VayikraKedoshim

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•

Maran Hamashgiach Hagaon Harav Yeruchem Levovitz, ztโ€l

ืงึฐื“ึนืฉึดื™ื ืชึดึผื”ึฐื™ื•ึผ (ื™ื˜,ื‘)
ืงื“ืฉ ืขืฆืžืš ื‘ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืš (ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ื›.)

ืืžืจ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ื”ื’ื””ืฆ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืจื•ื—ื ืœื™ื•ื•ืื•ื™ืฅ ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ: ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืคืขื ืืฆืœ ืจื•ืคื ืฉื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืžืฉืชื™ื™ืช ืงืคื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื—ืœืฉื™ื, ืืš ืืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืงืคื” ืฉื›ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ื’ื ืœืื•ืชื ืื ืฉื™ื. ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ืงืจืชื™ ืื™ื–ื” ืงืคื” ื”ื•ื ื–ื”, ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืงืคื” ืขืฆืžื• ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืฉื•ืชื™ื, ืืœื ืฉืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืžืžืžื ื• ืืช ื”ืงื•ืคืื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื•. ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ืงืคื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืื™ื ื• ืžื–ื™ืง, ืืœื ื”ืงื•ืคืื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื–ื™ืง, ื•ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื•ืคืื™ืŸ ื”ืงืคื” ื ืขืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ื’ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื—ืœืฉื™ื.

ืขืคื™”ื– ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘”ืŸ ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืขืœ ื”ืคืก’ “ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ืชื”ื™ื•” ื•ื–”ืœ: ื•ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ, ื›ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื” ื‘ืขืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื”ืืกื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืชื™ืจื” ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืืฉืชื• ื•ืื›ื™ืœืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื”ื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ื› ื™ืžืฆื ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืชืื•ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ื‘ื–ืžืช ืืฉืชื• ืื• ื ืฉื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ื‘ืื™ ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื•ืœืœื™ ื‘ืฉืจ, ื•ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืจืฆื•ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื‘ืœื•ืช, ืฉืœื ื”ื•ื–ื›ืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื–ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ื ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื‘ืœ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื‘ื ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘, ืื—ืจ ืฉืคื™ืจื˜ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืฉืืกืจ ืื•ืชื ืœื’ืžืจื™, ื•ืฆื™ื•ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉื ื”ื™ื” ืคืจื•ืฉื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืžื•ืชืจื•ืช ื•ื’ื•’.”

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื•ื“ื ื”ื—ื˜ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื—ื˜ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืฆืžื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื ื ืฉืืจื• ืื•ืชื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื. ืืœื ืฉืงื•ื“ื ื”ื—ื˜ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืœื “ืงื•ืคืื™ืŸ” โ€“ ื‘ืœื ืืจืก, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื—ื˜ื ื ื›ื ืก ื‘ื”ื ืืจืก, “ืงื•ืคืื™ืŸ”.

ื–ื” ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืœื ืงื•ืช ื•ืœืฆื—ืฆื— ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื˜ื”ืจืชื, ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื””ืงื•ืคืื™ืŸ” ืžื”ื. ืœื›ืŸ ืืกืจื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืช ืื•ืชื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืฉืœ “ืงื•ืคืื™ืŸ” โ€“ ืืจืก, ื•ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ืงื•ืชื. ืืš ื™ืชืจื” ืžื–ืืช, ืฆื™ื•ื•ืชื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื ืงื•ืช ื’ื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืชืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื ืืคื™’ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื‘ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื””ืงื•ืคืื™ืŸ”. ื–ื”ื• “ืงื“ืฉ ืขืฆืžืš ื‘ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืš”.

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื

Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Sar haTorah Hagaon Harav Chaim Shmulevitz, ztโ€l

ื•ืื”ื‘ืช ืœืจืขืš ื›ืžื•ืš ืื ื™ ื”’ (ื™ื˜, ื™ื—)
ืกื™ืคืจ ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื ืื—ื“, ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืื‘ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืžื™ืจ ื”ืžืขื˜ื™ืจื”, ืฉื‘ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื• ืคืขื ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉื””ืช ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืžื•ืืœื‘ื™ืฅ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื”ย ืœืกืขื•ื“ ืขืžื• ืืช ืืจื•ื—ืช ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื•. ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื”ื ื ื”ื•ื’ ื”ื™ื” ืฉืจืืฉื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืขืžื ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืชื ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืขื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื ืœืกืขื•ื“ ืขืžื”ื, ื•ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขืžื”ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงืจื‘ื ื•ืœื—ื‘ื‘ื.

ื‘ืขืช ื”ืืจื•ื—ื” ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ืช ื”ืฆื“ืงื ื™ืช ืขโ€ื” ืืช ื”ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื”ื›ื™ื ื”. ื›ืฉืกื™ื™ื ืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™ ืืช ืžื ืชื•, ืคื ื” ืืœื™ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื•ืš, ื•ืืžืจ: “ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“! ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืžื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืœืชื•ืจื” ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”’, ื™ืฉ ืื•ืœื™ ืขื•ื“ ืงืฆืช ื‘ืกื™ืจ?” “ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™!” – ื–ื”ืจื• ืคื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ืช, “ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืกื™ืจ ืžืœื!” ื•ื ื™ื’ืฉื” ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช.

ื›ืฉืจืื” ื”ืจื‘ ืืช ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื ืืชื” ื•ืฉืžื—ืชื” ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ืช ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœื™ื” ื•ื”ื ืืชื• ืžืžืœืื›ืชื”, ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžืžื ื” ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื”: “ื ืืš ื’ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืกืืœืข… (-ืขื•ื“ ื˜ื™ืคื”…) ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžื—ื™ื” ื ืคืฉื•ืช!โ€.

ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืฉืกืขื“ ืขืžื• ืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืงื“ืฉื• ื”ืชืคืœื ืขืœ ื”ืžืจืื”, ืžื“ื•ืข ืจื””ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ื”ื™ื•ื ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“? ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืืช ื ืคืฉ ืจื‘ื• ื•ืืช ืจื™ื—ื•ืงื• ื”ืขืฆื•ื ืžื›ืœ ืชืื•ื•ืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื•ื”ื‘ืœื™ื•…

ืจื””ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคืœื™ืืชื•. ื›ืฉื™ืฆืื” ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื‘ื— ืœื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžื ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ืจื›ืŸ ืœืื•ื–ื ื• ื•ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื•: ื”ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ืช ื˜ืจื—ื” ื›ืืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื›ื ืช ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ื–ื”, ื•ืžืฆืคื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื ื”ื ื™ื ืžืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™ื”, ื›ืฉื ืฉืื ื™ ื˜ื•ืจื— ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื ืžืกืจ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”. ื›ืžื” ื”ื ืื” ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื›ืฉื ื™ื’ืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ, ื•ืžื‘ืจืจ ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืชื•ืจืฆืช ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืคืœื•ื ื™ืช…

ื”ืจื™ ื”ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœื”! ื”ื™ื ื ื”ื ื™ืช ื•ืฉืžื—ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื›ืฉืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืžื ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช!!!

ื‘ืืžื™ืจืชื• ื•ื”ื ื”ื’ืชื• ื–ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืชืŸ ืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœื ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื• ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืœืืฉืชื•…

ืข”ืค ‘ื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”’

ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืœื›ื”

Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shpitzer Shlita

ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื

ืœืคื ื™ ืขื•ืจ ืœื ืชืชืŸ ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ

ื™ื“ื•ืข ื“ืขืช ื”ื›ืก”ืž ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืฉื’ื“ืœื• ืืฆืœ ื’ื•ื™, ื“ื›”ื– ืฉื’ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ื“ ื”ืขื›ื•”ื ืœื›ื•”ืข ืื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื™ ื”ืžื‘ื™”ื˜ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืขื›ื•”ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืคืกื™ื“ ื•ืœืžื›ื•ืจ. ื•ืขืžืฉ”ื› ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ืค’ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžื—ืžื™ืจ ืื™ ืฉืจื™ ืœื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื™ืงืœ ืฉื™ืžื›ื•ืจ ื•ื™ืคืกื™ื“.

ื•ืข’ ืฉืขื””ืž ืค”ื˜ ืžืื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜”ื– ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืงื™ืœ ื‘ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจ ืžื ืจ ื—ืœื‘ ื•ื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉืขื””ืž ืžืฉ”ืž ื ื“ืจื™ื ืฆ’ ืข”ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉื–ื™ื ืชื” ื™ืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ืขื•ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืขืœื”.

(ื•ืœื›ื’ ื˜ืขืžื• ืขืค”ื™ ืื—ื™ืขื–ืจ ื“ืืฃ ื“ืœื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืขืฆื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ื”ื•ื’ื ืช ืžืฆื“ ื”ื ื›ืฉืœ, ืž”ืž ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืขื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืœ ืฉื›ืžื• ืฉืžื•ื–ื”ืจ ืฉืœื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืขืœ ืœืื• ื›ืžื•”ื› ืžื•ื–ื”ืจ ืฉืœื ืœื™ืชืŸ ืœืื—ืจื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืœืื•).

ื•ืข’ ื›”ืก ื™ื•”ื“ ืข”ื– ืœื”ื™ืชืจ ื•ืจืื™ื” ืžื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืž”ื“ ืข”ื‘ ืฉืฉืœื— ืจื‘ ืœืจื‘ื” ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจ ื—ื ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืกื‘ืจื” ื”ื’ืž’ ื“ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ ืืกื•ืจ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืฆ”ื˜ ืข”ื‘ ืฉืœื— ืจื‘ื™ ืืžื™ ืœืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืจ ื—ื•ืœื‘. ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื ื“ืจื™ื, ื“ื—ื” ื”ื›”ืก ื“ืฉื ืจืง ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ื™ื“ื™ืขื”.

ื•ืข’ ื›”ืก ืื•”ื— ืก”ื• ืฉื”ืง’ ืกืชื™ืจื” ื‘ืฉืขื””ืž ืขืฆืžื• ืžืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื”ืœ’ ืœื•ืœื‘ ืค”ื– ื”ื›”ื” ื“ื—ืคืฅ ืฉืžื—ืžื™ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื™ื•”ื˜, ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืงืฆื” ื›ื™ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื™ืชื ื• ืœืื—ืจ.

ื•ื‘ืืžืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชื™ืจ ืžื‘ื™”ื˜ ืกื™’ ื›”ื ื•ืข”ืฉ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืœื ื ื“ื•ืŸ ืื•ืชื ื›ืžื• ืขื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ืœื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ืจืื” ืœื”ื ื”ื™ืชืจ.

ื•ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื“ืฉ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘”ื” ืจืฆ”ื• ื‘ืฉื ืคืž”ื’ ืจืฆ”ื˜ ื“ืืกื•ืจ ืœื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื™ืงืœ. ืื‘ืœ ื›ืชืจ ืจืืฉ ืžืจ”ื— ื•ื•ืืœืื–ื™ืŸ ืื•ืช ืงืž”ื˜ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืื•ื›ืœื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืื›ื™ืœ ื•ืžืฉืงื” ืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื• ืœืื•ื›ืœื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืคื ื™ื•.

ื•ืข’ ืง”ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืฉ”ืฉ ืื•ืช ื™”ื’ (ืขืž’ ืฆ”ื“) ื”ืงืฉื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืืžืื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืงืจื ื“ืœืคื ื™ ืขื•ืจ ื•ื”ืจื™ ื‘ืœื”ื” ืชื™ืคื•ืง ืœื™ื” ืžืฉื•ื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืืคืจื•ืฉื™ ืžืื™ืกื•ืจื, ื•ื–ื” ืžืกืชืžื ืžื“ื™ืŸ ืขืจื‘ื•ืช. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ืงืจื ื“ืœืคื ื™ ืขื•ืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ืจื™ืš ืจืง ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื’ื ืœื’ื•ื™ ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื•ืฉื™ื˜ ืื‘ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™ ืœื’ื•ื™. ื•ื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืชื™ืจืฅ ื“ืฆืจื™ืš ืงืจื ื“ืœืคื ื™ ืขื•ืจ ื“ื ”ืž ื”ื™ื›ื ืฉื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืกื•ืžืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ืชืจ, ืฉืกื•ืžืš ืขืœ ื—ื–ืงื” ืื• ืขื“ื™ื (ืื• ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื” ืคื•ืกืง), ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื›ื— ืชื•ื›ื™ื— (ื•ื’ื ืœื ืขืจื‘ื•ืช), ื•ืž”ืž ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืขื•ืจ ื›ืคื™ ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ. (ื•ืข”ืข ืื’”ืž ืื”ืข”ื– ื—”ื“ ืกื™’ ืก”ื). ื•ืœื›ื’ ื“ืœื ื›ืžื‘ื™”ื˜. ื•ืœืคื™ ื”ืžื‘ื™”ื˜ ื™”ืœ ืงื•’ ืง”ืฉ ื“ื ”ืž ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืขืฉื” ืขืžืš ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืชื•ื›ื—ื”, ื›ืž”ืฉ ื‘”ื” ืชืจ”ื— ืžืชื ื ื“ื‘ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• (ื•ื’ื ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืœืคืž”ืฉ ื‘ืง”ืฉ ื‘ื™ืฆื” ืก”ื•) ื•ื”ื› ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืืคืจื•ืฉื™ ืžืื™ืกื•ืจื.

ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ืชื”ื™ื•

Maran Hamashgiach Hagaon Harav Aaron Chodosh, ztโ€l

ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ‘ื•ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ื”’ ืืœ ืžืฉื” ืœืืžืจ: ื“ื‘ืจ ืืœ ื›ืœ ืขื“ืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืืžืจืช ืืœื™ื”ื ืงื“ืฉื™ื ืชื”ื™ื• ื›ื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืื ื™ ื”’ ืืœื•ืงื™ื›ื’.

ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘”ืŸ ืจื™ืฉ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ‘ื”ื•ื• ืคืจื•ืฉื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืขืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื”, ืฉื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืืชื” ืžื•ืฆื ื’ื“ืจ ืขืจื•ื” ืืชื” ืžื•ืฆื ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจืฉ”ื™. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื (ืคืจืฉื” ื ื‘) ืจืื™ืชื™ ืกืชื ืคืจื•ืฉื™ื ืชื”ื™ื•, ื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื ื• ืฉื (ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืคืจืง ื™ื‘ ื’) ื•ื”ืชืงื“ืฉืชื ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื›ื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืื ื™, ื›ืฉื ืฉืื ื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื›ืš ืืชื ืชื”ื™ื• ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื, ื›ืฉื ืฉืื ื™ ืคืจื•ืฉ ื›ืš ืืชื ืชื”ื™ื• ืคืจื•ืฉื™ื. ื•ืœืคื™ ื“ืขืชื™ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ืœืคืจื•ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืขืจื™ื•ืช ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืคืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื–ื›ืจืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ื” ื ืงืจืื™ื ืคืจื•ืฉื™ื. ื•ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ, ื›ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื” ื‘ืขืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื”ืืกื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืชื™ืจื” ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืืฉืชื• ื•ืื›ื™ืœืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื”ื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ื› ื™ืžืฆื ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืชืื•ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ื‘ื–ื™ืžืช ืืฉืชื• ืื• ื ืฉื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ื‘ืื™ ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื•ืœืœื™ ื‘ืฉืจ ืœืžื• ื•ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืจืฆื•ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื‘ืœื•ืช, ืฉืœื ื”ื•ื–ื›ืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื–ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ื ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื‘ืœ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื‘ื ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื•ื›ื•’ ื›ื™ ืืข”ืค ืฉืืœื• ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื, ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื–ื” ื™ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืฉื ื”ื™ื” ื ืงื™ื™ื ื•ื˜ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืคืจื•ืฉื™ื ืžื”ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืฉื”ื ืžืœื›ืœื›ื™ื ืขืฆืžื ื‘ืžื•ืชืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ื›ื™ืขื•ืจื™ื’.

ื–ื” ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ืชื”ื™ื• – ืคืจื•ืฉื™ื ืชื”ื™ื•, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ืœื–ื” ืžืฉืžืข ื‘ืจืžื‘”ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืง ื›ื”ื›”ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคืจื•ืฉ ืžื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฆืื ื• ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื•ืžืฆื•ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื ื•: “ืืžืจ ืขืชื” ืฉื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื”ืื–ื”ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื, ื•ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื“ืžื• ืœื™ื•ืฆืจื ื›ืคื™ ื”ืืคืฉืจ ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืื“ื, ื›ืืžืจื• ‘ื ืขืฉื” ืื“ื ื‘ืฆืœืžื ื• ื›ื“ืžื•ืชื ื•’. ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืืจ ืขืชื” ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืืžืจื• ‘ื›ื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืื ื™ ื”’ ืืœืงื™ื›ื’ – ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืชื“ืžื• ืืœื™ ื›ืคื™ ื”ืืคืฉืจ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืžืขืฉื”.” ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื”ื“ืžื•ืช ืœื”ืงื‘”ื” ื›ืžื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืขืฉื”, ื•ื–ื” ื“ืจื’ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.

ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื ื” ื‘ืฉืข”ืช (ืงื ”ื—) “ื•ืขืชื” ืขืžื•ื“ ื•ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื ื• ืœืงื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืฉื, ื›ื™ ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื” ืฉืงื“ืฉื ื• ื”ืฉ”ื™ ื‘ืชื•ืจืชื• ื•ื‘ืžืฆื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื• [ืœืขื] ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื“ืฉื• ื•ืœื™ืจืื” ืžืžื ื•, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืงื“ื™ืฉื™ื• ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื. ื•ื’ื ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉ”ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ. ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›”ื‘) ‘ื•ืœื ืชื—ืœืœื• ืืช ืฉื ืงื“ืฉื™ ื•ื ืงื“ืฉืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื ื™ ื”’ ืžืงื“ืฉื›ื'”. ืœืžื“ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ืจืง ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื, ืืœื ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉ, ื•ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืขืž”ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืœื”ื™ื“ืžื•ืช ืœื“ืจื›ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘”ื”.

ื•ื–ื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง ‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ืชื”ื™ื• ื›ื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืื ื™ ื”’ ืืœื•ืงื™ื›ื’, ืฉื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืื ื™ ื”’ ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืงื‘”ื”, ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื“ืžื•ืช ืœื”ืงื‘”ื” ื‘ืžืขืœื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืืฃ ืืชื” ืงื“ื•ืฉ, ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืจื—ื•ื ืืฃ ืืชื” ืจื—ื•ื ื•ื›ื•’.

ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืคืจื•ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื•ืช ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”’, ืฉื”ืฆื•ืจื” ืœืงื“ืฉ ืืช ืฉื ื”’ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”’.

ื•ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื›ืœืœื™ ืœื›ืœ ืขืž”ื™, ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ืœืงื“ืฉ ืืช ืฉื ื”’ ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืจืฉ”ื™ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›”ื‘) “ื•ืœื ืชื—ืœืœื• – ืžืžืฉืžืข ืฉื ื’ ื•ืœื ืชื—ืœืœื• ืžื” ืช”ืœ ื•ื ืงื“ืฉืชื™, ืžืกื•ืจ ืขืฆืžืš ื•ืงื“ืฉ ืฉืžื• ื•ื›ื•’.” ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืงื“ืฉ ืฉื ืฉืžื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืืจ ื”ืขื.

ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืจืžื‘”ื (ื”ืœ’ ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืค”ื” ื””ื) ืฉื›ืชื‘ “ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ‘ื•ื ืงื“ืฉืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ’. ื•ืžื•ื–ื”ืจื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ืœื—ืœืœื• ืฉื ืืžืจ ‘ื•ืœื ืชื—ืœืœื• ืืช ืฉื ืงื“ืฉื™'”.

ื•ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื™”ื ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ: “ื•ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื, ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืขืฉื” ืื•ืชื ืื“ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืจื ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื, ื•ืืข”ืค ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ื—ื™ืœืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื. ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืงื— ื•ืื™ื ื• ื ื•ืชืŸ ื“ืžื™ ื”ืžืงื— ืœืืœืชืจ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื•ื ืžืฆืื• ื”ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืงื™ืคืŸ. ืื• ืฉื™ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืฉื—ื•ืง ืื• ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื” ื•ืฉืชื™ื” ืืฆืœ ืขืžื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ. ืื• ืฉื“ื‘ื•ืจื• ืขื ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื ื—ืช ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœืŸ ื‘ืกื‘ืจ ืคื ื™ื ื™ืคื•ืช ืืœื ื‘ืขืœ ืงื˜ื˜ื” ื•ื›ืขืก. ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื•, ื”ื›ืœ ืœืคื™ ื’ื“ืœื• ืฉืœ ื—ื›ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื“ืงื“ืง ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื•ื™ืขืฉื” ืœืคื ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ. ื•ื›ืŸ ืื ื“ืงื“ืง ื”ื—ื›ื ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื•ื”ื™ื” ื“ื‘ื•ืจื• ื‘ื ื—ืช ืขื ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื“ืขืชื• ืžืขื•ืจื‘ืช ืขืžื”ื ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื ื‘ืกื‘ืจ ืคื ื™ื ื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื ืขืœื‘ ืžื”ื ื•ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืœื‘ื, ืžื›ื‘ื“ ืœื”ืŸ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืžืงื™ืœื™ืŸ ืœื•, ื•ื ื•ืฉื ื•ื ื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”, ื•ืœื ื™ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืืจื™ื—ื•ืช ืขืžื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืชืŸ, ื•ืœื ื™ืจืื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืืœื ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืขื˜ื•ืฃ ื‘ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช ืžื•ื›ืชืจ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื• ืœืคื ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ื™ืชืจื—ืง ื”ืจื‘ื” ื•ืœื ื™ืฉืชื•ืžื, ืขื“ ืฉื™ืžืฆืื• ื”ื›ืœ ืžืงืœืกื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื•ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื•ืžืชืื•ื•ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื™ื•, ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืงื™ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”’.

ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘”ื ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื“ืขื•ืช (ืค”ื” ื””ื) “ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ื—ื›ื ื ื™ื›ืจ ื‘ื—ื›ืžืชื• ื•ื‘ื“ืขื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื”ื ืžืฉืืจ ื”ืขื, ื›ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ื›ืจ ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื‘ืžืื›ืœื• ื•ื‘ืžืฉืงื”ื• ื•ื‘ื‘ืขื™ืœืชื• ื•ื‘ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืฆืจื›ื™ื• ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ื•ืจื• ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืœื•ื›ื• ื•ื‘ืžืœื‘ื•ืฉื• ื•ื‘ื›ืœื›ื•ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื•ื‘ืžืฉืื• ื•ื‘ืžืชื ื•. ื•ื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื ืื™ื ื•ืžืชื•ืงื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื›ื™ืฆื“, ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื’ืจื’ืจืŸ ืืœื ืื•ื›ืœ ืžืื›ืœ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื‘ืจื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื•, ื•ืœื ื™ืื›ืœ ืžืžื ื• ืื›ื™ืœื” ื’ืกื”, ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื ืจื•ื“ืฃ ืœืžืœืืช ื‘ื˜ื ื• ื›ืืœื• ืฉืžืชืžืœืื™ืŸ ืžืžืื›ืœ ื•ืžืฉืชื” ืขื“ ืฉืชื™ืคื— ื›ืจื™ืกื.”

ื•ืžืงื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘”ื ื”ื•ื ืžื”ื’ืž’ ื‘ื™ื•ืžื (ื“ืฃ ืค”ื•): “ื”ื™ื›ื™ ื“ืžื™ ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื, ืื‘ื™ื™ ืืžืจ ื›ื“ืชื ื™ื ื•ืื”ื‘ืช ืืช ื”’ ืืœืงื™ืš ืฉื™ื”ื ืฉื ืฉืžื™ื ืžืชืื”ื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ืš, ืฉื™ื”ื ืงื•ืจื ื•ืฉื•ื ื” ื•ืžืฉืžืฉ ืช”ื— ื•ื™ื”ื ืžืฉืื• ื•ืžืชื ื• ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื• ื‘ื ื—ืช ืขื ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช, ืžื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืื•ืžืจื•ืช ืขืœื™ื• ืืฉืจื™ ืื‘ื™ื• ืฉืœืžื“ื• ืชื•ืจื” ืืฉืจื™ ืจื‘ื• ืฉืœืžื“ื• ืชื•ืจื” ืื•ื™ ืœื”ื ืœื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืœืžื“ื• ืชื•ืจื” ืคืœื•ื ื™ ืฉืœืžื“ื• ืชื•ืจื” ืจืื• ื›ืžื” ื ืื™ื ื“ืจื›ื™ื• ื›ืžื” ืžืชื•ืงื ื™ื ืžืขืฉื™ื• ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื•ืžืจ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืœื™ ืขื‘ื“ื™ ืืชื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืฉืจ ื‘ืš ืืชืคืืจ. ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืงื•ืจื ื•ืฉื•ื ื” ื•ืžืฉืžืฉ ืช”ื— ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืฉืื• ื•ืžืชื ื• ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื• ื‘ื ื—ืช ืขื ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช, ืžื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืื•ืžืจื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•, ืื•ื™ ืœื• ืœืคืœื•ื ื™ ืฉืœืžื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืื•ื™ ืœื• ืœืื‘ื™ื• ืฉืœืžื“ื• ืชื•ืจื” ืื•ื™ ืœื• ืœืจื‘ื• ืฉืœืžื“ื• ืชื•ืจื” ืคืœื•ื ื™ ืฉืœืžื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืจืื• ื›ืžื” ืžืงื•ืœืงืœื™ืŸ ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื•ื›ืžื” ืžื›ื•ืขืจื™ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ื•”. ื ืืžืจ ื›ืืŸ ืฉืื“ื ื ืžื“ื“ ื‘ืงื•ืจื ื•ืฉื•ื ื” ื•ืžืฉืื• ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื• ื‘ื ื—ืช ืขื ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช, ื›ืืŸ ืœื ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ื›ื“ื•’ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื–ื” ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื.

ื”ื’ืž’ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื’ื ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื’ื ืืœื• ืฉื”ื ืจืง ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื, ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื•, ื•ืœืžื™ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืืฉืจื™ ืื‘ื™ื• ืฉืœื™ืžื“ื• ืชื•ืจื” ืื• ืืฉืจื™ ืจื‘ื• ืฉืœืžื“ื• ืชื•ืจื”, ื–ื” ืœื ื ืืžืจ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื, ื–ื” ื ืืžืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื. ื–ื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื•ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื ืื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื”ื ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื ื•ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ื”ื, ื•ืื ื”ื ืžืงื“ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื”’ ืื–ื™ ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ื ืืžืจ ‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืฉืจ ื‘ืš ืืชืคืืจ’, ื™ืขื–ืจื ื• ื”’ ืœืงื“ืฉ ืฉืžื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื›ืš ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื™ืœืš ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื• ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ืืžืŸ.

โ€ซโ€ชParshaโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ชPreview

Harav Hagaon Yehuda Wagshal Shlita

Two Parts of a Whole

Parashas Kedoshim

Harav Hagaon Yehuda Wagshal shlita

In this weekโ€™s parashah we have the mitzvah of ื•ึฐืึธื”ึทื‘ึฐืชึธึผ ืœึฐืจึตืขึฒืšึธ ื›ึธึผืžื•ึนืšึธ, and we all know the famous statement of R’ Akiva: ื•ึฐืึธื”ึทื‘ึฐืชึธึผ ืœึฐืจึตืขึฒืšึธ ื›ึธึผืžื•ึนืšึธ ื–ึถื” ื›ึผึฐืœึธืœ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื‘ึผึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”. This needs to be understood, however, because although there are many mitzvos in the Torah that relate to our relationships with other people, there are also many mitzvos in the Torah that are purely bein adam laMakom. How, then, can ึฐื•ึฐืึธื”ึทื‘ึฐืชึธึผ ืœึฐืจึตืขึฒืšึธ ื›ึธึผืžื•ึนืšึธ be a klal gadol for the entire Torah?

In the mitzvah of ื•ึฐืึธื”ึทื‘ึฐืชึธึผ ืœึฐืจึตืขึฒืšึธ ื›ึธึผืžื•ึนืšึธ, the Torah uses the term reiโ€™a for โ€œfriend.โ€ Now, in Lashon Hakodesh there are other words that mean โ€œfriend,โ€ such as chaver or yedid. What is the significance of the term reiโ€™a in the context of this mitzvah?

Rav Hutner notes that the word reiโ€™a shares a root with the word ra, evil. What does evil have to do with a close friend? He explains that thereโ€™s another word with the same shoresh: teruah. Teruah is a broken sound, and a similar word is found in the passuk: ืชึฐึผืจึนืขึตื ื‘ึฐึผืฉึตืื‘ึถื˜ ื‘ึทึผืจึฐื–ึถืœ, which means to break someone to pieces with an iron rod. Something that is complete is good; something thatโ€™s broken is bad. But what does that have to do with a friendship?

There are different levels of friendship. At one level, friendship begins and ends with two people enjoying each otherโ€™s company. They share experiences together, they can laugh at each otherโ€™s jokes, and thatโ€™s the whole friendship. While they enjoy the company, each one is really living for himself.

Then, thereโ€™s a much deeper level of friendship, and that is with a reiโ€™a. In this type of relationship, two people are so close and intertwined that they feel as if theyโ€™re part of a greater whole, and on their own theyโ€™re broken โ€” a teruah. Only when theyโ€™re together do they feel complete.

When the Torah commands, ื•ึฐืึธื”ึทื‘ึฐืชึธึผ ืœึฐืจึตืขึฒืšึธ ื›ึธึผืžื•ึนืšึธ, it conveys that the mitzvah is not just to love one another, but to be able to develop a relationship with another Yid in which weโ€™re two parts of one puzzle, with each one completing the other.

But why is this type of relationship necessary for the mitzvah of ื•ึฐืึธื”ึทื‘ึฐืชึธึผ ืœึฐืจึตืขึฒืšึธ ื›ึธึผืžื•ึนืšึธ? Thereโ€™s a mitzvah to help any Yid, even if I donโ€™t have that type of relationship with him. Indeed, the Gemara in Shabbos teaches that ื•ึฐืึธื”ึทื‘ึฐืชึธึผ ืœึฐืจึตืขึฒืšึธ ื›ึธึผืžื•ึนืšึธ means that what I wouldnโ€™t want done to me, I shouldnโ€™t do to others: ื“ืขืœืš ืกื ื™ ืœื—ื‘ืจืš ืœื ืชืขื‘ื™ื“. This applies even if the relationship is not on the level of reiโ€™acha, so why does the Torah link the mitzvah with the relationship of a reiโ€™a specifically?

First, Feel the Pain

Perhaps the Torah is conveying a fundamental lesson here.

In Parashas Mishpatim, when the Torah commands us to give a loan to a person in need, it uses the words: ืึดื ื›ึถึผืกึถืฃ ืชึทึผืœึฐื•ึถื” ืึถืช ืขึทืžึดึผื™ ืึถืช ื”ึถืขึธื ึดื™ ืขึดืžึธึผืšึฐ. What is the meaning of the phrase ืึถืช ื”ึถืขึธื ึดื™ ืขึดืžึธึผืšึฐ?

Rashi explains that when someone comes to borrow money from you, before giving him the money, you should make sure to view yourself as if youโ€™re the ani โ€” to recognize and feel the pain and humiliation that heโ€™s experiencing. The phrase ืึถืช ื”ึถืขึธื ึดื™ ืขึดืžึธึผืšึฐ implies that the ani must be with you โ€” you should feel his poverty yourself, and then you should lend him the money.

If the mitzvah is to lend money to a needy person, why do you have to feel as if youโ€™re the poor person? Youโ€™re the rich one, youโ€™re lending him the money, so why should you feel poor? Clearly, the real reason the Torah commands us to do chessed with others is not just to supply their needs. Hashem has many messengers and other ways to supply a pauperโ€™s needs, but He wants Klal Yisrael to connect with one another, to feel the pain of another person in need and strive to ease it, just as you would for your own pain.

The mitzvah to give a loan, then, is not just to lend a person money and send him packing; itโ€™s to connect with him, to feel his pain, to experience what heโ€™s going through โ€” and then to lend him the money.

The primary mitzvah of chessed and ื•ึฐืึธื”ึทื‘ึฐืชึธึผ ืœึฐืจึตืขึฒืšึธ ื›ึธึผืžื•ึนืšึธ is not just performing the action โ€” itโ€™s to feel the personโ€™s pain and understand his crisis. And then, just as you would work to solve your own crisis, youโ€™ll do anything you can to solve his as well.

We can now understand why the Torah chose the word reiโ€™acha.

Hakadosh Baruch Hu doesnโ€™t want you to do chessed on the level of a chaver; He wants you to feel like a reiโ€™a, like an incomplete part of a puzzle, so that you feel the other personโ€™s emotions and pain, and you help him from within that connection. Thatโ€™s the main mitzvah of ื•ึฐืึธื”ึทื‘ึฐืชึธึผ ืœึฐืจึตืขึฒืšึธ ื›ึธึผืžื•ึนืšึธ.

We still need to understand, however, how this relates to all the 613 mitzvos, to the extent that it is considered a klal gadol baTorah.

Two Steps to Connection

The Zohar Hakadosh says that the 613 mitzvos are 613 eitzos for how to fulfill the mitzvah of ื•ืœื“ื‘ืงื” ื‘ื• and connect to Hakadosh Baruch Hu. Mitzvos are not merely technical acts, but are meant to link us with Hakadosh Baruch Hu. The word โ€œmitzvahโ€ is generally translated as โ€œcommandment,โ€ from the root word tzivuy, but โ€œmitzvahโ€ is also related to the root of tzavsa, which implies companionship, closeness, connection.

How do we connect to Hakadosh Baruch Hu?

We say in davening every day:ื”ื•ึผื ืขึธืฉึธื‚ื ื•ึผ ื•ืœื [ื•ึฐืœื•ึน] ืึฒื ึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผ ืขึทืžึผื•ึน ื•ึฐืฆึนืืŸ ืžึทืจึฐืขึดื™ืชื•ึน . The word lo in this passuk is written with an alef but read as though it is written with a vav. With an alef, the meaning of this phrase is that Hashem made us, and we didnโ€™t make ourselves. With a vav, the meaning is that Hakadosh Baruch Hu created us and weโ€™re His โ€” weโ€™re part of Him.

The Sfas Emes explains that two concepts go together: When are we connected to Hakadosh Baruch Hu (ืœื•ึน)? Only when weโ€™re not out for ourselves: ื•ึฐืœึนื ืึฒื ึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผ. Someone who lives only for himself is stuck in his own selfish, self-centered box. He can never connect to Hakadosh Baruch Hu, since he canโ€™t connect to anybody. But if someone is ื•ึฐืœึนื ืึฒื ึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผ โ€” heโ€™s not focused only on himself โ€” he can also be lo anachnu with a vav, and connected to Hakadosh Baruch Hu.

This is the primary purpose of all the 613 mitzvos. These 613 eitzos for how to come close to Hakadosh Baruch Hu train us to remove ourselves from centerstage โ€” and then we can connect to Him.

But we donโ€™t see Hakadosh Baruch Hu right before our eyes, and we donโ€™t always feel His presence as much as we should. Therefore, He gave us the klal gadol baTorah โ€” ื•ึฐืึธื”ึทื‘ึฐืชึธึผ ืœึฐืจึตืขึฒืšึธ ื›ึธึผืžื•ึนืšึธ โ€” exhorting us to practice getting out of our box and becoming less self-centered and more attuned to other peopleโ€™s feelings. When we do that, and we feel what it means to be reiโ€™acha โ€” two parts of the same puzzle, sharing another personโ€™s pain โ€”we are taking a step out of our selfish box, and that opens us to develop a relationship with Hakadosh Baruch Hu as well.

Although ื•ึฐืึธื”ึทื‘ึฐืชึธึผ ืœึฐืจึตืขึฒืšึธ ื›ึธึผืžื•ึนืšึธ relates to matters of bein adam lachaveiro, it is nevertheless a klal gadol baTorah, since it enables a person to transcend his self-centered existence, which positions him to fulfill the ultimate purpose of all the 613 mitzvos: ื•ืœื“ื‘ืงื” ื‘ื•.

  • SEARCH BY PARSHA

  • โ€ซโ€ชSEโ€ฌโ€ฌARCHโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ชBYโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ชRโ€ฌโ€ซโ€ชABBONIMโ€ฌโ€ฌ