Ki SisaShmos

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•

ื–ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื“ื ื›ื™ ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืื”ืœ. (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื˜, ื™ื“)
ืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืืœื ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืžืžื™ืช ืขืฆืžื• ืขืœื™ื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื–ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื“ื ื›ื™ ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืื”ืœ. (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืกื’:)

ื™ืฉ ืœื“ืงื“ืง, ื“ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื™ืกื•ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ื–ื” ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืงื™ื•ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื™ืชืจื•, ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืฉืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื ืžืฆื ืžืงื•ืžื• ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืคืจืฉืช ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ืฉืœ ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื”?

ื•ื ืจืื” ืœื‘ืืจ ืขืค”ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ืœืง (ืจืžื– ืชืฉืขื) ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื“, ื•) “ื›ื ื—ืœื™ื ื ื˜ื™ื• ื›ื’ื ื•ืช ืขืœื™ ื ื”ืจ ื›ืื”ืœื™ื ื ื˜ืข ื”’ ื•ื’ื•'”, ืžื” ื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ื—ืœื™ื ืืฆืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชื™ ืžื“ืจืฉื•ืช [ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืคืกื•ืง ‘ื›ืื”ืœื™ื ื ื˜ืข ื””, ื“ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื‘ืชื™ ืžื“ืจืฉื•ืช], ืืœื ืžื” ื ื—ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ื ืœืฉื ื›ืฉื”ื ื˜ืžืื™ื ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ ื•ืขื•ืœื™ืŸ ื˜ื”ื•ืจื™ื, ื›ืš ื‘ืชื™ ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชื™ ืžื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื ื›ื ืกื™ืŸ ืœืฉื ื›ืฉื”ื ืžืœืื™ื ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžืœืื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืืžืจื• ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช (ื“ืฃ ื˜ื•:).

ืœืžื“ื ื• ืžื›ืืŸ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืฉืจื™ืฉื• ืœื ื• ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื–ื™ืข”ื, ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืื“ื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืคื•, ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื“ื ื—ืœื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื˜ื”ืจื™ื ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ื ื›ื ืก ื›ืœ ื›ื•ืœื• ืœืชื•ื›ื ื‘ืœื ื—ืฆื™ืฆื”.

ืžืขืชื” ืฉืคื™ืจ ืฉื™ื™ืš ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ื˜ื”ืจื”, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืจื™ ื”ื ื›ืžืงื•ื” ื˜ื”ืจื”, ื•ืกื’ื•ืœืช ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ื”ื™ื ืจืง ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ื›ื•ืœื• ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžืงื•ื ื›ืœื™ืœ, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ื’ืž’ (ืžื›ื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื™:) ื“ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืงื•ืœื˜ื™ืŸ ืžืžืœืืš ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืื• ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื”ืจื•ืฆื— ืžื™ื“ ื’ื•ืืœ ื”ื“ื, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืขื™ืจ ืžืงืœื˜ ื•ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืชื—ื•ื ืžืงื•ื ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืœ, ืืฉืจ ืจืง ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืžืฆื•ื™ ื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืงื•ืœื˜ื• ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ืœื•. ื‘ื–ื” ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืžืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืœื˜ื”ืจื” ืžื˜ื•ืžืื” ืฉื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืคืจื”.

ืžื•ืจื ื• ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื•ืš ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื”
ื ืœื‘”ืข ื›”ื“ ืื“ืจ ื‘’ ืชืฉืก”ื—

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื

Finkel, Moreinu Hagaon Harav Eliyahu Baruch ztโ€l

ืžื•ืจื ื• ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื•ืš ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื”

ื›”ื“ ื‘ืื“ืจ ื‘’ ืชืฉืก”ื—

ืžื•ืจื ื• ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื•ืš ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื” ื”ืชืžืกืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื™ื‘ื• ื•ื ืคืฉื• ืœื›ืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื•ืชืœืžื™ื“. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื” ื—ืก ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ื•ืจื’ืข ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžื ืฆืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ืžื ื• ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ืœื”ื›ื ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื•, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื• ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืœืฉื•ื—ื— ืืชื•, ื”ื™ื” ื”ื’ืจื”ื‘ ืžืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ืกื‘ืจ ืคื ื™ื ื™ืคื•ืช, ืžื•ืฉื™ื‘ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื•ืš ืœื™ื“ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื•ืžืงื“ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืช ืžืœื•ื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื• ื›ืขืช ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืœืคื ื™ื•.

ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืืชื• ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ื™ื• ืคื ื™ื• ืžืื™ืจื•ืช ืชืžื™ื“, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘’ืขื™ืœื•ื™’ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ืœืฉ ืฉื–ืงื•ืง ืœืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘. ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื–ืฆ”ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื›ืืœ ืชื•ืจื” ืžืกื™ื ื™ ื•ื”ื™ื” ื“ืŸ ื•ืžืชื•ื•ื›ื— ืืชื• ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื›ืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื. ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื™ื” ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ืžืฉื—ื™ืœ ืกื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืขืฆืžื• ืœืชื•ืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื”ืกื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•. ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ืจื•ืžื ืืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ื•ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืข ื‘ื”ื ืืช ืฉืžื—ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจืš ื’ืฉืžื™ ืฉืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื–ืฆ”ืœ ืžืชืคื ื” ืžื›ืœ ืขื™ืกื•ืงื™ื• ื•ื“ื•ืื’ ืœืจื•ื•ื—ืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื•. ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ื ืกื’ืจื• ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื“ื•ื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ืชืœื™ ื“ื™ืจืชื•, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื’ืจื”ื‘ ื•ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ืช ืฉืชืœื—ื˜”ื ืžืื–ื™ื ื™ื ืœืœื‘ื˜ื™ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“, ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ืžื™ื™ืขืฆื™ื ื•ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืขื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืงื•ืจื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืขื•ื“ ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื™ื–ื›ื” ืœื”ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ืช ื ืืžืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ืช. ื . ืฆ. ื‘. ื”.

ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืœื›ื”

Shpitzer, Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shlita

ื›ื™ ืชืฉื ืคืจื”

ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ”ื™

ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื ืชื ื• ืื™ืฉ ื›ื•ืคืจ ื ืคืฉื• ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื ื ื’ืฃ ื‘ืคืงื•ื“ ืื•ืชื. ื•ืข’ ื™ื•ืžื ื›”ื‘ ืข”ื ืชื ื ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืชื™ื›ื ืœืžื ื™ืŸ, ื•ืžืงืฉื” ื”ื’ืž’ ื•ื ื™ืžื ื™ื ื”ื• ืœื“ื™ื“ื”ื•, ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœื™ื” ืœืจ’ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื“ืืžืจ ืจ’ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืืกื•ืจ ืœืžื ื•ืช ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื•ื” ื•ื›ื•’ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื™ืฉืžืข ืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื ื•ื™ืคืงื“ื ื‘ื˜ืœืื™ื. ืืžืจ ืจ’ ืืœืขื–ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ื ื” ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœืื• ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื ืืฉืจ ืœื ื™ืžื“. ื•ื›ืŸ ืคืกืง ื”ืจืžื‘”ื ืค”ื“ ืžื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืžื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื””ื’ ื•ื’ื ื”ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ืกื™’ ืงื ”ื• ื”ื‘ื™ืื•.

ื•ื”ืงืฉื• ื”ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ืืžืื™ ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืžืงืจื ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืฉื ืืช ืจืืฉ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืคืงื•ื“ื™ื”ื ื•ื ืชื ื• ืื™ืฉ ื›ื•ืคืจ ื ืคืฉื• ื•ื›ื•’. ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ื“ื›ืŸ ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืก”ื‘ ืข”ื‘.

ื•ื‘ืžื”ืจืฉ”ื ื‘ื™ื•ืžื ืชื™’ ื“ืื™ื›ื ืœืคืจื•ืฉื™ ืžืขืฉื” ื“ืžืฉื” ื“ืœืงื— ืžื”ื ื—ืฆืื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœื›ืคืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื’ืœ ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ืขืœื™ื”ื ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื ื ื’ืฃ. ืืš ืง’ ืžื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื ”ืœ.

ื•ื‘ืก’ ื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืข ืขืœ ืžืก’ ืชืžื™ื“ ืชื™’ ื“ืžืงืจื ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ื“ืืกื•ืจ ืจืง ืฉืœื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืื‘ืœ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžืฆื•ื” ืื•ืœื™ ืžื•ืชืจ ื•ืงืž”ืœ ื‘ื’ืž’ ื™ื•ืžื ื“ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžืฆื•ื” ืืกื•ืจ. ื•ื›ืŸ ืชื™’ ื‘ืก’ ืขื™ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืขืฅ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘. ื•ื›”ื› ื”ื˜”ื– ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืค’ ื›ื™ ืชืฉื.

ื•ื”ื—ื™ื“”ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ืขื™ืŸ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืž’ ืื•ืช ื›”ื“ ืชื™’ ื“ืงืž”ืœ ื‘ื’ืž’ ื™ื•ืžื ื“ืืกื•ืจ ืœืžื ื•ืช ืืคื™ืœื• ื—ืœืง ืžื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื›”ื› ื‘ืฉืคืช ืืžืช ืขืœ ืžืก’ ื™ื•ืžื. ื•ื›”ื› ืžืฉืš ื—ื›ืžื” ื‘ื”ืคื˜ืจืช ืค’ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ.

ื•ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืžื ื™ืŸ ื—ืœืง ืžื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ื‘ื™ืื•, ื‘ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื—”ื– ืกื™’ ื’’ ืื•ืช ื™”ื’, ืขื•ื“ ืจืื™ื” ืœืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžื”ืžืขืฉื” ืฉืœ ืžื ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื‘ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘’ ื“ื“ืจืฉ ืฉื ืžืงืจื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื•ืื‘ ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ืžืคืงื“ ื”ืขื, ื•ืœืžื” ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืžืกืคืจ ื•ืžืคืงื“, ื•ื“ืจืฉื• ื“ื™ื•ืื‘ ืœื ืจืฆื” ืœืžื ื•ืช ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื“ื•ื“, ื•ืืžืจ ื™ื•ืื‘ “ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืœืš ืœืžื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉืœื— ืœืžื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื—ืžืฉื” ื‘ื ื™ื ืœืš ื•ื”ื˜ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืกืคื•ืจ ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืžื‘ืงืฉ” ื•ื—ื–ื™ื ืŸ ื“ื’ื ืžื ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืื—ืช ืืกื•ืจื”.

ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื“”ื” ื•ืœืคื™ ื”ื ”ืœ ื‘ืฉื ื‘ืขืœ ืงื””ื™ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื’ื•ื™ื ื”ืจื™ ืž”ืž ื™ืฉ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืžื ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืœื‘ื“ื• ื•ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ื”ื ”ืœ. ื•ื”ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืกื™’ ืงื ”ื• ื”ื‘ื™ื ืจืื™ื” ืžื”ื’ืž’ ื™ื•ืžื ื“ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืœื ื ื“ืข ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืฉืขืžื“ื• ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืž”ืž ื™ืฉ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ืžื ื™ืŸ, ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ืงืจื ื“ืœื ื™ืžื“ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืœื›ื’ ื–ื” ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ื”ื ”ืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืžื ื™ืŸ.

ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืชื™’ ื”ื—”ืก ืืžืื™ ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืฉื ื‘ื’ืž’ ื™ื•ืžื ืžืงืจื ื“ื›ื™ ืชืฉื, ื•ืž”ืž ืืกื•ืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืงื‘ืœื” ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืœื ื™ืžื“. ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื“”ื ื•ืฉืค”ื ื”ื ”ืœ, ืืœื ืฉื”ื—”ืก ืคื™’ ื›ืŸ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืข ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ.

ื•ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉื•”ืช ื›ืชื‘ ืกื•ืคืจ ื™ื•”ื“ ืกื™’ ืง”ื• ื‘ืฉื ื”ื—”ืก ื“ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืืกื•ืจ ื“ืืœ”ื› ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื•ืื‘ ืœื ืจืฆื” ืœืžื ื•ืช ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืžืื™ ืœื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื•ืข”ื› ื“ื’ื ื–ื” ืืกื•ืจ.

ืื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ืืœื ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืžืžื™ืช ืขืฆืžื• ืขืœื™ื”

Finkel, Moreinu Hagaon Harav Eliyahu Baruch ztโ€l

ื–ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื“ื ื›ื™ ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืื”ืœ ื•ื’ื•ืณ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื˜, ื™ื“).

ื“ืจืฉื• ื—ื–ืดืœ (ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช) ืื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ืืœื ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืžืžื™ืช ืขืฆืžื• ืขืœื™ื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื–ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื“ื ื›ื™ ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืื”ืœ. ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉืดื™ ืฉื: ื–ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™ื”, ื‘ืื“ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืื”ืœื™ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื“ืจืฉื” ื–ื• ื ืฉื ื™ืช ื‘ื’ืณ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื’ืžืจื: ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช (ืกื’,ื‘), ื‘ืฉื‘ืช (ืคื’,ื‘ ื•ื‘ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ (ื ื–, ื‘). ื•ื”ืจืžื‘ืดื (ืคืดื’ ืชืดืช ื”ื™ืดื‘) ื”ื‘ื™ื ื ืžื™ ื“ืจืฉื” ื–ื• ื•ื–ืดืœ: ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื“ืจืš ืจืžื–, ื–ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื“ื ื›ื™ ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืื”ืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ืืœื ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืžืžื™ืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืื”ืœื™ ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื [ื•ื™ืฉ ื’ื•ืจืกื™ื (ืžื”ื“’ ืจืฉืดืค) ื‘ืื”ืœื™ ื”ื—ื›ืžื”].

ืขื•ื“ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืจืžื‘ืดื ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืดืช ืฉื (ืคืดื’ ื”ืœื›ื” ื•-ื–), ื“ืžื™ ืฉื ืฉืื• ืœื‘ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืชืจ ื‘ื›ืชืจื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ืœื ื™ืกื™ื— ื“ืขืชื• ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื•ืœื ื™ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืœื‘ื• ืฉื™ืงื ื” ืชื•ืจื” ืขื ื”ืขื•ืฉืจ ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื›ืื—ื“, ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ื“ืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ืคืช ื‘ืžืœื— ืชืื›ืœ ื•ื›ื•’. ืฉืžื ืชืืžืจ ืขื“ ืฉืืงื‘ืฅ ืžืžื•ืŸ ื•ืื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืืงืจื ื•ื›ื•’, ืื ืชืขืœื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื–ื• ืขืœ ืœื‘ืš ืื™ืŸ ืืชื” ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื›ืชืจื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ืœืขื•ืœื, ืขื›ืดืœ. ื•ืœื”ืœืŸ (ื”ืœื›ื” ื™ื’) ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื”ืจืžื‘ืดื ืฉืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืชืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื™ื–ื”ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื™ืœื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืœื ื™ืื‘ื“ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ื ื” ื•ืื›ื™ืœื” ื•ืฉืชื™ื” ื•ืฉื™ื—ื” ื•ื›ื™ื•ืดื‘, ืืœื ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ื•’, ืขื›ืดืœ. ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืžื” ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื›ืชืจ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืœืžื” ืื ืžืื‘ื“ ืœื™ืœื” ืื—ื“ ืžืœื™ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืžืื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ื›ืชืจ. ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉื ืช ืจื‘ื™ ืื”ืจืŸ (ื—ืดื ืขืž’ ืœื) ืฉื‘ื›ืชืจ ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืคื’ื™ืžื” ืื—ืช ื”ื•ื™ ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืชืจ, ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืดื‘.

ื•ื ืจืื” ื‘ื–ื”, ืœืคื™ ืžืฉืดื› ื”ื‘ืณืณื— (ืื•ืดื— ืกื™ืณ ืžืดื–) ื•ื–ืดืœ: ื“ื›ื•ื ืชื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชืชืขืฆื ื ืฉืžืชื ื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื•ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืžืงื•ืจ ืžื•ืฆื ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ืชืŸ ื”ืงื‘ืณืณื” ืชื•ืจืช ืืžืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืชื ื” ืฉืœื ืชืฉืชื›ื— ืžืืชื ื•, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชืชื“ื‘ืง ื ืฉืžืชื ื• ื•ื’ื•ืคื ื• ื‘ืจืžืดื— ืื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืฉืกืณืณื” ื’ื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืžืดื— ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ื•ืฉืกืดื” ืœื ืชืขืฉื” ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืขื›ืดืœ. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื•, ืฉื›ืœ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ื”ื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื• ืชื”ื™ื” ืฉืงื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืžืขืฉื” ื“ืจื‘ื ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ื’ืžืณ ืฉื‘ืช (ืคื—, ื), ืฉื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืฉืงื•ืข ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืžืขืชื ืœื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืžืžืขืš ืืฆื‘ืขื• ื•ื–ื‘ ืžืžื ื• ื“ื, ื›ื™ ื”ืžื™ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœื• ื•ื ื”ืคื›ื• ื›ื•ืœื ืœื—ื•ืฉื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื•ืชื ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืจื” [ื•ืขืดืฉ ื‘ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืฆื“ื•ืงื™ ืขืœ ื”ืคื–ื™ื–ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžื”ืจืฉืดื ืฉื].

ื•ื›ืŸ ืจืื™ื ื• ืืฆืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื–ื™ืดืข, ืฉืขืฉื• ืœื”ื ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ืœื ืกื ืžืจื“ื™ื ืขืณืณื™ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืขืฆืžื ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื, ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฆืื ื• ืืฆืœ ื”ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื ื”ืขืžืงื ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ื™ ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืจืง ืกื’ื•ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืฉืจ ืžืžื™ืชื” ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื™ื. ื•ื’ื ื™ื“ื•ืข ืžืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• [ื›ืš ืืžืจ ืืืณืณื– ืžืกืœื‘ื•ื“ืงื ื–ืœืœื”ืดื” ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื˜ื• ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื”ื’ืจืดื], ืฉืื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืืคืฉืจ, ื–ื” ื’ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืขื•ืจืง ืื• ื’ื™ื“ ืื—ื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืคื ื•ื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื’ืดื› ื”ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ื ื•ืจื ืœืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ.

ื•ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืฉืขืช ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” (ืฉื‘ืช ืคื—, ื‘) ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืฆื ืžืคื™ ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ื™ืฆืชื” ื ืฉืžืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื ืคืฉื™ ื™ืฆื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื•, ื•ื”ืงืฉื• ื‘ื’ืžืณ ื•ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืžื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื™ืฆืชื” ื ืฉืžืชืŸ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื™ืืš ืงื™ื‘ืœื•, ื•ืžืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ื˜ืœ ืฉืœ ืชื—ื™ื” ืฉืขืชื™ื“ ืœื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื• ืžืชื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื™ื” ืื•ืชื, ื•ืœื ื ืชืคืจืฉ ืœื”ื“ื™ื ืžื”ื• ืื•ืชื• ื˜ืœ ืฉืœ ืชื—ื™ื” ืฉืขืชื™ื“ ืœื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื• ืžืชื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืชื‘ืืจ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื™ืชืจื• (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›, ื) ืฉื”ื˜ืœ ืฉืœ ืชื—ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขืฆืžื”, ื›ื“ืื™ืชื ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™ ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช (ืงื™ื, ื‘) ืขื”ืณืณืค (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื›ื•, ื™ื˜) ื›ื™ ื˜ืœ ืื•ืจื•ืช ื˜ืœืš – ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื•ืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืื•ืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื”ื•. ื ืžืฆื ืฉื”ื˜ืœ ืฉืœ ืชื—ื™ื” ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืชื• ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื’ื•ืคื, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืžืžื™ืช ืื•ืชื, ื•ืžืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžื—ื™ื” ืื•ืชื.

ื•ืœื“ืจื›ื ื• ื ืœืžื“ ืžื–ื” ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืœืงื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื”, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื™ืžื™ืช ืืฆืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ื“ ื™ืขื ื™ืง ืœื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”.

ื•ื–ื” ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื–ืดืœ ื›ืืŸ ืดืื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ืืœื ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืžืžื™ืช ืขืฆืžื• ืขืœื™ื”ืด, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืžืžื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื•ื™ืชื—ื“ืฉ ืืฆืœื• ื—ื•ืฉื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื ื”ื™ื™ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื• ื•ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื• ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื—ื™ื•ืชื• ืดืชื•ืจื”ืด. ื•ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืฆื™ื ื• (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืจื‘ื” ื™ื˜, ื›ื•) ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืณื•ืžืžื“ื‘ืจ ืžืชื ื”ืณ, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ืืœื ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืžืฉื™ื ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืžืคืœื™ื’ ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœ, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืคืœื™ื’ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืฉื•ื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”.

ื•ืœืคืดื– ื ืจืื” ื“ื–ื”ื• ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ืจืžื‘ืดื ืฉื™ื”ื ืดืžืžื™ืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืื”ืœื™ ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ืืด, ื•ื”ื•ื ืขืดืค ื”ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช (ืกื’, ื‘) ืฉืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืื”ืœื™ ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืžืกืžืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืงืฉ ื”ืฉื, ื•ื™ืœืคื™ื ืŸ ืฉื ืžืดื•ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ืฆื ืืœ ืื”ืœ ืžื•ืขื“ืด, ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืขื™ืจ ื•ืžืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืขืดืฉ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื’ื‘ื™ ืดื™ืขืงื‘ ืื™ืฉ ืชื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืื”ืœื™ืืด (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื”, ื›ื–), ื•ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ: ืดืชื‘ืข ืื•ืœืคืŸ ืžืŸ ืงื“ื ื”ืฉืืด, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื•ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ื ืจืื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืขืคืดื“ ื”ืจืžื‘ืดื ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืจื•ืฆื— (ืคืดื– ื”ืดื) ื›ื™ ื—ื™ื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื” ื‘ืœื ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืžื™ืชื” ื”ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื, ืขื›ืดืœ. ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืจืžื‘ืดื ืฉืœื ืจืง ืืฆืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ืžื™ ืฉืœื•ืžื“ ืœืขืฆืžื• ืชื•ืจื” ืขื™ืงืจ ื—ื™ื•ืชื• ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืจื”, ืืœื ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืชื•ืจื” ื’ืดื› ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื‘ืœื ืชื•ืจื” ื–ื” ืžื™ืชื”. ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื’ื ื›ืืŸ ื”ืจืžื‘ืดื ืฉืžื™ ืฉืžืžื™ืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืื”ืœื™ ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืžืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืืžื™ืชื™, ืืฆืœื• ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื–ื” ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช.

ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืชืจ ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืชืจ ืื™ื ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ืขืฆื ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืขื˜ืจ ื‘ื•, ืืœื ื–ื”ื• ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืฆื ืžื”ื•ืชื•, ื›ืžื• ื›ืชืจ ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ื•ื›ืชืจ ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ืฉื”ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืœื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื—ื•ืฆื” ืœื•, ื•ื”ืดื  ื›ืชืจ ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืขืฆื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื• ื•ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื•, ื•ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืืดื ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืžืžื ื•. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘ืดื (ื”ืดื•) ื“ืžื™ ืฉืžืžื™ืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœื ืžืกื™ื— ื“ืขืชื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ื–ื•ื›ื” ื‘ื›ืชืจ ืชื•ืจื”.

ื•ืขืชื” ื ื‘ื ืœื‘ืืจ ื’ื ืกื•ืฃ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘ืณืณื ืฉื (ื”ื™ืดื’) ืฉืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืชืจ ืชื•ืจื” ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืฉืœื ืœืื‘ื“ ืœื™ืœื” ืื—ื“ ืžืœื™ืœื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื” ื•ืฉืชื™ื” ื•ืฉื™ื ื” ื•ืฉื™ื—ื”, ื•ืฆืดื‘ ืžื” ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืœื™ืœื” ื“ื•ืงื, ื•ื’ื ืœืžื” ื”ืคืกื™ื“ ื”ื›ืœ ืื ืื™ื‘ื“ ืœื™ืœื” ืื—ื“.

ื•ื ืจืื” ื‘ื–ื”, ืฉื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื• ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื• ืžืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ื™ื•ื, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื•ื ืžืขื™ืงืจ ืชื›ื•ื ืชื• ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœืขืกืงื™ ื”ืื“ื, ื›ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงื“, ื›ื‘-ื›ื’) ืชื–ืจื— ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื•ื’ื•ืณ ื™ืฆื ืื“ื ืœืคืขืœื• ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืขื“ื™ ืขืจื‘, [ื•ื›ืดื” ื‘ืจืžื‘ืณืณื ืฉื (ื”ืดื˜) ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืžืœืื›ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืžืขื˜ ื›ื“ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื• ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืžื” ื™ืื›ืœ, ื•ืฉืืจ ื™ื•ืžื• ื•ืœื™ืœื• ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื”], ื•ืืณืณื› ืื ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืืœื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืื™ืดื– ืืœื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืณืขื‘ื•ื“ื”ืณ ืืฆืœื• ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืณืขืกืง ืฉืœื•’, ื•ืืฃ ืฉื–ื• ืžืขืœื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” [ื›ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืณืœืขืกื•ืงืณ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื”], ืžืดืž ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืจืื™ื” ืฉื–ื” ืขืฆื ื›ืœ ืขื™ืงืจ ื—ื™ื•ืชื•, ื•ื–ื• ื”ืžืขืœื” ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืœื•ืžื“ ื’ื ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ืฉืื™ืดื– ื–ืžืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืฉื‘ื–ื” ืžืจืื” ืฉืืฆืœื• ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืขืฆื ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื›ืชืจื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”.

ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื“ื•ืงื“ืง ื’ื ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืฉื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืงื‘ืขื• ื—ื–ืดืœ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืคื ื™ ืงืดืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ืดื‘ืฉื›ื‘ื ื• ื•ื‘ืงื•ืžื ื• ื ืฉื™ื— ื‘ื—ื•ืงื™ืš”, ืฉื–ื” ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืชืžื“ื”, ื•ื’ื ืดื›ื™ ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ืื•ืจืš ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื•ื‘ื”ื ื ื”ื’ื” ื™ื•ืžื ื•ืœื™ืœื”ืด, ืฉื–ื” ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจื”. ืื›ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ ืงืดืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ืœื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื• ืžื›ืœ ื–ื”. ื•ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื ืดืœ ืฉื”ื”ืชืžื“ื” ื•ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื”.

ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื”ืจืžื‘ืดื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื–ื”ืจ ืฉืœื ืœืื‘ื“ ืœื™ืœื” ืื—ื“ ืžืœื™ืœื•ืชื™ื•, ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืฆืœื• ื–ื” ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืชืžื“ื”, ื•ืื ืžืื‘ื“ ืœื™ืœื” ืื—ื“ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉืื™ืดื– ื—ื™ื•ืชื•, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืœื ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉืœื™ืœื” ืื—ื“ ื™ืคืกื™ืง ืื“ื ืœื ืฉื•ื, ื›ืš ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื ืฉืžืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.

ื•ื›ืš ืขื•ืœื” ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืžื‘ืดื ื”ืœืณ ืชืดืช ืฉื (ืคืดื’ ื”ื™ืดื‘): ืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืžืจืคื” ืขืฆืžื• ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื•ืœื ื‘ืืœื• ืฉืœื•ืžื“ื™ืŸ ืžืชื•ืš ืขื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืชื•ืš ืื›ื™ืœื” ื•ืฉืชื™ื”, ืืœื ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืžืžื™ืช ืขืฆืžื• ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื•ืžืฆืขืจ ื’ื•ืคื• ืชืžื™ื“ ื•ืœื ื™ืชืŸ ืฉื™ื ื” ืœืขื™ื ื™ื• ื•ืœืขืคืขืคื™ื• ืชื ื•ืžื”. ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื“ืจืš ืจืžื– ื–ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื“ื ื›ื™ ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืื”ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ืืœื ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืžืžื™ืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืื”ืœื™ ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ื›ื•ืณ ืขื›ืดืœ. ื”ืจื™ ื—ื–ื™ื ืŸ ื“ืชืจืชื™ ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืœืงื™ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื”, ื. ืžืžื™ืช ืขืฆืžื•, ื‘. ืชืžื™ื“. ืžืฉืžืข ื›ื ืดืœ, ื“ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืขื™ ืชืจืชื™, ืžืžื™ืช ืขืฆืžื•, ื•ืชืžื™ื“.

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Friedman, Harav Hagaon Moshe Ahron Shlita

Repairing the Damage of the Eigel

Parashas Ki Sisa

Harav Hagaon Moshe Aharon Friedman shlita

In middle of this weekโ€™s parashah, the Torah records the events surrounding the cheit haโ€™eigel.

First, the Yidden thought that Moshe was delayed: ื•ึทื™ึผึทืจึฐื ื”ึธืขึธื ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ึนืฉืึตืฉื ืžึนืฉืึถื”. The consequence of his delayed arrival conveys a powerful message in and of itself: Be punctual, and donโ€™t delay. Look what happened when the Yidden thought Moshe Rabbeinu was late โ€” they made the eigel.

But there are other lessons to be learned from the cheit haโ€™eigel as well.

The Meshech Chochmah teaches the following. We know that Hakadosh Baruch Hu has no body and connection to physicality: ืึตื™ื ื•ึน ื’ื•ึผืฃ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึทืฉึดึผื‚ื™ื’ื•ึผื”ื•ึผ ืžึทืฉึดึผื‚ื™ื’ึตื™ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึผืฃ. He is so removed from all corporeality that it is not even possible to connect with Him through any physical medium. But Klal Yisrael mistakenly thought that they needed a physical medium to connect with Hashem, and when Moshe Rabbeinu seemed to have disappeared, they believed they needed a different medium instead. When they created the eigel, their goal was for it to serve as a medium through which they could connect with Hakadosh Baruch Hu, but that was a terrible mistake.

That explains why Moshe Rabbeinu broke the luchos when he came down and saw the eigel, and it also explains why Hashem commended him for this act: ื™ื™ืฉืจ ื›ื•ื— ืฉืฉื™ื‘ืจืช.

The luchos were also a physical item, and if Klal Yisrael had already made the mistake of thinking that a davar gashmi was necessary in order to connect with Hashem, then Moshe Rabbeinu had to break the luchos to demonstrate that the kesher with Hashem is not gashmiyusโ€™dik at all.

The Danger of Yiush

Another lesson regarding the cheit haโ€™eigel relates to Klal Yisraelโ€™s reaction upon seeing that Moshe Rabbeinu was not coming down from heaven. They said: ื›ึผึดื™ ื–ึถื” ืžึนืฉืึถื” ื”ึธืึดื™ืฉื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื”ึถืขึฑืœึธื ื•ึผ ืžึตืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ืœึนื ื™ึธื“ึทืขึฐื ื•ึผ ืžึถื” ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืœื•ึน. They didnโ€™t know what had happened to him, and they thought he had died.

When the Torah was given at Har Sinai, death was supposed to disappear from the world. Indeed, regarding the first luchos, the Torah says the words ื—ึธืจื•ึผืช ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืœึผึปื—ึนืช, and the Mishnah states: ืืœ ืชืงืจื ื—ืจื•ืช ืืœื ื—ื™ืจื•ืช. The cheirus afforded by Mattan Torah was ื—ืจื•ืช ืžืžืœืืš ื”ืžื•ื•ืช, and we were supposed to live forever. What happened? The Yidden were meyaโ€™eish, as they declared: ืœึนื ื™ึธื“ึทืขึฐื ื•ึผ ืžึถื” ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืœื•ึน. Death is the ultimate example of yiush; thereโ€™s no greater yiush than having ืžืชื• ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืœืคื ื™ื•. At that point, thereโ€™s nothing to daven for โ€” the person is dead. When Klal Yisrael despaired of Moshe returning, because they thought he was dead, they experienced the ultimate yiush, and that yiush brought death back to the world.

This was a terrible mistake, for, as the Gemara teaches, in Berachos: ืืคื™ืœื• ื—ืจื‘ ื—ื“ื” ืžื•ื ื—ืช ืขืœ ืฆื•ืืจื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืืœ ื™ืžื ืข ืขืฆืžื• ืžืŸ ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื.

Later on, Hakadosh Baruch Hu showed Moshe the kesher shel tefillin, which expressed that thereโ€™s always a connection. The term โ€œtefillinโ€ actually connotes โ€œconnection,โ€ as it is composed of the same letters as the name โ€œNaftali,โ€ which Rashi interprets to mean โ€œconnection.โ€ Connection is the opposite of death, and we need to realize that weโ€™re always connected, no matter what: ืืœ ื™ืžื ืข ืขืฆืžื• ืžืŸ ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื.

The Gemara in Succah relates that a certain old woman had her succah stolen, and the psak that was issued, as per the takanas marish was that it did not have to be returned to her, since she had been meyaโ€™eish. In response, she yelled, โ€œIโ€™m an einikel of Avraham Avinu!โ€

The meforshim explain that what she meant was: โ€œYouโ€™re telling me that Iโ€™m meyaโ€™eish? When Avraham Avinu went to war with the four kings, accompanied by Eliezer, the passuk mentions the number 318, which is one more than the gematria of yiush โ€” itโ€™s above yiush. So Iโ€™m not meyaโ€™eish, just as my ancestor Avraham Avinu was not meyaโ€™eish.โ€

The yiush of ื›ึผึดื™ ื–ึถื” ืžึนืฉืึถื” ื”ึธืึดื™ืฉื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื”ึถืขึฑืœึธื ื•ึผ ืžึตืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ืœึนื ื™ึธื“ึทืขึฐื ื•ึผ ืžึถื” ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืœื• is what led to all the problems and all the tzaros.

 

 

Why Break the Luchos?

We know that Moshe Rabbeinu returned on Shivah Asar Bโ€™Tammuz and he broke the luchos, after which he went back up to Shomayim for another forty days. The meforshim explain that Moshe Rabbeinu had already learned kol haTorah kulah, but after the breaking of the luchos a different limud haTorah was necessary, so he had to go up to Shomayim a second time. First, there were forty days of tefillah, followed by another forty days, after which Moshe Rabbeinu finally descended on Yom Kippur with the second luchos. Yet the luchos were originally supposed to have been given to Klal Yisrael on Shivah Asar Bโ€™Tammuz.

When the Yidden complained to Aharon, Aharon told them: ื—ึทื’ ืœึทื”’ ืžึธื—ึธืจ. On a simple level, he was trying to delay them by assuring them that tomorrow they would make a Yom Tov. The Arizal, however, explains that Aharon was saying that the next day, Shivah Asar Bโ€™Tammuz, was really supposed to be a Yom Tov. Just as Yom Kippur is an intensely holy day, because that is when the second luchos were brought down, Shivah Asar Bโ€™Tammuz โ€” the original day that the luchos were meant to be brought down โ€” was supposed to have been the ultimate Yom Tov.

But there is another way to explain what Aharon was conveying with the words ื—ึทื’ ืœึทื”’ ืžึธื—ึธืจ.

The word ืžึธื—ึธืจ can mean ืœืื—ืจ ื–ืžืŸ โ€” after a while. When Aharon said ื—ึทื’ ืœึทื”’ ืžึธื—ึธืจ, even though he was prophesying that there would be a problem โ€” namely, the breaking of the luchos โ€” he was also conveying that Kabbalas HaTorah was really supposed to take place on Shivah Asar Bโ€™Tammuz.

When Hashem spoke to Moshe at the sneh, He informed him that the Yidden would receive the Torah at that site: ื‘ึผึฐื”ื•ึนืฆึดื™ืึฒืšึธ ืึถืช ื”ึธืขึธื ืžึดืžึผึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ืชึผึทืขึทื‘ึฐื“ื•ึผืŸ ืึถืช ื”ึธืึฑืœึนืงึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ื”ึธื”ึธืจ ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”. Rashi adds: ืฉื”ืจื™ ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืœืกื•ืฃ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืžืžืฆืจื™ื.

What does Rashi mean when he says that they would receive the Torah three months after leaving Mitzrayim? From Pesach until Shavuos was less than three months!

Shivah Asar Bโ€™Tammuz is three months after Pesach, and the original plan was that that day would be the pinnacle of the ื—ึทื’ ืœึทื”’, with the giving of the luchos. That did not happen, as the luchos were broken, and Shivah Asar Bโ€™Tammuz came to represent the ultimate missed opportunity.

 

The Zohar brings down that when weโ€™re going to have the third Beis Hamikdash, it will have two floors: The bottom floor will be the second Beis Hamikdash, while the second floor will be the first Beis Hamikdash. Actually, the second Beis Hamikdash had a second floor. That floor was empty; it was prepared that way so that later on, the third Beis Hamikdash could encompass the second Beis Hamikdash and above it the first.

The first Beis Hamikdash contained the aron and the luchos โ€” the second luchos and the broken first luchos. When the Kohen Gadol would enter the Kodesh Hakodashim on Yom Kippur, it was illuminated by the light emanating from the aron. In the second Beis Hamikdash the Kodash Hakodashim contained only the even hashesiyah, so when the Kohen Gadol would enter it was dark. But leโ€™asid lavo, when we have the third Beis Hamikdash, the aron and the two sets of luchos will return! There will be two floors, and we will go back to the level of the luchos rishonos, to the original plan of what Aharon described as ื—ึทื’ ืœึทื”’ ืžึธื—ึธืจ โ€” the way things were supposed to be.

Weโ€™re going through hard times now, but what we have to work on and contemplate when we learn the parashah of cheit haโ€™eigel is, first of all, not to be meyaโ€™eish at all, and instead to continually remain focused. In addition, we need to try to come close to Hakadosh Baruch Hu, to be connected to Him, and to realize that our aspiration is to reach the ื—ึทื’ ืœึทื”’ ืžึธื—ึธืจ โ€” to return to the tikkun haโ€™olam of the luchos rishonos, of the original plan and the ultimate Mattan Torah.

We should be zocheh bโ€™meheirah.

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