ShmosBeshalach

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•

Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Nachum Partzovitz, ztโ€l

ื•ื™ื‘ื ืขืžืœืง ื•ื™ืœื—ื ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืจืคื™ื“ื™ื (ื™ื–, ื—)
ื‘ื’ืž’: ืฉืจืคื• ื™ื“ื™ื”ื ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”. (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื“ืฃ ืง”ื• ืข”ื)

ื‘ื™ืืจ ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื ื—ื•ื ืคืจืฆื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ: ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืขืœ ื ื™ืกื™ ื”’ ื•ื ืคืœืื•ืชื™ื•, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื™ื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช ื“ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช. ื›ื™ ืžื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืขืžืœ ื•ื™ื’ื™ืขื”, ืืš ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื, ืืฆืœื• ื–ื”ื• ืจืคื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

ืคืขื ืื—ืจืช ื‘ื™ืืจ ืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™ ื”ื’ืจ”ื  ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ: ืžื”ื• ‘ืฉืจืคื• ื™ื“ื™ื”ื ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”’, ื”ืจื™ ืœื ืืžืจื• ื—ื–”ืœ ืฉืœื ืœืžื“ื• ืชื•ืจื”.

ื•ื‘ื™ืืจ, ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืœืžื“ื• ืชื•ืจื”, ืืœื ืฉื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื‘ืจืคื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื›ื— ืœืขืžืœืง ืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

(ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื ื—ื•ื, ืขืž’ ืชืงืกื—)

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื

Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Hagadol Rebbi Binyomin Beinush Finkel, ztvkโ€l

ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื ื•ืฉ ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ
ื™”ื— ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉ”ืŸ
ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื ื•ืฉ ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ ื”ืฉืชื“ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื• ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ืืช ื’ื“ืœื•ืชื• ื”ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ื—ืกื“ื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ื™ื. ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืš ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ ืืžืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื”ืกืคื“ื• ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” “ื’ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืฆื ืข ืœื›ืช”.

ื—ืชื ื•, ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชืŸ ืฆื‘ื™ ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื” ืืžืจ: ื›ื•ืœื ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื• ื‘ื•, ืื‘ืœ ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืจืื” ืื•ืชื•, ื›ื•ืœื ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ืื•ืชื• ืื‘ืœ ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื•”.

ืžืจืŸ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ืžื™ืขื˜ ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืืš ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื• ื”ืฉื ื•ื ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื˜ื ืข ื•ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ืืช ื’ื“ืœื•ืชื•. ื›ืš ื“ืื’ ืœื”ื‘ืœื™ื˜ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืืช ืจื‘ื ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ืื—ืจื™ื, ื”ื’ืจ”ื— ืฉืžื•ืืœื‘ื™ืฅ, ื”ื’ืจ”ื  ืคืจืฆื•ื‘ื™ืฅ’ ื•ืฉืืจ ืจืืฉื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ืชื•ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฆื ื™ืข ืืช ืขืฆืžื•.

ืกื™ืคืจ ื—ืชื ื• ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ืื”ืจืŸ ืฉืจื’ื ืœื•ืคื™ืื ืกืงื™ ืฉืœื™ื˜”ื: ืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™ ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ ืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉ”ืก ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืคืขืžื™ื ื•ืืช ืฉื™ืฉื” ืกื“ืจื™ ืžืฉื ื” ืžืื•ืช ืคืขืžื™ื. ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ืคื ื” ืืœื™ื• ื”ื’ื‘ืื™ ืจืณ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื’ืœืฆืจ ื–ืฆืดืœ. ืดืฉืœื•ื ืขืœื™ื›ื ืจืณ ื‘ื™ื™ื ื•ืฉ,ืด ืืžืจ, ืดืืชืžื•ืœ ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ืžืฉื ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื”ืจื•ืช. ืื•ืœื™ ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื™ ืขื ื”ืคืฉื˜?ืด

ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ืกืก ืœืจื’ืข ื•ืืžืจ, ืดื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืžืงื™ืฃ ืฉืœ… ืขืœ ื”ืคืฉื˜, ืœื ื›ืš?ืด

ืดื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื•,ืด ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ. ืจืณ ื‘ื™ื™ื ื•ืฉ ืคืชื— ื•ืืžืจ ืœื’ื‘ืื™ ืœืงืจื•ื, ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชืžืจืŸ ืื™ืชื• ืืช ื”ืงื˜ืขื™ื ื”ืงืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื›ืฉืกื™ื™ืžื• ืคื ื” ืืœื™ื• ืจืณ ื‘ื™ื™ื ื•ืฉ ื•ืืžืจ ืดืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืš ื”ื‘ื ื• ืฉื ื™ื ื•.ืด ื•ืœื ืขืœืชื” ืขืœ ื“ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืื™ ืฉืจืณ ื‘ื™ื™ื ื•ืฉ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฆื˜ื˜ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืขืœ ืคื”… ื’ื ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื ื”, ื•ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืžื“ ืืช ืื•ืชื” ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ืื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืœืคื ื™.

ืชื ืฆื‘”ื”.

ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืœื›ื”

Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shpitzer Shlita

ื“ื™ื ื™ ื˜”ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜

ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื ื™ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื˜”ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืงืฆืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื˜”ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื˜ื”

ื”ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืจ”ื” ื“ืฃ ื™”ื“ ื“ื˜”ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืจ”ื” ืœืื™ืœื ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืœื›ื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืžืคืจื™ืฉ ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื” ื‘’ ื•ืžืขืฉืจ ืขื ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื” ื’’, ื•ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื” ืžืชื—ืœืฃ ื‘ืจ”ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืื™ืœื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื” ืžืชื—ืœืฃ ื‘ื˜”ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜. ื•ืขื•ื“ ื“ืชื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื—ื ื˜ื”. ื•ื›ืœ ืคืจื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื—ื ื˜ื” ื‘ืฉื ื” ื’’ ืœืคื ื™ ื˜”ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ื“ื™ื ื• ื›ืคืจื™ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื” ื‘’ ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืคืจื™ืฉ ืžืžื ื• ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™. ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื—ื ื˜ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื˜”ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื” ื“’ ืžืคืจื™ืฉ ืžืžื ื• ืžืขืฉืจ ืขื ื™ ื›ืคืจื™ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื” ื’’. ื•ืข”ืฉ ื‘ื’ืž’ ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื™ืฆืื• ืจื•ื‘ ื’ืฉืžื™ ืฉื ื”, ื•ื‘ืจืฉ”ื™ ื›ื™ ื”ืื™ืœืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ื’ืฉื ื•ื™ืฆื ืฉืจืฃ ื‘ืื™ืœื ื•ืช.

ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ืฉื ื” ื™ืฉ ื“ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘”ื ืค”ื“ ืžืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ื””ื˜ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉื ื›ื ืกื• ืœืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืื ื”ื™ื• ืชื‘ื•ืื” ืื• ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ืื• ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื™ืœืŸ ื•ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืขื•ื ืช ื”ืžืขืฉืจื•ืช ืงื•ื“ื ืจ”ื” ื”ืจื™ ืืœื• ืžื•ืชืจื™ืŸ.

ื•ืคื™’ ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื–ืจืขื™ื ืค”ื” ืž”ื ื“ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืชื•ืœื” ืื ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื—ื ื˜ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืจ”ื”, ื•ืจืง ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืžืขืฉืจ ื“ืชื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืœืŸ ื”ืจื™ ืจ”ื” ืœืื™ืœืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื˜”ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜, ืื‘ืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื”ืจื™ ื”ืฉื“ื” ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืžืจ”ื” ืขื“ ืจ”ื”.

ืื›ืŸ ื”ืฉืœ”ื” ืฉืขืจ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืื•ืช ืง’ ืคื™’ ื“ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘”ื ืงื•ื“ื ืจ”ื” ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจ”ื” ืฉืœื”ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื˜”ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜. ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื ื˜ื” ืžื˜”ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืขื“ ื˜”ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ืฉืžื™ื ื™ืช. ื•ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ืจืžื‘”ื ื ื“ืคืก ื‘ื’ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉืœ”ื” ืฉืœื ืœื˜ืขื•ืช ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืจืžื‘”ื. ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืคื™’ ื”ืจืื‘”ื“ ื•ืจ”ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืชื•”ื›, ื•ืข”ืฉ ืชื•”ื› ื“ื“ืจืฉ ืฉื ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืŸ, ื“ืืฃ ืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื“ืฉืจื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืงืจืงืข ืž”ืž ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ืืกื•ืจื™ื ืขื“ ื˜”ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื’ืจ”ื ื”ื’ื™ื” ื‘ืชื•”ื› ื•ืœื ื’ืจืก ืขื“ ื˜”ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜. ื•ื›ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืจืข”ื ื•ื›ืคื•ืช ืชืžืจื™ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื ืงื˜ื• ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื›ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘”ื. ื•ืข’ ืก’ ื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ืค”ื ืกืง”ืฆ ื‘ืฉื ืจ”ื— ื‘ืจืœื™ืŸ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื›ืฉืœ”ื”. ืื‘ืœ ืื– ื ื“ื‘ืจื• ื—”ื” ื ”ื“ ื“ื”ืจื‘ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจ”ืฉ.

ื•ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื—ื ื˜ื• ืื—ืจ ืจ”ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืžื™ื ื™ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื˜”ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜, ืื™ื ื ื”ืคืงืจ ื›ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื•ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืจื•”ืž. ื•ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ ืœื ื ืงืจืื• ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื›ื™ ื”ื ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื˜”ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜, ื•ื”ื ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืจื•”ืž. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืื™ ืžืคืจื™ืฉ ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ืื• ืžืขืฉืจ ืขื ื™. ื•ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื ืงื˜ื• ืฉืžืคืจื™ืฉ ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™. ืืš ื“ื ื• ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ื”ืฉื“ื” ืฉื ื” ืฉื ื”, ืฉื”ื ืœื”ืคืจื™ืฉ ืžืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื ื” ื–ื• ืขืœ ืฉื ื” ืื—ืจืช, ื”ืื ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื—ื ื˜ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื˜”ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื™ืช, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืคืจื™ืฉ ืžื”ื ืขืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื—ื ื˜ื• ืื—ืจ ื˜”ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืฉื ืงืจืื• ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื”.

ืจืคื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืžืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” - ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืจืข ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื

Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Nosson Tzvi Finkel ztโ€l

“ื•ื™ืจื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ื”ื™ื“ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื” ื”’ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื™ื™ืจืื• ื”ืขื ืืช ื”’ ื•ื™ืืžื™ื ื• ื‘ื”’ ื•ื‘ืžืฉื” ืขื‘ื“ื•.ย ืื– ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืžืฉื” ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ื–ืืช ืœื”’ ื•ื™ืืžืจื• ืœืืžืจ ืืฉื™ืจื” ืœื”’ ื•ื’ื•’, ื–ื” ืืœื™ ื•ืื ื•ื”ื• ืืœื•ื”ื™ ืื‘ื™ ื•ืืจื•ืžืžื ื”ื•” (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื“, ืœื. ื˜ื•, ื- ื‘).

ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ – ืžื”ืฉื’ืช ืจื•ื””ืง, ื•ืขื“ ืœืคืงืคื•ืง ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”

ื‘ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ื–ื›ื• ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ื ื™ืกื™ื ื•ื ืคืœืื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื ื•ืœื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืžื•ืชื•, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื“ืจืฉื• ื—ื–”ืœ (ืžื›ื™ืœืชื ืฉื, ื‘): “ืจืืชื” ืฉืคื—ื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ื ืžื” ืฉืœื ืจืื” ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื•ืฉืืจ ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื”. ืœืื—ืจ ืจืื™ื™ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ืคืœืื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื™ืจืืช ื”’ ื•ืœืืžื•ื ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื•ืฉืœื™ืžื” ื‘ืงื‘”ื” ื•ื‘ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืข”ื”, ืขื“ ืฉืฉืจืชื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ืืžืจื• ืฉื™ืจื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงื‘”ื”.

ื•ื”ื ื”, ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืจืคื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืฆืžืื• ืœืžื™ื, ื ืืžืจ (ืฉื ื™ื–, ื‘- ื“): “ื•ื™ืจื‘ ื”ืขื ืขื ืžืฉื” ื•ื™ืืžืจื• ืชื ื• ืœื ื• ืžื™ื ื•ื ืฉืชื”, ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืžืฉื” ืžื” ืชืจื™ื‘ื•ืŸ ืขืžื“ื™ ืžื” ืชื ืกื•ืŸ ืืช ื”’.ย ื•ื™ืฆืžื ืฉื ื”ืขื ืœืžื™ื ื•ื™ืœืŸ ื”ืขื ืขืœ ืžืฉื” ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืœืžื” ื–ื” ื”ืขืœื™ืชื ื• ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ืœื”ืžื™ืช ืื•ืชื™ ื•ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื•ืืช ืžืงื ื™ ื‘ืฆืžื. ื•ื™ืฆืขืง ืžืฉื” ืืœ ื”’ ืœืืžืจ ืžื” ืืขืฉื” ืœืขื ื”ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ืžืขื˜ ื•ืกืงืœื•ื ื™”. ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืชืžื•ื”ื™ื ืžืื“, ื”ื™ืืš ื™ืจื“ื• ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืžื“ืจื’ื” ื›ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืฉืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื•ืฉืœื™ืžื” ื‘ืงื‘”ื” ื•ื‘ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื•, ืœืžื“ืจื’ื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืขื“ ืฉื”ืชืœื•ื ื ื• ื•ืจื‘ื• ืขื ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื™ืกืงืœื•ื”ื•, ื•ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื• ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืงื‘”ื”.

ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ, ืžืŸ ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืืžื•ื ืชื ื‘ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื”ืชืจื•ืคืคื” ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉื›ืœืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื”ืงื‘”ื” ืฉื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืงืจื‘ื. ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉื, ื–): “ื•ื™ืงืจื ืฉื ื”ืžืงื•ื ืžืกื” ื•ืžืจื™ื‘ื”, ืขืœ ืจื™ื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืขืœ ื ืกื•ืชื ืืช ื”’ ืœืืžืจ ื”ื™ืฉ ื”’ ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื• ืื ืื™ืŸ”, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื“ืจืฉื• ื—ื–”ืœ (ืฉืžื•”ืจ ื›ื•, ื‘) ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื”ืงื‘”ื” ืฉื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืงืจื‘ื, ื‘ื ืขืžืœืง ื•ื ืœื—ื ื‘ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื ื•ื”ื ืคืœืื•ืช ืฉืขืฉื” ืœื”ื ื”ืงื‘”ื”. ื•ืžื” ืžืื“ ื™ืฉ ืœืชืžื•ื”, ืื™ืš ื”ืชื“ืจื“ืจื• ืžืžื“ืจื’ืชื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืœืื—ืจ ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ.

ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช โ€“ ืจืคื™ื•ืŸ ืžืžืœื—ืžืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”

ื•ื ืจืื”, ื›ื™ ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืงืฉื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื”ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืขื•ื ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• โ€“ ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขืžืœืง. ื”ื ื” ื ืืžืจ ืฉื (ื™ื–, ื—): “ื•ื™ื‘ื ืขืžืœืง ื•ื™ืœื—ื ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืจืคื™ื“ื™ื”, ื•ื“ืจืฉื• ื—ื–”ืœ (ืžื›ื™ืœืชื, ืฉื), “ืื™ืŸ ืจืคื™ื“ื™ื ืืœื ืจืคื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื“ื™ื, ืœืคื™ ืฉืจืคื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื“ื™ื”ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื”, ืœื›ืš ื‘ื ืฉื•ื ื ืขืœื™ื”ื, ืœืคื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ื ื ื‘ื ืืœื ืขืœ ืจืคื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื“ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื””. ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉืชื—ื™ืœืช ื™ืจื™ื“ืชื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืื•ืชื ืœืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”, ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื–ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื—ื–”ืœ “ืจืคื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื“ื™ื”ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื”” ืžืฉืžืข, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ืขืกืงื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืœืœ, ืืœื ืฉื ื—ืœืฉื• ื•ื ืชืขืฆืœื• ื‘ืขืกืง ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื (ืฉื): “ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืชืขืฆืœื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื ืžืฉืœื” ืœืžื™ื ื•ืœืืฉ, ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ื›ื’, ื›ื˜): ‘ื›ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื›ืืฉ’, ื•ืœื ื ืชืขืกืงื• ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ืœื–ื” ื”ืขื ื™ืฉื ื‘ืฆื™ืžืื•ืŸ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืžื™ื, ื•ื‘ืืฉ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืฉืœ ืขืžืœืง”. ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืœื ื• ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขื–ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื”ื™ื• ื—ืกืจื™ื ื‘’ืžืœื—ืžืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”’. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•, ืฉืœื ืขืžืœื• ืœื™ืฉื ื•ืœื™ืชืŸ ื”ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžืชื•ืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืคืœืคื•ืœ, ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืื‘ื•ืช (ืค”ื•, ืž”ื•). ื›ืš ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื™ืจื™ื“ืชื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืžืขืœืชื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื•ื–ืืช ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืชืขืฆืœื• ื•ื”ืคืกื™ืงื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืชื•ืš ‘ืžืœื—ืžืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”’, ื™ืจื“ื• ืžืžื“ืจื’ืชื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžื˜ื” ืžื˜ื”, ืขื“ ืฉืจืฆื• ืœื ืกื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงื‘”ื”, ื•ืืฃ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื”ืงื‘”ื” ืฉื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืงืจื‘ื.

ืœืžื“ื ื• ืžื›ืืŸ, ืฉืžื™ื“ ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชืขืฆืœื™ื ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื— ืœืขืžืœืง ืœื”ืœื—ื ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ื ืœืžื“ ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืžืœื—ืžืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœืคืœืคื•ืœ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืง ื—ื‘ืจื™ื. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืืจื™ื›ื• ื—ื–”ืœ (ืชืขื ื™ืช ื–, ื) ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”, ื•ืืžืจื•: “ืžื” ืืฉ ืื™ื ื• ื“ื•ืœืง ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ ืืฃ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ืŸ ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• (ืฉื): “ื—ืจื‘ ืขืœ ืฉื•ื ืื™ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืขื•ืกืงื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ื“ ื‘ืชื•ืจื””.

ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขืžืœืง ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”

ืขื•ื“ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืื•ื””ื— ื”ืง’ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื–, ื˜), ืฉืžื˜ืขื ื–ื” ืฉืœื— ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืืช ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืขืžืœืง: “ื ืชื—ื›ื ืžืฉื” ื›ืฉื”ื›ื™ืจ ื”ืขื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืฆื“ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืืžืจ ืื™ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœืฆืืช ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ืืœื ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉื ืืžืจ ืขืœื™ื• (ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื’, ื™ื): ‘ืœื ื™ืžื™ืฉ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืื•ื”ืœ’ ื‘ืขืกืง ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืืžืจ ืœื• ืฉื™ื‘ื—ืจ ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื• ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื™ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื””. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ื›ื—ื• ืฉืœ ืขืžืœืง ื”ื•ื ืžื—ืžืช ื”ื—ื•ืœืฉื” ื•ื”ืขืฆืœื•ืช ื‘ืขืกืง ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืžืžื™ืœื ืจืง ืื ืฉื™ื ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืขืžืœืง, ื•ืœื ืฆื—ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจืชื.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืื™ืชื ื‘ื—ื–”ืœ (ื”ื•”ื“ ื‘ืจืฉ”ื™ ืฉื, ื˜ื–): “ื ืฉื‘ืข ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉืžื• ืฉืœื ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืกืื• ืฉืœื ืขื“ ืฉื™ืžื—ื” ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ืขืžืœืง ื›ื•ืœื•, ื•ื›ืฉื™ืžื—ื” ืฉืžื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืฉื ืฉืœื ื•ื”ื›ืกื ืฉืœื”, ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ื”ืฉืœื ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืžื—ื” ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ืขืžืœืง, ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžื” ืฉื ืชื‘ืืจ ืฉื›ื•ื— ืขืžืœืง ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ืจืง ืื ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื—ืœืฉื™ื ื•ืžืชืขืฆืœื™ื ื‘ืขืกืง ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื ืžืฆื, ืฉืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”’ ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœื™ื ื• ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื”, ืœื”ืชื—ื–ืง ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืฉืืช ื‘ืขืกืง ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืง ื—ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”.

ืจืคื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืžืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” โ€“ ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื›ืœ ื”ืจืข ื•ื”ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื•ืœื

ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื“ืขืช, ืฉืขืžืœืง ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืจืข ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ืจืคื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืขืฆืœื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ืชื ื• ื›ื•ื— ืœืขืžืœืง ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื›ื•ื— ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืจืข ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื•ื›ืฉื ืฉื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขืžืœืง ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืขืžืœืง ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืข”ื™ ืขืžืœื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืจื•ืช ืชืœื•ื™ื” ืจืง ื‘ืขืžืœื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ืืžื ื ื’ื ื‘ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืชื ืื™, ืฉืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”ืชืžื“ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ืœืœื ื”ืคืกืง ื•ืœืœื ื”ื™ืกื— ื”ื“ืขืช. ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ื• (ืฉื): “ืœื ื™ืžื™ืฉ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืื”ืœ”.

ื–ื”ื• ื”ื˜ืขื, ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืฆื™ื•ื” ืืช ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืงื‘”ื” (ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื, ื—): “ืœื ื™ืžื•ืฉ ืกืคืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื–ื” ืžืคื™ืš, ื•ื”ื’ื™ืช ื‘ื• ื™ื•ืžื ื•ืœื™ืœื”, ืœืžืขืŸ ืชืฉืžื•ืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื•, ื›ื™ ืื– ืชืฆืœื™ื— ืืช ื“ืจื›ืš ื•ืื– ืชืฉื›ื™ืœ”. ื”ื›ื•ื— ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื ืฆื—ื, ื”ื•ื ืืš ื•ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ “ื•ื”ื’ื™ืช ื‘ื• ื™ื•ืžื ื•ืœื™ืœื”” – ืขืกืง ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืœื ื”ืคืกืง ื•ืœืœื ื”ื™ืกื— ื”ื“ืขืช.

ื‘ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” (ืฉื ื™ื–, ื˜) ื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื™ืกื•ื“ ื–ื”, ืฉื”ื›ื— ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืจืข ื•ืœื ืฆื—ื• ื”ื•ื ืืš ื•ืจืง ืข”ื™ ืขืžืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ื–ืืช, ืžืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขืžืœืง (ืฉื ื™ื–, ื™ื): “ื•ื”ื™ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืจื™ื ืžืฉื” ื™ื“ื• ื•ื’ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื ื™ื— ื™ื“ื• ื•ื’ื‘ืจ ืขืžืœืง”. ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื™ื™ืง ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืคืกื•ืง, ื ืืžืจ “ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืจื™ื” “ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื ื™ื—” ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืขืชื™ื“, ื•ืœื “ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืจื™ื” “ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ื™ื—” ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืขื‘ืจ. ื‘ื”ื›ืจื—, ืฉื‘ื ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉื›ื•ื— ืขืžืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืจืง ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขืžืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขืžืœื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ, ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ, ื›ืืฉืจ ืจื—”ืœ ื™ืงื•ืžื• ืขืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืงื˜ืจื’ื™ื, ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืžื•ืœื ื•ืœื ืฆื—ื ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืกืคืช ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื‘ืขืžืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

ืœืฆืขืจื™ื ื• ื”ืจื‘, ื’ื ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช ื›ื•ื— ื”ืจืข ื‘ืขื•ืœื – ื›ื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ืขืžืœืง, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ืืช ืืœื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืจืคื• ื™ื“ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืขืžืœื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชื—ื–ืง ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืฉืืช ื•ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืขื•ื– ื‘ืขืžืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื• ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืจืข ื•ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืขื•. ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขืœ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื–ื›ื• ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืื”ืœื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื‘ื›ื•ื—ื ืœืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื ืืช ื”ื ืืžืจ ืขืœ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข “ืœื ื™ืžื™ืฉ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืื”ืœ”.

ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื–ื‘ื•ื‘ ื”ืžื–ื™ืง ื“ืจืš ืคื™ืจืฆื” ืงื˜ื ื”

ืœื“ืื‘ื•ื ื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžืขืชื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื, ืฉืืฃ ืฉืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื”ืชืžื“ื”, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืงืฆืช ืจืคื™ื•ืŸ. ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื“ืขืช, ื›ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื”. ื›ื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ืขืžืœืง ื”ื•ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ื—ื•ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ื•, ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื“ื™ ื‘ืžืขื˜ ืจืคื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข ืžื•ืฆื ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืจื›ื™ื ื•ืœื”ื—ืจื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื›ืœ.

ื”ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ ื‘ืคืจืฉืชื ื• ื›ื•ืชื‘ (ืจืžื– ืจืกื‘), ืฉืขืžืœืง ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื–ื‘ื•ื‘ ื”ืœื”ื•ื˜ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžื›ื” ื•ืžื•ืฆืฅ ืืช ื“ื ื”ืื“ื. ื‘ื™ืืจ ื–ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ ื™ืงืจ (ืฉื ื™ื–, ื—) ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช (ืกื, ื): “ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื–ื‘ื•ื‘ ื•ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืžืคืชื—ื™ ื”ืœื‘, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืงื”ืœืช ื™, ื): ‘ื–ื‘ื•ื‘ื™ ืžื•ื•ืช ื™ื‘ืื™ืฉ ื™ื‘ื™ืข ืฉืžืŸ ืจื•ืงื—’. ื•ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืžืจ ื›ืžื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื˜ื” ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื“, ื–): ‘ืœืคืชื— ื—ื˜ืืช ืจื•ื‘ืฅ'”. ื˜ื‘ืขื• ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื‘ื•ื‘ ืœื—ืคืฉ ืคืฆืข ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื“ื, ื•ื›ืฉืžื•ืฆืื” ื”ื•ื ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ื• ื•ืžื•ืฆืฅ ื“ืจื›ื• ืืช ื“ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื. ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ, ืฉื–ื• ื’ื ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง ‘ืœืคืชื— ื—ื˜ืืช ืจื•ื‘ืฅ’. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข ืจื•ื‘ืฅ ื•ืžืžืชื™ืŸ ืœืคืชื— ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื—ื™ื˜ื” ืื—ืช, ื•ื›ืฉืžื•ืฆืื• ื”ื•ื ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ื• ื•ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื—ื˜ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื“ื.

ืžืขืชื” ื ื‘ื™ืŸ, ื›ืžื” ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืžื›ืœ ืžืฉืžืจ ืœื‘ืœ ื ืจืคื” ืืช ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ืžืขืกืง ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืœืœ, ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข ื•ืœื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจืข ืืคื™ืœื• ืคื™ืจืฆื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ื“ืจื›ื”. ื ืชืืจ ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืืช ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืคื” ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืขืžืœืง, ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื• ืฉื”ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืขืžืœืง ืชืœื•ื™ ืจืง ื‘ื•, ื”ืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื”ื™ื” ืžืืžืฅ ืืช ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืขืžืœืง ื•ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืขื•. ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœืžื, ืืœื ื”ื•ื ืืžืช ืœืืžื™ืชื”! ื”ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืขืžืœืง ื•ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืจืข ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ืžืœื•ืžื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ืืช ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื ื•, ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืœื”ืชืืžืฅ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœืœื ื”ืคืกืง ื•ืœืœื ื”ื™ืกื— ื”ื“ืขืช.

ืขื•ื“ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื“ืขืช, ืฉืœื ืจืง ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืกื•ืจื™ื ื ืคืจืฆืช ื—ื•ืžืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ื ื™ืชื ืช ื“ืจื™ืกืช ืจื’ืœ ืœืขืžืœืง ื•ื—ื™ื™ืœื•ืชื™ื•. ืคื™ืจืฆื” ื›ื–ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ืขืฉื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืชืจื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืืš ืื™ื ื ืจืื•ื™ื™ื. ืœืคื ื™ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืœื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ: “ื•ืืชื ืชื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ืžืžืœื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื’ื•ื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉ” (ืฉื ื™ื˜, ื•), ื•ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘”ืŸ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื˜, ื‘), ืฉืžื”ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื•ืชืจื™ื, ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืงื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืชืื•ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื””ื–. ืœื•ืœื™ ืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืื“ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืงื•ืข ืจืืฉื• ื•ืจื•ื‘ื• ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืขื•ื””ื– ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื›ื“ื™ ‘ื ื‘ืœ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”’. ื•ืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื• ื ืืžืจื” ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืชื ืื™ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” – ืื“ื ื”ืฉืงื•ืข ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืขื•ื””ื– ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื“ื‘ืขื™, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืฉืงื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืชืื•ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื””ื– ื”ื™ื ืคื™ืจืฆื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืื“ ืฉื”ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืขื“ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืชื—ืชื™ืช.

ื˜ื‘ืขื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืจื’ืข ื”ื”ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“

ื‘ืขืช ืฉืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืจืคื™ื•ืŸ, ืชื•ืงืฃ ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื™ื™ืื•ืฉ ื•ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ืชืงื•ื” ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™. ืืš ื™ืฉ ืœื“ืขืช, ืฉื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืจื’ืข ื”ื”ื•ื•ื” ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืžื‘ื˜, ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.

ื™ืกื•ื“ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืคืจืฉืชื™ื ื•, ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืžืืจื™ืš ืืช ื“ืจื›ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื“ืจืš ืืจืฅ ืคืœื™ืฉืชื™ื, ืžืฉื•ื ื”ื—ืฉืฉ “ืคืŸ ื™ื ื—ื ื”ืขื ื‘ืจืื•ืชื ืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ืฉื‘ื• ืžืฆืจื™ืžื”” (ื™ื’, ื™ื–). ื—ืฉืฉ ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ. ื”ืœื ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืฉืชืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื™ื•ื ื•ื ื•ืจื ื•ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืฆืคื™ื ืฉืชื‘ื•ื ื’ืื•ืœืชื ื•ื™ื•ืฆื™ืื ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืžืžืฆืจื™ื. ืžื” ืžืงื•ื ื™ืฉ ืœื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื™ืขื“ื™ืคื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืฆืจื™ื, ืœืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื•ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืขื ืคืœื™ืฉืชื™ื. ื”ืœื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ืื ื• ื‘’ื“ื•ืจ ื“ืขื”’ ื•ืœื ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ ื“ืขืช ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ืืฉืจ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืคื ื™ื”ื.

ืœืžื“ื ื• ืžื›ืืŸ, ื›ื™ ื˜ื‘ืขื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืจื’ืข ื”ื”ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืžืขืฉื™ื•. ื™ื“ืข ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืฉื‘ืจืื•ืชื ืืช ื”ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ื ืœื—ืžื™ื ืืชื, ื”ื™ื• ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืœืžืฆืจื™ื ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ืืฉืจ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ืžืช ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื. ืื›ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœืฆืืช ืžืžื‘ื˜ ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื ื–ื” ื•ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืžืขืฉื™ื•. ื•ืื ื ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื ืจืื”, ืฉื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžืขืœืช ื—ื›ืžื™ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ืืฉืจ ื“ืขืชื ื”ื™ื ‘ื“ืขืช ืชื•ืจื”’. ืฉื›ืŸ ืื“ื ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื•ืขืžืœ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื•, ืžืชืจื’ืœ ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืžืขืžื™ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืจื—ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืชื•ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืืœ ืœื™ื‘ื• ืœืจืื•ืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืืช ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืขืฉื™ื•. ื–ื›ื•ืจื ื™ ืžื”ื ื”ื’ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฆ”ืœ, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืืช ืžื‘ื˜ื• ื”ืขืžื•ืง ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื“ื‘ืจ. ื•ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืืช ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืฉื•ื—ื— ืขืžื• ื”ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ืขืฆื”, ื›ืœ ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื•ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ืœื™ ืกื•ืฃ. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื˜ื‘ืขื” ืฉืœ ืœืžื“ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืคื•ืงื—ืช ืืช ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืœื‘ืœ ื™ืจืื” ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืืœื ืžื›ืœ ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื•.

ื›ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืขืœื” ืžื™ื“ ืžืชื’ื‘ืจื™ืŸ

ืฉื ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืฉื ื” (ืจ”ื” ื›ื˜, ื): “ื•ื”ื™ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืจื™ื ืžืฉื” ื™ื“ื• ื•ื’ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื’ื•’, ื•ื›ื™ ื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ืžืœื—ืžื” ืื• ืฉื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืœื—ืžื”, ืืœื ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืš ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ืŸ ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืขืœื” ื•ืžืฉืขื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ืืช ืœื‘ื ืœืื‘ื™ื”ื ืฉื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืชื’ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ืื ืœืื• ื”ื™ื• ื ื•ืคืœื™ื”.

ื”ืžื”ืจืฉ”ื (ืฉื) ื‘ื™ืืจ, ืฉ’ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ืŸ ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืขืœื”’ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ื• ืืช ืœื™ื‘ื ืœืฉืžื™ื. ื•ืืฃ ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื”ืจืฉ”ื ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื™ื™ืง ืžื“ื•ืข ื ืงื˜ื” ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ืŸ โ€“ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืœืœืžื“ื ื• ืืช ืžื” ืฉื ืชื‘ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ, ืฉื”ืื“ื ืœื ื™ืฆืžืฆื ืืช ืžื‘ื˜ื• ืขืœ ืจื’ืข ื”ื”ื•ื•ื”, ืืœื ื™ืกืชื›ืœ ืœืžืขืœื” โ€“ ืขืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืžืขืฉื™ื•.

ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ, ื›ื™ ืœื›ืœ ืื“ื ื™ืฉื ื ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืกื• ืœื™ื™ืื•ืฉ, ืื•ืœื ื”ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืจื—ื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื. ืœื ื–ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ื•ืคืœ ื‘ื™ื™ืื•ืฉ, ืืœื ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžืชื—ื–ืง. ืืš ืื“ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืจื—ื•ืง ืืœื ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ืจื” ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื”ื•ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืžื•ืฉืคืข ืžื›ืœ ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืœืจืขื”, ื•ื ื•ืคืœ ืœื™ืื•ืฉ. ืื“ื ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ืจื’ืœื™ื•, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื›ืืœื•.

ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื‘ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ืœืคื ื™ื• ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื–ืง, ื•ืœื ืœื”ืชืคืขืœ ืžื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืงืฉื™ื™ื. ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื ืฆืจื•ืช ื•ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืงืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื”ื ืชื•ืœื“ืช ื”ืจืคื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืกืง ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืจืง ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื‘ืขืžืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืžื ืข ืื•ืชื. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ืœืจืคื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืกืง ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื‘ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื›ืคื•ืœื” ื•ืžื›ื•ืคืœืช, ืœื”ืชื—ื–ืง ื‘ื”ืชืžื“ื”, ื‘ื™ื’ื™ืขื” ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืง ื—ื‘ืจื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื ืœื‘ื•ื ืœืกื“ืจ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื”ืชืžื“ื”. ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ืื™ื ื ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“. ืื ื—ืœื™ืœื” ืœื ื ืชื—ื–ืง ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื.

ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ื‘ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ‘ืฉื˜ืจื•ืช’ ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช (ื™ื—, ื‘), ื–ื• ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉืช. ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื–ื• ืขืžื•ืงื” ืžืื“ ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆืืช ืžืžื ื” ืœืžื“ื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื ื™ื›ื ืก ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”’ ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื ื–ื• ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช, ื‘ื”ืชืžื“ื” ืขืฆื•ืžื” ื•ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื‘ื“ืงื“ื•ืง. ืื ื ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ ื•ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื—ื–ืงื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื”!

ืžืจืŸ ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ ืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื•:

ื”ืชื‘ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–”ืœ, ืฉื”ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื–ื‘ื•ื‘ ืฉืžื—ื›ื” ืœืคื™ืจืฆื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื“ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืžืฆื•ืฅ ื“ืจื›ื” ืืช ื“ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ื•ืืฃ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืชืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ‘ื ื‘ืœ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”’, ื‘ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืžื•ืจื™ื, ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื ืคืชื—ื• ื‘ืงื™ืจื‘ืช ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ืœื™ืœื” ื•ืกื‘ื™ืื”. ื•ืืฃ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœ, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืฉื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ‘ื–ื•ืœืœ ื•ืกื•ื‘ื’, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืชืœื•ืช ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœื—ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื˜ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื›ืชื•ื‘ ‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื–ื•ืœืœื•ืช’, ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืฉื”ื ื ืคืชื—ื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืืจื‘ืข ืืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”!. ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืืžืจ ืœื™ ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ื“ืขืช, ื›ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉื™ื ื’ื’ ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ‘ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ’ ื•ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื–ื” ‘ื‘ื™ืช ืžื™ืจ’. ืœืฆืขืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžื™ืœืชื ื“ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื•ืชื ื›ืœืœ, ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข ื ืœื—ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืจืคื•ืช ืืช ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืžืžืœื—ืžืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ืขืžืœื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืžื™ื“ ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืžื•ืœ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืืช ื›ืœ ืชืื•ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ื•ืœื ื–ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืืœื ืืฃ ืžื”ื’ืจื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืชืื•ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ื›ืื™ืœื• ืื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘’ืฉื•ืง ื”ื›ืจืžืœ’. ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื“ืขืช, ื›ื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฉื ื›ื ืก ืœืžืงื•ื ื›ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ‘ื˜ื•ื‘ืœ ื•ืฉืจืฅ ื‘ื™ื“ื•’! ื›ืฉื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ืชื”ื™ื•’ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœ’ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื“ืจื’ื”’ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืืœื ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื’ืžื•ืจ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“! ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืคืจืกื ื–ืืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ืฉืœื ื™ืžืฉืš ื—ืœื™ืœื” ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”’ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื–ื”. ืื ื™ ืžื—ืคืฉ ืืช ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืฉืžื™ืข ืืช ื—ื•ืžืจืช ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื–ื”, ืื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื™ ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืงื•ื ื” ืฉื, ืชืขืœื” ื”ืชืžื™ื”ื”, ืžื™ ืื ื™ ืฉืืงืคื™ื“, ื•ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ื›ืœืœ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ืื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ, ืชืขืœื” ื”ืชืžื™ื”ื”, ืžื™ ืื ื™ ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืžื” ืืกื•ืจ ื•ืžื” ืžื•ืชืจ. ืื•ืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื›ืœ ื‘ืจ ื“ืขืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืชืœื•ื™ ืืœื ื‘ื›ื! ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื” ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ืืœื• ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•. ืื ืœื ื™ื›ื ืกื• ืœืงื ื•ืช ืืฆืœื ื•ืœื ื™ื—ื–ืงื• ืืช ื™ื“ื™ื”ื, ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื™ืชืŸ ืฉืคืข ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื•ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืืœื• ื™ืกื’ืจื•. ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ืจื—ืžื™ ืฉืžื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื, ืœื ืžื›ื‘ืจ ื ืคื˜ืจื” ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ืช ื—ื–ืŸ ืžืื•ืคืงื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืื‘ืจืš ืฆืขื™ืจ ืฉื ืคื˜ืจ, ืžื™ ืืฉื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืื ืœื ืื ื—ื ื•? ืื ื—ืœื™ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืคื™ืจืฆื” ืงื˜ื ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื— ื”ืจืข ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก. ืื ื—ืœื™ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืจืคื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขืกืง ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื™ืฉ ืœืขืžืœืง ื›ื•ื— ืœื‘ื ื•ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื. ืื•ืœื ืื ื ืชื—ื–ืง ื‘ืขืžืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื ืชื—ื–ืง ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื”’ ื™ืจื—ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ื•ื™ืฉืœื— ืœื ื• ืืช ืžืฉื™ื— ืฆื“ืงื ื• ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืืžืŸ.

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Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shpitzer Shlita

Tamarโ€™s Legacy Splits the Yam Suf

Parshas Beshalach

Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shpitzer shlita

Dovid Hamelech says, in Tehillim, that at the time that we went out of Mitzrayim, Shevet Yehudah experienced its finest hour: ื‘ึฐึผืฆึตืืช ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ืžึดืžึดึผืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื ื‘ึตึผื™ืช ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ืžึตืขึทื ืœึนืขึตื–. ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ืœึฐืงึธื“ึฐืฉืื•ึน. What was this holiness? Rashi explains, based on the Gemara, that Nachson ben Aminadav jumped into the Yam Suf, demonstrating incredible emunah in Hakadosh Baruch Hu and readiness to follow Hashemโ€™s instructions precisely, with mesirus nefesh.

The meforshim note that Yehudah and Nachshon are both lashon zachar, so the passuk should seemingly have said: .ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ืœึฐืงึธื“ึฐืฉืื•ึน Why the use of feminine, ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื”? The Nesivos, in his Maaseh Nissim commentary, explains that Nachshon did not achieve this level purely of his own accord. It was his education that gave him this ability. This education traced back to his great-grandmother, Tamar, who was prepared to be thrown into the fire, if that was the will of Hashem, as the passuk says: ื”ึดื•ื ืžื•ึผืฆึตืืช ื•ึฐื”ึดื™ื ืฉึธืืœึฐื—ึธื” ืึถืœ ื—ึธืžึดื™ื”ึธ ืœึตืืžึนืจ ืœึฐืึดื™ืฉื ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืึตืœึถึผื” ืœึผื•ึน ืึธื ึนื›ึดื™ ื”ึธืจึธื”. This was the chinuch she gave over to her children, this was the education that was passed down through the generations, and this was the way Nachshon was brought up. Thatโ€™s why he was able to reach the madreigah he did. The wording ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ืœึฐืงึธื“ึฐืฉืื•ึน conveys that the holiness, the finest hour of Yehudah, was the result of ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื”, the chinuch of Tamar.

All for the Children

Shlomo Hamelech says, in Shir Hashirim: ืึดื ืœึนื ืชึตื“ึฐืขึดื™ ืœึธืšึฐ ื”ึทื™ึธึผืคึธื” ื‘ึทึผื ึธึผืฉึดืื™ื ืฆึฐืึดื™ ืœึธืšึฐ ื‘ึฐึผืขึดืงึฐื‘ึตื™ ื”ึทืฆึนึผืืŸ. The Shevet Sofer explains that if Klal Yisrael themselves are not worthy through their own merits, if their mitzvah observance is not perfect, then ืฆึฐืึดื™ ืœึธืšึฐ ื‘ึฐึผืขึดืงึฐื‘ึตื™ ื”ึทืฆึนึผืืŸ โ€” go see what they do for their children. See their mesirus nefesh for their children, the effort they invest into the education of their children. That demonstrates what Klal Yisrael is truly about.

We understand that our children are the tachlis of the entire world, the tachlis of our lives, and we daven vezakeini, that Hakadosh Baruch Hu should give us children who light up the entire world. With this attitude, a person puts in every effort into the education of his children.

The Gemara (Shabbos 119) cites the passuk: ืึทืœ ืชึดึผื’ึฐึผืขื•ึผ ื‘ึดืžึฐืฉึดืื™ื—ึธื™ โ€” do not touch my anointed ones โ€” and asks: Who are Hakadosh Baruch Huโ€™s anointed ones? These are the tinokos shel beis rabban. Do not dare touch our holy children. This is the importance Klal Yisrael attaches to educating our children to the highest level of kedushah and taharah.

In this weekโ€™s haftarah we read the story of Devorah, who declares, in her shirah: ืขึทื“ ืฉึทืืงึทึผืžึฐืชึดึผื™ ื“ึฐึผื‘ื•ึนืจึธื” ืฉึทืืงึทึผืžึฐืชึดึผื™ ืึตื ื‘ึฐึผื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ. Klal Yisrael was suffering at the hands of its oppressors, until an incredible, courageous mother arose. Devorah was a neviah, a shofetess, a leader who directed Klal Yisrael in their battles and saved them. Surely we can find a more apt description of her than โ€œmotherโ€!

Actually, says R’ Moshe Shmuel Shapiro, the highest madreigah is to be an eim bโ€™Yisrael. Devorah didnโ€™t attribute her success against Sisra to any of her great achievements, rather because she is a mother who educates Klal Yisrael. That is the highest title we can aspire to.

Regarding the words: ื•ึฐืขึธืฉึดื‚ื™ืชึธ ืžึฐื ึนืจึทืช ื–ึธื”ึธื‘ ื˜ึธื”ื•ึนืจ, the Yalkut, on Tzefaniah, says that the menorah that lights up the world must be of pure gold in every detail, including the perachim, these are the tinokos shel beis rabban. These are the perachim, the flowers, which beautify the menorah. Their chinuch must be absolutely pure and perfect, so that they can be brought up to serve as the menorah that lights up the whole world.

Rabbeinu Yonah, in Shaarei Teshuvah, explains that the passuk: ื•ึฐืึดื™ืฉื ืœึฐืคึดื™ ืžึทื”ึฒืœึธืœื•ึน conveys that if you want to know what a person really is, see whom he praises. Children pick up our values by the way we speak and which people we look up to. The Orchos Tzaddikim says that if a person talks all day about food, then the impression his children are going to get is that thatโ€™s whatโ€™s important in life. Similarly, the Sefer Chassidim explains that the passuk: ืžึธื” ืึธื”ึทื‘ึฐืชึดึผื™ ืชื•ึนืจึธืชึถืšึธ ื›ึธึผืœ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึดื™ื ืฉึดื‚ื™ื—ึธืชึดื™ conveys that that which you love the most is what you talk about all the time.

If we love our children, and attach the most importance to them, then ื›ึธึผืœ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึดื™ื ืฉึดื‚ื™ื—ึธืชึดื™ โ€” we have to be involved and engaged in their education all the time. Every one of us wants health, happiness, prosperity and all the berachos, and regarding the passuk: ื•ึฐื”ื•ึนืชึดืจึฐืšึธ ื”’ ืœึฐื˜ื•ึนื‘ึธื” ื‘ึดึผืคึฐืจึดื™ ื‘ึดื˜ึฐื ึฐืšึธ, the Chasam Sofer explains that Hakadosh Baruch Hu grants us good according to the amount we invest in the education of our children: ื‘ึดึผืคึฐืจึดื™ ื‘ึดื˜ึฐื ึฐืšึธ.

In 1960, R’ Elya Lopian attended the wedding of his grandson, Hagaon R’ Avraham Gurwitz Shlita, in Gateshead, and he related a vort he had heard over sixty years earlier from the Alter of Kelm. We say in davening: ื•ึฐื”ึธืกึตืจ ืฉึธื‚ื˜ึธืŸ ืžึดืœึฐึผืคึธื ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึผืžึตืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ื ื•ึผ, asking Hashem to remove the Satan from in front of us and from behind us. The Alter of Kelm explained that the Satan tries at all times to influence our children โ€” sometimes right in front of the parentโ€™s nose, and sometimes when the parentโ€™s back is turned, or when heโ€™s not there to see. Therefore, we beseech Hashem that the Satan should not affect our children, whether in ways that we can see or in ways that we cannot see. The Satan should not be able to get his hands on our children. ืึทืœ ืชึดึผื’ึฐึผืขื•ึผ ื‘ึดืžึฐืฉึดืื™ื—ึธื™.

Planting for Success

Shlomo Hamelech says, in the name of Klal Yisrael: ืึฒื ึดื™ ื—ึฒื‘ึทืฆึถึผืœึถืช ื”ึทืฉึธึผืืจื•ึนืŸ ืฉืื•ึนืฉึทืื ึทึผืช ื”ึธืขึฒืžึธืงึดื™ื โ€” I, Klal Yisrael, am the flower of the Sharon, the beautiful rose of the valleys. The Vilna Gaon explains that both the chavatzeles and a shoshanah grow from the same seed. If you plant the seed at the wrong place, at the top of the mountain, then most of the nourishing rain water drains away to the valley. Also, the wind will batter it, and if it manages to grow at all, then the sun will beat down on it and burn it, and nothing beautiful will grow. But if you plant that same seed in the valley, where it is nurtured by all the water rolling down the mountain, and the sun and wind canโ€™t harm it, and where it has rich soil to grow in,ย  then it will grow the most beautiful rose, shoshanas haโ€™amakim.

These two options apply to every one of our children: If he is planted at the top of the mountain, all that will grow will be a chavatzeles. Our life goal is that each of our children should be a shoshanas haโ€™amakim. How much effort do we need to invest, as parents, so that our children should grow up protected, in the amakim. If we are able to bring up our children like that, then we will see the beauty of the roses they grow into, just as Tamar invested the effort and merited that Krias Yam Suf came about in her zechus: ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ืœึฐืงึธื“ึฐืฉืื•ึน.

The mashgiach R’ Yerucham explained the passuk: ืฉึฐืืชื•ึผืœึดื™ื ื‘ึฐึผื‘ึตื™ืช ื”’ ื‘ึฐึผื—ึทืฆึฐืจื•ึนืช ืึฑืœึนืงึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื™ึทืคึฐืจึดื™ื—ื•ึผ to mean that the saplings, our children, start to grow in our houses, and then they go on to blossom and flower around the world. Every good tree starts off in a nursery, where it is sheltered from the elements and given good, rich compost in which to flourish. If a child grows well in the nursery that is our home, then we can hope that ื‘ึฐึผื—ึทืฆึฐืจื•ึนืช ืึฑืœึนืงึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื™ึทืคึฐืจึดื™ื—ื•ึผ.

The Sar Shalom of Belz said that before the geulah, the nisyonos surrounding the chinuch of children will be as great as the nisayon of the Akeidah, meaning that the degree of mesirus nefesh necessary to bring up children will be the same as that demanded of Avraham Avinu at the Akeidah. Let us strengthen ourselves in these difficult times and live by the motto of ืึทืœ ืชึดึผื’ึฐึผืขื•ึผ ื‘ึดืžึฐืฉึดืื™ื—ึธื™ โ€” let nobody lay hands on the precious, holy children of Klal Yisrael. Hakadosh Baruch Hu should bless all of us with good in every facet of life, in the zechus of what weโ€™re doing for our children, and may He protect our children both when they are in our sight and when they are out of our sight. We should be zocheh to see in every one of our children a shoshanas haโ€™amakim, the beautiful flower that grows in our homes.

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