KedoshimVayikra

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•

Finkel, Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Nosson Tzvi ztโ€l

 

 

ื•ืื”ื‘ืช ืœืจืขืš ื›ืžื•ืš (ื™ื˜, ื™ื—)

ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘”ืŸ: “ื”ืคืœื’ื”, ื›ื™ ืœื ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืœื‘ ื”ืื“ื ืฉื™ืื”ื•ื‘ ืืช ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื›ืื”ื‘ืชื• ืืช ื ืคืฉื•, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ื•ืœื™ืžื“ (ื‘”ืž ืกื‘.) ื—ื™ื™ืš ืงื•ื“ืžื™ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื™ ื—ื‘ื™ืจืš”. ื˜ื‘ืขื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื ื”ื•ื ืœื ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ืืช ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ืœื™ืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ื—ื™ื™ืš ืงื•ื“ืžื™ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื™ ื—ื‘ื™ืจืš, ื•ื”ืœื ื–ื”ื• ื˜ื‘ืขื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ื•ืžื” ื‘ื ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ืœืœืžื“ื ื•. ืืœื ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ืื”ื‘ ืืช ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ืŸ, ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืื”ื‘ ืืช ื ืคืฉื•, ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• – ื›ืžื•ืš, ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ืื”ื‘ืช ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื‘ื“ืขืชื•. ื•ืขืœ ื–ื” ื—ื™ื“ืฉ ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื, ื“ืืค”ื” ื—ื™ื™ืš ืงื•ื“ืžื™ืŸ.

ืื•ืžืจ ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชืŸ ืฆื‘ื™ ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื”: ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื (ื ื“ืจื™ื ืกื“:) ืฉืืจื‘ืขื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื›ืžืช, ืขื ื™, ืžืฆื•ืจืข, ืกื•ืžื ื•ืžื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื‘ื ื™ื. ืžื“ื•ืข ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืืœื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืžืช?

ื”ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ื”ื•ื ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจืื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื–ื•ืœืช, ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง (ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘,ื™ื) “ื•ื™ื’ื“ืœ ืžืฉื” ื•ื™ืฆื ืืœ ืื—ื™ื• ื•ื™ืจื ื‘ืกื‘ืœื•ืชื”, ืžื” ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืจื ื‘ืกื‘ืœื•ืชื, ื›ืชื‘ ืจืฉ”ื™ “ื ืชืŸ ืขื™ื ื™ื• ื•ืœื‘ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ืฆืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื”. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจืื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืื“ื ื—ืฉ ื‘ืฆืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื•ืœืช, ื•ืื– ื”ื•ื ืžื™ืฆืจ ืขืžื•. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ืชื™ื ืช ืขื™ื ื™ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœ ืœื‘ื•, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื” ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื.

ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื‘ื ื™ื, ื”ืจื™ ื›ืœ ืชืขื ื•ื’ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ืชื•, ืœืžื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืžืช? ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื™ืกื•ื“ ื ืคืœื, ื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœืชืช ืœื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืœื•, ื•ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื‘ื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืช, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืช ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืžืช.

ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืจื›ื™ืŸ (ื˜ื•:) ืฉืฆืจืขืช ื‘ืื” ืขืœ ืขื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืœื””ืจ. ื–ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ืžื™ื“ื”, ืžื™ ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืœื””ืจ ืขืœ ืื—ืจ ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ืจ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ืžื ืข ืžืžื ื• ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื.

ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืชื‘ ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื””ืœ, ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืžื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื ื•ืจื, ืžื“ื•ืข ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืฉืžื™ืจื”. ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืžืจื—ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืžื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืžืช.

ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื–ื” ื”ืคืฉื˜ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘”ืŸ, ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื“ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืจืง ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ืื’ื•ืื™ืกื˜. ื•ืื”ื‘ืช ืœืจืขืš ื›ืžื•ืš ื–ื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืฆื•ื” ืฉืœ ื•ืื”ื‘ืช ืœืจืขืš ื›ืžื•ืš.

ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ื ืืœืฃ-ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื”. ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ื“ื‘ืจ ื’ืฉืžื™ ืืœื ื“ื‘ืจ ืจื•ื—ื ื™, ืื™ืš ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืข”ื™ ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื•. ืžื” ื ื•ื’ืข ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืœืชื•ืจื”? ืื“ื ื˜ื•ืขื” ื•ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืชื•ืจื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื›ืš. ื›ืชื‘ ืจืฉ”ื™ (ื‘”ื‘ ื™ื‘) ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื–ื” ืขืœื” ื‘ืœื‘ื• – “ืกื‘ืจืช ื”ืœื‘”, ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืœื‘ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™ ื•ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืชืช ืœืฉื ื™ ื•ืœื ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™ – ื–ื” ืื“ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจื”.

ื ืขืจืš ืข”ืค ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื• ื”ืจื‘ ื.ื™. ื’ื•ืœื“ืžื™ื ืฅ ืฉืœื™ื˜”ื

ืชื•ื“ืชื ื• ืœื• ืขืœ ืฉื–ื™ื›ื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืžืื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืžืจืŸ ื–ืฆ”ืœ

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื

Finkel, Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Nosson Tzvi ztโ€l

ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ‘ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”’
ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชืŸ ืฆื‘ื™ ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื” ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ื›ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉื”. ื›ืš ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ื’ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”.

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืชืžื ื” ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจ ืžื”ื›ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ื•, ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ืžืงื™ืจื•ืชื™ื•. ืžืจืŸ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ื—ืฉืฉ ืžื›ืš ืžืื•ื“, ื”ืจื™ ื–ื”ื• ื›ื•ืชืœ ืฉืกืคื’ ืืœ ืชื•ื›ื• ืขืžืœ ืจื‘ ืฉืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืจื‘ืฆืช ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืจืืฉื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ ื•ืฉืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ื. ื”ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืกืชื•ืจ ื›ื•ืชืœ ื›ื–ื”?

ืขื ืกืคืงื•ืชื™ื• ืืœื• ืขืœื” ืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™ ืœืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืš ื–ืฆ”ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื–ื•. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืฉื˜ื— ืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™ ืืช ืกืคืงื•ืชื™ื•, ืคืกืง ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืš ื–ืฆ”ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืกืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืœ.

ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื” ืกื‘ืœื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžื”ืจืขืฉ ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืžืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ. ืื—ื“ ืžืื ืฉื™ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ืฆื™ืข ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ืžื ื™ ืืช ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืœืื•ืœื ืžืจื•ื•ื— ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ‘ืžืœื•ืŸ ืชืžื™ืจ’ ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื” ื•ืขืžื“ ืœื”ืฉื›ืจื”.

ืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™ ืกื™ืจื‘ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ื‘ืื•ืžืจื•: “ืื ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ, ืืžื ื ืชืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืžื™ืจ ืœืฉื, ืืš ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืžื™ืจ ‘ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”’ ืœื ืชืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืฉื. ื”ืจื™ ื›ื•ืชืœื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ืชืงื“ืฉื• ื‘ืงื•ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื ื‘ืœืข ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืช ืงื™ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ืœื›ืŸ ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ื”ื ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื™ื.”

ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื–ื• ืขื ื” ืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืกืคืจ ืคืขืžื™ื ื”ืฆื™ืขื• ืœื• ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืœืฉื˜ื— ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืื—ืจ, ืฉื ื™ื‘ื ื• ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื›ืš ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื ืง ืฉื™ืขื ื” ืขืœ ืฆืจื›ื™ื” ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”.

ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืœื›ื”

Shpitzer, Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shlita

ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื

ืœื ืชืฉื ื ืืช ืื—ื™ืš

ืข’ ืคืกื—ื™ื ืงื™”ื’ ืข”ื‘ ื”ืจื•ืื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืจื•ื” ื‘ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื•ื›ื•’ ืืžืจ ืจ’ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ืจ ืจ’ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื ืื•ืชื• ืฉื ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ืชืจืื” ื—ืžื•ืจ ืฉื•ื ืืš ืจื•ื‘ืฅ ืชื—ืช ืžืฉืื• ืžืื™ ืฉื•ื ื ื•ื›ื•’ ื•ืžื™ ืฉืจื™ื ืœืžืกื ื™ื” ื•ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืœื ืชืฉื ื ืืช ืื—ื™ืš ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ืš, ืืœื ื“ืื™ื›ื ืกื”ื“ื™ ื“ืขื‘ื™ื“ ืื™ืกื•ืจื, ื›ื•ืœื™ ืขืœืžื ื ืžื™ ืžื™ืกื ื™ ืกื ื™ ืœื™ื” ืžืื™ ืฉื ื ื”ืื™ ืืœื ืœืื• ื›ื™ ื”ืื™ ื’ื•ื•ื ื ื“ื—ื–ื™ื ื‘ื™ื” ืื™ื”ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืจื•ื”.

ื•ื‘ืชื•ืก’ ื“”ื” ืฉืจืื” ื‘ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืจื•ื” ื•ื–”ืœ ื•ื”ืช ื“ื‘ืืœื• ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœืคืจื•ืง ื•ืฉื•ื ื ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ืฉื•ื ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ื•ืฃ ืืช ื™ืฆืจื• ื•ื”ืฉืชืย  ืžื” ื›ืคื™ื™ืช ื™ืฆืจ ืฉื™ื™ืš ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืฉื ืื•ืชื•. ื•ื™”ืœ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื ืื• ื’ื ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืฉื•ื ื ืื•ืชื• ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื›ืžื™ื ื”ืคื ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื ื›ืŸ ืœื‘ ื”ืื“ื ืœืื“ื ื•ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืœื™ื“ื™ ืฉื ืื” ื’ืžื•ืจื” ื•ืฉื™ื™ืš ื›ืคื™ื™ืช ื™ืฆืจ ืขื›”ืœ.

ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ืกื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืก’ ื“ืœื ื ืชืžืขื˜ ืžืฉื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืขืฉื” ืขืžืš ืฉื”ืจื™ ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืชื•ืก’ ื“ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื›ื•ืฃ ืืช ื™ืฆืจื• ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉื•ื ื ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” (ื•ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืชื•ืก’ ืžื•ื‘ื ื’ื ื‘ืžื’”ื ืงื ”ื• ื‘’ ืข”ืฉ). ื•ื‘ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ื‘ืกื™’ ืงื ”ื• ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืก’ ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉื•ื ื ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืœื›ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืž”ืž ื™ืฉืืจ ืฉื ืื” ื‘ืœื‘ื• ื•ืฉื ืื” ื–ื• ืืกื•ืจื” ื•ืขืœ ืฉื ืื” ื–ื” ืืžืจื• ืœื›ื•ืฃ ืืช ื™ืฆืจื•. ื•ื ืจืื” ื“ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืžื” ืฉื”ืงืฉื™ื ื• ืืžืื™ ืœื ืกื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืก’ ื“ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื ื•ื ืื•ืชื• ืžืฉื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืขืฉื” ืขืžืš. ืืš ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืก’ ืœื ืžืฉืžืข ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•.

ื•ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืขื•ื“ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืชื•ืก’ ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื’ืจื™”ืค ืขืœ ืจืก”ื’ (ื—”ื ื“ืฃ ืงืž”ื‘ ืข”ื) ื“ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื•ืชืจื” ืœืฉื ื•ื ืืช ื”ืจืฉืข ืžื“ืจืฉื” ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืฉืข ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืœืื•, ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ืงืฉื” ื‘ืง”ืฉ ื“ืื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืœืื• ื”ื› ื™ื”ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื ืื•ืชื• ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื›ื•ืฃ ืืช ื™ืฆืจื• ืชื™’ ื”ื’ืจื™”ืค ื“ืกื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืก’ ื“ื”ื ื“ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขื–ื•ื‘ ืชืขื–ื•ื‘ ืขืžื• ืืฃ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืขืฉื” ืขืžืš ื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืฆืย  ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ ืœืœืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื›ื•ืœื• ื“ืœื ื”ื•ืชืจย  ืœืฉื ื•ื ืื•ืชื• ืืœื ื‘ืœื‘ ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื”ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื ื•ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื›ืœืœ ืื• ืœืฉื ื•ื ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื”. ื•ื ืžืฆื ื“ืœื ื–ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉืืžืจื” ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื• ืืœื ื“ื’ื ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืฉื ืื” ืื ืœื ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื• ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืš ื‘ื• ืœื›ื•ืฃ ืืช ื™ืฆืจื•.

ื•ืข’ ืจืž”ื ื•ืฉ”ืš ื•ื’ืจ”ื ื‘ื—ื•”ืž ืกื™’ ืจืข”ื‘ ื™’, ื•ืข”ืฉ ื‘ืจืž”ื ื“ืœื ืคืกืง ื›ืชื•ืก’ ื”ื ”ืœ, ื•ืข’ ืื”ื‘ืช ื—ืกื“ ืค”ื“ ืกืง”ื‘.

ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ื—ื™’ ื—”ืก ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื ”ื” ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉื ืจ’ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ื™ืจืžื™ื– ืจืื‘”ื“ ื“ืคืจื ืงืคื•ืจื˜ ื•ืจื‘ ื‘ื”ื›”ื  ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื”ืชืžื™ื”ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืืžืช ืœืžื” ืฉืชืงื• ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ืœื ืžื™ื—ื• ืขืœ ื‘ื•ืฉืช ื‘ืจ ืงืžืฆื, ื•ืชื™’ ืฉื”ื ื“ื ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื””ื‘ ืœื›ืฃ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉืจืื” ื‘ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืจื•ื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื ื ืื•ืชื• ื›ื“ื™ืŸ. ื•ืืžืจ ืขื•ื“ ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื”ืกืชื™ืจื” ื“ืจ’ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืืžืจ ืœื ื—ืจื‘ ื‘ื”ืž”ืง ืืœื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื ืืช ื—ื ื ื•ืขื•ื“ ืืžืจ ืจ’ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืœื ื—ืจื‘ ื‘ื”ืž”ืง ืืœื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืขืžื™ื“ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืขืœ ื“ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืืžืจ ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื“ื”ื ื“ืืžืจ ืจ’ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื ืืช ื—ื ื ืงืื™ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ื ืœื‘ืจ ืงืžืฆื, ื•ื”ื ื“ืืžืจ ืจ’ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืขืžื™ื“ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืขืœ ื“ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืงืื™ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืœื ืžื™ื—ื• ื‘ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื›ื™ ืืฃ ื“ื“ื ื• ืœื›ืฃ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉืจืื” ื‘ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืž”ืž ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืชื•ืก’ ื“ืืกื•ืจ ืœืฉื ื•ื ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื”, ื•ืืžืจ ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื ”ืœ ื“ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืืœื ืœืคื ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉืืžืจ ืฉื”ืขืžื™ื“ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืขืœ ื“ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ืžื™ื—ื• ื‘ื• ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืžืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœืฉื ื•ื ืื•ืชื•.

(ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื• ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœืคืจื•ืง ื•ืฉื•ื ื ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ืฉื•ื ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ื•ืฃ ืืช ื™ืฆืจื• ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืœืคื ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื™ื–ื” ืฉื™ืจืฆื”. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืืžืื™ ืก”ืœ ื“ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื‘, ืื™ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืฉื•ื ื ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื• ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื’ื ืฉื ืื” ื–ื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ).

ื™ืžื™ ื”ืกืคื™ืจื”

Finkel, Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Aryeh ztโ€l

ืดื•ืกืคืจืชื ืœื›ื ืžืžื—ืจืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืžื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืื›ื ืืช ืขื•ืžืจ ื”ืชื ื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ืชืžื™ืžื•ืช ืชื”ื™ื™ื ื”” (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื’,ื˜ื•) ื•ืขื ื™ืŸ ืกืคื™ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืžืจ ืœื ื ืชืคืจืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื˜ืขื ืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื•, ื•ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืดืง ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ื›ืžื” ืดื›ื™ ืœืฆื“ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื˜ื•ืžืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืจืฆื” ื“ืณ ืœื”ื–ื“ื•ื•ื’ ืœืื•ืžื” ื–ื•, ื“ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ื›ืžืฉืคื˜ ื ื“ื” ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืกืคื•ืจ ื–ืณ ื ืงื™ื™ื, ื•ืฆื™ื•ื” ืฉื™ืกืคืจื• ืฉื‘ืขื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ื•ืื– ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื›ืฉืจื™ื ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืกื ื›ื›ืœื” ืœื—ื•ืคื”, ื•ื”ื’ื ื›ื™ ืฉื ืฉื‘ืข ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื›ืืŸ ืฉื‘ืขื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืœืฆื“ ื”ืคืœื’ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื”, ื•ื’ื ื”ื™ื•ืชื ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื™ืขืจ ื”ืชืžื™ื ื“ืขื™ื ื›ื™ ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืคื˜ื ื•ื›ื•’. ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืืžืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ืืŸ ื•ืกืคืจืชื ืœื›ื, ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืกื™ื‘ืช ืกืคื™ืจื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืœืกื™ื‘ืชื›ื ืœื˜ื”ืจืชื›ื, ืฉื–ื•ืœืช ื–ื” ืชื™ื›ืฃ ื”ื™ื” ื“ืณ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ื”ืชื•ืจื”.”

ื ืžืฆืื ื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืดืง ืฉืกืคื™ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืžืจ ื”ื™ื ืกืคื™ืจืช ืฉื‘ืขื” ื ืงื™ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉื”ืงื‘ืดื” ื ื–ื“ื•ื•ื’ ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ื“ืื™ืชื ื‘ืชืขื ื™ืช ืกื•ืฃ ืค”ื“ ืดื‘ื™ื•ื ื—ืชื•ื ืชื• ื–ื” ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื””. ื•ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืงื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ืžืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ื•ืฆืจื›ื• ืœื˜ื”ืจืชื ืกืคื™ืจืช ืฉื‘ืขื” ื ืงื™ื™ื ื›ืกืคื™ืจืช ื ื“ื” ืœื‘ืขืœื”. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืืจ ืžื”ื™ ื’ื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ืžืืช ื”ื ืคืฉื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืžื” ื ื˜ืžืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ?

ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘ืดื (ืกื•ืฃ ืžืงื•ื•ืื•ืช) ืฉืขื ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ืžืื•ืช ื•ื˜ื”ืจื•ืช ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื”ืŸ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื•ืช ื’ื–ื™ื”ืดื› ื”ื™ื ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืœื‘, ืืš ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘ืดื “ื•ืืขืคืดื› ืจืžื– ื™ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ืžื›ื•ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื• ืœื˜ื”ืจ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื‘ืœ ื˜ื”ื•ืจ, ื•ืืขืดืค ืฉืœื ื ืชื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื’ื•ืคื• ื“ื‘ืจ, ื›ืš ื”ืžื›ื•ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื• ืœื˜ื”ืจ ื ืคืฉื• ืžื˜ื•ืžืืช ื”ื ืคืฉื•ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืŸ ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืจืขื•ืช, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืกื›ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื• ืœืคืจื•ืฉ ืžืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืขืฆื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื ืคืฉื• ื‘ืžื™ ื”ื“ืขืช ื˜ื™ื”ื•ืจ, [ื•ืžื™ ื”ื“ืขืช ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœืชื•ืจื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ืืœื ืชื•ืจื”], ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ื•ื–ืจืงืชื™ ืขืœื™ื›ื ืžื™ื ื˜ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื˜ื”ืจืชื ืžื›ืœ ื˜ื•ืžืื•ืชื™ื›ื ื•ืžื›ืœ ื’ืœื•ืœื™ื›ื ืื˜ื”ืจ ืืชื›ื”.

ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืจืขื•ืช ืงืจื ื”ืจืžื‘ืดื ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื“ืขื•ืช ืœืžื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืขื•ืช, ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื›ืณ ื”ืจืžื‘ืดื (ื–,ื’) “ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ืคืฉ ื‘ื“ืขื•ืช ืจืขื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื•ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืขืก ื•ืžืŸ ื”ืื™ื‘ื” ื•ืžืŸ ื”ืงื ืื” ื•ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืชื•ืœ ื•ืžืจื“ื™ืคืช ื”ืžืžื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืžืจื“ื™ืคืช ื”ืžืื›ืœื•ืช ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื”ืŸืด, ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ื˜ื•ืžืืช ื”ื ืคืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืจืขื•ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืขื•ืช ืฉืžื˜ืžืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ.

ืืš ืฆ”ื‘, ื“ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื“ืขื•ืช ื•ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื, ื›ื™ ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื›ืœ ื•ื”ืžื“ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื‘ืœื‘, ื•ืœืžื” ืงืจื ื”ืจืดืž ืœืžื“ื•ืช ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื“ืขื•ืช? ื•ื›ืŸ ืฆืดื‘ ืžื“ื•ืข ืžื“ื•ืช ืจืขื•ืช ื ืงืจืื•ืช ื˜ื•ืžืืช ื”ื ืคืฉื•ืช?

ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื“ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข ืขืฆืžื• ื ืงืจื ื˜ืžื, ื›ื“ืื™ืชื ื‘ื’ืž’ (ืกื•ื›ื” ื ื‘.) ืดื“ืจืฉ ืจืณ ืขื•ื™ืจื ื•ืื™ืชื™ืžื ืจื™ื‘ืดืœ ืฉื‘ืขื” ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืœื™ืฆื”ืดืจ ื•ื›ื•’, ื“ื•ื“ ืงืจืื• ื˜ืžื ืฉื ืืณ ‘ืœื‘ ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ื‘ืจื ืœื™ ืืœืงื™ื’, ืžื›ืœืœ ื“ืื™ื›ื ื˜ืžื”, ืžื“ื™ืฆืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื ืงืจื ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ื™ืฆื”ืดืจ ื ืงืจื ื˜ืžื. ื•ืงืจืื• ืดืœื‘ ื˜ื”ื•ืจืด ื›ื™ ืžืงื•ื ืžืฉื›ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฆืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืœื‘ ื›ืžืฉื””ื› (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื—,ื›ื) “ื›ื™ ื™ืฆืจ ืœื‘ ื”ืื“ื ืจืข ืžื ืขื•ืจื™ื•”.

ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืงืจื ื“ื•ื“ ืœื™ืฆื”ืดืจ ื˜ืžื ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉื•ื—ืดื˜ ื‘ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื ื,ื“) “ื”ืจื‘ ื›ื‘ืกื ื™ ืžืขื•ื ื™ ื•ืžื—ื˜ืืชื™ ื˜ื”ืจื ื™- ืžื›ืืŸ ืืชื” ืœืžื“ ืฉื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื ื˜ืžื ื‘ื ืคืฉ ืžืชืด. ื•ื‘ืจื“ืดืง ืคื™ืจืฉ: “ื›ื‘ืกื ื™ ืžืขื•ื ื™- ื›ื™ ื”ืขื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ืคืฉ ื›ืžื• ื”ื›ืชื ื‘ื‘ื’ื“, ื•ืžื—ื˜ืืชื™ ื˜ื”ืจื ื™- ืฉื ื˜ืžืื” ื”ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืขื•ื•ืŸ”. ืœื›ืš ืงืจื ื”ืจืžื‘ืดื

ืœืžื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืขื•ืช ืดื˜ื•ืžืืช ื”ื ืคืฉื•ืชืด, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื’ื•ืจื ืœืขื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื“ื” ื”ืจืขื”, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื ืงืจืืช ื”ืžื“ื” ื”ืจืขื” ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื—ื˜ื, ื•ื”ื—ื•ื˜ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ื ื˜ืžื ื‘ื˜ืžื ืžืช.

ืืฃ ืฉื”ืžื“ื•ืช ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžืŸ ืื™ื ืŸ ืจืขื•ืช, ื•ื ืงืจืื• ืดืžื“ื•ืชืด ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื“ื”, ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ืขืžื”ืŸ ืœื˜ื•ื‘, ืืš ื”ืŸ ืžืฉืชื ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืžืขืฉื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืื ื”ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืจื™ ืžื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื•ืœื”ื™ืคืš ื ืขืฉื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืชื™ื• ืจืขื•ืช. ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืงื ืื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื’ื•ื ื” ืžืื•ื“, ืืš ื“ื•ืงื ื›ืฉืžืงื ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืขื•ื”ืดื–, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืœืงื ื ื›ืžืฉืื””ื› (ืžืฉืœื™ ื›ื’,ื™ื–) “ืืœ ื™ืงื ื ืœื‘ืš ื‘ื—ื˜ืื™ื ื›ื™ ืื ื‘ื™ืจืืช ื“ืณ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืืด. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื’ืจืดื “ื‘ืžื™ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืจืืช ื“’ ื‘ื• ืชืงื ื, ื•ื’ื ืœื ืชืืžืจ ื“ื™, ืืœื ืชืงื ื ‘ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื’, ื•ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื—ื™ื™ืš ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ื—ื™ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืื“ืžื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืงื ืืชืš ื‘ื™ืจืืช ื“'”.

ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืœื‘ื“ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืžืžืขืฉื™ื• ื”ืจืขื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืœืชืงืŸ ื”ืžื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืขื•ืช. ื›ืžื• ืฉืžื“ืช ื”ื’ืื•ื” ืžืื•ืกื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืดืช ื›ืžืฉืดื› (ืžืฉืœื™ ื˜ื–,ื”) ืดืชื•ืขื‘ืช ื“ืณ ื›ืœ ื’ื‘ื” ืœื‘”, ื›ืš ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืขื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืดืช ื›ืžืฉืดื› (ืžืฉืœื™ ื,ื›) “ืชื•ืขื‘ืช ื“ืณ ืขืงืฉื™ ืœื‘”. ื›ืชื‘ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื ื” “ื”ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืขื•ืช ื•ื›ื•’ ื•ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื ื• ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืขื•ืช ื ืชืขื‘ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืดืช ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ‘ืชื•ืขื‘ืช ื“ืณ ื›ืœ ื’ื‘ื” ืœื‘’ ื•ื’ื•’, ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืชืžื™ืžื™ ื“ืจืš.”

ื•ื”ื ื“ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื ืงืจืืช ื˜ื•ืžืื” ืžืชื‘ืืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืž’ (ื™ื•ืžื ืœื˜,ื) “ืชื ื ื“ื‘ื™ ืจืณ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืžื˜ืžื˜ืžืช ืœื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืฉื ืืžืจ ‘ื•ืœื ืชื˜ืžืื• ื‘ื”ื ื•ื ื˜ืžืชื ื‘ื’, ืืœ ืชื™ืงืจื™ ื•ื ื˜ืžืืชื ืืœื ื•ื ื˜ืžื˜ืืด. ื•ืคื™ืจืฉืดื™ ืดืžื˜ืžื˜ืžืช-

ืื•ื˜ืžืช ื•ืกื•ืชืžืช ืžื›ืœ ื—ื›ืžื””. ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื ื’ื–ืจืช ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื˜ืžื˜ื•ื, ื›ืœ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืžื˜ืžื˜ืžืช ื•ืกื•ืชืžืช ืืœ ืœื‘ื• ื•ื ืกืชื ื”ืœื‘ ืžื›ืœ ื—ื›ืžื”. ื—ื›ืžื” ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” ื—ื›ืžืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืื•ืชื” ืกื•ืชืจืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื”. ืืš ืœื ื ืื˜ื ืžื—ื›ืžื•ืช ื—ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืืฃ ืฉืฉืงื•ืข ื‘ื˜ื•ืžืื” ืขืžื•ืงื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ืกื•ืชืžืช ืืช ื—ื›ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ื•ื”ื—ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืžืฉื›ื ื ื‘ืœื‘. ืœื›ืš ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื‘ืงื™ืื™ื ื‘ื—ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืื™ื ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ืดื”, ื•ืืฃ ืฉื ืืžืจ ืดื”ืฉืžื™ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืึพืœ” ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘ืดื (ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘,ื‘) “ื•ื”ื™ืืš ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืื”ื‘ืชื• ื•ื™ืจืืชื•, ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื™ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื•ื‘ืจื•ืื™ื• ื”ื ืคืœืื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื™ืจืื” ืžื”ืŸ ื—ื›ืžืชื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืขืจืš ื•ืœื ืงืฅ ืžื™ื“ ื”ื•ื ืื•ื”ื‘ ื•ืžืฉื‘ื— ื•ืžืคืืจ ื•ืžืชืื•ื” ืชืื•ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœื™ื“ืข ื”ืฉื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ”. ืžืดืž ื”ื ืื™ื ื ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืœื•ื ื›ื™ ืœื‘ื ืกืชื•ื ื•ืื˜ื•ื ืžื›ืœ ื—ื›ืžื” ืขืดื™ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ื, ื•ื–ื” ืฉืืžืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืžื˜,ื™ื’) “ืื“ื ื‘ื™ืงืจ ื•ืœื ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืžืฉืœ ื›ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช ื ื“ืžื•”. ื‘ื™ืืจ ื”ืžืื™ืจื™: ืื ื”ืื“ื ืฉื”ื•ื “ื‘ื™ืงืจ”- ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืฉื›ืœ, ื•ืขื ื›ืœ ื–ืืช “ื•ืœื ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ”- ืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืœื™ื˜ ืืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื•, ื”ืจื™ “ื ืžืฉืœ ื›ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช ื ื“ืžื•”- ื“ื•ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ื”ืžื”, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืฉื›ืœ ืœืื“ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื›ืœื•, ืื“ืจื‘ื ืกื•ืชื ื•ืžื˜ืžื˜ื ืืช ืœื‘ื•.

ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข ื ืงืจื ื˜ืžื, ื›ื™ ื—ื˜ื ื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ืžืื” ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” ื˜ืžื˜ื•ื, ื•ื’ืจื•ืขื” ื˜ื•ืžืืช ื”ื—ื˜ื ืžื˜ื•ืžืืช ื”ืžืช ื•ื”ืฉืจืฅ, ืฉื”ื ืื™ื ื ืืœื ื˜ื•ืžืืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื•ื”ื—ื˜ื ื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ืžืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืฉืกื•ืชืžืช ืืช ื”ืœื‘ ืžื›ืœ ื—ื›ืžื”, ื•ืœื›ืš ื’ื ื˜ื”ืจืชื” ืฉื•ื ื”.

ื™ืžื™ ื”ืกืคื™ืจื” ื ื™ืชื ื• ื›ื™ืžื™ ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืœื˜ื”ืจ ืขืฆืžื ื• ืžื˜ื•ืžืืช ื”ื ืคืฉื•ืช. ื‘ืœื™ ื”ื›ื ื” ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื˜ื•ืžืืช ื”ืžื“ื•ืช ืื•ื˜ืžืช ื•ืกื•ืชืžืช ืžื›ืœ ื—ื›ืžื”. ื”ืžื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืขื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื’ื•ืจื ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืคืจื™ื“ ื•ื”ืžืคืกื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช. ื›ืžืฉ”ื› ื‘ืื‘ื•ืช (ื“,ื›ื) ืดื”ืงื ืื” ื•ื”ืชืื•ื” ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื”. ื‘ื™ืืจ ื”ืจืžื‘ืดื: ื›ื™ ื‘ืืœื” ื”ืžื“ื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื™ืคืกื™ื“ ืืžื•ื ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื•ืœื ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื• ืœื ืžืขืœื•ืช ืฉื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื ืžืขืœื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื•ืช. ื•ื‘ืืœื” ื ืคืจื“ื• ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืžืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืœืขื ื”ืจืฉืข ื›ืžืฉืดื› ื‘ืื‘ื•ืช (ื”,ื™ื˜) ืดืขื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืจื•ื— ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื•ื ืคืฉ ืฉืคืœื” ืžืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื•, ืขื™ืŸ ืจืขื” ื•ืจื•ื— ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ื ืคืฉ ืจื—ื‘ื” ืžืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืœืขื ื”ืจืฉืข.” ื’’ ืžื“ื•ืช ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ื”ืงื ืื” ื•ื”ืชืื•ื” ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ื›ืžื• ืฉื‘ื™ืืจื• ืจืฉืดื™ ื”ืจืžื‘ืดื ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื ื”. ืขื™ืŸ ืจืขื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืงื ืื”, ืฆืจื•ืช ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•. ืจื•ื— ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ืื•ื” ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ื•ื ืคืฉ ืจื—ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืื•ื”. ื•ื”ื ืจืืฉ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช, ื›ื™ ืžืงื ืื” ื ื•ืฆืจ ื›ืขืก ื•ืฉื ืื” ืขื“ ืœืจืฆื™ื—ื”, ื•ื‘ื’ืื•ื” ื ืืžืจ “ื•ืจื ืœื‘ื‘ืš ื•ืฉื›ื—ืช ืืช ื“ืณ ืืœื•ืงื™ืš”, ื•ืื

ืฉื•ื›ื— ืืช ื“ืณ ื”ืœื ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืฆื•ืจ ืœืคื ื™ื• ืžืœื—ื˜ื, ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื“ืจื›ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืœืขื ื”ืจืฉืข ื•ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื•. ืื‘ืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื ืขื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื–ื• ืžื™ื“ืช ื—ืกื“ ืœืื‘ืจื”ื, ืจื•ื— ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืขื ื•ื”, ื•ื ืคืฉ ืฉืคืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืคืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ืคืš ื”ืชืื•ื”.

ื‘ื™ืืจ ื”ืžื”ืจืดืœ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื—ื™ื™ื (ืื‘ื•ืช ื“,ื›ื) ื“ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืชื ื ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ืŸ ืืช ืดื”ืื“ืืด ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืฉืืœื• ื”ื’’ ืžื“ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขื•ื›ืจื™ื• ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ื•ืœื˜ืจื“ื• ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื•ื›ืžืฉืื””ื› (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื’,ื•) ืดื•ืชืจื ื”ืืฉื” ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืขืฅ ืœืžืื›ืœ ื•ื›ื™ ืชืื•ื” ื”ื•ื ืœืขื™ื ื™ื ื•ื ื—ืžื“ ื”ืขืฅ ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ืœ” ื•ื’ื•’. ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื›ืืŸ ื’’ ื”ืžื“ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ืดื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืขืฅ ืœืžืื›ืœืด ื”ื•ื ื ื’ื“ ื”ืชืื•ื” ืฉืžืžื ื” ืชืื‘ ืœืžืื›ืœ. ืดื•ื›ื™ ืชืื•ื” ื”ื•ื ืœืขื™ื ื™ืืด ื”ื•ื ื ื’ื“ ื”ืงื ืื” ื›ื™ ื›ื— ื”ืจืื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื›ื— ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ืžื–ื” ื ื•ืœื“ ืขื™ืŸ ืจืขื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ืดื•ื ื—ืžื“ ื”ืขืฅ ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ืœ” ื”ื•ื ื ื’ื“ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื›ืœื™, ื•ื ืชืื•ื• ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ื”ืงื‘ืดื”, ื•ืžื“ื•ืช ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ืžืืช ื”ื ืคืฉื•ืช ื•ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื“ื ืœื”ื˜ื”ืจ ืžื”ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืจื ื™ื’ืฉ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

ื”ืขืฆื” ืœื”ื˜ื”ืจ ืžืžื“ื•ืช ืืœื•, ืœืžื“ื•ื ื• ื—ื–ืดืœ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ (ืฉื•ื—ืดื˜ ื”ื ”ืœ) ื•ื–ืดืœ: ืดื•ืื™ืŸ ืžื˜ื”ืจื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืืœื ื‘ืื–ื•ื‘, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืชื—ื˜ืื ื™ ื‘ืื–ื•ื‘ ื•ืื˜ื”ืจ”. ื“ื™ืžื• ื—ื–ืดืœ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื˜ื ืœื˜ืžื ืžืช ื’ื ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื˜ื”ืจืชื•, ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื ื˜ืžื ื‘ืžืช ื˜ื”ืจืชื• ื‘ืื–ื•ื‘, ื›ืš ื”ื—ื•ื˜ื ืžื˜ื”ืจื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืื–ื•ื‘. ื•ืžื›ื— ื–ื” ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืื•ืจ ื–ืจื•ืข (ืกื™’ ืงื™ืดื‘) ื‘ืื—ื“ ืฉื”ืจื’ ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ื— ืฆื‘ื•ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืื ืขืฉื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืืฃ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืงื™ ื›ืคืจื” ืžืดืž ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืดืฅ. ื•ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉืžื—ื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื”, ื›ื™ ืืžืจื• ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉื”ื—ื•ื˜ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ื ื˜ืžื ื‘ืžืช.

ืืš ื˜ื”ืจืช ืื–ื•ื‘ ืœื ื ืชื‘ืืจ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืžื”ื•? ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืคื™ืจืฉืดื™ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื•ืจืข (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื“,ื“) ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ื˜ื”ืจืชื• ืฉื™ืงื— ืฉื ื™ ืชื•ืœืขืช ื•ืื–ื•ื‘. ื•ืคืจืฉืณืณื™: ืดืžื” ืชืงื ืชื• ื•ื™ืชืจืคื, ื™ืฉืคื™ืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืžื’ืื•ืชื• ื›ืชื•ืœืขืช ื•ื›ืื–ื•ื‘.” ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืขื™ืงืจ ื˜ื”ืจืชื•- ืฉื™ืฉืคื™ืœ ื’ืื•ื•ืชื•, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื–ื” ื’ื ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืžื ืžืช ืฉืžื–ื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืืคืจ ืคืจื” ื‘ืื–ื•ื‘, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืฉืคื™ืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื•ื™ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉืชืงื•ื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉ ืจื™ืžื” ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื˜ื”ืจืชื•. ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ื—ื•ื˜ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืื–ื•ื‘ ืœื˜ื”ืจืชื•, ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืฉื™ื›ื ื™ืข ื•ื™ืฉืคื™ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื•, ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืขื•ืช. ื›ืžื• ืฉื’ืื•ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืขื•ืช, ื›ืš ื”ืขื ื•ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื•ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช. ื›ื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื• ืขื™ื ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืชืงื ื ื‘ื•, ืื“ืจื‘ื” ืฉืžื— ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ืชื• ื•ืžื›ื™ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“, ืงืดื• ืฉืžื›ื™ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœืงื‘ืดื” ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื• ื›ืœ ืฆืจื›ื• ื‘ื—ืกื“ ื•ื‘ืจื—ืžื™ื ืืฃ ืฉืœื ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื• ื›ืœื•ื. ื•ืืฃ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื ื ืฉืชื‘ื— ืืœื ื‘ืžื“ื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื•ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ื ืขืœื•ืช.

ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื™ืฉืคื™ืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืื–ื•ื‘ ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืžื˜ื”ืจ ื ืคืฉื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชืฉื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื“ืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ืœืžืงื•ื ื ืžื•ืš. ื›ืš ื ื–ื›ื” ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ื›ืžืชื” ื•ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื” ื”ืฉืœืžื” ืืžืŸ.

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Parashas Kedoshim

Harav Hagaon Elimelech Reznick shlita

This weekโ€™s parashah contains the lav of ืœึนื ืชึดืงึนึผื ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึดื˜ึนึผืจ ืึถืช ื‘ึฐึผื ึตื™ ืขึทืžึถึผืšึธ, the prohibition of taking revenge or bearing a grudge.

The Taz (Yoreh Deiโ€™ah 228:10), in the context of a question related to Maseches Nedarim, notes that the prohibition of nekamah is one that people have become accustomed to violating, and most people transgress it. He is referring to the issue, discussed by the Mechaber, of not lending things to a person because he has wronged you, by failing to lend something to you, do you a favor, or invite you, or by causing you pain or distress. This is a transgression of the prohibition of nekamah, provided you are acting this way because he didnโ€™t treat you the way you would have liked.

In his discussion of nekius, the Mesilas Yesharim describes, as only he could, the natural urge to take revenge: ื”ืื“ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืžืื“ ื‘ืขืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืžืฆื˜ืขืจ ืฆืขืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื”ื ืงืžื” ืœื• ืžืชื•ืงื” ืžื“ื‘ืฉ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืžื ื•ื—ืชื• ืœื‘ื“ื”. When a person feels shamed or hurt by another, taking revenge is sweeter to him than honey, and seems to be the only way he can find peace. He adds that this is easy only for malachim, who do not possess these tendencies; for us mortals it is extremely difficult.

How, then, can we help ourselves to overcome the urge to seek revenge and the inclination to bear a grudge against someone who wronged us?

There seem to be three general approaches among the Rishonim as to the reason for the lav of nekamah.

Rooted in Ahavas Yisrael

The first, which is discussed by some of the Rishonim, as well as by the Netziv, who cites the Yerushalmi, is encapsulated in the following mashal. A butcher is chopping meat with his knife, and accidentally cuts his left hand. In his anger at his right hand for injuring his left hand, would he pick up the knife and chop his right hand to take revenge? Obviously not, because he would just be hurting himself again.

Similarly, Klal Yisrael is one body, and when a Yid is in pain, every other Yid is affected. So even if someone hurt you, taking revenge is not a legitimate response, because all Yidden are children of Hakadosh Baruch Hu, and you donโ€™t gain by hurting another Yid back, because youโ€™re hurting Klal Yisrael, of which you are a part.

According to this view, the basis of the issur of nekamah is ahavas Yisrael, as indicated by the continuation of the passuk that begins with lo sikom: ื•ึฐืึธื”ึทื‘ึฐืชึธึผ ืœึฐืจึตืขึฒืšึธ ื›ึธึผืžื•ึนืšึธ. The Magen Avraham writes, citing the Arizal, that before davening each day, a person should declare that he accepts upon himself the mitzvah of ื•ึฐืึธื”ึทื‘ึฐืชึธึผ ืœึฐืจึตืขึฒืšึธ ื›ึธึผืžื•ึนืšึธ; this way, his tefillah will be accepted among the prayers of all of Klal Yisrael. When a person has ahavas Yisrael, he is included in the tzibbur, which is one body, and he enjoys the advantage of being a member of the tzibbur, so even if his tefillah is not worthy of being accepted on its own, if the tefillah of the tzibbur is accepted, his is accepted along with it.

Attributing Painful Events to their True Source

The second approach is that of the Sefer Hachinuch (Mitzvah 241):

ืžืฉืจืฉื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื”, ืฉื™ื“ืข ื”ืื“ื ื•ื™ืชืŸ ืืœ ืœื‘ื• ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื™ืงืจื”ื• ืžื˜ื•ื‘ ืขื“ ืจืข, ื”ื•ื ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืชื‘ื•ื ืขืœื™ื• ืžืืช ื”ืฉื ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื, ื•ืžื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ืžื™ื“ ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื™ื• ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื, ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื›ืฉื™ืฆืขืจื”ื• ืื• ื™ื›ืื™ื‘ื”ื• ืื“ื ื™ื“ืข ื‘ื ืคืฉื• ื›ื™ ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื’ืจืžื• ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื’ื–ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื›ืš.

Anything that happens to a person, whether good or bad, is a decree from Shamayim, and no one can do anything to you if that is not Hashemโ€™s will. Therefore, when a person harms you or causes you pain, you should realize that this was meant to happen to you; the offender was merely the agent, and if he had not done this to you, it would have happened a different way. And the reason it happened was because of your aveiros. As a paradigm, the Chinuch quotes Dovid Hamelechโ€™s response when Shimi ben Geira cursed him; his men wanted to kill Shimi, but Dovid told them, โ€œLet him curse, because Hashem told him to do so.โ€

According to this approach, the basis of the lav of nekamah is emunah: A person must believe that everything that happens is a gezeirah from Shamayim, and when you realize that with clarity you wonโ€™t have this yetzer hara to take revenge.

Often, when people tell me that they have been wronged, I advise them to study this Chinuch again and again and internalize it, as it gives a person the koach to recognize that whatever happened to him, he brought upon himself, and it is a kapparah for his aveiros. Donโ€™t blame the offender for what happened; work on your emunah, and that will help you overcome the urge to take revenge.

Misplaced Priorities

The third approach is that of the Rambam, and is less well-known. In Hilchos Deiโ€™os (7:7), the Rambam writes:

ื”ื ื•ืงื ืžื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœื ืชืขืฉื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ืœื ืชืงื•ื, ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืœื•ืงื” ืขืœื™ื• ื“ืขื” ืจืขื” ื”ื™ื ืขื“ ืžืื“, ืืœื ืจืื•ื™ ืœื• ืœืื“ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ืขืœ ืžื“ื•ืชื™ื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืืฆืœ ื”ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื‘ืœ ื•ื”ื‘ืื™ ื•ืื™ื ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืงื•ื ืขืœื™ื”ื.

Rather than take nekamah, the Rambam is saying, a person should overlook the wrong done to him, for the โ€œmevinimโ€ recognize that everything in this temporal world is futility and nonsense, and is not worth making a big deal over and taking revenge for.

The Kli Yakar echoes this approach, bringing the following mashal: A child is building with blocks, and when another kid comes along and breaks his tower, he starts screaming, and wants to kill that other kid. The parent tries to explain to the child that itโ€™s not a big deal, itโ€™s just a toy that fell apart, but the child doesnโ€™t understand.

Now, if twenty years later this child would be walking down the street and suddenly spot the person who, years earlier, knocked over his tower, and he would still be filled with the urge to take revenge, we would have to send him for help; heโ€™s still a baby who never grew up.

The Rambamโ€™s point is: Get your priorities straight! Ruchniyos, Torah, mitzvos, avodas Hashem โ€” thatโ€™s whatโ€™s important in this world, and thatโ€™s what you should make a big deal about. Everything else is hevel havalim!

So someone wronged you; he didnโ€™t lend you his tools, or he broke something of yours, or maybe he embarrassed you. You might have a legitimate complaint against him, but taking nekamah to even the score is crossing the line. If you attach too much significance to matters of this world, to the extent that after suffering a loss or some other harm you are prepared to take revenge against the offender, you are not a meivin; youโ€™re a baby.

It is said that when Avraham ben Avraham the ger was being led away to be burnt at the stake, people asked him whether, after he goes up to Shamayim, he would take revenge against his killers. He answered that when he gets up there and sees the clarity of whatโ€™s emes and whatโ€™s sheker, taking nekamah would be like a kid taking revenge against someone who knocked over his toy. At that point, heโ€™ll be with the Eibishter in the Olam Ha’emes, and he will no longer care about trifling matters of this world.

This is the Rambamโ€™s understanding of the lav of ืœึนื ืชึดืงึนึผื.

Itโ€™s Not a Thing โ€” Donโ€™t Make It One

Lโ€™maaseh, weโ€™re only human, and we live in Olam Hazeh and attach importance to it. In this vein, R’ Yerucham teaches a valuable lesson, regarding the passuk in this weekโ€™s parashah that states: ืึทืœ ืชึดึผืคึฐื ื•ึผ ืึถืœ ื”ึธืึฑืœึดื™ืœึดื™ื ื•ึตืืœึนื”ึตื™ ืžึทืกึตึผื›ึธื” ืœึนื ืชึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึผ ืœึธื›ึถื. Rashi comments that the word ืึฑืœึดื™ืœึดื™ื comes from the word ืึทืœ, a term of negation, conveying that avodah zarah is nothing, and utterly insignificant. Then, regarding the words ื•ึตืืœึนื”ึตื™ ืžึทืกึตึผื›ึธื”, Rashi adds: ืชื—ื™ืœืชืŸ ืืœื™ืœื™ื ื”ื ื•ืื ืืชื” ืคื•ื ื” ืื—ืจื™ื”ื ืกื•ืคืš ืœืขืฉื•ืชืŸ ืืœื”ื•ืช โ€” essentially, these false gods are nothing, but if you turn after them, then in the end you will bow down to them and they will rule over you and control you.

R’ Yerucham, in Daas Torah, observes that the Torah is conveying to us that there are things in this world that are absolute futility, and anyone could recognize that โ€” provided he is focused on what is important, and his life revolves around Torah and mitzvos. But if he turns his focus to these empty pursuits, and really gets into the gashmiyus, throwing his money into big purchases and nice things, it will start to control him and become something significant. The same is true of other vain pursuits, such as kavod; initially, a person might not view honor as meaningful at all, but if he turns towards kavod and gets into it, it suddenly takes on major importance to him. It becomes a thing.

We are now in the period of Sefiras Ha’omer, and approaching Kabbalas HaTorah. We count these days to show our appreciation and value for the Torah, and indeed, the preparation for Mattan Torah is to focus on the Torah as that which is of primary significance in our lives. By making Torah part of our lives each day and counting each day as a step closer to receiving the Torah, we declare that this is whatโ€™s important to us. We then turn towards Torah and mitzvos and away from the futilities of this world, as the Rambam says that the meivinim recognize that Olam Hazeh is nothing, and not worth taking revenge over.

Gut Shabbos.

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