Ki SisaShmos

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•

ืคืกืœ ืœืš ืฉื ื™ ืœื—ืช ืื‘ื ื™ื ื›ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื (ืœื“, ื)
ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืชื ื—ื•ืžื (ืคืจืง ืœ) ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื—ื–”ืœ: ื•ืžื” ืจืื” ืžืฉื” ืœืฉื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช, ืžืฉืœ ืœืžืœืš ืฉื”ืœืš ืœืžื“ื™ื ืช ื”ื™ื ื•ื”ื ื™ื— ืืฉืชื• ืขื ื”ืฉืคื—ื•ืช, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืขืžื”ื ื™ืฆื ืขืœื™ื” ืฉื ืจืข. ืฉืžืข ื”ืžืœืš ื•ื‘ื ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืœื”ื•ืจื’ื”, ืฉืžืข ืฉื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื” ืขืžื“ ื•ืงืจืข ื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื”, ืืžืจ ืื ื™ืืžืจ ื”ืžืœืš ื›ืš ื•ื›ืš ืขืฉืชื” ืืฉืชื™ ื ืืžืจ ืœื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื” ืืฉืชืš, ื‘ื“ืง ื”ืžืœืš ืื—ืจื™ื” ื•ืœื ืžืฆื ื‘ื” ืขืจื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจ, ืืœื ื”ืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืฉืงืœืงืœื•, ืžื™ื“ ื ืชืจืฆื” ืœื”. ื”ืœ ืฉื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืจื™ ืขืฉื” ืœื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ืื—ืจืช ืฉื ืชืงืจืขื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืืžืจื” ืœื• ืืชื” ืงืจืขืช ืื•ืชื” ืœืš ื•ื”ื‘ื ืืช ื”ื ื™ื™ืจ ืžืฉืœืš ื•ื›ื•’, ืข”ื›. ื•ื”ื ืžืฉืœ ื”ื•ื, ืฉื ืชืจืฆื” ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื—ืจ ื—ื˜ื ื”ืขื’ืœ.

ื•ืชืžื•ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ื›ื™ ืœื ืžืฆื ื‘ื” ืขืจื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืืœื ื”ืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื”ืŸ ืฉืงืœืงืœื•, ื•ื”ืจื™ ืžืงืจื ืžืœื ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ “ื•ื™ื’ืฃ ื“’ ืืช ื”ืขื ืขืœ ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื• ืืช ื”ืขื’ืœ” (ืœื’ ืœื”), “ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ืคืงื“ื™ ื•ืคืงื“ืชื™ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื—ื˜ืืชื” (ืœื’ ืœื“)?

ื•ื”ืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื™ืžืฆื ื™ืกื•ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื ื•ืจื ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืจื‘ื™ ืืจื™ื” ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ

ืžืชื•ืš ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก “ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืคืจืฉื”” ืชืฉืข”ื‘

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื

Maran Hamashgiach Hagaon Harav Yechezkel Levinshtein, ztโ€l

ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ

ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืชืืจ ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ื”ื’ื””ืฆ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืœื•ื•ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ. ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืจืŸ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ื–ืฆ”ืœ ืžื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื”ื›ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืงืจืืช ืขืžื™ื“ืชื• ืœืคื ื™ ืžืœืš ืžืœื›ื™ ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื.

ืžืจื’ืœื ื‘ืคื•ืžื™ื” ืฉ”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืœื ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ืœื™ ื ืฉืžื””.

ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœืžื” ื”ื•ืจื‘ื™ืฅ ื–ืฆ”ืœ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืจ”ืž ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ืžื™ืจ, ืกื™ืคืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืœื”ืื–ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ื–ืฆ”ืœ. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื•ืžืข ืืช ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ืจ ืžืคื™ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ืžืชื—ื–ืง ื‘ืืžื•ื ืช ื”’.”

ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืฉื”ื” ืžืจืŸ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ืขื ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื•ื™ืœื ื”, ืืžืจ ืื—ื“ ืžื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืคื ื™ ืžืจืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืขื•ื–ืจ ื’ืจื•ื–’ื™ื ืกืงื™ ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ, ื›ื™ ืชืคื™ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช ื›ืชืคื™ืœืช ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื‘ืœื™ืœ ืฉื‘ืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืคืจืฉืช ื›ื™ ืชืฉื ืชืฉืœ”ื“, ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืœื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ, ื‘ื ืœื‘ืงืจื• ืื—ื“ ืžืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื. ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžืขืจื™ื‘. ืคื ื” ืืœื™ื• ืžืจืŸ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ื•ืืžืจ ื‘ืฆืขืจ ืขืžื•ืง “ื–ื• ืœื ืชืคื™ืœื””. ื ื™ืกื” ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืœื ื—ืžื• ื•ืืžืจ “ื”ืจื™ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ื—ื•ืœื” ื•ื”ืชืคืœืœ ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื›ืœ ืœืคื™ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืชืคื™ืœืชื• ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื”, ืืš ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ื ืขื ืข ื‘ื™ื“ื• ื•ืืžืจ “ืžื” ืื™ืชื›ื! ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ืชืคื™ืœื”.” ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื—ื–ืจ ื•ืืžืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืžืขืœื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื™ืจืื”, ื•ืื ืœื ืขื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืจืื” ืื™ืŸ ืืœื• ื—ื™ื™ื.

ืชื ืฆื‘”ื”

ื ืœื‘”ืข ื™”ื— ื‘ืื“ืจ ืชืฉืœ”ื“

ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืœื›ื”

Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shpitzer Shlita

ื›ื™ ืชืฉื

ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ”ื™

ื™ื•ืžื ื›”ื‘ ืข”ื ืชื ื ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืชื™ื›ื ืœืžื ื™ืŸ, ื•ืžืงืฉื” ื”ื’ืž’ ื•ื ื™ืžื ื™ื ื”ื• ืœื“ื™ื“ื”ื•, ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœื™ื” ืœืจ’ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื“ืืžืจ ืจ’ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืืกื•ืจ ืœืžื ื•ืช ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื•ื” ื•ื›ื•’ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื™ืฉืžืข ืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื ื•ื™ืคืงื“ื ื‘ื˜ืœืื™ื. ืืžืจ ืจ’ ืืœืขื–ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ื ื” ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœืื• ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื ืืฉืจ ืœื ื™ืžื“. ื•ื›ืŸ ืคืกืง ื”ืจืžื‘”ื ืค”ื“ ืžื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืžื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื””ื’ ื•ื’ื ื”ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ืกื™’ ืงื ”ื• ื”ื‘ื™ืื•.

ื•ื”ืงืฉื• ื”ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ืืžืื™ ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืžืงืจื ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืฉื ืืช ืจืืฉ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืคืงื•ื“ื™ื”ื ื•ื ืชื ื• ืื™ืฉ ื›ื•ืคืจ ื ืคืฉื• ื•ื›ื•’. ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ื“ื›ืŸ ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืก”ื‘ ืข”ื‘.

ื•ื‘ืžื”ืจืฉ”ื ื‘ื™ื•ืžื ืชื™’ ื“ืื™ื›ื ืœืคืจื•ืฉื™ ืžืขืฉื” ื“ืžืฉื” ื“ืœืงื— ืžื”ื ื—ืฆืื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœื›ืคืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื’ืœ ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ืขืœื™ื”ื ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื ื ื’ืฃ. ืืš ืง’ ืžื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื ”ืœ.

ื•ื‘ืก’ ื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืข ืขืœ ืžืก’ ืชืžื™ื“ ืชื™’ ื“ืžืงืจื ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ื“ืืกื•ืจ ืจืง ืฉืœื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืื‘ืœ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžืฆื•ื” ืื•ืœื™ ืžื•ืชืจ ื•ืงืž”ืœ ื‘ื’ืž’ ื™ื•ืžื ื“ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžืฆื•ื” ืืกื•ืจ. ื•ื›ืŸ ืชื™’ ื‘ืก’ ืขื™ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืขืฅ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘. ื•ื›”ื› ื”ื˜”ื– ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืค’ ื›ื™ ืชืฉื.

ื•ื”ื—ื™ื“”ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ืขื™ืŸ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืž’ ืื•ืช ื›”ื“ ืชื™’ ื“ืงืž”ืœ ื‘ื’ืž’ ื™ื•ืžื ื“ืืกื•ืจ ืœืžื ื•ืช ืืคื™ืœื• ื—ืœืง ืžื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื›”ื› ื‘ืฉืคืช ืืžืช ืขืœ ืžืก’ ื™ื•ืžื. ื•ื›”ื› ืžืฉืš ื—ื›ืžื” ื‘ื”ืคื˜ืจืช ืค’ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ.

ื•ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืžื ื™ืŸ ื—ืœืง ืžื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ื‘ื™ืื•, ื‘ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื—”ื– ืกื™’ ื’’ ืื•ืช ื™”ื’, ืขื•ื“ ืจืื™ื” ืœืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžื”ืžืขืฉื” ืฉืœ ืžื ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื‘ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘’ ื“ื“ืจืฉ ืฉื ืžืงืจื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื•ืื‘ ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ืžืคืงื“ ื”ืขื, ื•ืœืžื” ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืžืกืคืจ ื•ืžืคืงื“, ื•ื“ืจืฉื• ื“ื™ื•ืื‘ ืœื ืจืฆื” ืœืžื ื•ืช ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื“ื•ื“, ื•ืืžืจ ื™ื•ืื‘ “ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืœืš ืœืžื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉืœื— ืœืžื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื—ืžืฉื” ื‘ื ื™ื ืœืš ื•ื”ื˜ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืกืคื•ืจ ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืžื‘ืงืฉ” ื•ื—ื–ื™ื ืŸ ื“ื’ื ืžื ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืื—ืช ืืกื•ืจื”.

ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื“”ื” ื•ืœืคื™ ื”ื ”ืœ ื‘ืฉื ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืคืœืจ ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื’ื•ื™ื ื”ืจื™ ืž”ืž ื™ืฉ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืžื ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืœื‘ื“ื• ื•ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ื”ื ”ืœ. ื•ื”ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืกื™’ ืงื ”ื• ื”ื‘ื™ื ืจืื™ื” ืžื”ื’ืž’ ื™ื•ืžื ื“ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืœื ื ื“ืข ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืฉืขืžื“ื• ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืž”ืž ื™ืฉ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ืžื ื™ืŸ, ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ืงืจื ื“ืœื ื™ืžื“ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืœื›ื’ ื–ื” ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ื”ื ”ืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืžื ื™ืŸ.

ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืชื™’ ื”ื—”ืก ืืžืื™ ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืฉื ื‘ื’ืž’ ื™ื•ืžื ืžืงืจื ื“ื›ื™ ืชืฉื, ื•ืž”ืž ืืกื•ืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืงื‘ืœื” ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืœื ื™ืžื“. ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื“”ื ื•ืฉืค”ื ื”ื ”ืœ, ืืœื ืฉื”ื—”ืก ืคื™’ ื›ืŸ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืข ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ.

ื•ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉื•”ืช ื›ืชื‘ ืกื•ืคืจ ื™ื•”ื“ ืกื™’ ืง”ื• ื‘ืฉื ื”ื—”ืก ื“ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืืกื•ืจ ื“ืืœ”ื› ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื•ืื‘ ืœื ืจืฆื” ืœืžื ื•ืช ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืžืื™ ืœื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื•ืข”ื› ื“ื’ื ื–ื” ืืกื•ืจ.

ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืžืœื‘ื“ื•

Maran Hamashgiach Hagaon Harav Yechezkel Levinshtein, ztโ€l

ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืžืœื‘ื“ื•
ื ืชืขื•ืจืจืชื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืฉื’ื—ื”. ื•ื‘ืืžืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืจื’ืฉืชืŸ ื”ื ืžื”ืกื‘ื ืžืงืขืœื ื–ืดืœ. ืดื‘ืฉื‘ืขื” ืขืฉืจ ื‘ืชืžื•ื– ื ืฉืชื‘ืจื• ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืชืด (ืชืขื ื™ืช ื›ื•). ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช, ืžื ื™ืขืช ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืžืฉื” ืจืขืดื” ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช [ื•ื”ืกื›ื™ื ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื•] ื•ืขื™ืดื– ืœื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืดื– ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื˜ื ื”ืขื’ืœ.

ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืžื”ื•ืช ื—ื˜ื ื”ืขื’ืœ ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื—ืžื•ืจ ื›ืดื› ืขื•ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืขื“ ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจื• ื›ื“ืื™ ืฉื™ืžื ืข ืชื•ืจื” ืžื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื”ื™ืืš ื‘ืืžืช ื—ื˜ืื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืขื•ื•ืŸ ื–ื”.

ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื—ื˜ื ื”ืขื’ืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื—ื˜ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ื˜ื•ืขื™ื ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื. ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื•ื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืขืžื“ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืžื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืžื“ืจื™ื’ื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื•, ื•ื”ื™ืืš ืžื™ื“ ืื—ืดื› ื ื›ืฉืœื• ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”. ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืคื•ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ืจืžื‘ืดืŸ ื‘ืคืณ ื›ื™ ืชืฉื ื•ื›ืชื‘: ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžืฉื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื, ื•ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ื—ื• ืขืฉื” ืœื”ื ื”ืื•ืชื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื•ืคืชื™ื. ื•ืžื” ื˜ืขื ืฉืืžืจื• ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืœืš ืžืฉื” ื ืขืฉื” ืœื ื• ืืœื•ืงื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื• ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ืŸ ืžืฉื” ืื—ืจ, ืืžืจื• ืžืฉื” ืฉื”ื•ืจื” ืœื ื• ื”ื“ืจืš ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืขื“ ื”ื ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื• ื”ืžืกืขื™ื ืขืคืดื™ ื“ืณ ื‘ื™ื“ ืžืฉื”, ื”ื ื” ืื‘ื“ ืžืžื ื• ื ืขืฉื” ืœื ื• ืžืฉื” ืื—ืจ ืฉื™ื•ืจื” ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืคื ื™ื ื•. ื•ืขืคืดื™ ื“ืณ ื‘ื™ื“ื• โ€” ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื™ื“ืขื• ื•ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ื›ื™ ืžืฉื” ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื™ื— ื“ืณ ื•ืžืงืœ ื‘ื™ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืดืช ืœืฉืœื— ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืฉืœื™ื— ืื—ืจ โ€” ื•ืขื™ื™ืดืฉ ื‘ืจืžื‘ืดืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื›ืŸ ืžื”ืชื ืฆืœื•ืช ืื”ืจืŸ ืœืžืฉื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืžื”ื ื“ื‘ืขืช ืฉื™ืจื“ ืžืฉื” ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืจ ืžื™ื“ ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืืช ื”ืขื’ืœ ื•ื‘ืขื˜ื• ื‘ื• ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ืœืง ืขืœื™ื• ื›ืœืœ. ื•ื–ืืช ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžืฉืจืขืดื” ื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื, ื•ืื ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื’ืœ ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื”ื™ืืš ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืืช ื”ืขื’ืœ. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ืฉื™ื ื™ื— ื”ืื“ื ืžืœื›ื• ืœืฉืจืคื• ื‘ืืฉ, ื•ืขื™ื™ืดืฉ ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘ืดืŸ (ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื‘ ื) ื ืžืฆื ื“ื—ื˜ืืชื ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืขื’ืœ ืœืฉืœื™ื— ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืฉื”.

ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ื‘ืจืžื‘ืดืŸ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื“, ื•ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื”ื ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืฉื ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืืžืจ ืื”ืจืŸ, ื•ืžื”ื ืžืฉื—ื™ืชื™ื ื•ื–ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื ืœืขื’ืœ, ื•ืขืœ ืืœื” ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ืœืžืฉื” ื•ื™ืฉืชื—ื•ื• ืœื• ื•ื™ื–ื‘ื—ื• ืœื• ื•ืขื™ื™ืดืฉ.

ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ืžื‘ื•ืืจื™ื ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืฉืืฃ ืฉืกื‘ืจื• ื›ื™ ื”ืขื’ืœ ืจืง ืฉืœื™ื— ื•ืžืดืž ืดื™ืฉ ืžืฉื—ื™ืชื™ื ื•ื–ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื ืœืขื’ืœืด, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืื“ื ืœื”ื ืฆืœ ื•ืœื ืœื™ืœืš ืื—ืจ ืžืจืื” ืขื™ื ื™ื•, ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ืจืืชื” ืขื’ืœ ื”ืžืงืคืฅ ื•ืจื•ืงื“ ื ืžืฉื›ื• ืื—ืจื™ื• ื•ื–ื‘ื—ื• ืœืขื’ืœ. ื•ืžืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ืฉื ื”ื’ืจืดื (ืคื™ืณ ืœืžืฉืœื™ ื™ื— ื™ื) ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืื“ื ื™ืฆื”ืดืจ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื•ื™ืฆื”ืดืจ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืฉืžื•ืฉืคืข ืžืจืื•ืช ืขื™ื ื™ื•. ื•ืžื™ืฆื””ืจ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื•ื”ืื“ื ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื•ื™ื ืฆื—ื• ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื”, ืืš ืžื™ืฆื”ืดืจ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืœื ื™ืžืœื˜ ืฉืœื ื™ื›ืฉืœ ื‘ื•. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืจืื• ืดืขื’ืœ ื–ื”ื‘ืด ื ื”ื• ืื—ืจื™ื•. ื›ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื ืžืฉืš ืื—ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืžืจ ื•ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืžื ื•ื’ื“ื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื”. ื•ืืฃ ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื“ื ืฉื ืžืฉืš ืื—ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ, ืดื•ืœื ืชืชื•ืจื• ืื—ืจื™ ืœื‘ื‘ื›ื ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืขื™ื ื™ื›ืืด. ืดืขื™ืŸ ืจื•ืื” ื•ืœื‘ ื—ื•ืžื“ ื•ื›ืœื™ ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื’ื•ืžืจื™ืŸืด (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื– ืœื˜ ื‘ืจืฉืดื™), ื•ืขืœ ืืฃ ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื ืžืฉื›ื• ืื—ืจื™ื•, ื•ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื˜ื ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืื—ืจ ืจืื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื›ื“ืื™ ืฉื™ืฉืชื‘ืจื• ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืชื™ืžื ืข ืชื•ืจื” ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืžืœื‘ื“ื•, ื•ื›ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื’ ื“ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ, ืดื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื‘ื“ื• ืขืฉื” ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ื•ื™ืขืฉื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืฉื™ืืด. ืจืง ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ืœื‘ื“ื• ืขื•ืฉื” ื”ื›ืœ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืœื›ื— ื•ืœื—ื•ืžืจ, ื•ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืจืง ืฉืœื™ื— ื‘ื™ื“ ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ื›ื’ืจื–ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื‘. ื•ื–ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืงืฉื” ืœืื“ื ืฉืืฃ ื‘ืจืื•ืชื• ื—ื•ืžืจ ื•ืขื’ืœ ืฉืœื ื™ืชืคืขืœ ื›ืœืœ ื•ืืœ ื™ืขืœื” ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื ื“ื ื•ื“ ืงืœ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืœื—ื•ืžืจ ื™ืฉ ืื™ื–ื” ืžืžืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื—. ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื›ืฉืœ ื‘ื–ื” ื•ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืœื›ื— ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืดื– ื—ื˜ื ื”ืขื’ืœ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื™ืžืกืจ ืœื• ืชื•ืจื”. ื™ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื• ื•ื™ืจืื” ื›ืžื” ืจื—ื•ืงื” ื•ืงืฉื” ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช. ืฉืื“ื ืจื’ื™ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืคืจื ืกื” ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืฉื›ืจ ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืื™ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœ ืฉื›ืจ, ื‘ืขืช ืฉืื“ื ื—ื•ืœื” ื•ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืจื•ืคื ื ืจืคื ืžืžื—ืœืชื•, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืื™ื ื• ืžืชืจืคื ืžื—ืœืชื• ืžืชื’ื‘ืจืช. ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื• ืœื™ื“ืข ื›ื™ ืดืจื•ืคื ื—ื•ืœื™ ืขืžื• ื™ืฉืจืืœืด ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ื”ืžืจืคื ื•ื”ื ื•ืชืŸ ืžื–ื•ืจ ืœืžื—ืœืชื•, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ื“ ื”ืจื•ืคื ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ื— ื•ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืฉืœื™ื— ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ืœืจืคื. ืืš ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื• ื ืจืื” ืœื”ื™ืคืš ืงืฉื” ืžืื“ ืฉืœื ืชืชื’ื ื‘ ืœืœื‘ื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื•ื‘ื™ื“ ื”ืจื•ืคื ื›ื— ืœืจืคื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื ืžืฉืš ืื—ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื•ืžืจืื” ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื. ื•ื›ืœ ืฉืœื ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื›ื—ื•ืžื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืžืžื ื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื•, ื™ื˜ื” ืœื‘ื• ืื—ืจ ื–ืืช ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ืช ื”ืœื‘ ื—ื˜ื ื”ื™ื. ื•ื›ื ืืžืจ ื’ื‘ื™ ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืขืดื” ืดื•ื ืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื˜ื• ืืช ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืด (ืžืœื›ื™ื ื ื™ื) ื›ืœ ื—ื˜ืืชื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื ื˜ื™ื™ืช ื”ืœื‘. ื•ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืžืจืื” ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื™ื‘ื™ืื”ื• ืœื ื˜ื™ื™ืช ื”ืœื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ.

ื•ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ, ืฉื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื™ืชืดืฉ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ืจื ื•ืžื ื”ื™ื’ โ€” ื“ื•ืžื” ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืœื‘ืจื™ืื”. ื•ื›ืฉื ืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืดื”ื•ื ืœื‘ื“ื• ื‘ื•ืจืืด, ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื›ืŸ ืืฃ ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืดื”ื•ื ืœื‘ื“ื• ืžื ื”ื™ื’ืด. ื•ื›ืœ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ืืช ืื™ื ื• ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืฉื’ื—ื”, ื›ื™ ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ื—ื“ ื”ื, ื•ืืฃ ื“ื ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื”, ื•ืฉื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ืžืฉืืดื› ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ืงืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื“ื ื”ื•ืœืš ืื—ืจ ืขื™ื ื™ื•. ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจื™ ืœื ื• ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืดืฉ ื‘ืืจื—ื•ืชื™ื• (ืคืกืงื ื›ื”) ืดื•ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืฉื’ื—ืชื• ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ืš ื”ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืฉืœื ื‘ื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื›ื™ ืขื™ื ื™ื• ืžืฉื•ื˜ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืขื™ื ื™ื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ ืื™ืฉ ื•ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืœื‘ ื•ื—ื•ืงืจ ื›ืœื™ื•ืช, ื›ื™ ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืชื™ืš ืžืืจืฅ ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืืฃ ื‘ืื ื›ื™ ื“ืณ ืืœื•ืงื™ืš ืื™ื ื• ืžืืžื™ืŸ. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืฉืœืืด, ื•ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืฉื›ืœ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ื— ืื—ืจ ืžืœื‘ื“ื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื•ืขื™ื ื™ื• ืžืฉื•ื˜ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ,ื•ื›ื ืืžืจ ืดืœืš ื“’ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื”ืžืžืœื›ื” ื•ื”ืžืชื ืฉื ืœื›ืœ ืœืจืืฉืด, ืดื›ื™ ืœื ืขืœ ื”ืœื—ื ืœื‘ื“ื• ื™ื—ื™ื” ื”ืื“ื ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžื•ืฆื ืคื™ ื“ืณ ื™ื—ื™ื” ื”ืื“ืืด, ืื™ื ื• ื ืงืจื ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืฉืœื.

ื•ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื™ืดืœ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืืดืฉ ื–ืดืœ, ืดื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืฉืœืืด, ืดืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ ืื™ืฉ ื•ืขืฆืช ื“ืณ ื”ื™ื ืชืงื•ืืด – ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื•ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืื—ืช ื•ื”ื›ืœ ืœืชื›ืœื™ืช ืื—ืช, ื•ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื•ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืืœื• ื”ื ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื•’ ืืœืคื™ื ืฉื ื”, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื ืจืง ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื–ืืช. ื•ืœื• ืชื”ื ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื™ื—ื•ื“. ื•ื–ื• ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืฉืœื – ย ืดื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืื—ืชืด, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื“ืณ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืดื•ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืด ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืื—ืช. ื ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื ื ื‘ืืจื—ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื” ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ืื ื• ืžื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืฉืœื. ื›ื™ ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ืื ื• ืื—ืจ ืดืขื’ืœ ื”ื–ื”ื‘ืด, ื›ืจื•ื›ื™ื ืื ื• ืื—ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช, ื›ืŸ ื›ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื”ื ื ื• ืื—ืจ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืจืขื•ืช ื•ื›ืดื– ื”ื™ืคื•ืš ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืฉื’ื—ื”.

ืดืื ื™ ื“ืณ ืืœื•ืงื™ื›ื ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ืฆืืชื™ ืืชื›ื ืžืืจืฅ ืžืฆืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ื ืœืืœื•ืงื™ืืด (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•), ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ืจืื ื• ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ื›ื™ ื“ืณ ื”ื•ื ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“. ื•ืืฃ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ื•ื”ืฉืจืคื™ื ืื™ื ื ืืœื ืฉืœื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืงื‘ืดื”. ื•ืื™ืชื ื‘ื—ื–ืดืœ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื” ื‘ ื™ื˜) ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืืžืจื™ ื™ืชืจื• ื ืชืŸ ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ืขืชื” ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื“ืณ ืžื›ืœ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื โ€” ืžื”ื ื“ืืžืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื›ืœ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื ืžืฉืžืข ื“ืืฃ ืืœื•ืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื™ืฉ. ื•ื‘ื™ืืจ ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืกื‘ื ื–ืดืœ ืœืคื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื ื–ื›ืจ, ื™ืชืจื• ืขืœ ืืฃ ื’ื“ื•ืœืชื• ืฉื™ืชืจ ืคืจืฉื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืžืœื‘ื“ื• ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืื™ื ื• ืจืง ื›ื’ืจื–ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื‘. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื—ืกืจื” ืœื™ืชืจื• ื”ื”ื›ืจื” ื•ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื”, ืืœื ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืœืœ ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื–ื• ืฉืจืื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืชืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœื™ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืžืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ื”ืดื–, ื•ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœื™ื• ืœื›ืŸ ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื• ื™ืชืจื• ื ืชืŸ ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”. ืžืฉื” ืืžืจ ืดืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืžืœื‘ื“ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื—ืœืœื ื“ืขืœืžืืด. ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื”ื”ื›ืจื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช, ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืžืœื‘ื“ื•. ืดื›ื™ ืื ื™ ื“ืณ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืœื‘ ื•ื—ื•ืงืจ ื›ืœื™ื•ืช (ื™ืจืžื™ื” ื™ื–) – ืื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืฉื”ืงื‘ืดื” ื‘ื›ื—ื• ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืœื‘ ื•ื”ื›ืœื™ื•ืช, ืืœื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืœื‘ ื•ื”ื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืืœื ื”ืœื‘ ื•ื”ื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘ืดื”, ื•ื›ื ืืžืจ ืฉื”ืงื‘ืดื” ืžืงื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื. ื•ืขื™ืณ ื‘ื ืคืฉ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื (ืจื™ืฉ ืฉืขืจ ื’) ืžื” ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ื‘ืืจื•ื›ื” ื’ื“ืจ ืžืงื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื.

ื•ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืคื•ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืคืณ ื•ืืชื—ื ืŸ, ืฉื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืดืคืŸ ืชืื›ืœ ื•ืฉื‘ืขืช ื•ื‘ืชื™ื ืชื‘ื ื” ื•ื™ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืจื ืœื‘ื‘ืš ื•ืฉื›ื—ืช ืืช ื“ืณ ืืœื•ืงื™ืš ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ืืš ืžืžืฆืจื™ื, ื•ืืžืจืช ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ืš ื›ื•ื—ื™ ื•ืขื•ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ืขืฉื” ืœื™ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืœ ื”ื–ื”ืด (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื— ื™ื–), ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืชื‘ื ื” ื‘ืชื™ื ื•ืชืื›ืœ ื•ืชืฉื‘ืข ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืžื™ืœื ืชืืžืจ ื›ื•ื—ื™ ื•ืขื•ืฆื ื™ื“ื™. ื•ื”ืกื‘ื ืžืงืขืœื ื–ืดืœ ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืœื ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืคืŸ ืชืืžืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ืš ืืœื ื•ืืžืจืช ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ืš, ื›ื™ ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืชืืžืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ืš ื›ื™ ื›ื— ื˜ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืื“ื ืฉื‘ืขืช ืฉืชืจืื” ื‘ืชื™ื ื•ื™ืฉื‘ืช ืชืืžืจ ื›ื•ื—ื™ ื•ืขื•ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืœ ื”ื–ื”. ื•ื”ืขืฆื” ืœื–ื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ืชื™ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืฉื ืจืื• ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืฉ ืฉืจืง ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื•ืชืŸ ื›ื— ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื—ื™ืœ, ื•ื›ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื ืืชื” ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื•ืงื•ืžื™ ื‘ื ืช ืœืจืขื™ ืžืจื—ื•ืง, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืžืœื” ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื™ ื”ืŸ ืืชื” ื™ื“ืขืช ื›ื•ืœื” (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงืœื˜). ื•ื–ื• ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืชืคืœื”, ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืงื‘ืดื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื• ื›ื— ื•ืจืง ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื•ืชืŸ ื•ืขื™ืดื– ื™ืฉืจื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืจื‘ื• ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื”ืฉื’ื—ื”.

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Harav Hagaon Yaakov Moshe Katz Shlita

Itโ€™s Taking, Not Giving

Parashas Ki Sisa

Harav Hagaon Yaakov Moshe Katz Shlita

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At the end of the parashah the Torah says that when Moshe Rabbeinu came down from Har Sinai his face shone: ืงึธืจึทืŸ ืขื•ึนืจ ืคึผึธื ึธื™ื•. The Midrash at the beginning of Parashas Terumah observes that the passuk says ื•ึฐื™ึดืงึฐื—ื•ึผ ืœึดื™ ืชึผึฐืจื•ึผืžึธื”, Klal Yisrael should take a donation for Hashem, rather than ื•ึฐื™ึดืชึผึฐื ื•ึผ ืœึดื™ ืชึผึฐืจื•ึผืžึธื”, they should give a donation. โ€œThey should takeโ€ implies that when they were giving the terumah, they were taking something back for themselves. When a person gives to the Mishkan โ€“ which was a place for the aron, which held the Torahโ€“ what heโ€™s really doing is taking Torah for himself. Therefore, even though it looked as though the Yidden were giving to the Mishkan, what they were really doing was taking Torah.

 

What do you gain if you take Torah? When Moshe Rabbeinu descended from Har Sinai, a special light radiated from his face.

 

At Har Sinai, Klal Yisrael saw the mountain enveloped in smoke, they miraculously saw lightning and thunder, and they saw how special the Torah is. Yet a person might think, โ€œYes, the Torah is special, but what does it have to do with me?โ€ The answer became apparent when a person looked at Moshe Rabbeinuโ€™s shining face after he came down from Har Sinai. That special sign showed how Torah affects every individual and brings out his beauty, and helped each person understand what a connection to Torah could do for him.

 

Thatโ€™s the idea of ื•ึฐื™ึดืงึฐื—ื•ึผ ืœึดื™. Any time we give our time, our kochos, or our money to the Torah, weโ€™re not just giving; weโ€™re taking. Weโ€™re enhancing our lives and lifting ourselves up, and thatโ€™s going to give us meor panim. Sometimes itโ€™s hard to make time to learn. Sometimes weโ€™re very tired, and even so we get up early to learn, or we come to the beis midrash late after working the whole day; each person according to what he can give to the Torah. The way he should look at it is that heโ€™s not just giving, heโ€™s taking.

 

Why did Moshe Rabbeinu merit meor panim? The Midrash says it was because he wrote the word Vayikra with a small alef instead of a regular alef, and the meor panim came from that little bit of extra ink . We might have thought that in order to merit having the radiance of Torah shine from your face you have to know as much as Rav Chaim Kanievsky or Rav Asher Arieli. But we see from this Midrash that if a person knows even a tiny amount of Torah โ€“ as represented by the little bit of ink from the alef of Vayikra โ€“ he can merit that shine.

 

Every word of the Torah that we learn, that we take into our hearts and try to apply in our day-to-day lives, has a tremendous impact on us and causes us to shine.

 

Some time ago, I asked a number of yungeleit whether they had a learning seder, and some of them answered yes and some answered no. In many cases, I could tell even before they answered me which were still connected to learning and which were not. You could hear from the way they spoke, the way they behaved, even the way they looked at you, whether they were connected to learning โ€“ or not. Learning Torah makes such a deep impression on a person, and even though it doesnโ€™t always seem that way, it really does have an impact.

 

Glory Lost

An aron hakodesh usually has a crown on it, and the paroches often has a representation of the Aseres Hadibros. There are 620 letters in the Aseres Hadibros, the gematria of the word keser. This teaches that every word of Torah, represented by the Aseres Hadibros, brings a keser to a person โ€“ even if itโ€™s the most basic and simple idea. The keser on the aron hakodesh is a sign that indicates that not only is there a keser on the Torah, but whoever learns Torah will merit that keser.

 

In contrast, in this weekโ€™s parashah, after Klal Yisrael did the cheit haโ€™eigel, they removed their crowns. When a person goes away from Torah, heโ€™s in danger of losing his crown.

 

The Vilna Gaon notes that today, although we no longer have a yetzer hara for avodah zarah, or for the eigel hazahav, we do have a yetzer hara for zahav. Some people worship money, investing inordinate effort into their work and turning their parnassah into the central focus of their lives, to the extent that they are pulled away from Torah and lose their connection with the Torah and Hakadosh Baruch Hu.

 

So while the nisayon of the eigel doesnโ€™t exist today, the nisayon of zahav certainly does. That nisayon caused Bnei Yisrael at Har Sinai to lose their keser Torah, as the passuk says: ื•ึทื™ึผึดืชึฐื ึทืฆึผึฐืœื•ึผ ื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืึถืช ืขึถื“ึฐื™ึธื. Today as well, the more involved we become in this world and the farther away we drift from the Torah, the more we lose our keser โ€“ the glory of a person.

 

Restoring Our Crowns

This is the contrast we see in the parashah: Klal Yisrael doing the cheit haโ€™eigel and losing their crowns, and Moshe Rabbeinu, who did not sin with the eigel, and retained his keser Torah.

 

Shevet Levi, who also did not sin with the eigel, merited the bigdei kehunah, which shows how special they were. They remained consistently loyal to Hashem, not sinning during the incident of the meraglim, and continuing to perform bris milah even in the Midbar.

 

Sometimes we learn and we donโ€™t notice a difference in ourselves, but in the long run it does make an impression. In this sense, the bigdei kehunah allude to what will happen in Olam Haba, when, as the sefarim hakedoshim teach based on the Zohar, a garment will be woven for each of us out of the mitzvos we have done and the Torah we have learned. Hashem will weave a garment for each personโ€™s neshamah, and thatโ€™s what we are going to โ€œwearโ€ in Olam Haba.

 

It may not look this way now, but there are people who are creating for themselves beautiful garments from the Torah they are learning and from the mitzvos they are doing, particularly during times of nisyonos. These people will walk around leโ€™asid lavo with these beautiful garments and a keser Torah, and everyone will see how special they are for all eternity.

 

The contrast that we see in this parashah teaches us to guard over the Torah, over limud Torah and kevias sedarim. Whatever we do to guard the ways of the Torah is what keeps us special and makes us shine brightly, bringing out the beauty of each individual.

 

The Shelah Hakadosh says that the radiance of Moshe Rabbeinuโ€™s face came from the light of his neshamah. Usually, a personโ€™s guf hides the light of his neshamah, but on certain people the light of the neshamah breaks through. When the light of the neshamah breaks through, itโ€™s so beautiful. Sometimes you see the smile of a person, a simple Yid, but his smile lights him up, and you see the neshamah coming through, the goodness of the person shining through. Sometimes you see an adam gadol, a talmid chacham, who has hadras panim. What is hadras panim? Itโ€™s the beauty of the neshamah coming out.

 

Every Yid is a heiligeh neshamah, and what helps bring out this beauty โ€“ what brings the keser to every person โ€“ is his connection to Torah, to limud Torah and derech hatorah.

 

When we go to shul to daven and we see the keser on the aron hakodesh, we should take it as a personal message for every one of us, to remind us how Torah can impact our lives and bring out our personal beauty. Our shared tefillah, then, is that we should use the hisorerus of these coming weeks to keep going strong in Torah and avodas Hashem, and every one of us should merit that his beauty should emerge and he should have his keser to some extent in this world.

 

The tikkun for the cheit haโ€™eigel is ื•ึฐื™ึดืงึฐื—ื•ึผ ืœึดื™ โ€“ to take Hashem and the Torah into our lives, as represented by the donations to the Mishkan. So the more we give to Hashem the more we are rectifying the cheit haโ€™eigel, in which Klal Yisrael gave to the eigel hazahav instead of giving to Hashem. The more we take Hashem into our lives, the more we will merit that Hashem will come to us, both on a personal level and to all of Klal Yisrael together.

 

It says that when Moshiach comes, Hakadosh Baruch Hu will give back the crowns that we lost after the cheit haโ€™eigel. May we be zocheh to see this happen speedily, in our times.

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