ืืืจื ืจืืืชืื ื
Finkel, Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Nosson Tzvi ztโl
ืืืืจืื ืืืงื ื ืืขืื ื ืื ื ืืช (ืื, ืื)
ืืืจืืจ ืืงืื ืฉื ืฆืืืง – ืืขืฉืจืช ืืืืจืืช
ืขืฉืจ ืคืขืืื ืืืืืจื “ืื ื ืืช” ืืคืจืฉื, ืืืจืฉื ืื”ื (ืืจืืฉืืช ืจืื ื ื,ื) “ืืืจ ืจ’ ืืืขืืจ ืืื ืืืืช ืืฉืชืคืืืช, ืืื ืงืืืืืกืื ืืฉืชืืจืื, ืืื ืืืชืื ืื ื ืืช. ืขืฉืจื ืคืขืืื ืืชืื ืื ื ืืช ืื ืื ืขืฉืจืช ืืืืจืืช, ืืืืื ืฉืื ืื ืฉืืื ืืืจืจ ืืงืื ืฉื ืฆืืืง ืืืืื ืืงืืื ืขืฉืจืช ืืืืจืืช”.
ืืืฉ ืืืืื, ืื ืืืขืื ืืืืืืืช ืืืืจืืจ ืืงืื ืฉื ืฆืืืง.
ืืืืจ ืืจื ืจืืฉ ืืืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืจื ื ืชื ืฆืื ืคืื ืงื ืืฆืืื”ื ืืฉืืืชื ืืื ื ืืืฉืืื: ืื ื ืืืฉืจ ืืฆืืืง ืืงืืื ืืงื, ืืจื ืืืื ืืื ืืืฉื ืืืืืง ืืืขืชื ืื ืคืจื ืืคืจื ืืืงื ืื ืฉืื ืชืืื ืื ืฉืื ืืขืืช, ืืขืืฉื ืืช ืืื ืืืชืื ืืช ืืืืฉืื ืืืขืช ืขื ืฉืืืฆืื ืืช ืืืงื ืื ืืคืืขื.
ืืืืจืจ ืืงืื ืฉื ืฆืืืง, ืืจื ืืื ืืืื ืืื ื ืืื ืืืืืช ืืืื ืฉื ืชืืจื, ืืื ืืงืืื ืืืขืฉืืช ืื ืื ืืื ืืื ืคืจื, ืืื ืืืืืืช ืืืืื ืืืขืืช ืืืฉืืื ืืช ืฉืื, ืืื ืืขืฉืืช ืืื ืืืืจืืจ ืืืงืืืง ืืืงืื ืฉื ืฆืืืง.
ืืืคืืื ืืืจื ืฉืื ืืืืจืจ ืืงืื ืฉื ืฆืืืง ืืจื ืืื “ืืืืื ืืงืืื ืขืฉืจืช ืืืืจืืช”, ืืืื ืฉืืืื ืืืจื ืืงื ืืช ืื ืืื ืืืืชืืช ืฉืขื ืืื ืชืชืงืืื ืื ืืชืืจื.
(ืฉืืืืช ืจืื ื ืชื ืฆืื, ืขื’ ืง”ื)
ืืืจื ืืืืื
Levinshtein, Maran Hamashgiach Hagaon Harav Yechezkel ztโl
ืืืฉ ืจืื ืจืืื ื ืืืืืืจ ืืืื
“ืืืืื ืืืืฉ ืืืืชื ืืืคืชื ืืช ืืืืืื” (ืื, ืื).
ืจืฉ”ื: ืืืคืชื – ืืชืืจ ืืื ืฉืืื, ืฉืืื ืกืืชื ืืช ืคืืื, ืฉืื ืืจืขื ืืฉืืืช ืืืจืื.
ืกืืคืจ ืืจื ืืืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืจื ืืืืงืื ืืืื ืฉืืืื ืืฆืืื”ื: ืคืขื ืงื ืชื ืืฉืชื ืฉื ืืืคืฅ ืืืื ืืฉืืชืคืืช ืขื ืฉืื ืชื ืื ืืืื. ืื ืกืืืื ืืื ืืื ืฉืืฉืืื ื ืชืืืข ืืืืช ืืืคืฅ ืืืื ืืื ืืืืงื ืืช ืืื ืืื ืืื.
ืฉืขืช ืืฆืืจืื ืืืจ ืืืืขื, ืืืืข ืืืื ืืืฉื ืืช ืืื ืืงืจืืช ืฉืืื ืฉื ืืืคืฅ ืืืื, ืื ืืฉืื ื ืื ืืืืขื. ืืฉืจืืชื ืืฉืช ืืืคืฅ ืืืื ืฉืืฉืขื ืืืืืจืช, ืืืืงื ืืช ืืื ืืืื. ืืช ืืืืง ืืืืื ืืืชืจ ืื ืืื ืขืืืจ ืืฉืื ื ืืืช ืืืืง ืืงืื ื ืืื ืืขืฆืื ืืืืืจื ืืืฉืื.
ืืฉืืืืข ืืืคืฅ ืืืื, ื ืื ืืช ืืืื, ืืืจื ืืืฆืข ืขื ืืคืช, ืืื ืืช ื”ืืืืช” ืืจืืฉืื, ืืื”ื ืืืจ ืืืจืื ืืงืืืฉ ืืขืช ืืกืขืืื ืืช ืืืืืจ ื”ื ืืชืืืื, ื’ ืจืืขื ืื ืืืกืจ.
ืืื ืชืืื ืืืืฉื ืืฉืชื ืืช ืืื ืืืืืฉื ืืฉืืืื. ืื ืืืคืฅ ืืืื ืื ืฉืช ืืื, ืืืืฉืื ืืืืืืช ืืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืจ ืืืจ ืขื ืืฉืืื.
ืื ื ืจ’ ืืืื, ืืฉื ืฉืืืื ืื ืจืื ืืืื ืืช ืืื ืฉืื ืืื ืืคื ืื, ืืื ืงืืจื ืืช ืืฆืืืช, ืื ืืืคืฅ ืืืื ืืกืื ืืช ืืฆืืืช ืืืคื ืื ืืืืฉืื ืืืืืืช ืืืื ืืืื.
ืืืื ืจ’ ืืืื, ืื ืื ืืืจ ืจืืง ืืื, ื ืื ืก ืืืืื ืืืืงืฉ ืืืื ืฉืชืกืคืจ ืืช ืื ืืืืจืขืืช ืืื ืืืืืขืื ืื. ืกืืคืจื ืื ืืืจืื ืืืืืืืชื, ืฉืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืื, ืืื ืงื ืชื ืืืชื ืืฉืืชืคืืช ืขื ืืฉืื ื, ืื ืืืืื ืฉืื ืื ืืืืขื, ืืืืงื ืืื ืืช ืืื ืืืื ืืืช ืืืืง ืืืืื ืืืชืืจื ืืฉืื ื…
ืขืชื ืืื ืืจืืจ ืืืืื, ืืืฉ ืืขืฆืื ืจ’ ืืืื, ืืื ืืืื ืคืกืืงื ืืื ืืฉืืืื ืขืจืื ืืืฉื ืืฉืคื ืืืืืช ืฉืืชืคืื ืกืืื ืงืข”ื ืกืขืืฃ ื”ื: “ืื ืื ืงืืขื ืืื ืืฉืืชืคืืช ืื ืฉืงืืขื ืื ืฉืื, ืืื ืืื ืืืืืง ืฉืื ืืืขืช ืืืจื, ืืืืง ืืคื ื ืฉืืฉื, ืืคืืื ืื ืืืืืืืช, ืืืืื ืฉืืืื ื ืืื ืื ืืืืืขืื ืืฉืืื, ืืื ืืืง ืืคืืืช ืืฉืืฉื ืื ืขืฉื ืืืื”.
ืืืื ืฉืื ืฉื ืขืฉื ืื ืืขืฉื ืืื, ืืื ืืื ื ืืืื ืืืืื. ืืืืืงื ืืื ื ืืืืงื, ืืืื ืืจื ืฉืืื ืืืืงื ืขืืืื ืืฉืื ื. ืืื ืืขื “ืืืฉื ื ืืจืืจื” ืืืฉื ืืืื?
ืืืกืืฃ ืืจื ืืืฉืืื ืืืืจ: ืขื ืืืฉืื ื ืืืจ “ืืืจืืื ืืืจืืช ืืฉื” (ืืฉืขืื ืื, ื), ืื ืืื ืฉื ืชืขืื ืืืื ืืจืืื ืืืช ืงืืื ืืืฉ ืจืื ืจืืื ื ืืืืื ืฉืขื ืคืื ื ืืชื ืืืืืื ืืขืืืจืืช ืื ืืืฆื ืจืืื ื ืื ืืืฉืฉ ืืื.
ืข”ืค ‘ืืืจืฉืช ืืืืช’
ืืฉืืืื ืืืื
Shpitzer, Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shlita
ืืื ืฉืจื
ืจืฉ”ื ื ืฉืื ืืืชืืื ืืคืืืืฉืื ืืื ืืชืืื
ืื ื ืืืคื ืืืื ืืฉืืฉืืช ืื ื ืืคืืกืงืื ืืืื ืชืืจืื ืืืชืื ืืืื ื ืคืฉื ืืฉ ืืฉืฉ ืืืงืื ืื ืืืืืจ. ืืข’ ืชืืก’ ืืืืื ื”ื ืข”ื ืืขืฉื ืงื ืื ืืืื ืืืืคื ืืืืื ืืืื ื, ืืืชืื ืืคืืกืงืื ืืขืฉืืช ืื ืืคื ื ืืืืคื ืื ืืชืงืืื ืืืฉื”ืฉ.
ืืข ืื ืืช ืฉืืื ื”ื ืง”ื ื”ื ืืขืืฉืื ืืชืื ืืืชืืื ืืืืช ืื ืืืื ืชื (ืืืืขื ืืื ืืื’ ืืชืืืื ืขืฉื ืื ืขืค”ื ืืจืืืช ืืืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืงืืืฉื ืฉืืจ, ืืฃ ืืืื”ื ืืื ืืืชืืื ืืฉืื).
(ืืืืืช ืืขื”ื ืืขืืจ ืืืืืฉ ืื ืื ืืืชืืื ืืืืชื ืืื ืืื ืืืชืื ืืคื ื ืืงืืืฉืื ืืฆืืืืช ืืจืช ืคืืื ืืช ืืื’ ืืขืืืื ืื ืขืฉืชื ืื).
ืืืขื”ื ืื”ื ืืืข”ื ื”ื ืง’ ื’ ืืฉื ืกื’ ืง”ื ืืกืืคื ืืืขื ืืืจ, ืืื ืืืืชื ืืื’ ืืืื ื ืืคื ื ืืืืคื ืืืื ื ืืืงื ืืืื ื ืฉืืชืื ืืชืืื ืืืจ ืืืจืืกืื ืืื ืืื ืืชืืื, ืืฉื”ื ืืื”ื.
ืืข’ ืงืืืฅ ืชืฉืืืืช ืืืจื”ืฉ ื”ื ืกื’ ืงืฆ”ื ืืืฉืื ืขื ืขืฆื ืื, ืื ืื ืืชื ืื ืืื ืขื ืื ืช ืืืื ืกื ืืขืืืื ืืื ืืืงืื, ืืข”ืฉ ืืฉื ืฉืืืืช ืฉืืื ื”ื ืข”ื ืืืชืืจ ืื ืืื”ื ืืื ืืืชื ืขื ืื ืช ืืืื ืกื, ืืื ืฉืืฉืื ืขืืื.
ืขืื ื' - ื ืืื ืืช ืืืชืืืืืช
Finkel, Maran Hamashgiach Hagaon Harav Binyomin Shlita
ืืคืจืฉืช ืืฉืืืข ืืฉ ืืืืื ืืืื ืืื ืขืื ื’, ืืืื ืขืืืืช, ื ืืื ืืช ืืืชืืืืืช, ืคืขืืืื ืืฉื ื ืื ืื ื ืืืืืจืื ืืช ืืขื ืื ืฉื ืขืืืืช, ืืจืืฉ ืืฉื ื – ืืงืื ื ืขืืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืจื ืืคื ื ืืืืืืืช ืืื ืฉืชืืืืืื ื ืขืืืื, ืืืคืกื ืืืืจืช ืื ืขืื ืืืืช ืืืจืฅ ืืฆืจืื, ืืฆืจืื ืืืืืจ ืืืช ืื ืืฉื ื ืฉืื ืื ื ืขืืื ื’.
ืืกืคืจื ืคืจืฉืช ืืืชืื ื ืืืชื, ืืฉ ืฉืงืจื ืขืฆืื ืขืื ืืืงืืดื ืงืจืื ืขืื ืืืฉ ืฉืงืจื ืขืฆืื ืขืื ืืืงืืดื ืื ืงืจืื ืขืื, ืืืฉ ืฉืื ืงืจื ืขืฆืื ืขืื ืืืงืืดื ืงืจืื ืขืื, ืืืจืื ืงืจื ืขืฆืื ืขืื, ืฉื ืืืจ ืื ื ื ืชืขืืืจ ืืขื ืขืืื, ืืืงืืดื ืงืจืื ืขืื ืืขืืืจ ืืืจืื ืขืืื ืืื’, ืฉืืฉืื ืงืจื ืขืฆืื ืขืื ืืชื ื ืชืช ืืื ืขืืื ืืช ืืชืฉืืขื ืืืืืื ืืืืช ืืืงืืืฉ ืืจืื ืืื ืื ืงืจืื ืขืื, ืืื’, ืืืื ืื ืงืจื ืขืฆืื ืขืื ืืืงืืืฉ ืืจืื ืืื ืงืจืื ืขืื ืืฉืืช ืืื ืื ืขืืื ืืืื, ืืื’.
ืืื ืื ื ืืฉืื ืืืืืช ืืงืืืฉืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืืืข ืืื ืงืจื ืขืื ืืืื ืื, ืืื ืื ืื ื ืจืืืื ืฉืืฉ ืขืกืง ืืืื ืื ื ืงืจื ืขืื, ืื ืืจืื ืืืืื ืืืืชืจ ืืืืืช ืขืื ื’.
ืื ื ืืขืืื ืืืชื
ืืฉ ืืื ืืจืืืช ืืขืืืืช, ืื ื ืืฆืื ื ืืื’ ืืืดื (ื, ื) ืืชื ืงืจืืืื ืื ืื ืืงืจืืื ืขืืืื, ืืืื ืฉืืชื ืขืืฉืื ืจืฆืื ื ืฉื ืืงืื ืืชื ืงืจืืื ืื ืื ืืืืื ืฉืืื ืืชื ืขืืฉืื ืจืฆืื ื ืฉื ืืงืื ืืชื ืงืจืืื ืขืืืื. ืืฆืจืื ืืืืื ืคืฉื ืื ืืืช ืืืืจืช ืืืื ืฉืืื ืืชื ืขืืฉืื ืจืฆืื ื ืฉื ืืงืื ืืชื ืงืจืืืื ืขืืืื, ืืจื ืขืืืืช ืืื ืืขืื ืืืืื.
ืืืืืืืจ ืืื, ืฉืืฉ ืฉืชื ืืจืืืช ืฉื ืขืื, ืืืื ืืื ืขืื ืจืืื ืฉืืื ื ื ืืื ืื ืืฆืืจื, ืืืฉื ื ืืื ืื ืฉืืื ืขืื, ืืื ืืจืื ืืืืื ืืืชืจ ืฉื ืขืื ืื ืขืืืืช ืขื ื ืืื ืืช, ืืืืืจื ืื ืืื ืืืืื, (ื, ืื) ืืืื ืื ืืืจ ื’ ืฆืืงืืช ืืืื ืืฉืจ ืื ื ืขืืฉื ืกืืืื, ืืืืืชื ืขืืืื ืืืฉืจ ืืืืื ืืืฉ ืขื ืื ื ืืขืืื ืืืชื. ืืฉ ืืืฉื ืฉื ืื ื ืืขืืื ืืืชื, ืื ื ืืื ืืช ืืืจืช, ืืืืื ืฉืืื ืขืืฉืื ืจืฆืื ื ืฉื ืืงืื ืงืจืืืื ืขืืืื – ืืื ืืขืืืื ืฉืืื ื ื ืืื ืื.
(ืืืืื ืืื ืื ืืขืื ืืื ืฉืื ืจืืฆื ืืขืฉืืช ืจืฆืื ืืืื ืืขืื ืืืื ืืขืฉืืช ืจืฆืื ืจืื, ื ืืฆื ืฉืื ืฉืืื ืขืื ืื ืจืง ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืื ืื ืจืืฆื, ืืืขืืืช ืืืช ืื ืืืืืืจ ืื ืืณืืืื ื ืืืื ื’ ืืื ืจืืฆื ืืชืช ืืื ืชืืื ืืืื, ืืฉืืดื ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืชืืื ืจืืฆื, ืืื ืืืื ื ืืืื ื – ืืชื ืื ืจืืฆื ืืื ืืืื.)
ืฉืืขืชื ืืืืื ืืจืืฉ ืืืจื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืจืื ืืืื ืงืืื ืืฆืดื ืืฉื ืืืืื ืจืื ืื ืืคืื ืืฆ”ื ืฉืฉืืข ืืืจื ืืืคืฅ ืืืื ืืฆืืงืดื,ืฉืืฉืขื ืฉืืืืจืื ืื ืฉืื ืืจืืช ืืขืืื ืืื ืืื ืจืืื ืืช ืื ืื ืฉืืืช ืฉืืืืจืืช ืืืฆื ืื ืืืืจืืช ืืืคืืืช ืืจืืช, ืืืืขืฉื ืืชืื ืืืฉื ื ืืขืดื ืืชื ื ืืฆืจ, ืืื ืฆืจืื ืืืืืช ืฉืื ืฉืื ืชืกืืื, ืืื ืืฉ ืืืื ืคืืืก ืฉืืืืจืื ืื ืฉืื ืืืื ืืื ืืชื ืืืช ืืืงืฆืช, ืืืืจืื ืื, ืื ืืื ืชืขืืื ืืช ืืงืืดื, ืชืงืืื ืืฆืืืช ืืชืขืฉื ืืช ืชืคืงืื ืืจืืื ืืื ืชืืื ืืืืืช ืขืื ื’.
ืืืฉื ืืื ืืืืจ ืืืื, ืืืืจืื ืืืื ืื ืชืฆืืฃ ืืืื ืขื ืืืื ื ืคืืื ืืช ืืจืืืงื ืืืื, ืืืชื ื ืื ืืช ืื ืืืืื ืื ืฆืจืืื ืืื, ืชืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืืืื ืืืืชื ืืืื ื, ืืจื ืืจืฆืื ืืื ืืืืืช ื ืฉืื ืืืื ื ืืืื ื ืืชื ืืืื ืืืฃ ืืืฆืืื ืืืฉืืื.
ืืืืืช ืืื ืฉืื ืืคืืื ืื ืืฉื ืืขืืืช ืืืจืื ืฉื ืขืื ื’, ืขื ืืื ืื ืฉืืืืฉื ืขืื ื’ ืืื ืคืืืก ืื ืฉืื, ืืืช ืืืจืื ืืืืช ื ืืชื ืืจืืืฉ ืจืง ืืขืืื ืืื.
ืื ืืขืฉืืช ืืฉืืื ืืช
ืฉืืืข ืฉืขืืจ ืืืืจื ื ืขื ืขืืืื ืื ืืกืืื ืืช, ืฉืื ืืืจื ืืืืื ืืืขืืืช ืืชืืจื, ืืืขืช ืขืืื ื ืืืขืช ืืื ืืืกืื ืฉื ืขืื ื’, ืื ืฆืจืื ืืขืฉืืช ืืฉืืื ืืืืืช ืขืื ื’, ืืืืจ ืืืื ื ืืื ืคืขืืื ืฉืขืื ืืคืฉื ืืื ืฉืืื ืื ืืฉืืื ืืช, ืืื ืื ืจืฆืื ืขืฆืื, ืืจื ืจืืฉ ืืืฉืืื ืจืื ืืืื ืฉืืืืืืืฅ ืืื ืืืืจ, ื ืขืื ืืืื ื ืืฉื ืืฉืืื ืืช, – ืขืื ืื ืขืืฉื ืืฉืืื ืืช – ืืืจ ืืืคืืื ืืืจ ื ืืื ืขืืฉื ืืฉืืื ืืช ืื ืื ืื, ืขืื ืื, ืื ืฉืืืืื ืืืืจ ืื ืืื ืขืืฉื.
ืื ืืกืืฃ ืื ืืืจ ืืกืื ื ืืกืฃ, ืงืืจื ืืคืขืืื ืฉืืืื ืฉืืื ืืช ืืขืื ืืฉืืืืืช ืืกืืืืช ืืืขืื ืืช ืืืจื, ืื ืืฆืืื ืืขืืื ืืืฉืืื, ืืื ืืงื”ื ืื ื ืืชื ืื ื ืืืจืื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืืืืช ืืืจื, ืืงืืดื ื ืืชื ืื ื ืืช ืื ืืืืืืช ืืืืคืฉืจืืืืช ืืขืืื ืืืฉืืื, ืืื ืื ืฉืืช ืขื ืงืืืืฉ ื’ ืืงืืดื ื ืืชื ืืช ืืืืืืช ืืื. ืืคืจืฉื ืืืืช ืืื ืืขืื ืืืืกืจ ืืจืืืืื ืืืืฉื ืฉื ืขืื, ืืฆื ืืืืขืืจ ืขืื ืืืจืื ืจืืืื ืืื ื ืืื ืืช ืฉื ืขืื ืืืืื[1].
ืืืฉื ืืชืืจืช ืจืื
ืืจืืฉืืช ืื ื ืืื ืื ืืืชื ืืจืืชื ืฉื ืืืืขืืจ, ืื ื ืืืชื ืืื’ ืืืืื (ืื, ื), ืืืืขืืจ ืขืื ืืืจืื ืืงื ืืืืฉื ืืืฉืืื ืืื ืฉื ืืืจ ืืืืืจ ืืืจืื ืื ืขืืื ืืงื ืืืชื ืืืืฉื ืืื ืืฉืจ ืื ืืดืจ ืืืขืืจ ืฉืืืฉื ืืชืืจืช ืจืื, ืืื ืืืฉืง ืืืืขืืจ ืืดืจ ืืืขืืจ ืฉืืืื ืืืฉืงื ืืชืืจืชื ืฉื ืจืื ืืืืจืื.
ืืืืืจืฉ (ืืจืืฉืืช ืจืื ื ื, ื), ืืืืืจ ืืืจืื ืื ืขืืื ืืงื ืืืชื – ืฉืืื ืืื ืืืงืื ืื ืฉืื ืืืื ืื, ืืืืฉื ืืื ืืฉืจ ืื – ืฉืืื ืฉืืื ืืืฆืจื ืืืืชื.
ืื ืืื ืืืืขืืจ, ืืืื ืืชืืจื ืืืื ืืืฉืงื ืืชืืจืชื ืฉื ืืืจืื ืืืื ื, ืืืื ืขืื ื ืืื ืืืืจืื, ืื ืจืื ืืขืช ืขื ืืื ืืืืขื ื ืืื ืืชื.
ืืืืืจ ืื ืืื ื ืืื ืื ืชืื ืืืฉื ืืืจื, (ืื, ืื), ืืืจืฉืดื, ืืื ืืชืื, ืืช ืืืชื ืื ืืืืืขืืจ, ืืืื ืืืืจ ืืืฆืื ืขืืื ืฉืืืืจ ืื ืืืจืื ืืคื ืืช ืืืื ืืืฉืืื ืืชื, ืืืจ ืื ืืืจืื, ืื ื ืืจืื ืืืชื ืืจืืจ, ืืืื ืืจืืจ ืืืืง ืืืจืื (ืฉื).
ืืืืขืืจ ืืืืจ ืืื ืืืื ืืช ืืฆืืง ืืื ืืืข ืฉืืฆืืง ืฆืจืื ืืฉื ืฉืชืืคืฉืจ ืื ืืืืืช ืขืืื ืชืืืื, ืงืืืฉ ื’, ืืืืจ ืืืขืชื ืฉืืื ืืื ืืชืืืื ืื ืืืฉ ืืืืจืื ืืืืงืฉ ืืื ื ืฉืืงื ืืช ืืชื, ืืืืจืื ืืฉืื ืื, ืืชื ืืจืืจ ืืื ื ืืจืื, ืื ืื ืฉืืื, ืื ืชืืคืฉ ืืืจืฅ ืืืืืชื, (ืืืืคืืื ืืื ืฉืืจื ืจืฉืดื ืืชื ืขื ืืคืกืืง ืื ืืงืช ืืฉืืืขืชื ืืืช (ืื, ื), ืืงื ืื ืืฉื ืืื ืืช ืขื ืจ ืืฉืืื ืืืืจื, ืืื ืืช ืืื ืืจื ืื ืื ืืช ืื ืขื ืืขืืืื ืื ืขืืืคืืช ืืืชื ืฉื ืืืืขืืจ, ืืืืดืข ืืื).
ืืื ื ืืฆื ืืืข ืื ื ืืื ืืืจืืฉื ืฉื ืืืืขืืจ ืืืชื ืฆืจืืื ืืืืืช ืฉืฉืืืืืชื ืื ืชืฆืื ืืืื ืืืกืืฃ ืืืจืื ืืฆืืจื ืืงืืช ืืช ืืชื ืืืฆืืง, ืืื ืขืฉื ืืืืขืืจ ืืชืืื ืืืชืคืื, ืืืืืจ ื’ ืืืืงื ืืืื ื ืืืจืื, ืืงืจื ื ื ืืคื ื ืืืื ืืขืฉื ืืกื ืขื ืืืื ื ืืืจืื. (ืฉื ืื). ืจืืฉืดืข ืชืืฆืื ืืืืื ืฉืื ืืช ืืืืืื ืืืฆืืง, ืืืื ืชืื ืื ืื, ืืื ืืชืคืื ืืื ื ืืื ื ืคืฉื ืืืฉ ืขืืืื ืฉืืื.
ืืืืขืืจ ื ืืืฉ ืืืคืฉ ืฉืืืื ืืืฆืืง ืขื ืื ืืื ืืื ืคืฉ, ืืื ืฉืื ืืฉืืื ืืืฉื ืืื ืื ืืืฉื ืืืื ืขื ืืืช ืฉืื, ืืืื ืืืืจื ืืช ืจืฆืื ืืชืื ืืคื ื ืจืฆืื ืืืจืื.
ืืืืืฉ ืืฉืชืื
ืืจื ืืืื ืืืืจ ืืื ื ืจืืงื ืืืฆืืช, ืืื ืขืื ืื ืืืืข ืื ืืื ืืื ืืื ืจืืื ืฉืืื ืขื ืฉืืื, ืื ืืชืืื ืืืจืืืช ืฉืื ืื, ืืชืจื ืืขืืื ื, ืืื ืืืื ืืคืืงืืช, ืฆื ืืขื ืืืกืืื, ืืืฉ ืืชืืืื ืืืฆืืง, ืืืื ืฉืืื ืจืืื ืืช ืืชื ืืืืชื ืืจื ืืคืกื ืืกืืืืืื ืฉืืฆืืง ืืงื ืืช ืืชื ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืช ืจืฆืื ื.
ืืืืืฉ ืืฉืชืื ืื ืืืจืืฉ ืืืขืช ืืืฆืืื ื’ ืืจืื ืื ืื, (ืฉื ืื), ืืืจืฉืดื, ืืฉืชืืื ืืืชืืื, ืขื ืฉืจืื ืืืจื ืงืจืื ืืืฆืืื, ืืื ืืื ื ืืืืข ืื ืืืฉืคืืช ืืืจืื ืืื ืื ืื.
ืืืฉื ืืื ืืืืจ ืืืื, ืืฉ ืืืฉื ืฉื ืืจืืืก ืืืื ืฉื ืื ืกืื ืืืืจืื ืขื ืกืืื ืืกืฃ ืืืื ืืืื[2], ืืืืจืืดื ืืฉ ืืืฉื ืฉืื ืืฃ ืืื ืื ื ืืืฉ ืืช ืืชืืฆืื ืขืืฉืื ืืืจืื ืืืฉื ืขื ืกืืื ืืืื ืืืชืจ, ืืื ืืืื ืืืืืข ืืกืืืืื ืฉื ืฉืืืฉ ืืืืช ืืืืืื ืืืืจ.
ืื ืชืืจ ืืขืฆืื ื ืืื ืฉื ืื ืก ืืืืจืื ืืืืื ืืื, ืืืื ืฆืจืื ืื ืืฉ ืฉืืข ืืกืคืจืื ืืืื ืืืืืช, ืืืืื ืืชืืฆืืืช ืืื ืืืงืฉ ืืืืจ ืฉืื ืชืืื ืื ืืช ืืืกืคืจืื ืฉืืื ืืื ื ืืืืืง ืื ืื ืื ืฉืืชืืชื, ืืืชืืืืื ืืืืืง ืืกืคืจ ืืืจื ืืกืคืจ, ืืืฉ, ืืคื ืื ืืฆืื ืืืฉ, ืฉืืื ื, ืื ืืฆืื ืฉืืื ื, ืืื ืืืื, ืขืืจื ืฉืฉ ืืกืคืจืื ืืื ืืืกืคืจืื ืชืืืืื, ืืืื ืืชืจืืฉืืช, ืืืืื ืืชื ืืื ื ืืฆื, ืื ืืื ื ืืืฉ ืขืื ืืกืคืจ ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืืช ืืืืืื ืื.
ืื ืืคืฉื ืืืืืฉ ืืฉืชืื ืืืจืืฉ ืืืขืช, ืืืืขืืจ ืืื ืืืชื ืื ืืกืืื ืื ืืจืืื ืฉืื ืืื ืืืื, ืืื ืจืง ืื ืืืืข ืืืืื ืืฉืคืื ืืื, ืืื ื ืืฆื ืืืชื ืจื, ืืื ืืืจ ืจืืฆื ืืืขืช ืืื ืืฆืืื ื’ ืืจืื, ืชืจืื ืื ืืื ืขืืืืช, ืื ืืื ื ืืื ืืช.
ืืืืืจ ืืช ืื ืืช ืืืืื ื ื ืื ืืืฉ ืืืช ืืืื ืืงืื ืื ื ืืืื, ืืชืืืจ ืืืื ืืช ืืชืืื ืื ืื ืื ืืืื ืืฉืจ ืืืื ืื ืืืจ. (ืฉื ืื, ืื), ืืื ืื, ืืื ืืืื, ืื ืืคืจืืื ืชืืืืื, ืืื, ืืืงืื ืืืืฉ ืืืฉืชืื ืื’, ืื ืื ืืืื ืฉืืืงืฉ ืืืฆืืื ืืืจืื, ืืื ืืจืืข ืฉืืื ืืฆืืื ืืื ืืืื ืื’ ืขื ืฉืืื ืืงืืื ืจืฆืื ืืืจืื ืืืื ื.
ืืจื ืืจืืขืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ืืืชืจ ืกืืืื ืฉืืฆืืง ืืงื ืืช ืืชื, ืืื ืื ืื ืืขื ืืื ืืืชื ืืื ืืืื, ืื ืขืืืืช, ืื ืื ื ืืื ืื ื, ืจืง ืจืฆืื ืืืืื ืงืืื ืืชื ืื.
ืืืืขืืืืช ืืืืช ืืืืขืืจ ืจืง ืืจืืืื ืืืื ืฉืืชืื ืืืืจืฉ, ืืืจ ืจืื ืืืกื ืื ืจืื ืืืกื ืื ืขื ืืื ืืืืขืืจ, ืืขื ืืื ืฉืฉืจืช ืืืชื ืฆืืืง ืืืืื ื ืืฆื ืืืื ืืจืืจ ืืืื ืืจืื. (ืืดืจ ืก). (ืืืฉ ืืืืจืื ืื ืืจื ืืืืคื ืืื ืืจืืจ ืืืจืื ืื ืืืจ ืขื ืื ืืืืืื ืืช).
ืืื ืืื ืืช ืฉื ืืืืขืืจ ื ืืื ืืื ืขืืืืช, ืืขืืืืช ื’ ืฆืจืืื ืืืืืช ืืฆืืจื ืฉืืื ืื ื ืฉืื ืืฉืืื ืืช ืืจืฆืื ืืช ืืืฉืืื, ืืืืืจื ืืืฉื ื ืืืืืช, ืขืฉื ืจืฆืื ื ืืจืฆืื ื ืืื ืฉืืขืฉื ืจืฆืื ื ืืจืฆืื ื, ืืื ืจืฆืื ื ืืคื ื ืจืฆืื ื, ืืื ืฉืืืื ืจืฆืื ืืืจืื ืืคื ื ืจืฆืื ื, ืืืืืช ืขืื ื’ ืืื ืืืื ืจืืื.
ืืงื”ื ืืขืืืจ ืฉื ืืื ืืืืืช ืขืืืื ื ืืื ืื ืืืงืืดื.
[1] ืืืืจืืื ืฉืืืืดื ืืืืืื ืืฉืืื ืืืืช ืืืื, ืืจื ืจืื ืืคืจืฉื ืืืืจืช ืขื ืืืืขืืจ, ืืื ืืืจื ืฉื ื ืขื ืืคืจืฉื ืฉื ืงืืืจื ืื ืื ืืฉื ืืื ืกืืื ืืืืขืืจ, ืืคืฉืจ ืืืืจ ืืืืืื ืฉืืกืคืจื ืืื ืคืขืืื ืืืืขืืจ ืืืืืจ ืืคืจืฉื, ืื ืฆืจืื ืืืืืช ืืืืดืค ืืจืืขืื, ืืืืขืฉื ืื ืืืฆืื ืจืง ืคืขื ืืืช, ืืื ืืคืขืืื ืืชืื ืขืื ืื ืืืฉ, ืืืืขืืจ ืืชืื ืจืง ืืคืจืฉืช ืื ืื ืืื ืืฉืง ืืืชื ืืื ืืืฉืง ืืืืขืืจ, ืืืคื ื ืฉืื ืืืืชื ืืืชื ืขืืืืช.
[2] ืืืืจ ืืฉื ืืขืืื, ืืื ื ืืืจืืข ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืืืฉืชืชืฃ ืืืืื ืื ืื, ืืื ืืืืื ืฉืฆืจืื ืืืืืืจ ืื ืืืืืช ืฉืงืืข ืืื. ืืื ืืื ืฉืืืฉื ืชืงืืคื ืืจืืื ืืื ืงืื ื ืื ืฉืืืข ืืจืืืก, ืืืืจืื ืืืชื ืืืื ืฉืืืฉื ืืขืจื ืืืืื ืจืืืขื ืืื ืืชืงืฉืจ ืืืืคื ืงืืืข ืืชืื ืืืืื ืฉืื ืืื, ืฆืจืื ืืืืืืจ.
โซโชParshaโฌโฌ โซโชPreview
Katz, Harav Hagaon Yaakov Moshe Shlita
A Satisfied Life
Parshas Chayei Sarah
Harav Hagaon Yaakov Moshe Katz shlita
Parshas Chayei Sarah begins by relating that Avraham buried Sarah in Meโaras Hamachpeilah and describes the hishtadlus that he did to bury her there.
How did Avraham know that Meโaras Hamachpeilah was a special place? Pirkei DโRabbi Eliezer (perek 36) explains that this parshah is a continuation of Parshas Vayeira, where the Torah tells us that on the third day after Avrahamโs bris milah, guests arrived and he wanted to do chessed for them, so he decided to prepare bakar for them. When the bakar ran away from him, he gave chase, ultimately finding himself in a cave, which was Meโaras Hamachpeilah.
There, he saw Adam and Chavah on a mitah, with a lit ner, and he smelled the scent of Gan Eden. He understood then that this place, where Adam and Chava were, was a special place for burial.
But why did he smell the scent of Gan Eden in their burial place?
When Yaakov went to Yitzchak, he also smelled the scent of Gan Eden. A tzaddik gives off the fragrance of Gan Eden because he sanctifies his guf. In this world we canโt smell it, but in the next world, after the guf passes on, it gives off the scent of Gan Eden, because a tzaddik, at his essence, is Gan Eden.
We can add that the Zohar, in this weekโs parshah, states that Meโaras Hamachpeilah is the opening to Gan Eden. Thatโs why itโs a special makom tefillah; furthermore, the neshamos go through the Meโaras Hamachpeilah. Thatโs why Avraham smelled Gan Eden in Meโaras Hamachpeilah. He could sense that it was a special makom kevurah.
Chessed Leads to the Detection of Gan Eden
But why was this smell of Gan Eden in Meโaras Hamachpeilah revealed to him specifically when he was running after the bakar? We can explain that this coming to teach us the importance of the zechus of chessed. When he was in middle of doing chessed for others, thatโs when this was revealed to him.
Furthermore, he was doing this chessed on the third day after milah, when he had been mekadesh his guf. Milah symbolizes kedushas habris, kedushas hareโiyah, kedushah from hirhurim, kedushas haโadam. He had just been mekadesh himself, and his movement here was with mesiras hanefesh โ he was doing chessed with mesiras nefesh and kedushah. Precisely then, it was revealed to him what you are zocheh to when you have mesiras nefesh for chessed and kedushah: you experience the scent of Gan Eden, as you arrive at the opening of Gan Eden, Meโaras Hamachpeilah. Thatโs how Avraham understood that this was a special place for burial.
The Polar Opposite
Later in the parshah, when Avraham sends Eliezer to look for a wife for Yitzchak, he told him to look for a girl with the middah of chessed. We can explain that this is because chessed is one of the pillars upon which the world stands, as the Mishnah teaches in Avos. Itโs so important to truly care for others, to do for others, and to think about others. Thatโs the binyan of Klal Yisrael, and itโs the binyan of your own home as well. Itโs also your entranceway to Gan Eden. What a powerful lesson we learn from this revelation of Gan Eden to Avraham.
At the beginning of the parshah, the Torah recounts how Avraham approached Efron to buy Meโaras Hamachpeilah, and although Efron initially offered to give it to him free of charge, in the end he took a lot of money for it. The Kli Yakar notes that this incident comes after the Torahโs account of Avrahamโs chessed and is followed by the narrative about Rivkaโs chessed to teach us why Avraham didnโt want to enter a shidduch with bnos Canaan. When he saw the middos of Efron, who took a lot of money from him for a kevurah, he said, โI donโt want this as a shidduch for Klal Yisrael. This isnโt the middah of Klal Yisrael. You canโt grow to gadlus this way; you canโt produce Klal Yisrael this way.โ
When a person thinks about his gelt and wants more and more money for himself, his whole life is just about money and money and more money. He doesnโt think about anyone else. Heโs just thinking about his money.
Avraham didnโt want to do a shidduch with people like Efron because he knew that chessed โ doing for others and feeling for others โ is the pathway to building Klal Yisrael and the entranceway to Gan Eden.
Torah and Chessed: A Package that Leads to Happiness
Later in the parshah, the Torah teaches us another way to be zocheh to Olam Haba. The passuk says: ืึทื’ ืึตึผืจึทืึฐ ืึถืช ืึทืึฐืจึธืึธื ืึทึผืึนึผื, and the Gemara (Bava Basra 17) teaches that Hashem gave him a taste of Olam Haba in this world. How was he zocheh to that? The Torah tells us that Avraham was ืึธืงึตื ืึธึผื ืึทึผืึธึผืึดืื, and the Gemara in Kiddushin teaches that a zakein is someone who is koneh chochmah. The Mishnah in Kiddushin says that Avraham Avinu learned Torah bโyeshiva, and the Gemara in Yoma (28b) adds that Avraham was a zakein vโyosheiv bโyeshiva. So we see that the description of Avraham as zakein alludes to the level of Avrahamโs Torah. When the passuk says that Hashem ืึตึผืจึทืึฐ ืึถืช ืึทืึฐืจึธืึธื ืึทึผืึนึผื, it is conveying to us that the way to be zocheh to โkolโ is through your shaychus to Torah.
The oilam is misorer to learn Chumash more bโhavanah, to hear a schmuess for ten minutes โ ย nifladig! The oilam is koveiโa chavrusas, they learn Torah, many come to the Yarchei Kallah. Many have chavrusas every day. Thatโs your shaychus to Torah.
And some combine chessed with Torah, by being mechazek the Torah of their own children, of their grandchildren, of others around them. Thatโs a beautiful zechus of Torah, and it also gives us the taโam of Olam Haba, opening the entrance to Gan Eden. Talmud Torah kโneged kulam.
We saw that the key to the revelation of the entrance to Gan Eden that Avraham Avinu experienced in Meโaras Hamachpeilah was chessed. Not ordinary chessed, but chessed that came with mesiras nefesh. And we saw that the other way to be zocheh to Gan Eden โ even in Olam Hazeh, and certainly in Olam Haba โ is through your shaychus to Torah, by being mechazek your connection to Torah. And itโs a nifladige zach.
Many people, in their younger years, are full of dreams. They want to do and do โ but then, when they get older, so many people have a midlife crisis. So many people, lo aleinu, are on pills. They need to calm down. They feel, what value do I have anyway?
Avraham Avinu, in contrast, was saveiโa and happy when he was niftar. This teaches that when a person invests well into his life, filling it with substance โ with chessed, with Torah โ then when he reaches the end of his life, heโs saveiโa. Heโs happy because he filled his life with tochen. When a person is running after the American dream of fame and money, then when he reaches the end of his life, and things arenโt the way they used to be, and he doesnโt have all that he wanted โ oy! So chessed and Torah are the key not only to be zocheh to Olam Haba, but also to have a happy life in Olam Hazeh, like Avraham Avinu did.
The Ramban says that this was the hesped for Avraham. You could say so many things about Avraham. He was a baal chessed. He learned Torah. He was a tzaddik. He did milah. He passed the test of the Akeidah and so many others. But the Torah merely says about him that he was niftar saveiโa. He was happy.
This teaches us the chessed that Hashem does for tzaddikim, and also the greatness of tzaddikim. Because filling your life with chessed and Torah is the only way to be truly happy in this world. When you invest your life into things that have tochen, youโre a happier person every step of the way. And thatโs just the beginning, in Olam Hazeh. In Olam Haba, al achas kamah vโkamah.
We should be mischazeik together by caring about the people around us โour wives, our children, our families, our parents, our friends. Letโs fill our lives with chessed and Torah, with tochen, and bโezras Hashem we should use our time well and be zocheh to constantly be saveiโa and to enter the gates of Gan Eden. Then, we will always have the reiโach of Gan Eden, because someone who is busy with these things becomes a beautiful person who truly has the smell of Gan Eden even in Olam Hazeh.