BamidbarChukas

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•

Maran Rosh Hayeshiva V'Av Bais Din Mir Hagaon Rebbi Eliyahu Baruch Kamai Ztvk"l

ื–ืืช ื—ืงืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืฉืจ ืฆื•ื” ื”’ ืœืืžืจ, ื“ื‘ืจ ืืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ืงื—ื• ืืœื™ืš ืคืจื” ืื“ืžื” ืชืžื™ืžื” ื•ื’ื•’
ื‘ืจืžื‘”ืŸ: ื“ื‘ืจ โ€“ ื•ืœื “ื“ื‘ืจื•”, ื›ื™ ืžืฉื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจ. ื•ื˜ืขื “ืืœื™ืš” โ€“ ืฉื™ืขืฉื• ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœืฉืขืชื, ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืŸ (ืคืก’ ื™) ื™ืฆื•ื” ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื’ืจ ืœื—ืงืช ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื™ืขืฉื• ื›ืŸ ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืชื ื•ื›ื•’.

ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืœืŸ ื‘ืคืก’ ื™’ ื ืืžืจ: “ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื’ืจ ื”ื’ืจ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ืœื—ืงืช ืขื•ืœื” โ€“ ืฉื™ื ื”ื’ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช (ืกืคืจื™).

ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ืฆื—ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืื– ื•ืœืขื•ืœื.

ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืืจ ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ืื‘”ื“ ืžื™ืจ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื•ืš ืงืžืื™ ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฆื—ื•ืช ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืฉื ื” (ืงื ื™ื ื’,ื•) “ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืขืงืฉื™ื ืื•ืžืจ, ื–ืงื ื™ ืขื ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืžื–ืงื™ื ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืชืŸ ืžื˜ืจืคืช ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืื™ื•ื‘ ื™ื‘) ‘ืžืกื™ืจ ืฉืคื” ืœื ืืžื ื™ื ื•ื˜ืขื ื–ืงื ื™ื ื™ืงื—’. ืื‘ืœ ื–ืงื ื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ื ืŸ ื›ืŸ, ืืœื ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืžื–ืงื™ื ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืชืŸ ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉื) ‘ื‘ื™ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ืืจืš ื™ืžื™ื ืชื‘ื•ื ื”’.

ื•ื‘ื™ืืจ ืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™ ื”ื’ืจื”ื‘ ืงืžืื™ ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ: ื–ืงื ื™ ืขื ื”ืืจืฅ ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ืงืงื™ื ื•ื‘ืจื’ืข ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืื ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื ื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช, ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ืฉืชื ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื, ื•ืื– ื“ืขืชืŸ ืžืฉืชื‘ืฉืช ืขืœื™ื”ื ื•ื”ื ืื™ื ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ืœืคืกื•ืง.

ืื•ืœื ื–ืงื ื™ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืฉืœืžื“ื• ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื”, ื”ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื ืžืฉืชื ื™ืช ืœืขื•ืœื, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ ื›ืš ื”ื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื•ืžืขืžื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืชื—ืœืคื™ื ื•ื“ืขืชื ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœื™ื”ื.

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื

Maran Rosh Hayeshiva V'Av Bais Din Mir Hagaon Rebbi Eliyahu Baruch Kamai Ztvk"l

ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ืื‘”ื“ ืžื™ืจ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื•ืš ืงืžืื™ ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ
ื™”ื‘ ื‘ืชืžื•ื– ืชืจืข”ื–
ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ืื‘”ื“ ืžื™ืจ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื•ืš ืงืžืื™ ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ื™”ื˜ ื‘ืืœื•ืœ ืชืดืจ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื˜ืœื– ืœืื‘ื™ื• ื”ืจื”ืดื’ ืจืณ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื–ืฆืดืœ, ื ื›ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจืณ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื–ืฆืดืœ ืื—ื™ ื”ื’ืจ”ื, ื•ืœืืžื• ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ืช ืžืจืช ื—ื ื” ืข”ื” ื‘ืช ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื–ืฆืดืœ, ื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจืณ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืžื ื™ื™ืฉื˜ืื“ื˜.

ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ืœื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื˜ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืกืงื™ ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ ื•ืงืฉืชื” ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืœื‘ื“ื•, ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืฉื‘ืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ื’ื“ืœื”, ื ืงืจื ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืฉื™ืžืฉ ื›ืจื‘ ื‘ืฆ’ื›ื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืœื™ืžื™ืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”.

ืชืงื•ืคื” ืงืฆืจื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืจ”ืก, ื›ืืฉืจ ืจื‘ ื”ืขื™ื™ืจื” ืžื™ืจ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืื“ืจ”ืช ื–ืฆ”ืœ ืขืœื” ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื‘ื—ืจ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื•ืš ืœืฉืžืฉ ื’ื ื›ืจื‘ ื”ืขื™ื™ืจื” ืžื™ืจ.

ื“ืจืš ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืคืœืคื•ืœ ืขืฆื•ื. ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื• ื”ืขืžื•ืงื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื ืคืœื ืœืืžืจืช ื—ื–”ืœ “ืขื•ืงืจ ื”ืจื™ื ื•ืฉื•ื—ืงืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื””.

ื‘ื ื•, ืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืจื‘ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฆื‘ื™ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ืชื™ืืจ ืืช ื“ืจืฉื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ื• ืฉื ืืžืจื• ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžืกื™ื•ืžื™ ื”ืฉ”ืก ืฉืขืจืš, ื•ื–”ืœ: “ืคืขื ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืฉ”ืก ื”ื™ื• ืกื•ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืืช ื”ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืœื›ื• ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื•ื”ื•ื [ืžืจืŸ ื–ืฆ”ืœ] ื”ื™ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ, ื‘ื“ืจืฉืชื• ื”ื™ื” ืžื‘ื™ื ืจืื™ื” ืžืžืกื›ืช ืื—ืจ ืžืกื›ืช ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื”ืื ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืื• ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ. ื›ืš ืขื‘ืจื• ืฉื‘ืขืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ืžืฉืชื” ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื“ืจืฉ, ื›ืš ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืฉืชื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื•ืœื ื’ืžืจ ืืช ืคืœืคื•ืœื• ืจืง ืขื“ ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืฉ”ืก ื‘ืขืจืš.”

ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืจืข”ื–, ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื—ืœื” ืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ื‘ืจื’ืœื• ื•ื ืืœืฅ ืœื ืกื•ืข ืœืขื™ื™ืจื” ืžื™ื ืกืง ืœื—ืคืฉ ืžื–ื•ืจ ืœืžื—ืœืชื•. ืืš ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื ืคื˜ืจ ืฉื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ืดื‘ ื‘ืชืžื•ื–. ืฉื ื ื˜ืžืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืืœืคื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ืขื•ืœื ืœื™ื•ื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื“ืจื›ื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”.

ืช. ื . ืฆ. ื‘. ื”.

ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืœื›ื”

Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shpitzer Shlita

ื—ืงืช ื‘ืœืง

ื˜ื•ืžืืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื

ื“ื ื• ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื›ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืก ืขื ืžืช. ื•ืข’ ืื’”ืž ื—”ื‘ ืงืก”ื“ ื“ืžื˜ื•ืก ื ืขืฉื” ืžืืœื•ืžื™ื ื•ื ื•ืก”ืœ ื“ืื™ื ื• ืžืชื›ืช ื•ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื”, ื•ืจืื™ื” ืžืฉืฉื” ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ื›ืื—ื“ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืืš ืืช ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ื•ื›ื•’ ืืœืžื ื›ืœ ืฉืœื ื ื–ื›ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืžืชื›ืช. ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื‘ืฉื ื”ื’ืจื™”ืฉ ืฉื“ื—ื” ื“ืฉื ื”ื™ื” ืžืขืฉื” ืฉื”ื™ื”.

ื•ืข’ ืจืฉ”ื™ ืจ”ื” ื™”ื˜ ืข”ื‘ ื“ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื‘ืœ ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื“ืœื ื ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง, ื•ื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืžื–ื” ืจ’ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ื“ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ืœื ื ื–ื›ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืžืชื›ืช, ื•ื“ื—ื” ื”ื’ืจื™”ืฉ ื“ืจืง ื‘ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืž”ืž ืœื ื ื–ื›ืจ ืฉื, ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืจืฉ”ื™.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืžืœื‘ื“ ืืœื•ืžื™ื ื•ื, ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื‘ื•ืจื’ื™ื ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืก ื•ื”ื ืžืžืชื›ืช ืจื’ื™ืœ. ืื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ืชื•ืœื” ื‘ืจื•ื‘, ื•ืข’ ื›ืœื™ื ืคื™”ื ืž”ื“. ืืžื ื ื›ืืŸ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื’ื™ื ื”ื ืžืขืžื™ื“ ื•ืข’ ื‘ื–ื” ืค”ืช ืจ”ื ืœ”ื‘ ื‘ืฉื ื—”ืก, ื•ืข”ืข ืค”ืช ืงืฆ”ื— ื™”ื˜. ื•ืข’ ืžื—’ ื”ื˜”ื– ื•ื ืงื•ื””ื› ืฉืข”ื ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื“ืœืช ื•ื‘ืจื–ืœ, ื•ื ืงื•ื””ื› ืžืงื™ืœ, ื•ื“ื ื• ืื™ ื˜ืขืžื• ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืื—ืจ ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืงืจืงืข ืื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืจืง ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœื“ืœืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืงื‘ืœ ื˜ื•ืžืื”. ื•ืข’ ื—ืœืงืช ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืง”ื› ื ”ื— ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืจ”ื.

ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืื’”ืž ื“ื ื• ืขื•ื“ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ื›ืœื™, ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืื”ืœื•ืช ืค”ื” ืž”ื• ื“ื›ืœื™ ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ื ื™ื.

ื•ืขื•ื“ ื”ืขื™ืจื• ื‘ื–ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื‘ืœ ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื”ืจื™ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ืื”ืœ ื–ืจื•ืง. ื•ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ื—ื–ื•”ื ื ื–ื™ืจ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืžื˜ื•ืก.

ื•ื”ืžืงื™ืœื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืฉื•”ืž ื“ืžื˜ื•ืก ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ืื”ืœ ื–ืจื•ืง, (ืžื™ื”ื• ืงืฉื” ื“ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื“ืŸ ืฉื ืื’”ืž ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืื—ืจ ืœื”ืงืœ ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืžื˜ื•ืก ื”ื•ื™ ืื”ืœ ื–ืจื•ืง ืข”ืฉ), ืื• ื›ืฉื‘ื•”ื™ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืื”ืœ ื–ืจื•ืง ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžืฆื•ื”, ืื• ื›ืกื‘ืจืช ืชืคื”ื™ ืื”ืœื•ืช ื—’ ื™’ ื“ืจืง ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ืขืžื™ื ืœื ืžื”ื ื™ ืื”ืœ ื–ืจื•ืง, ืื• ื›ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืขืค”ื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ ื‘ืขืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™”ืฃ ื–’ ืข”ื‘ ื“ืื ื™ืฉ ื˜ืคื— ืžื”ื ื™ ืื”ืœ ื–ืจื•ืง ืื• ื›ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืžื”ืจื™ืœ”ื“ ื“ืื ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื‘ืœ ื˜ื•ืžืื” ืื– ื’ื ืื”ืœ ื–ืจื•ืง ืฉืžื™ื” ืื”ืœ.

ื•ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืืช”ืœ ืืœื•ืžื™ื ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืชื›ืช ื”ื› ืžืงื•ื ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืก ื”ื•ื ืฆืžื™ื“ ืคืชื™ืœ ื•ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ืื ื ืขืฉื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœ ื˜ื•ืžืื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ื ื• ื—ืจืก ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืค”ื™ ืž”ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืž’ ืกืื” ื›ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืคื™’ ื”ืจื”ืฉ ืื”ืœื•ืช ืค”ื˜ ืž”ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืื”ืœ ื–ืจื•ืง ื›ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื›”ื” ืข”ื ื•ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื—ื–ื•”ื ื ื–ื™ืจ ืื•ืช ื“’.

ื•ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืœื›ื” ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืžื•ืจื” ื”ืœื›ื”.

ืืช ื•ื”ื‘ ื‘ืกื•ืคื”

Hagaon Harav Yitzchok Hacohen Hellman Shlita

ื ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื ืžืกืจ ืœื™ื“ื™ื ื• ืข”ื™ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ย ื™ืฆื—ืง ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ืœืžืŸ ืฉืœื™ื˜”ื

ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืฉืข”ื–

ืœืื—ื™ ื•ืจืขื™ ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืžื™ืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ื”ืžืขื˜ื™ืจื” ืฉืœืžื›ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉื’ื” ืžืื“.ย 

ื.ย ย ย ย  “ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื™ืืžืจ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”’ ืืช ื•ื”ื‘ ื‘ืกื•ืคื” ื•ื’ื•'”.

ื•ื‘ื’ืž’ (ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืœ’ ื‘’) ืื™ืชื ืข”ื– “ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจ ืื‘ื ืืคื™’ ื”ืื‘ ื•ื‘ื ื• ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืชืœืžื™ื“ื• ืฉืขื•ืกืงื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉืขืจ ืื—ื“ ื ืขืฉื™ื ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื” ื•ืื™ื ื ื–ื–ื™ื ืžืฉื ืขื“ ืฉื ืขืฉื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ‘ืืช ื•ื”ื‘ ื‘ืกื•ืคื”’ ืืœ ืชืงืจื™ ื‘ืกื•ืคื” ืืœื ื‘ืกื•ืคื””, ืขื›”ืœ. ื•ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืœื ืขืฉื™ื ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื–ืœ”ื– ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืช’ ื‘ื’ืž’ (ื‘”ืง ืก”ื” ื‘’) ื›ืฉื ื—ืœืงื• ืฉื ืฉื ื™ ืž”ื“ ื‘ื’ืž’ “ื”ืœ ืจื—ืžื ื ื ื™ืฆืœืŸ ืžื”ืื™ ื“ืขืชื ื”ืœ ืื“ืจื‘ื” ืจื—ืžื ื ื ื™ืฆืœืŸ ืžื“ืขืชื ื“ื™ื“ืš” ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื“ืขืช ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื™ื ืกื›ื ื” ืžืžืฉ ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื”ืงื‘”ื” ื™ืฆื™ืœื• ืžื–ื” ื›ื™ ื–ื• ื˜ืขื•ืช, ืืžื ื ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื”ื›ืจืขื” ื•ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืืžืช ืฉื ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืขืฉื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื–ืœ”ื–, ื•ืื“ืจื‘ื” ืื– ื”ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืื—ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื›ืžื•ืฉ”ื› ืจืฉ”ื™ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืž’ (ื‘”ืž ืœ”ื’ ื’) ืฉื›ืช’ ื“ืช”ื— ืฉื‘ื‘ื‘ืœ ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื–ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ื–ื” ื•ื–”ืœ “ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ื”ืž”ื“ ื™ื—ื“ ื•ืžืงืฉื™ืŸ ื•ืžืคืจืงื™ืŸ ื•ื›ื•ืœื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื–ื” ืžื–ื””.

ืืžื ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืžื” ื ืืžืจื” ื“ืจืฉื” ื–ื• ื‘’ืกืคืจ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”’ ืฉื”ื•ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื›ืžื•ืฉ”ื› ืจืฉ”ื™ ืฉื, ื•ื‘ืจืžื‘”ืŸ ืฉื ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉ ืกืคืจ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืจื•ืฉืžื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช, ื•ืžื” ืœื–ื” ื•ืœืื•ืคืŸ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

ื•ื ืจืื” ื“ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืขื™ืŸ ืžืฉ”ื› ื‘ื’ืž’ (ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ืก”ื’ ื’) “ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ืจืขื ื•ืช ื‘ืื” ืœืขื•ืœื ืืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ”, ื•ืื ืžืœื—ืžืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• “ืืช ื•ื”ื‘ ื‘ืกื•ืคื”” ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžื–ื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืžืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืขืฆืžื, ืง”ื• ื”ื•ื ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืื ื ืœื—ื•ื ืืช ืžืœื—ืžืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืจืื•ื™, ืฉื•ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช.

ืื•ื”ื‘ื›ื ื•ื™ื“ื™ื“ื›ื

ื™ืฆื—ืง ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ืœืžืŸย 

ื‘. ืค’ ื—ืงืช ื›, ื “ื•ื™ื‘ืื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื’ื•’ ื•ืชืžืช ืฉื ืžืจื™ื ื•ืชืงื‘ืจ ืฉื”.

ื›ืช’ ื‘ืคืจืฉ”ื™ ื‘ืค’ ื•ื–ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” (ืœ”ื’ ื—’ ื“”ื” ืชืจื™ื‘ื”ื• ื•ื›ื•’) ื•ื–”ืœ: “ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ, ืชืจื™ื‘ื”ื• ืขืœ ืžื™ ืžืจื™ื‘ื”, ื ืกืชืงืคืช ืœื• ืœื‘ื•ื ื‘ืขืœื™ืœื”, ืื ืžืฉื” ืืžืจ ‘ืฉืžืขื• ื ื ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื’ ืื”ืจืŸ ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื” ืขืฉื•”, ืขื›”ืœ. ื•ืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ืกืคืจื™ ืฉื. ื”ื ื” ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืกืคืจื™ ื“ืžืจื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขืชื™ื“ื” ืœื™ื›ื ืก ืœืืจืฅ, ืจืง ืฉื ื’ื–ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ืฉืœื ืœื™ื›ื ืก ืžื—ืžืช ื—ื˜ื, ื•ืจืง ืฉืœื ื ืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ื—ื˜ื ื—ื˜ืื” ืฉื ื’ื–ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ืฉืœื ืœื™ื›ื ืก ืœืืจืฅ.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืืจ ืžื”ื• ืžืงื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืกืคืจื™ ื“ืžืจื™ื ืžืชื” ื•ืœื ื ื›ื ืกื” ืœืืจืฅ ืžื—ืžืช ื—ื˜ื ื•ืœื ืžื—ืžืช ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžื ื” ืœืžื•ืช, ื“ื‘ืฉืœืžื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื”ืจืŸ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืœื”ืœืŸ (ื›’ ื™”ื‘) “ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”’ ืืœ ืžืฉื” ื•ืืœ ืื”ืจืŸ ื™ืขืŸ ืœื ื”ืืžื ืชื ื‘ื™ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉื ื™ ื•ื’ื•'”. ื•ืข”ื– ื›ืช’ ื‘ืกืคืจื™ ืฉื ืฉื”ืงื‘”ื” ื‘ื ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืขืœื™ืœื” ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืขื ืฉื• ืขืœ ื—ื˜ื ืื—ืจ. ืืžื ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืจื™ื ื”ืœื ื ืคื˜ืจื” ืงื•ื“ื ืžืขืฉื” ืžื™ ืžืจื™ื‘ื”, ื“ื”ืจื™ ืžื—ืžืช ืคื˜ื™ืจืชื” ื ืกืชืœืง ื”ื‘ืืจ ื•ื ืฉืชืœืฉืœ ืžื–ื” ืžืขืฉื” ืžื™ ืžืจื™ื‘ื”, ื•ื”ื› ืžื”ื• ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื“ื ืขื ืฉื” ืžืจื™ื ื›ืœืœ ื”ืœื ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžื ื” ืœื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื.

ื•ื ืจืื” ืœื‘ืืจ ื‘ื–ื” ื“ื”ื ื” ืงืฉื” ื”ืœื ื’ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื›ืช’ ื‘ืคืจืฉ”ื™ ื‘ืค’ ื•ื™ืœืš ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•’ ‘ื‘ืŸ ืžืื” ื•ืขืฉืจื™ื ืฉื ื” ืื ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ื’ื•’ ื•ื›ืช’ ืฉื ื‘ืจืฉ”ื™ (ื“”ื” ืื ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื) ื–”ืœ “ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืœืื• ื™ืžื™ ื•ืฉื ื•ืชื™ ื•ื›ื•'”, ืขื›”ืœ. ื”ืจื™ ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžื ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืœื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžื—ืžืช ืฉืžืœืื• ื™ืžื™ื•. [ื•ืื™ืชื ื ืžื™ ื‘ืชื ื ื“ื‘ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืจื‘ื” ืคื˜”ื– ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•’ ื‘ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ‘ื•ื”ื™ื• ื™ืžื™ื• ืžืื” ื•ืขืฉืจื™ื ืฉื ื”’ ื“ืฉื ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ื ืžืื” ื•ืขืฉืจื™ื ืฉื ื”]. ื•ืœื›ื’ ื”ืœื ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื™ื›ื ืก ืœืืจืฅ ื•ืจืง ืžื—ืžืช ืžื™ ืžืจื™ื‘ื” ื ื’ื–ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืœื ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืืจืฅ.

ืืœื ื“ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืขืค”ื™ ืžืฉ”ื› ื‘ื’ืž’ (ืชืขื ื™ืช ื˜’) ื“ืžืฉื” ืื”ืจืŸ ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ื ืฉืœืฉื” ืคืจื ืกื™ื ืฉืขืžื“ื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ – ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื, ื•ื ืงืจืื• ื‘ืคืกื•’ ‘ืฉืœืฉืช ื”ืจื•ืขื™ื’. ื•ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื›ื” (ืžื™ื›ื” ื•’ ื“’) “ื•ืืฉืœื— ืœืคื ื™ืš ืืช ืžืฉื” ืื”ืจืŸ ื•ืžืจื™ื” ื•ื‘ืจืฉ”ื™ ืฉื ืžื‘ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื•ื–”ืœ “ืžืฉื” ืœืืœืคื ืžืกื•ืจืช ื“ื™ื ื™ืŸ, ืื”ืจืŸ ืœื›ืคืจื ืขืœ ืขืžื, ื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืื•ืจืื” ืœื ืฉื™ื, ืขื›”ืœ “. [ื‘ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื ื“ืืฆืœ ืžืฉื” ื ืงื˜ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ‘ืœืืœืคื’ ื›ื™ ื–ื”ื• ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื”. ืืžื ื ืืฆืœ ืžืจื™ื ื ืงื˜ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ‘ืœืื•ืจืื”’ ื›ื™ ื–ื”ื• ืœื ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ื ืื™ื ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืช”ืช ืืœื ืจืง ืžืฆื“ ื”ื•ืจืื” ืฉื™ื“ืขื• ืื™ืš ืœืงื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช]. ื”ืจื™ ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ืžืฉื” ืื”ืจืŸ ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืฉืœืฉืช ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ.

ื•ืœืคื™”ื– ืžื‘ื•ืืจื™ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื“ืžืฉื” ืื”ืจืŸ ื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ื ืคื˜ืจื• ื›ื•ืœื ื›ืฉืžืœืื• ื™ืžื™ื”ื ืœืžื•ืช, ืืœื ื“ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ื™ืžื™ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืฉื ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืจืฅ, ื•ืข”ื– ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืฉืžื—ืžืช ื”ื—ื˜ื ืœื ื™ื›ื ืกื• ืœืืจืฅ ื•ืœื ื™ื ื”ื™ื’ื• ืืช ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืœื ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื™ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืจืฅ. ื•ื–ื”ื• ืžืงื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืกืคืจื™ ื”ื ”ืœ ื“ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืžืจื™ื ื ืคื˜ืจื” ืžื—ืžืช ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžื ื”, ืืœื ื“ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื˜ื ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืžืฆื“ ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื” ื•ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืืจืฅ, ื•ืข”ื› ืžื•ื›ืจื— ืฉื ืคื˜ืจื” ืžื—ืžืช ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื˜ื ืฉืœื ื ืชืคืจืฉ ืžื”ื•.

ื’. ืฉื “ื•ืชืžืช ืฉื ืžืจื™ื”.

ื”ื ื” ื›ืช’ ืœืขื™ืœ ืฉืœื ื ืชืคืจืฉ ื—ื˜ืื” ืฉืœ ืžืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื” ื ื’ื–ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ืฉืœื ืชื™ื›ื ืก ืœืืจืฅ. ืืžื ื ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืœื‘ืืจ ื‘ื–ื” ื“ื”ื ื” ืื™ืชื ื‘ื’ืž’ (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืงื™”ื ื’) ื–”ืœ “ื•ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื ืขื ืฉ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ย  ืฉื ื’ ‘ื•ืžืื– ื‘ืืชื™ ืืœ ืคืจืขื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืžืš ื”ืจืข ืœืขื ื”ื–ื” ื•ื’ื•’, ื”ืœ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื—ื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื“ืื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ืžืฉืชื›ื—ื™ืŸ ื•ื›ื•’ ื•ื›ื•’ ‘ืขืชื” ืชืจืื” ืืฉืจ ืืขืฉื” ืœืคืจืขื”’ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ืคืจืขื” ืืชื” ืจื•ืื” ื•ืื™ ืืชื” ืจื•ืื” ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ืฉืœืฉื™ื ื•ืื—ื“ ืžืœื›ื™ื”, ืขื›”ืœ. ื•ื”ื•”ื“ ื‘ืจืฉ”ื™ ื‘ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉื (ื•’ ื’).

ื•ืœื›ื’ ืชืžื•ื” ื”ืœื ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›’ ื™”ื‘) ืฉื ืขื ืฉ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ืžื™ ืžืจื™ื‘ื” ื•ืข”ื› ืœื ื ื›ื ืก ืœืืจืฅ ื•ืœื›ื’ ื”ืœื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืงื•ื“ื ื ื’ื–ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืฉืœื ืœื™ื›ื ืก ืœืืจืฅ.

ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืืจ ืขืค”ื™ ืžื” ืฉื›ืช’ ืžืจืŸ ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื• “ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ” (ืฉืขืจ ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื” ืค”ื’) ื‘ืฉื ื‘ืขืœ “ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช” (ืฉืขืจ ื”ื›ื ื™ืขื” ืค”ื–) ื“ืžื™ ืฉืžืกืคืจ ืœืฉื””ืจ ืขืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื–ื›ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ืื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืžืžื ื• ื•ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืœืžื™ ืฉืกื™ืคืจ ื‘ื’ื ื•ืชื•, ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ื™ืคื•ืš ื“ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืžืกืคืจ ืขืœื™ื•.

ืืฉืจ ืœืคื™”ื– ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืจื™ื ื•ืื”ืจืŸ ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ืœืฉื””ืจ ืขืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืžื™ื“ ื ื–ืงืฃ ืœื—ื•ื‘ืชื ืžื” ืฉืืžืจ ืžืฉื” ‘ื•ืžืื– ื‘ืืชื™ ืืœ ืคืจืขื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืžืš ื”ืจืข ืœืขื ื”ื–ื”’, ื•ื ืคื˜ืจ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืžื”ืขื•ื ืฉ ืขืœ ื–ื”, ื•ื”ื› ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ืงื•’ ื‘ืื—ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื ืขื ืฉ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืขืœ ืžื™ ืžืจื™ื‘ื” ื›ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืคื˜ืจ ืžืขื•ื ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื›ื ”ืœ, ื•ืžืจื™ื ื•ืื”ืจืŸ ื ืขื ืฉื• ืžื—ืžืช ืื•ืชื• ืขื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ‘ื•ืžืื– ื‘ืืชื™ ื•ื›ื•'” ืฉื ื–ืงืฃ ืœื—ื•ื‘ืชื ื•ื“ื•ืง.

ื“. ืฉื ื›, ื›ื˜ “ื•ื™ื‘ื›ื• ืืช ืื”ืจืŸ ืฉืœืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ”.

ื•ื‘ืจืฉ”ื™ ืฉื ื“”ื” ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื–”ืœ: “ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ื ืฉื™ื. ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื”ืจืŸ ืจื•ื“ืฃ ืฉืœื•ื, ื•ืžื˜ื™ืœ ืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืจื™ื‘ื”, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืœืืฉืชื•”, ืขื›”ืœ.

ื•ื–”ืœ ื”ื’ืž’ ื‘ืžืก’ ื›ืœื” ืจื‘ืชื™ ืค”ื’: “ืฉื›ืš ื”ื™ืชื” ืื•ืžื ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื”ืจืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง, ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ืžืข ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืจื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืœืš ืืฆืœ ื”ืื—ื“ ื•ื›ื•’ ืžื” ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืžื•ืจื™ ื›ืืŸ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืœื• ืคืœื•ื ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืš ืฉื’ืจื ื™ ืืฆืœืš ืฉื’ืจื ื™ ืืฆืœืš ืœืคื™ื™ืกืš ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืืžืจ ืื ื™ ืกืจื—ืชื™ ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื•ื›ื•’ ื•ื”ืœืš ืืฆืœ ื”ืื—ืจ ื•ืืžืจ ืœื• ื›ืŸ, ืคื’ืขื• ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื–ื” ื™ืžื—ื•ืœ ืœื™ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืกืจื—ืชื™ ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื–ื” ื›ืŸ”, ืขื›”ืœ.

ื•ืœื›ื’ ื™ืคืœื ื”ืœื ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ืชืคื™ื™ืกื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ืื™ืฉ ืขื ืจืขื”ื• ื”ืื ืืžืช ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœื— ืืช ืื”ืจืŸ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ื•ื™ืชื‘ืจืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ื•ืœื ื ื‘ืจื ื•ื™ื—ื–ืจื• ืœืžืจื™ื‘ืชื ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืฉืืช, ื•ืžื” ื”ื•ืขื™ืœ ืื”ืจืŸ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืคื™ื™ืก ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื.

ืืžื ื ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื“ืœืžื“ื ื• ืžืื”ืจืŸ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื“ื‘ืืžืช ื›ืœ ืžืจื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ืžื” ื‘ื›ืš, ื•ืจืง ื›ืขืก ื”ืžืจื™ื‘ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ื ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชืคื™ื™ืก, ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ืชืคื™ื™ืกื• ื•ื ื— ื›ืขืกื ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื™ืจื™ื‘ื• ื’ื ืื ื ืชื‘ืจืจ ืœื”ื ืฉืœื ืจืฆื• ืœืคื™ื™ืก ืื—ื“ ืืช ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืคืœื.

ืขื•ื“ ืื™ืชื ื‘ืื‘ื•ืช ื“ืจ”ื  (ืคื™”ื‘ ื“’) ื–”ืœ: “ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืืœืคื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื ืงืจืื• ืฉืžื ืื”ืจืŸ, ืฉืืœืžืœื ืื”ืจืŸ ืœื ื‘ื ื–ื” ืœืขื•ืœื, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื™ื ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืœืืฉืชื• ื•ืžื–ื“ื•ื•ื’ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืขื ื–ื” ื•ื”ื™ื• ืงื•ืจื™ืŸ ืฉื ื”ื™ืœื•ื“ ืขืœ ืฉืžื•”, ืขื›”ืœ.ย  ื•ืœื›ื’ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืœื ื‘ื–ื” ืžื˜ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื•ืฉื” ืขืœ ืื•ืชื• ื™ืœื“ ืœืขื•ืœื ื›ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื“ืขื• ื›ื•ืœื ืฉืื‘ื™ื• ื•ืืžื• ื”ื™ื• ืžืจื™ื‘ื™ื ื–ื” ืขื ื–ื”.

ื•ื ืจืื” ื“ื”ืืžืช ื‘ื–ื” ื“ืžื“ืช “ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘” ืžืฉืจืฉื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจ ื”ื’ืจ”ื— ืฉืžื•ืœืื‘ื™ืฅ ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ ื“”ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘” ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื‘ื”ืŸ. ื•ื›ื“ืื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื• ืœืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ืœื“ ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื‘ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืœืžื“ ืขืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื” ืื”ืจืŸ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืœืื‘ื™ื• ื•ืืžื• ื•ื’ื ืœื•.

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Harav Hagaon Shmuel Friedman Shlita

The Parashah of Emunah

Parashas Chukas-Balak

Harav Hagaon Shmuel Friedman shlita

Balak invites Bilam, who was a navi for the nations of the world, to curse Klal Yisrael, and in the end he prophesies about the maalos of Klal Yisrael. The Gemara (Berachos 12b) teaches that Chazal wanted to establish Parashas Balak as part of Krias Shema, so that we would recite this parashah every day, but they did not include it because then Krias Shema would become too long and burdensome to recite.

The Gemara goes on to ask why Chazal wanted to include Parashas Balak in Krias Shema, and answers that it is because this parashah mentions Yetzias Mitzrayim, as it says: ืึตืœ ืžื•ึนืฆึดื™ืึธื ืžึดืžึดึผืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื. If so, the Gemara wonders, why arenโ€™t the parashiyos of ribbis and weights โ€” which also mention Yetzias Mitzrayim, and are shorter and easier to recite โ€” included in Krias Shema as well? The Gemara then gives a different reason why Parashas Balak should be included: because it contains the passuk ื›ึธึผืจึทืข ืฉึธืื›ึทื‘ ื›ึทึผืึฒืจึดื™ ื•ึผื›ึฐืœึธื‘ึดื™ื ืžึดื™ ื™ึฐืงึดื™ืžึถื ึผื•ึผ, which is similar to the phrase ื•ึผื‘ึฐืฉึธืื›ึฐื‘ึฐึผืšึธ ื•ึผื‘ึฐืงื•ึผืžึถืšึธ. Rashi there explains that Hakadosh Baruch Hu watches over us when we go to sleep and wake up, so we lie in our beds relaxed and calm, just as a lion goes to sleep with no fear, completely relaxed.

The Pnei Yehoshua explains that the reason Chazal wanted to include Parashas Balak in Krias Shema is expressed in the passuk in this weekโ€™s haftarah that states, ืขึทืžึผึดื™ ื–ึฐื›ึธืจ ื ึธื ืžึทื” ื™ึผึธืขึทืฅ ื‘ึผึธืœึธืง ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืžื•ึนืึธื‘. This conveys that we are supposed to remember the episode of Bilam and Balak. In fact, Sephardim recite ten daily zechiros, not just the six that Ashkenazim say, and one of these is this zechirah of Balak and Bilam. Some say that the reason that Ashkenazim donโ€™t mention this as a separate zechirah is that we already remind ourselves of this episode at the beginning of our tefillah, as we say Bilamโ€™s words, ืžึทื” ื˜ึผึนื‘ื•ึผ ืึนื”ึธืœึถื™ืšึธ ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ืžึดืฉืึฐื›ึผึฐื ึนืชึถื™ืšึธ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ.

Still, we need to understand what is so special about this parashah of Balak and Bilam that it bears constant remembrance. True, it highlights Hashemโ€™s protection of us, which enables us to be relaxed, but why is it more significant than any other parashah in the Torah?

Why No Mitzvos?

Another interesting feature of Parashas Balak is that it contains no mitzvos, unlike most of the parashiyos that follow Mattan Torah. Why is that?

The Chasam Sofer has a teshuvah (Yoreh Deah, end of vol. 2, siman 356) in which he makes a fascinating observation about this weekโ€™s parashah. Every event described in the Torah, from the time of Adam Harishon, was witnessed by people, who then recounted these events to their children. Adam Harishon gave over to his children what he had seen, and these traditions were handed down through the generations; Yaakov, for instance, learned under Shem ben Noach.

The Ramban, in his derashos, also writes that the events described in the Torah โ€” the Mabul, the story of Dor Haflagah, and so on โ€” were passed down from generation to generation. A yesod of emunah is that a father does not lie to his child. This is true in all generations, as we see that even people who tried to hide their Yiddishkeit from their children divulged this information right before their passing, informing their children that they were really Jewish, because they didnโ€™t want to die with a lie.

This principle that parents transmit the truth to their children relates to every detail in the Torah โ€” but there is one parashah that we have no way of corroborating, as we were not witness to these events: Parashas Balak. We did not see or hear what happened on that mountain between Balak and Bilam. We donโ€™t have direct knowledge of what words they spoke, how many mizbeichos they build, what they were planning, and how many times they tried to curse us. Even Moshe Rabbeinu didnโ€™t know what they were doing! We know about this episode only from the mouth of Hakadosh Baruch Hu.

Perhaps this insight of the Chasam Sofer sheds further light on why Chazal considered including Parashas Balak in Krias Shema. This parashah contains the yesodos of emunah that apply to the entire Torah, for although we have no witnesses to what happened in Parashas Balak, we know that it is Torah min hashamayim, since the Ribbono Shel Olam informed us of what happened. Furthermore, this parashah teaches us that Hashem watches over us in every situation, whether we know it or not, and we have to thank and praise Him for that and be relaxed and calm, knowing that He is protecting us, as reflected in the passuk ื›ึธึผืจึทืข ืฉึธืื›ึทื‘ ื›ึทึผืึฒืจึดื™ ื•ึผื›ึฐืœึธื‘ึดื™ื ืžึดื™ ื™ึฐืงึดื™ืžึถื ึผื•ึผ.

Maybe the absence of any mitzvah in this weekโ€™s parashah is coming to emphasize the unique chashivus of the parashah, in light of these yesodos of emunah it contains.

Thanking for the Unknown

The passuk says ื”ื•ึนื“ื•ึผ ืœึทื”’ ืงึดืจึฐืื•ึผ ื‘ึดึผืฉึฐืืžื•ึน ื”ื•ึนื“ึดื™ืขื•ึผ ื‘ึธืขึทืžึดึผื™ื ืขึฒืœึดื™ืœื•ึนืชึธื™ื•, implying that thereโ€™s a special praise that the nations of the world give to Hakadosh Baruch Hu. Thatโ€™s because they know what they tried to do to Klal Yisrael, even when we donโ€™t.

Another passuk states: ืœึฐืขึนืฉึตื‚ื” ื ึดืคึฐืœึธืื•ึนืช ื’ึฐึผื“ึนืœื•ึนืช ืœึฐื‘ึทื“ึผื•ึน. What does it mean that Hashem performs great wonders ืœึฐื‘ึทื“ึผื•ึน, alone? Doesnโ€™t He do everything alone? The Gemara (Niddah 31) says, ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื ืก ืื™ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื ืก. The Chasam Sofer explains that He performs many of these wonders without the knowledge of the recipient; we canโ€™t possibly recognize all that the Ribbono Shel Olam does for us.

The Alshich makes a similar point in his interpretation of the passuk (Tehillim 32:7) ืึทืชึธึผื” ืกึตืชึถืจ ืœึดื™ ืžึดืฆึทึผืจ ืชึดึผืฆึฐึผืจึตื ึดื™ ืจึธื ึตึผื™ ืคึทืœึตึผื˜ ืชึฐึผืกื•ึนื‘ึฐื‘ึตื ึดื™ ืกึถืœึธื”. He notes that some people praise Hashem only when they experience some kind of tzarah and are saved from it, but there is a higher level of praising Hashem, and that is when a person praises Him even without having undergone a tzarah. Such a person doesnโ€™t even know what Hashem protected him from, yet he nevertheless praises Hashem. The meaning of Dovid Hamelechโ€™s words, then, is:ืึทืชึธึผื” ืกึตืชึถืจ ืœึดื™ ย โ€” even when things are hidden from me, and I donโ€™t see the tzarah before my eyes, I will ask Hashem, to protect me from hardship โ€”ืžึดืฆึทึผืจ ืชึดึผืฆึฐึผืจึตื ึดื™ . I may not see Hashemโ€™s wonders in this regard, but ืจึธื ึตึผื™ ืคึทืœึตึผื˜, I will nevertheless thank Him and praise Him for these unknown salvations that surround me โ€” ืชึฐึผืกื•ึนื‘ึฐื‘ึตื ึดื™ ืกึถืœึธื”.

He adds that this principle applies to ruchniyus as well: Often, a person faces a nisayon and receives help from the Ribbono Shel Olam, so he thanks Him. But what about all the times that Hakadosh Baruch Hu spared him from the nisayon in the first place, and he was able to perform his avodas Hashem without challenge?

In summary, Parashas Balak contains a tremendous lesson for us regarding belief in Torah min hashamayim, being the only parashah whose events we know of solely because the Ribbono Shel Olam revealed them to us. It also teaches us how the Ribbono Shel Olam watches over us in every situation, protecting us from the nations and from anyone who wants to harm us.

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