BereishisChayei Sarah

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•

Maran Hamashgiach Hagaon Harav Yeruchem Levovitz, ztโ€l

ื”ืคืจื•ืฉ ืฆื”ืœืชื• ื‘ืคื ื™ื• ื•ืื‘ืœื• ื‘ืœื‘ื•
ื•ื™ืงื ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืžืชื• ื•ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ืืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื—ืช (ื›ื’, ื’)
ื‘ื™ืืจ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืจื•ื—ื ืœื™ื•ื•ืื•ื•ื™ืฅ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื”: ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ืฆืจืš ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื‘ื ื™ ื—ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืงื‘ื•ืจืช ืฉืจื” ืืฉืชื• ื‘ืžืขืจืช ื”ืžื›ืคืœื”, ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” “ื•ื™ืงื ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืžืชื•”. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื•, ืฉืงื ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžืื‘ืœื• ืขืœ ืฉืจื” ื•ื”ืœืš ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื‘ื ื™ ื—ืช ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืžืชื• ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืœืคื ื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื”.

ืœืžื“ื™ื ืื ื• ืžื›ืืŸ ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื•. ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื“ื‘ืจื• ืื™ืชื ืžืชื•ืš ื‘ื›ื™, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืขื™ื ื™ื• ื–ื•ืœื•ืช ื“ืžืขื•ืช. ืœื›ืŸ, ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืืœืฅ ืœืœื›ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื‘ื ื™ ื—ืช, ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืืช ืฉื›ืœื• ืขืœ ืจื’ืฉื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืžืฉืœ ื‘ืจื•ื—ื•, ืงื ืžืื‘ืœื• ื•ืžื‘ื›ื™ื• ืขืœ ืืฉืชื•, ืจื—ืฅ ืืช ืคื ื™ื• ื•ื˜ืžืŸ ืืช ืื‘ืœื• ื•ืฆืขืจื• ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื• ื•ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืžื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ืช. ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื ื‘ืกื‘ืจ ืคื ื™ื ื™ืคื•ืช ื•ืืฃ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืฆื•ื”ืœื•ืช. ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ื•ืœื”ืฉืชื“ืœ ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื.

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื

Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Aryeh Finkel, ztโ€l

ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืฆืขืจ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืจื—ืžื™ื
ื‘ืื—ืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืชื—ืช ื”ืชืงืคืช ื˜ื™ืœื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื• ืžื‘ืชื™ื”ื.

ื‘ืื—ืช ื”ืคืขืžื™ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืืจื™ื” ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื” ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ืงื“’ ื‘ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ืขื™ืœื™ืช, ืงื•ื“ื ืฉืคืชื— ื‘ืคืจืงื™ ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื, ืคื ื” ืœืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ื•ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ื ืจื’ืฉื•ืช: “ืื—ื™ื ื™ืงืจื™ื”, ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื‘ืกื›ื ื”, ื•ืžืœื‘ื“ ื–ืืช, ืขืฉืจื•ืช ื•ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ื ืฉืจื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืคื—ื“ ื ื•ืจื, ื‘ืฆืขืจ ืžื ื•ืกื” ื•ื‘ืจื™ื—ื” ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช, ืื ืฉื™ื ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื˜ืฃ.

ืžื•ื›ืจื—ื™ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืฆืขืจ ื”ื–ื” ื•ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืจื—ืžื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”: “ืื—ื™ื ื• ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฆืจื” ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ื” ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉื””. ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™: ื’ื ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืฉืžืกื›ื ื™ื ืขืฆืžื ื•ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื ืžืื•ื“, ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื–ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืกื›ื ื”, ื ืชื—ื–ืง ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื•ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืจื—ืžื™ื: “ื”ืžืงื•ื ื™ืจื—ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ื•ืขืœื™ื ื•, ื•ื™ื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืžืฆืจื” ืœืจื•ื•ื—ื””, ื•ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืฆืขืจ, ื•ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืžืชื•ืš ืœื‘ ื”ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืื‘ ื•ืฆืขืจ ื‘ืœื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ, ื›ืžื• ืฉืื•ืžืจ ื”ืงื‘”ื”: “ืขืžื• ืื ื•ื›ื™ ื‘ืฆืจื”” ื•ื’ื ืœื”ืชื—ื–ืง ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”.

ื•ื—ืชื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•: ื–ื• ื”ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœื›ืžื” ืคืจืงื™ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื ืฉื›ืขืช ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื ื’ื™ื“ ื•ื™ืฉืžืข ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืฉื•ื•ืขืชื™ื ื• ื•ื™ืจื—ื ืขืœื™ื ื•!!

ื‘ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืื—ืจืช ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืืžืจ: ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฆืจื•ืช. ื•ื™ืฉ ื›ืืœื” ืฉืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืฆืจื•ืช ื•ืื ื™ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื: ืฉื•ืžืข ืฆืขืจ ื‘ืœื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ.

ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฆืขืจ ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืขืฆืžื• ืื•ืžืจ: “ืขืžื• ืื ื•ื›ื™ ื‘ืฆืจื”” – ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื’ื™ืจืฉืชื™ ืืชื›ื, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืื™ืชื›ื, ื’ื ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช! ื•ืื ื™ ืกื•ื‘ืœ ื›ืžื•ืชื›ื ื•ืืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื›ื. ืืžื ื ืงืฉื” ืœื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืฆืจื•ืช, ืืœื ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชืฉื•ื‘ื• ืืœื™ ืžื”ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืช, ื›ืš ืชื—ื™ื• ืœื ืฆื—!!

ืข”ืค ‘ืืจื™ื” ื™ืฉืื’’

ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืœื›ื”

Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shpitzer Shlita

ื—ื™ื™ ืฉืจื”

ืื•ื ืื”ย  ื‘ืงืจืงืขื•ืช

ืžืขืจืช ื”ืžื›ืคืœื” ืข’ ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืงื›”ื— ืข”ื ืฉืื‘ืจื”ื ืžืฆืื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ “ื•ืืœ ื”ื‘ืงืจ ืจืฅ ืื‘ืจื”ื”, ื•ืข”ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืฉืขืคืจื•ืŸ ืœื ืจืื” ืฉื ืงื‘ืจื™ ืื“ื ื•ื—ื•ื” ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื‘ื ืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ื ืื•ืจ ื•ืจืื”. ื•ืข”ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืืžืื™ ืœื ืงื ื” ื”ืฉื“ื” ืžืงื•ื“ื ืืœื ืืžืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื™ืจื• ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื.

ื•ืข’ ืื•ื””ื— ืื™ืš ื”ืกืชื™ืจ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ืžืขืคืจื•ืŸ, ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื“ืืฃ ื“ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ืื” ืœืงืจืงืขื•ืช (ื•ืก”ืœ ื›ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื“ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื›ืœืœ) ืž”ืž ืงืฉื” ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืชื•ืก’ ืžื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื“ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ื“ืžื™ื”ื ื™ืฉ ืื•ื ืื”, ื•ืข’ ืฉื•”ืข ืจื›”ื– ื›”ื˜. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืื•ื””ื— ื“ืœื›ืŸ ืขืฉื” ืงื ื™ืŸ ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ ื‘ืงื ื˜ืจื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ืงื ื™ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ, ื•ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ืื” ื›ืž”ืฉ ื”ืจืžื‘”ื ืคื™”ื’ ืžืžื›ื™ืจื” ื””ื.

ื•ืข’ ื˜ื•ืจ ืจื›”ื– ื›’ ืžื”ืจืžื‘”ื ืคื™”ื’ ื””ื ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ืื” ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ื›”ื› ื‘ื—ืคืฅ ื–ื”, ื•ื‘ื‘”ื™ ืžื”ืจืžื‘”ืŸ ื•ืจืื‘”ื“ ืฉื—ื•ืœืงื™ื, ื•ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ืื”, ื•ื‘ืฉื ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจืฉื‘”ื ื›ื™ ืžืžืขื˜ ืงืจื ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืžืžื›ืจ ื•ืœื ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ.

ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืกื‘ืจืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจืฉื‘”ื, ืข”ืข ื‘ืจื›”ืฉ ื‘”ืž ืœ”ื• ื›ื™ ืงื ื™ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื›ืž”ืฉ ื”ืกืž”ืข ื•ื”ื› ื”ื•ื™ ืื•ื ืื” ืžืฉื”ื› ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ.ย  ื•ื›ืขื™”ื– ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืื•ื””ื— ื›ืืŸ. ืžื™ื”ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ื“ืืฃ ื“ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืงื ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆ ืฉื•ื•ื™, ืž”ืž ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื•ืชืฉืœื•ื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™. ื•ืข’ ืžื’ื™ื” ืขืœ ืงืฆื•ืช ืงืฆ”ื” ื’ ื‘ืฉื ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืž”ื– ืฉื”ืขื™ืจ ื›ืขื™”ื– ืขืœ ื”ืงืฆื•ืช.

ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืขื™ืจ, ื“ื”ืจื™ ื“ืจืฉื• ื‘ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื™”ื’ ืข”ื‘ ืื™ ืืชื” ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื•ื ืื” ืœื ื›ืจื™.

ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืข’ ืจืฉ”ืฉ ื“ืžืฉืžืข ื“ืืกื•ืจ ืžืขื™ืงืจื ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื™ื‘ืช ื“ืขืช, ื•ืชืžื” ืขืœ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืฉื•”ืข ืจื›”ื– ื›”ื• ืฉืกืชืžื•. ื•ืœืคื™”ื– ื”ืฉ ื˜ืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืื•ื””ื—, ืื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ื“ืฉื ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžืฉื•ื ื’ื ื™ื‘ืช ื“ืขืช ื•ืœื›ื’ ื’ื ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื’ื ื™ื‘ืช ื“ืขืช.

ื•ืข’ ื—”ืก ื—ื•”ืž ืงืข”ื• ืฉืคื™’ ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื’ื•ื™ ื‘ืง”ืค ืฉื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืชื” ืžืฉื•ื ืื•ื ืื”.

ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืงื™ื™”ืœ ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ ื›”ื ื“ืข”ืž ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืขืœื™ ืื•ื ืื” ืžื•ืชืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืœื ื”ื› ืœื ื™ืกื›ื™ื ืขืคืจื•ืŸ. ื•ื›ืŸ ืœืคื™ ื’ืœื™ื ืžืกื›ืช ื‘ืืžืจ ืœื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื•ืฉื ื•ื ื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”, ื’”ื› ืฉืจื™ ืžื˜ืขื ืชื ืื™, ื•ืœื ื™ืกื›ื™ื ืขืคืจื•ืŸ.

ืื™ืฉ ื—ื™

Hagaon Harav Tzvi Partzovitz Shlita

ืื™ืชื ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉื””ืฉ (ืคืจืง ื•’, ืคืกื•ืง ื‘’, ืื•ืช ื”’) ื›ื“ ื“ืžืš ืจ’ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจ ืื•ื™ื, ืืžืจื™ืŸ ืœืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืขื•ืœ ื•ืืคื˜ืจ ืขืœื•ื™, ืืžืจ ืœื•ืŸ ื™ืขื•ืœ ืจื™ืฉ ืœืงื™ืฉ ื“ื”ื•ื ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื“ืข ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื”, ืขื•ืœ ืจ”ืœ ื•ืืžืจ ื“ื•ื“ื™ ื™ืจื“ ืœื’ื ื•, ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืกืœืงื• ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื.

ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ื‘ืืžืช ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื”ืกืคื“ ื ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ “ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื“ืข ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื””, ืื›ืŸ ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื›ืœ ื“ืื™ื ื• ื›ืŸ, ืค’ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื™ื“ืข ื—ื™ื™ืœื™’, ื•ืื›ืŸ ืืฃ ื›ื™ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ืกืคื“, ืืš ื”ืืžืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืช ืขื•ืžืง ื•ืกืชืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืกืคื™ื“.

ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื–ืฆ”ืœ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืืฉ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืžืื– ืœืคื ื™ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื”, ืžืฉื–ื›ื™ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื•, ืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ืขืœื™ืœ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ “ื›ืœ ืขืฆืžื•ืชื™ ืชืืžืจื ื” ืชื•ืจื”” ื•ื‘ื’ื“ืจ “ืœืคืจื•ืฉ ื”ื™ืžื ื” ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ”, ื•ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืชืžื•ื ื” ื ืื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจืงื™ื, ืžืžืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ืืžืจื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืืฉ ื•ืฉืžื—ื™ื ื›ื ืชื™ื ืชื, ื•ืžืจืื” ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฉ ืžื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœืชืืจื• ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ื›ืœืœ.

ืื›ืŸ ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื‘ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืชื•, ื”ื ื” ื ืืžืจ ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื™ื“ืข (ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื™”ื— ื’) ืื™ืฉ ื—ื™ ืจื‘ ืคืขืœื™ื ืžืงื‘ืฆืืœ – ืฉืงื™ื‘ืฅ ื•ืจื™ื‘ื” ืคืขืœื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื”. ื•ื‘ื’ืž’ ืฉื ืื™ืชื ืฉืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืชืชื ืงืจื•ื™ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืจืจ ืžื”ื• ื”ืชื•ืืจ “ืื™ืฉ ื—ื™”, ื•ื”ื ื” ืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืœื‘ื ื” ืขืœ ื›ืœืœ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ “ืฉื”ื ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื“ืฉ ื›ืžื•ืชื” ื•ืœืคืืจ ืœื™ื•ืฆืจื ืขืœ ืฉื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืžืœื›ื•ืชื•”, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชื™ื™ื—ื“ื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ื ื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืจืจ ืžื”ื• ื›ื— ื”ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื–ื•.

ื•ื”ื ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืืžืจ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ืชื—ืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ, ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืฉื”ื›ืœ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื“ื•ืžื, ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื‘ืœื”, ื”ื—ื™ ืžื–ื“ืงืŸ ื•ื‘ื˜ืœ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ืžื ืžืชืคื•ืจืจ ื•ื ืขืœื.

ืื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“ ืื™ื ื• ื›ืŸ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”’ ืœื—ื ื”ืคื ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื• ื—ื ื•ืžืชื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืฉืขื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื›ื‘ืฉืขื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื•ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืชื ื—ื•ืžื (ืชืจื•ืžื” ื™”ื) ื›ืฉื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืžืฉื” ืืช ื”ืืจื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ื”ืž”ืง ื”ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืขืฆื™ื ื•ื”ืื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฉื ื•ืขืฉื• ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ืฉื ืืžืจ ืฉืชื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”’ ื‘ื—ืฆืจื•ืช ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื• ื™ืคืจื™ื—ื•, ืขื“ ืฉืžื ืฉื” ื”ื›ื ื™ืก ื”ืฆืœื ืœื‘ื™ืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื ืกืชืœืงื” ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื•ื™ื‘ืฉื• ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช.

ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”’ ืฉื“ื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ื”’ ื‘ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ ื—ื™, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื•, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื™ืฉ ืขืžื” ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ื–ืžืŸ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื”, ื•ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื•ืชื” ืžื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื ื˜ืขื• ื‘ื” ื‘ืขืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื”. ื•ืœื ืขื•ื“, ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”’ ืฉื“ื‘ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื”ืจื™ ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืคืกืง, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืืžืช ืฉื”ืฉืชื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”’, ืฉื’ื ื‘ื—ืฆืจื•ืช ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื• ื™ืคืจื™ื—ื•.

ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉื ืืžืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉืืข”ืค ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ืชื—ืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ, ืืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื ืืžืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื “ื•ืืชื ื”ื“ื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ื”’ ืืœื•ืงื™ื›ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืœื›ื ื”ื™ื•ื”, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื•ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืžื•ืชื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื›ืœื”.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืฉื ื™ื ื• ื‘ืจื™ืฉ ืข”ื–, ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื™ืขืฉื” ืื•ืชื ื”ืื“ื ื•ื—ื™ ื‘ื”ื, ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื›ื•”ื ื•ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ื›ื””ื’, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื™ืขืฉื” ืื•ืชื ื”ืื“ื, ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืœื•ื™ื™ื ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืœื ื ืืžืจ ืืœื ื”ืื“ื, ืืคื™’ ืขื›ื•”ื ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ื›ื””ื’, ื•ื‘ื™ืืจื• ืฉื ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื• ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ื›ื””ื’, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” “ื™ืงืจื” ื”ื™ื ืžืคื ื™ื ื™ื” ื›ื›ื”ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื ื›ื ืก ืœืคื ื™ ื•ืœืคื ื™ื, ื•ื”ื ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืขื™ื“ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืื’ื“ื” ืœื”ื’ืจื™”ืฉ ืืœื™ืฉื™ื‘, ืžื” ืขื ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืœื›ื””ื’.

ื•ื ืจืื” ื‘ื–ื” (ื•ืขื“”ื– ื›’ ื’ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืื’ื“ื” ืฉื) ื“ื”ื ื” ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ื›ื””ื’ ืžืงืจื™ื‘ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืžื ื—ืช ื—ื‘ื™ืชื™ืŸ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื˜ ืžืงืจื™ื‘ ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืžื ื—ืช ื—ื‘ื™ืชื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื ืชื—ื ืš ืœื›ื”ื•ื ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื•ื”ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื–ื”, ืฉื›ื””ื’ ื”ื™ื ื• ืžืชื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืžืชื—ื ืš ื‘ื›ืœ-ืขืช, ื›ื™ ื”ืจื™ ืžืชื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืžืฉืชื ื” ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ืขืœ-ื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืžื ื—ืช ื—ื‘ื™ืชื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ื•ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื”ืจื™ ื›ื”ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืžืฆื ืœืคื ื™ ื•ืœืคื ื™ื ื•ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”’, ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืงื“ืฉ ืงื“ืฉื™ื โ€“ ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื โ€“ ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื-ืœ ื—ื™, ื•ืžืชื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื.

ื•ื”ื ื” ื’ื ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ืฉื›ื™ื ื”, ื•ื’ื ื”ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืœืคื ื™-ื•ืœืคื ื™ื, ื•ื’ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉ ื”ืื“ื, ื•ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื-ืœ ื—ื™, ื”ืจื™ ืœื›ืš ืขืœ ื”ื”ื•ื’ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื ืืžืจ “ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื™ืขืฉื” ืื•ืชื ื”ืื“ื ื•ื—ื™ ื‘ื”ื”, ื›ื™ ืื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื›ื””ื’ ืฉื”ื™ื ื• ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžืชื—ื“ืฉ ื›ืœ ื”ืขืช. ื•ืžืœื ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ื–ื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืืฉืจ ื™ืขืฉื” ืื•ืชื ื•ื—ื™ ื‘ื”ื.

ื•ื›ื ืจืื” ื–ื”ื• ื”ืฉื‘ื— ืฉื ืืžืจ ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ื™ื” “ืื™ืฉ ื—ื™”, ื›ื™ ื”ืจื™ ื ืืžืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืงื‘ืฅ ืคืขืœื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžืœื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืชืชื ืงืจื•ื™ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื, ื›ื™ ืื›ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”’ ื”ืจื™ ื”ื ื“ื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ืขืฅ-ื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ื›ืฉื ืฉืจืฉืขื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืงืจื•ื™ื™ื ืžืชื™ื, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืืœื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ืœื”ื ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื, ื”ืจื™ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืื“ืจื‘ื ื›ื•ืœื ื“ื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ื’ื ื‘ืžื™ืชืชื, ื•ื–ื”ื• ื””ืื™ืฉ ื—ื™” ืฉื ืืžืจ ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื™ื“ืข.

ื•ื”ืจื™ ื›ืœ ืฉื ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžื•”ืจ ื”ื’ืจื‘”ืž ื–ืฆ”ืœ ื”ื™ื” “ืื™ืฉ ื—ื™”, ื•ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ ื‘ื“ื•ืจื• ื‘ื–ื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืœื ื—ื™ื•ืช. ื•ืœื ืขื•ื“, ืืœื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขืžื• ื›ื— ืขืฆื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืื—ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืœื, ื•ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉื›ื— ื–ื” ืืฆืœื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืฉืชื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”’, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื–ื›ื” ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื• ื™ืคืจื™ื—ื•. ืœื ื”ื™’ ืคืขื ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ืขื ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ, ืชื“ื™ืจ ืžืชื—ื–ืง ื•ื”ื•ืœืš, ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื”, ื•ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ื˜ืขื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ืจื‘ื”.

ื•ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื ื™ื” ื ืจืื”, ืฉื‘ืขืฆื ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืชื ืื™ ื‘ืงื ื™ืŸ-ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ื ื” ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืค’ ื™ืชืจื• “ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืื• ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืกื™ื ื™”, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืœื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื, ืžื”ื• “ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื””, ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืขืœื™ืš ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื ืชื ื•. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืชื ืื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืื“ื ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื—ื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื›ื™ืฉื ื”, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื‘ื” ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืืชืžื•ืœ, ื•ื›ืš ืื ื”ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืืฆืœื• ืื– ื”ื™ื ื• ืœื•ื‘ืฉ ืจื•ื—-ื—ื™ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื”, ื•ื–ื” ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœืชื•ืจื” ื›ืจืื•ื™.

ื•ื”ื ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉืžืขื ื• ืžืฉืžื™ื” ื“ืžืจืŸ ื”ื’ืจื”ืž ืฉืš ื–ืฆ”ืœ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ืจื— ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ-ื›ืœืœื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืฉืขื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื” ื˜ืจื•ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ืœื•, ืืœื ืฉืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื™’ ื ืจืื” ืฉื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืื‘ื™ ืขื–ืจื™ ืฉื™ืฆื ืœืื•ืจ ืžื–ืžืŸ, ื•ืืžืจ ื”ื’ืจื”ืž ื–ืฆ”ืœ, ื•ื›ื™ ืžื” ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ื—ื“ื•ืฉื™ื ืžืฉืœื™, ื•ื”ืจื™ ืœื›ืื•’ ื”ื™’ ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืืžืจ ืจ’ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ืื™ื™ื’ืจ ื•ื”ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™ื, ืืœื ืฉื™ืฉ ืคื” ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœื™ ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื ื ื™ ื—ื™ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื›ื™ ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื“ื, ื•ืื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืื ื™ ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื ืœืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื”.

ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืืžืจ ื”ื’”ืจ ืžืฉื” ืฉืคื™ืจื ื–ืฆ”ืœ ืœืคืจืฉ ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง: ื•ื—ื›ืžืช ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืชืกืจื—, ื•ื‘ื’ืž’ ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ื˜ื” ืงืจืื•ื”ื• ืขืœ ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืขืงื‘ืชื ื“ืžืฉื™ื—ื, ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ื›ื™ ืกืจื—ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืจื™ื— ืจืข ื™ื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ืื›ืŸ ื—ื›ืžืช ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ื” ืžืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ืจื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ืขืœื™ื”ื ื ืืžืจ ื•ื—ื›ืžืช ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืชืกืจื—, ื›ื™ ืžืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ืจื•ื—-ื—ื™ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ืชืกืจื—, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืคื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื“ื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืขืงื‘ืชื ื“ืžืฉื™ื—ืชื.

ื•ืื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ืชืจ ื–ื” ื ืชืขื˜ืจ ื‘ื• ืžื•”ืจ ื”ื’ืจื‘”ืž ื–ืฆ”ืœ, ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืฆืœื• ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ืœื ื›ื™ืฉื ื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื–ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื›ื— ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื›ื— ืœื”ืชื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ืœื• ืžื›ื‘ืจ, ื•ื”ื ื” ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืžืœื ืจื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ื ื›ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืืฆืœื•, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืคื” ื•ืœื—ื•ืฅ, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื—ืฉ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืžืžืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื›ื‘ืจ, ื•ื ื ืกื” ืœื”ื–ื›ืจ ื”ืื ืคืขื ืฉืžืขื ื• ืื•ืชื• “ื—ื•ื–ืจ” ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื”ืจื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืžืชื ืฉื ื›ืืจื™, ืžืœื ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืคืขืœื•ืช, ื›ืœื• ื—ื“ื•ืฉ.

ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉื ื• ืœืžื“ื ื• ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืฉ”ื ื—ื–”ืœ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืžืžืฉืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืืชื” ืžื•ืฆื ื‘ื”ื ื˜ืขื, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื ื•ื“ืขื•, ืืœื ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืžืžืฉืžืฉ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื˜ืขื ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื˜ืขื ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื• ื›ื‘ืจ, ื•ืžื™ื ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ื— ื›ื™ ื”ืจื™ ืืžืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉืฉ ืื ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืืžืจืชืš ื›ืžื•ืฆื ืฉืœืœ ืจื‘, ื•ื”ืจื™ ืœื ืžืฆื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ืœื•ื, ื•ืžืฆืื ืžืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ืืš ื”ืืžืช ืื™ื ื” ื›ืŸ, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆืื•, ื•ื–ื” ื’ื ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ืžืฉื ื—ื–”ืœ ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืชื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื” ื›ื‘ืฉืขื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ื•ืžืชื—ื“ืฉ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืฉืขื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ืžื”ืœืš ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืฆืื” ืœืื”ื‘ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืžื•ืคืœืื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืคืœื’ ื‘ืื”ื‘ืชื”.

ื•ื”ื ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืขืœื™ื• ืžืฉ”ื ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื”’ ื‘ื•ืจื ืงืฆื•ืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืœื ื™ื™ืขืฃ ื•ืœื ื™ื’ืข ื•ื›ื•’ ื•ืงื•ื™ ื”’ ื™ื—ืœื™ืคื• ื›ื—, ื™ืจื•ืฆื• ื•ืœื ื™ื’ืขื• ื™ืœื›ื• ื•ืœื ื™ืขืคื•, ื•ื”ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื”’ ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื•ื™ ื”’ ืœื ื™ืขืคื• ื•ืœื ื™ื’ืขื•, ื•ื”ื ื›ื“ืžื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ื•ื–ืืช ื ื™ืฉื ื ื”ื™ ืขืœ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื–ืฆ”ืœ, ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืจืื• ืื•ืชื• ื™ื’ืข ืื• ืขื™ืฃ, ื•ืœื ืฉืœื˜ื” ื‘ื• ืขืฆื‘ื•ืช, ื›ื™ ืชื“ื™ืจ ื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ื›ื—, ื•ื›ืคื™’ ื”ืจื“”ืง ืฉื, ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื, ื•ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื• ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื•ื‘ืœืข ื”ืžื•ืช ืœื ืฆื— ื•ืžื—ื” ื”’ ืืœืงื™ื ื“ืžืขื” ืžืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคื ื™ื.

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Harav Hagaon Yehuda Wagshal Shlita

The Danger Called Eilai

Parashas Chayei Sarah

Harav Hagaon Yehudah Wagshal Shlita

When Avraham Avinu sends Eliezer to find a shidduch for his son Yitzchak, he tells him to be careful not to take a wife for Yitzchak from the daughterse of Canaan, but rather to take only a girl from his own family. Eliezer responds by saying, ืื•ึผืœึทื™ ืœึนื ืชึนืื‘ึถื” ื”ึธืึดืฉึธึผืื” ืœึธืœึถื›ึถืช ืึทื—ึฒืจึทื™ โ€” maybe she wonโ€™t want to come with me.

This story of Avraham Avinu telling Eliezer to go find Yitzchak a wife is written twice in the Torah, first when Avraham Avinu instructs Eliezer to do this, and then again when Eliezer tells the whole story to Lavan and Besuel. When he recounts the story to them, he says, ืึปืœึทื™ ืœึนื ืชึตืœึตืšึฐ ื”ึธืึดืฉึธึผืื” ืึทื—ึฒืจึธื™. Here, the word ืึปืœึทื™ is spelled without a vav, and Rashi explains that it is written as if it saysืึตืœึทื™ย , because Eliezer had a daughter that he very much wanted Yitzchak to marry, so when he was trying to dissuade Avraham Avinu from sending him on this trip, arguing that perhaps the woman wouldnโ€™t want to come with him, his real intention was for himself.

Why does the word ืื•ึผืœึทื™ appear with the vav the first time, when the Torah records the dialogue between Eliezer and Avraham, and without the vav only the second time, when Eliezer is recounting the story to Lavan and Besuel?

I saw a beautiful pshat in the sefer of the Kotzker, who says that Eliezer was a loyal servant, and when Avraham Avinu told him to find a shidduch for Yitzchak, he was not going to consciously sabotage that shlichus just because he had his own daughter. Yet he was still a nogeia bโ€™davar, harboring a personal interest that this shlichus shouldnโ€™t work out. Originally, when he said ืื•ึผืœึทื™ ืœึนื ืชึนืื‘ึถื” ื”ึธืึดืฉึธึผืื” ืœึธืœึถื›ึถืช ืึทื—ึฒืจึทื™, he himself wasnโ€™t aware that the reason he was asking this question was that he was harboring his own self-interest. He thought he was asking a honest question: maybe she wonโ€™t want to come.

Only after he found Rivka, and he was no longer a nogeia bโ€™davar, since the shidduch was already done, was he able to look back objectively at what he had said originally and realize that the reason he asked this question was eilai โ€” his own self-interest.

This is a profound insight into human behavior. When a person has his own motives for doing a particular thing, he might convince himself that he is doing it for good and proper reasons, when deep inside, his intention is really eilai โ€” itโ€™s about himself. Thatโ€™s the danger of negius: it blinds a person.

Often, when a person is involved in a disagreement, and heโ€™s making claims in his own defense, he is actually blinded to the source of those claims, which is really his own personal interest.

The Nesiโ€™im Real Misstep

We find this idea in the Torah many times. For instance, Rashi at the end of Parashas Vayakhel teaches that when Hakadosh Baruch Hu called on Klal Yisrael to donate for the construction of the Mishkan, the nesiโ€™im donated last, and they were held accountable for it; that is why, when the word nesiโ€™im is written in Parashas Vayakhel, it is missing the letter yud, indicating that there is a complaint against them for donating last. Why, indeed, did they donate last?

Rashi gives two reasons that seem to contradict each other. First Rashi says that they decided to give last because they reasoned that after everyone else would donate, they would come and fill in the rest. This sounds like a very generous offer; Iโ€™m sure many people who raise money would love to hear such an offer โ€” โ€œRaise whatever you can and Iโ€™ll give you the rest.โ€ On the other hand, Rashi says that because they were lazy in donating to the Mishkan, they lost a letter of their name.

So were they lazy, or did they make a rational calculation that Bnei Yisrael could not possibly give everything, so they would see what was missing and foot the rest of the bill?

The nesiโ€™im were tzaddikim, and would never have allowed laziness to make them consciously delay donating to the Mishkan. They reasoned, however, that chances are that Klal Yisrael wonโ€™t raise all the money needed, so they would give the rest. In truth, they underestimated Klal Yisrael, who actually donated everything necessary for the Mishkan. Why didnโ€™t the nesiโ€™im realize that Klal Yisrael would come through? This, Chazal are saying, was a function of atzlus. The middah of atzlus would not have caused the nesiโ€™im to outright be lazy, but the negius caused by this atzlus was able to blind them enough that they would misjudge Klal Yisrael, and make a seemingly rational calculation that the nation would not donate all that was needed, so it made sense for them to give last and fill it what was missing. This rationalization served their middas ha’atzlus.

When a person has negius, they donโ€™t even realize why theyโ€™re doing something, and why theyโ€™re making the calculations they are making.

The Meraglimโ€™s Motive

Another example of this is found in the Mesilas Yesharim (ch. 11), which teaches that the reason the meraglim said lashon hara about Eretz Yisrael is that in the Midbar, they were leaders of Bnei Yisrael, and they were afraid that once Klal Yisrael would enter Eretz Yisrael there would be a change in leadership and they would lose their positions. To ensure that Bnei Yisrael would not enter Eretz Yisrael, they spoke lashon hara, with the hope that Bnei Yisrael would stay in the Midbar, so that they would be able to keep their jobs.

Now, itโ€™s impossible to say that the meraglim made a conscious decision to say lashon hara about Eretz Yisrael, as Chazal teach that they were righteous people when they departed on their mission. They would never have made a vicious plan to spoil Bnei Yisraelโ€™s entrance to Eretz Yisrael and the fulfillment of Hashemโ€™s promise to the Avos that their descendants would inherit the land, just for the sake of retaining their positions of authority. It must be that this buried self-interest caused them to see everything in Eretz Yisrael in a negative light. As Rashi observes, wherever they went, they saw people burying their dead, so they assumed that itโ€™s a dangerous land: ืึถืจึถืฅ ืึนื›ึถืœึถืช ื™ื•ึนืฉึฐืื‘ึถื™ื”ึธ ื”ึดื•ื. In truth, Hakadosh Baruch Hu did this for their benefit, so that the inhabitants of the land should be distracted with funerals and not notice the meraglim. Why didnโ€™t they see things clearly and recognize Hashemโ€™s kindness to them? It was because they had negius. Deep down, they wanted to stay in the Midbar and retain their authority, so they subconsciously looked for negative things to say about Eretz Yisrael so they could stay in the Midbar. This self-interest blinded them, so when they came back, they thought they were reporting the facts when they said, ืึถืจึถืฅ ืึนื›ึถืœึถืช ื™ื•ึนืฉึฐืื‘ึถื™ื”ึธ ื”ึดื•ื.

Becoming Enlightened

So we see in many places that when a person is nogeiโ€™a bโ€™davar, he might be speaking wise words that seem to make sense, but really his negius is blinding him. What, then, is a person supposed to do? Everyone is a nogeiโ€™a bโ€™davar in certain matters, so how can a person improve his vision so that he can see things clearly?

One option, of course, is to ask advice from an impartial person, and check if your plan of action make sense to an objective party before you act upon your own opinions and feelings. But thereโ€™s another strategy, one that can be found in the words we say in davening every day: ื•ึฐื”ึธืึตืจ ืขึตื™ื ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื‘ึฐึผืชื•ึนืจึธืชึถืšึธ. The simple meaning of ื‘ึฐึผืชื•ืจึธืชึถืšึธ is in the Torah; we are asking that when we learn a sugya, we should be able to understand it correctly, as opposed to the times when we start reading it and we experience darkness. But ื•ึฐื”ึธืึตืจ ืขึตื™ื ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื‘ึฐึผืชื•ึนืจึธืชึถืšึธ can also mean enlighten our eyes in all areas in life through the Torah. When a person is involved in Torah, it enlightens him, and even when he would normally be blinded by the things that make him nogeiโ€™a bโ€™davar, if his mind is connected to the daas and chochmah of the Torah, he is enlightened. Thatโ€™s one of the many reasons why a basic tenet of Yiddishkeit is emunas chachamim. A chacham is a person who is so deeply involved in Torah, and so profoundly connected to Torah, that his eyes are enlightened through the Torah, and he is able to view events without negius, even when others are taking a more narrow, clouded view due to their subjective biases.

The Torah gives a person clarity and sharpens his perspective on life.

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