ืืืืื).
ืืืชื ืฉื (ื”ื ืืขื”ืค ?) ืืืคื ืืจืื”ื ืืืืฉื ืงื’ ืชืืก’ ืืจ”ื ื”ื ืข”ื ืืืื ืืืืชื ืืืฆืื ื ืืืืื ืืืืืื ืฉืื ืชืจืืื ืื”ืช, ืืฆ”ื ืืืืจืื ืืื ืืืืจื ืืื ืฉืืคืจืืฉ ืืงืืื ืืืื ืืจืื ื, ืืื ”ื, ืืื ืืื ืฉืืคืจืืฉ ืืืื ืืืขืชื ืืขืฉืืช ืืืืชย ืชืจืืื ืืืืจืืืชื.
ืืืืืงืช ืฉืืื ืืฉื ืฉืืื
Finkel, Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Eliezer Yehuda Shlita
ืืจืื ืืืฆื ืืืจื”ืง, ืฉืืืช ืืืืืง ืฉืืกืจ ืืืจื ื ืจื”ื ืืชืงืืคื ืื ืืฉื ืช ืชืฉืข”ื
ืืจืื ืืื ืืืืกืืฃ ืืงื.
ืจืฆืืคืืช ืืชืืจื
ืขืช ืฆืจื ืืื ืืืขืงื ืืืื ื ืืืืฉืข, ืงืืจืืื ืื ื ืืฉืืื ืืฉืืจืืช ืื ื ืืชืืจื ืืืชืืืง ืืชืืจื, ืื ืจืืืช ืืืจ ืฉืฆืจืืช ืจืืืช ืืืืช ืขืืื ืื ืืจ ืืื ืื. ืขืืื ื ืืืื ืืืืืช ืืืืจ ืืืืจืื ืฉื ืขืงืืชื ืืืฉืืื, ืื ืืืจืืืช ืขืฆืืื ืืื ืื ืืืืช ืขืฆืืื.
ืืชืื ืืืจ”ื ืืืช ืืื ืืืืืื ืืืจืื ืื ืืืช ืจืื ืืืช ืืืกืฃ ืืืจืื ืื- ืื ืืืืืื ืืืืจืื ื ืืืืืื ืขื ืื ื ืืชืืจื ืืขื ืืชืืจื ืืฉืืจืืช ืข”ื ืืืฆื”ืจ ืฉื ืืช ืื ืืื. ื”ื ืืงื”ื ืืืืจืื ืืืื ื ืืขืงืืืช ืืฆืืง ืืืงืฉื ืืื ื ื ืขืืื ืืคื ื ืื ืกืืื ืืืืจืื ืืื.
ืื ืืืงืฉืื ืืืชื ื? ืืืจ ืื”ื ืื ืืชืื ืกื ืื ืืชื ืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืืฆืื ืขืฆื ืืืชืจ ืืืื ืืื ืฉืืืจื ืื ื ืื”ื ืืขืกืืง ืืชืืจื ืืื”ื. ืืคื ื ืืฉืืื ืืงื”ื ืฆืขืง ืื ื ืืืืืื ืืจืืจืืช ืข”ื ืืืืืื ืื ืชืชืขืจืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืื ืชืืืื ืืชื ืื ืชืืืจื ืืชื, ืขืืฉืื ืฆืืขืงืื ืื ื ืชืืืื ืืืง ืืชืืจื, ืชืืืืงื ืืืง ืฉืืจืื ืืจืืจ ืฉืื ืื ื ืื ื ืขืืื ืืช ืืชืืจื ืืง’. ืื ืืืื ืฉืื ืื ื ืฆืจืืืื ืืืืืื ืืช ืขืฆืื ื ืืืืชื ืืืื ืฉืืืจ ืจ”ืข ืืคืคืืก ืื ืืืืื ืฉืคืขื ืืืช ืืืจื ืืืืืช ืืจืฉืขื ืฉืื ืืขืกืงื ืืชืืจื ืืืื ืจ”ืข ืืงืืื ืงืืืืช ืืจืืื ืืขืืกืง ืืชืืจื, ืืืจ ืจ”ืข ืืื ืืืงืื ืืืืชื ื ืื ื ืืชืืจืืื ืืืงืื ืืืชืชื ื ืขืืื”ื. ืืฃ ืื ืื ื ืขืืฉืื ืฉืื ื ืืืฉืืื ืืขืืกืงืื ืืชืืจื ืฉืืชืื ืื ืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืจื ืืืื ืื ืื ื ืืืืืื ืืืืืืื ืืื ื ืขืืื”ื. ืื ืืืชืจ ืืืฉืจ ืืืจื ืืื ืืขืืืจ ืื ืื ืกืชื ืืขืฉื ืขืืืจื ืืื ืืื ืชืืจื ืืื ืื ื ืืืื ืืคืฉืืื ืืืฉ, ืื ื”ื ืืฉ ืจืคืืื ืืชืืจื ืืื ืชืฉืฉ ืืื ืฉื ืืขืื ืื”ื ืืฉ ืืฆื ืฉื ืงืืื ืคืืื ืจื”ื.
ืืื ืฉืื ืื ื ืืืืืื ืชืืจื ืืืชืจ ืฉืืช, ืืืชืจ ืฉืงืืขืืช, ืืืชืจ ืืชืืื, ืืื ืฉืื ืื ื ืืชื ืชืงืื ืืื ืืืคืกืืงืื ืืื ืืืคืจืืขืื ืืื ืืฉืืืืืช ืืขืื”ื, ืื ืืืชืจ ืืืื ืืฉืืื ืืคืจื ืกื ืืืจืืืืช ืืื ืืืืืืช ืฉืืขืืื, ืจืืืื ืืช ืื ืืืืฉ ืืืฉ.
ืื ืืืื ืขืืื ื ืืขืฉืืช ืืฉืขื ืฉืคืืืขืื ืืืืช ืขืื ื ืฉื ืืงื”ื ืื ื ืืชืืจื ืืืืืจืื? ืคืฉืื ืืืืื ืื’ ืืืชืืจืชื ืจื”ื, ืืฉืืื ืืืชืง ืืช ืืืช ืืืื ืื ืื ื ืฆืจืืืื ืืืคื ืืกืืจืืช ื ืคืฉ ืขื ืชืืจื, ืงืฆืช ืืืชืจ ืืชืืื, ืืืืืช ืฉืงืืข ืื ืืจื”ื ืืืชืืงืืช ืืืขืืื ืืชืืจื ืืื ืืืืื ืงืจืขืื ืงืจืขืื, ืืข”ื ืืืืื ืืฉืจืื ืืืจื ืื ื ืืืชืืืง ืืืื ื ืจืคืืื ืืขืืงืจ ืืฉืืฉื ืฉืืช. ืื ื ืืชื ื ืฉืืชืืช ืืื”ื ืืื ืืื ืฉืืชืขืกืงื ืืฉืจืื ืืชืืจื. ืืืื”ื ืืืจ ืฉืื”ื ืืจืขืง”ื ืืืืขื ืืื ืฉืืืืขื ืืืื ืฉืืงืคืืื ืขื ืฉืืฉื ืฉืืช, ืืจื ืืื ื ืืืื ืื ืฉืื ืื ืืฉื ืืจืฆืฃ ืืืื ืฉืื ืฉืืืข ืืคืกืืง ืืช ืืืืื ืจื”ื. ืฉืืืฉ ืืืืืื ืจื”ื ืืืื ืืจืืง, ืื ืคืื ื ืืจื.
ืืื ืืืื”ืจ ืืฆ”ื ืืื ืืืืจ ืข”ื ืืคืืขื ืข”ื, ืืื ืขืฆืื ืืื ืืืืช ืืืคืช ืฉืขืืงืจ ืืฉืืืืืขื ืฉืื ืืื ืืืื ืฉืืฉื ืฉืืช ืฉืื ืืื ืื ืฉืืขืืจืื, ืืื ืืชืืื ืืืืื ื18 ืฉืขืืช ืืืืชืจ ืืฉืืฉื ืฉืืช. ืคืขื ืฉืืื ืืืชื ืืื ืืื ืืชืืืฅ ื”ื ืืืืื ืืฉืืช ืืืื ืืกืืจืื? ืืื ืขื ื ืฉืืื ืืชืืืืฉ ืฉืื ืฉืื ืืชืืจื ืืืจืืช ืืขืืื ืืืฉืชืืืืจ ืืืขืื ืืฉืืื ืืืชื ืื ืืืืฉืช ืืฉืืช, ืจืืื ืืช ืขืืื ืื ืืื ืชืฉืชืืง ืืชืืืืจ ืืื ืฉืืืืขื. ืืืืื ืืืจืืื ืืจืฆืฃ ืืื, ืื ืื ืขืื ืืืื ืื ืื ืขืื ืฉืขื, ืื ืืืื ืฉื ืืืื ืขื ืจืฆืฃ ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืฉื ืงืจืขืื ืงืจืขืื. ืืืื ืืืฉืจ ืืกืืคืืง ืื ืืืชืืื ืฉืืืข ืืืจื ืืกืคืง ืฉื ืจืฆืฃ ืฉื ืฉืืฉื ืฉืืช. ืืกืืจ ืืขืืื ืืืชืืืืฉ, ืชืืื ืืืชืืืง ืฉืื ืืฉืื ืืืืืืจ ืืืืืช, ืื ืื ื ืืขืช ืืืืื ืืกืืจ ืื ื ืืืชืจืคืืช, ืกืืจ ืฆืจืื ืืืืืช ืกืืจ ืฉืื ืืื ืืคืกืงืื.
ืืฉ ื”ื ืืจืื ืฉืงืืื ืขื ืขืฆืื ืืืืืช ืืช ืื ืืฆืจืืื ืืืืคืจืืขืื ืืกืืฃ ืืกืืจ, ืืขืืื ืืช ืื ืืืคืจืืขืื ืืืืืฉืืจืื ืืื ืืืื ืืกื ืืืืื”ื ืืฉืขืช ืืกืืจ ืืืชืคืืื, ืื ืืขืืืื ืฉืืฉ ืืื ืกืืคืืง ืฉืืื ืืฉืขืจ. ืืืืจืื ืฉืืืืืื ืฉืขืืช ืจืฆืืคืืช ืื ืืจืืืฉืื ืฉืื ืืืืื, ืื ืืื ืืื ืฉืขืืืจ ืื ืคืฉืื ื ืขืฉืื ืืื ืืืจ ืืืืจื. ืื ืืืืืื ืขื ืืคืกืงืื ืื ืืืคืื ืื ืืืกื ืืืขืช ืืื ืืืฆืื ืืืชื ืืืืืืื, ืืื ืืงืืฉื ื ืืฉื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืฆืืื? ืืืื ืกืืคืืง ืืฉ ืืืืืื ืืื?
ืืืื”ื ืืืชื ืฉืืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืกืืจืืช ืืืืจื ืฉืื ืืืชืจ ืืืื ืืืื ืืืจืื, ืฉื ืืืช ืจืื ืืืืืื ืื ืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืืจ ืืืื ืืกืืชื ืืฉืืชืขืืฉ ืืคื ื ืืืืื ืชืืจื. ืื ืืคืืขื ื ืคืกืง ืฉืื ืืืืจ ืฉืืื ืืืืฆืข ืืืืืื, ื”ืฉ ืืืืืืช ืฉืืื ืฉืื ืืืืืช ื’ ืจืืื.
ืืื ืกืคืง ืืฉืฆืืืืจ ืืื ืืชืืืง ืืื ืกื ืืืจืื ืื, ืืื ืืฆืื ืืืฉืืขื ืื ืืืื. ืื ืคืฉ ืืืืื ืฉืขืจ ื ืคื”ื ืืืื ืืื”ื ืืชื”ื (ืกื”ืจ ืค”ื), ืื ืช”ื ืฉืขืืกืง ืืชืืจื ืืื ื ืฆืจืื ืื ืืจื ืืื ืื ืืช ืืื ืื ืืืจ ืฉืืืื ืื ืฉืืืจ ืืื ืืงื”ื ืืฉืืจื ืืขืฆืื ืื’. ืืืคื ืขืจื ืืงืืืื ืืฉืจ ืืงืื ืขืืื ืขืื ืชืืจื ืืืืช ืืืื ืืื, ืื ืืคื ืื ืืขืจื ืืกืืจื ืืืขืืืจื ืืื ื ืืจืืืช ืขื ืืื ื ืื ืืขืืื, ืืืฉืืืจื ืขืืืื ื ืืืคืคืช ืขืืื, ืืืื ืืื ืืืชืืื ืขื ืืืื, ืืืืื ืขืืฉื ืื ืจืฆืื ื ืืืฉืืื ืื ืื ืืคืฆื, ืื”ืฉ ืจื”ื (ืข”ื ื”ื ื) ืื ืืขืืกืง ืืชืืจื ืืงื”ื ืขืืฉื ืื ืืคืฆื, ื”ืจ ืืืืื ืืืจ ืฉืืืื, ืื ืืืจืคื ืขืฆืื ืื”ืช ืืื ื ืืืื ืืขืืื ืืืื ืฆืจื ืฉื ืืืจ, “ืืชืจืคืืช ืืืื ืฆืจื ืฆืจ ืืืื”. ืืืืืืข ื”ื ืืืืจื ื”ื (ืื”ืจ ืคืก”ื), ืืืื ืฉืืงืื ืงืื ืืขืงื ืืืชื ืื ืกืืืช ืืืื”ื ืืื ืืื ืขืฉืื ืฉืืืืืช, ืืืื ืืฉืื ื ืื ืืื ืข”ื ืจืคืืื ืืืื ืื ืืชืืจื ืื’ ืข”ืฉ. ืืืคืจืง ื”ื ืืืกืืฃ ืื ื”ื: ืืืฃ ืื ืืืฉ ื’ ืืืฉืจืื ืืื, ืจื ืืื ืฉืืืื ืืืขืืื ืืืงืืื ืืช ืื ืืขืืืืืช ืืืืจืืื ืืืืื ืข”ื ืขืกืงื ืืืชืืื ื ืืชื ืืชืื”ืง ืืฉืื.
ืืื ืืจืขื ืื ื ืืชืืจื ืืงืืืฉืื, ืื ืืืื ืขืืื ื ืืขืช ืืืืช? ืืืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืก”ื ืืืฆืื ืืช ืื ืื ืฉืง ืฉืื ืขื ืื ื ืืชืืจื, ืืื ืืืคืฉ ืืช ืื ืขืฉื ืื ืฉืืข, ืืช ืืขืื ืืชืืจื, ืืช ืืงืืืื ืืืืื ืฉื ืืืจื ื. ืืื ืืื ืืช ืืื ืืืืื, ื”ื ืืืืฉืื ืขืื ืืช ืืฉืืจื, ืื ืื ืืืืืจ ืขื ืขืื ืืืืืง, ืืื ืฆืจืื ืืืืืช ืืื ืืืืช ืืืคืช ืื ื ืืืชืืจื ืืง’, ืืื ืื ืื ื ืืืกืจืื ื ืคืฉื ื ืขืืื, ืฆืจืืืื ืืืจืืืช ืืื ืื ืื ื ืืืื ืื ืืืฉืงืืข ืืฉืื ืืืชืจ ืืืจืืื. ืื ืื ื ืืืื ืืืืื ืช ืขื ืืชื ืืชื ืคืืกืืื ืขื ืฉื ื ืืกืขืืคืื ืื ื’ ืืื ืืืืงืื ืืื ืืืจืื, ืืืื ืืืืข ืื ืืฉ ืืืงืื ืืืฉืจืื ืืื ืื ื ืขืื ืืฆืื ืืจืขืืชื, ืืื ื ืชื ืื ื ืืช ืืื ืืืืชื ืืื ืื ื ื ืืืง ืืชืืจื ืื ืขืืื ืื ืืื ืืืื ื. ืืฉืืื ืจืืฆืื ืืจืืืช ืืื ืื ืื ื ืืืื ืื ืืืงืจืื ืืฉืื ืืืืจืื ืืืฉืืจื ืงืฆืช ืืืชืจ ืืืจืืื, ืืืจืฉืื ืืืชื ื ืืกื”ื . ืื ืืืื ืืฆ”ื ืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืืข ืื ืืื ืืืืืง ืืขืื. ืืื ืืื ืืืกืืฃ ืขืื ืืขืื ืืกื”ื ืืคื ืฉืืื ืืกืจ ืืช ื ืคืฉื ืื ืืืื. ืืื ืืืข ืืืฉืืื ืฉื ืืกื”ื , ืืื ืฉืืฉื ืืืืจืฃ ืืื ืืืื ื-8 ืขื 4 ืจืฆืืฃ ืืื ืืคืกืง ืืื, ืืืืจื ืืกืขืืื ืืืื ืฉืืช ืขืื ืืื ืฉืขืืช. ืืื ืชืืื ืืื ืืกืคืจ ืขื ืื ืฉืืกืื ืืืจื”ื ืืฆ”ื ืืืื ืืืชื ืืืืื 12 ืฉืขืืช ืืืื, ืืื ืืฉื ืฉืื ืงื ืืื ืืื ืจืื ืฉืื ืืขืกืืง ืืืชื ืื ืืืืื, ืืื ืชืืื ืฆืจืื ืืืฉืืื ืืืืืืช ืขืกืืง ืืชืืจื. ืฆืจืื ืืืจืืืช ืืื ืืชืืจื ืืื ืืืืช ืืฉืืฉ ืืืื ื ืืืืช ืืืื ื ืื ื ืขืืื ืืืชื ืืื ื ืจืคื ืืื ื, ืกืืจืื ืจืฆืืคืื, ื’ ืกืืจืื ืฉืืฉื ืฉืืช ืืืฆ”ืฉ, ืืืืืื ืฉืืกืืจืื ืขืฆืื ืฉืืืื ืงืืืฉ ืงืืฉืื. ืื ืืืืชื ืชืืจืชื ืื ืืืื ืืื ืฉืืืชื.
ืืื ืกืคืง ืฉืงืืืช ืืชืืจื ืฉื ืฆืืืืจ ืืื ืฉืื ืืืืืง ืฉืื ืืืื ืืงืื ืข”ืข ืฉืืจืื ืื ื ืืฉ ืฆืืืืจ ืืื ืฉืืืื ืื ืืืืืื ืงืฆืช ืืืชืจ ืืืจืืื, ืืจืืจ ืฉืื ืืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืืืจืืช ืื ื ืงืื ืข”ืข ื”ื ืืคื ืืืืชื ืืืืืง ืืชืืจื, ืฉื ืชืืืจ ืืชืืจื ืืื ื ืคืฉืื ื ืืื ืืฆืืฆืืช ืืืคืกืืงืื, ืืื ืืืืฆืื ืืช ืืจืืฉ ืืืืื ืฉืฉืขื ืชืืื ืฉืขื ืืกืืจ ืืืื ืงืืืฉ ืงืืฉืื, ืฉืืจืืฉ ืืื ืืื ื ืืืื ืืืชืืงืืช ืืชืืจื ืืืคืจื ืืืื ื ืจืคืืื. ืืื ืืงื”ื ืืืฉื ืืืืื, ืื ืื ื ืืืื ืืืฆื ืฉืจ”ื ืืืจ ืื ืขืืฉืื ืชืฉืืื ื ืืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืฉืจืื ืขืืฉืื ืชืฉืืื ืืื ื ืืืืื ืจื”ื. ืืื ืืืช ืืืื, ืื ืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืืืืช. ืจ’ ืืืืฉืข ืืืจ ืื ืืื ืขืืฉืื ืชืฉืืื ืืงื”ื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืื ืงืฉื ืืืื ืืืื ืื ืขืืฉืื ืชืฉืืื, ืื ืื ื ืืืืจืื ืืช ืืืืคืฆืื ืืฉืืืฉืืช, ืขืืฉืื ืชืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืข”ื ืืกืืจืื ืืืืืื ืจืขืื ืืืืืจืืช ืงืฉืืช. ืืงื”ื ืืจืื ืจืืืื ืืืกืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืืฉ ื’ ืขืื ืื ืืืชื ืื ืืขืืื.
ืจืืฉ”ืข ืืื ืื ื ืืื ืืื ืืชื, ืืืื ื ืืชื, ืืื ืืืืจืืช ืืขืงืืืืช ืืฉืืื ืืฉืื ืืขื ืฉืื ื ืขืืจ ืืคืฉื ืฆืืืจื ืขื ืงืืืืฉ ืฉืื ืฉืื ืืืื ืงืืฅ ืืื ืืืชืืจื, ืขืฉื ืืืขื ืฉืื ืขืฉื ืืืขื ืชืืจืชื ืืืืืืจื ื ืืชืฉืืื ืฉืืื ืืคื ืื. ืจืืฉ”ืข ืืืคื ืขืื ืืฉ ืื ืขื ืืื ืฉืืืื ืชืืจืชื ืืง’ ืืชืื ืืืืง ืืืกื”ื , ืืืคื ืฉื ื ืขืืืื ืืชืืจืชื ืืงืืืฉื, ื ื ืื ืชืฉืืื ื, ืฉืื ืชืืืฉ ืืชืืจื ืืคืื ื ืืืคื ืืจืขืื ื ืขื ืขืืื. ืืืจืื ืื ืขืื ืืืจืฅ ืื ืฉื ื’ ื ืงืจื ืขืืื ืืืจืื ืืื, ืงืืฉ ืืช ืฉืื ืืขืืืื ืืืืฉืืขืชื ืชืจืื ืืชืืืื ืงืจื ื ื ืืืขืื ืืงืจืื.
ื ืืชื ืข”ื ืืื ืืฉืืืขืื
โซโชParshaโฌโฌ โซโชPreview
Wagschal, Harav Hagaon Yehuda Shlita
Kinah: the Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
Parshas Korach
Harav Hagaon Yehuda Wagshal Shlita
Korach, we know, was the consummate baal machlokes. Thereโs even anย issurย in the Torah to perpetuate a machlokes as he did: ืึฐืึนื ืึดืึฐืึถื ืึฐึผืงึนืจึทื ืึผืึทืขึฒืึธืชืึน. But what wasย theย middahย that spurred him to start thisย machlokes? One might think he had a quarrelsome nature, and that is what led him to challenge Moshe. Rashi, however, teaches us that the root of his machlokes was something else entirely: kinah.
Korach was jealous that Elitzafan ben Uziel was appointed nasi, and his frustration upon being passed over for this position led him to start his machlokes.
Kinah is among the worst of the badย middos, as Chazal teach:ย ืึทืงึผึดื ึฐืึธื ืึฐืึทืชึผึทืึฒืึธื ืึฐืึทืึผึธืืึนื ืืึนืฆึดืืึดืื ืึถืช ืึธืึธืึธื ืึดื ืึธืขืึนืึธื. Theย Mesillas Yesharimย (ch. 4) makes an interesting observation about this middah, which, as far as I know, is not said regarding any otherย middah: He says that this middah is to be found only among those who lack daas: ืึทืงึผึดื ึฐืึธื โ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืชึผึดืคึผืึนื ืจึทืง ืึผึทืึฒืกึตืจึตื ืึทืึผึทืขึทืช. It sounds as though theย Mesillas Yesharimย is saying that theย middahย ofย kinahย stems from a lack of daas.
Now, there are other bad middos, but they donโt seem to reflect lack of daas โ taavah, for instance. A person might be very intelligent, but being human, he has desires.ย The same is true of the craving for kavodย โ a person might yearn for honor even if he is in full possession ofย daas. Why is onlyย kinahย considered a lack of daas? In what way does it differ from other badย middos?
There is anotherย middahย that sounds similar toย kinah, but itโs actually very different. Thatโs theย middahย ofย chemdah. The Torah commands us not to covet other peopleโs belongings: ืึนื ืชึทืึฐืึนื ืึตึผืืช ืจึตืขึถืึธ ืึนื ืชึทืึฐืึนื ืึตืฉึถืืช ืจึตืขึถืึธ ืึฐืขึทืึฐืึผืึน ืึทืึฒืึธืชืึน ืึฐืฉืืึนืจืึน ืึทืึฒืึนืจืึน ืึฐืึนื ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืึฐืจึตืขึถืึธ. Chemdah happens when you see that someone else has something that you like โ a nice house, or a lot of money โ and you want it also.
Kinah, in contrast, is when a person sees something that someone else has, which he doesnโt have, and besides wanting that item โ similar toย chemdah โ he also feels anger toward the person who has it. Not only does he desire his neighborโs house, but heโs also angry that his neighbor has it and he doesnโt.
Hashemโs Jealousy
In the Torah, the word kinahย is also used not just in the context of jealousy, but also in the context of anger, as in the phrase ืงึตื ืงึทื ึผึธื. Theย meforshimย explainย that this means Hashem gets angry at the goyim. Why is anger referred to as kinah? Because kinah comes along with kaโas.
What is the reason for that anger? Thatโs the lack of daas associated withย kinah. When a person sees that someone else has something and he not only wants it, but feels that it was taken away from him and given to the other person, he gets angry: He hasย myย house โ and because he has it, I donโt have it.
This attitude reflects a lack of daas, because how does the fact that someone else has something mean that it was taken away from you?
Later, when theย Mesillas Yesharimย discussesย kinah (ch. 11) and explains how to work onย cleansing yourself of this trait, he says that a person must internalize Chazalโs statement that ืึตืื ืึธืึธื ื ืึนืึตืขึท ืึผึฐืึทื ืฉืึถืืึผืึทื ืึฐืึทืึตืจืึน ืึฒืคึดืืึผืึผ ืึผึฐืึฐืืึน ื ึดืืึธื. Every person has what is meant for him, in exactly the right amount. What you have is what you have and what someone else has is what he has โ thatโs the way itโs supposed to be, and thatโs the way itโs going to be. Whatโs his has nothing to do with you.
If you internalize that, and realize that thereโs no reason why what someone else has should have been yours, you wonโt haveย kinah. You might still haveย chemdah: โAh, I see it, and I like it.โ And you have to work on that too. But thatโs not theย lack of daas ofย kinah, where you feel that the other person took something away from you.
Kinah is what Korach fell victim to. He not only wanted theย nesiusย or theย kehunah, in the manner of chemdah; he felt that these privileges had been taken away from him. This filled him with kinah, an aspect of which is kaas, and thatโs what prompted him to foment an entireย machlokes โ to get what was โrightfully his.โ Thatโs the lack of daas of theย middah of kinah.
Flipsides of the Same Trait
Theย Orchos Tzaddikim discusses all theย various middos, presenting the negative aspects of a bad middah and also, very often, the positive applications of that same middah. After explaining how bad kinah is, he adds that thereโs a good type ofย kinahย too.
Goodย kinahย is what we call being aย kanoโi. Thatโs someone who, upon witnessing a chillul Hashem โ when someone is flouting HaKadosh Baruch Huโs will, or defying the Torah โ will get up and fight for Hashemโs honor.
The flipside of jealousy, then, is the righteous anger that prompts you to fight someone elseโs battle. For instance, when Yehoshua saw others speaking words of nevuah that seemed to undermine Moshe, he stood up for Mosheโs honor, and Moshe responded, ืึทืึฐืงึทื ึผึตื ืึทืชึผึธื ืึดื.
But what does standing up for someone elseโs rights have to do with jealousy?
According to what weโve explained, the negative manifestation ofย kinahย is when someone sees another personโs possession as rightfully his own, and therefore becomes consumed with envy and anger. Heโs treating the other personโs possessions as his own.
Likewise, a kanaโi doesnโt just protest wrongdoing โ he actually feels that the chillul Hashem is an offense to him personally. It wasnโt just Hashemโs honor that was slighted โ hisย honor was slighted. When Yehoshua wasย mekanehย for Moshe Rabbeinu, he wasnโt just standing up for Mosheโs honor โ he felt personally offended. Thatโs the positive side of theย middah of kinah.
The danger of kinah is that when a person gets angry at someone else for having what he thinks is rightfully his, he can easily come to machlokes. But the constructive manifestation of kinah is the feeling that HaKadosh Baruch Huโsย kavodย is myย kavod, and if Hisย kavodย is slighted, myย kavodย was slighted, and Iโm going to react.
Gut Shabbos.