ืืืจื ืจืืืชืื ื
Maran Hamashgiach Hagaon Harav Yechezkel Levinshtein, ztโl
ืืืงื ืืฉื ืืช ืขืฆืืืช ืืืกืฃ ืขืื (ืื, ืื)
ืืื ืื ืืงื ืืฆืืืช – ืฉืืื ืืื ืืงืื ืืืฆื”ืจ
ืืืฆืืืช ืืฆืจืื ื ืืืจ “ืืืงื ืืฉื ืืช ืขืฆืืืช ืืืกืฃ ืขืื”, ืืืืจื ืื”ื (ืฉืืืช ืจืื ื, ืื) ืขืืื ืืืชืื ืืืืจ (ืืฉืื ื, ื) ืืื ืื ืืงื ืืฆืืืช, ืฉืื ืืฉืจืื ืืื ืขืกืืงืื ืืืกืฃ ืืืื ืืืฉื ืืื ืขืกืืง ืืขืฆืืืช ืืืกืฃ.
ืืืืจ ืืจื ืืืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืจื ืืืืงืื ืืืื ืฉืืืื ืืฆืืื”ืย ืืืืชืื, ืืจื ืื ืื ื ืืฉืจืื ืืืื ืืงืืื ืืช ืืืฆืื ืฉืฆืืื ืืงื”ื “ืืืฉืืื ืืืฉ ืืืช ืจืขืื ืืืฉื ืืืช ืจืขืืชื ืืื ืืกืฃ ืืืื ืืื” (ืื, ื), ืืืคื ื ืื ืืฉื ืจืืื ื ืืื ืืืืงื ืืงืืื ืืช ืืืฆืื ืืืขืืืช ืืช ืืจืื ื ืฉื ืืืกืฃ?
ืืื ืืืืจ ืืจื ืืืฉืืื: ืจืืืื ืื ื ืืืื ืืืืื ื ืืงื ืืขืืืง, ืฉืชื ืืืฆืืืช ืืืื ื ืขืฉื ืืฆืืืืื ืฉื ืืงื”ื, ืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืื, ืื ืืขืื ืฉืืืฆืื ืฉื ืืงืืืช ืืกืฃ ืืืื ืืืืฆืจืื ืืฉ ืืงืื ืืืฆื”ืจ ืืืื ืืืืชืขืจื, ืืขืืืช ืืืช ืืืฆืื ืฉื ืืงืืืช ืขืฆืืืช ืืืกืฃ ืื ืืื ืื ืืงืื ืืืฆื”ืจ ืืืื. ืืคืืื ืืืจ ืืฉื ืจืืื ื ืืงืืื ืืฆืื ืื, ืืขื ืื ืฉืืืืืื ืื”ื ืืืืจื ‘ืืื ืื ืืงื ืืฆืืืช’.
(ืืืจ ืืืืงืื ืืืชืืื, ืื’ ืข”ื)
ืืืจื ืืืืื
Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Hagadol Rebbi Binyomin Beinush Finkel, ztvkโl
ืืจื ืจื”ื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืจืื ืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืฉ ืคืื ืงื ืืฆืืง”ื
ื”ื ืืฉืื ืชืฉ”ื
ื ืฉืืจ ืืื ื ืื ืื ืฉื ืืืกืืจ ืืืง ืจืืืช
ืืจื ืจื”ื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืจืื ืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืฉ ืคืื ืงื ืืฆืืง”ื ื ืฉืืจ ืืื ืืฉืืจ ืฉืื ืืืื ืก ืืฉืื ืขืกืง ืฉืืื ืื ืืคืืื ืจืื ืฉื ืจืืืช.
ืคืขื ืงืจืื ืืฉืคืื ืืคืฆืืจ ืื ืฉืืชื ืื ืืืชืจ ืขืืกืงื ืืขืืจ ืืจื ืจื”ื: ืดืืืฅ ืืืืืกืืจ ืฉืืืืจ, ืืฉ ืืืจื ืฉืืืืจืช ืฉืื ืื ืฉืืืงื ืจืืืช ืืืืื ืืืืจ ืฉืืฉื ืจืืื ื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืดื, ืื ืื ืืฉื ืืื ืืืืข ืขื ืืื ืื ืจืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืชืืจ ืืืช. ืืืกืืคื ืืืืจื, ืฉืืขืกืงืื ืืืืืืืื ืงืืจืกืื ืืชืืฆืื ืืจืืืช, ืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืืชื!ืด
ืืฉื ืืฆืจ ืฆืืจื ืืืืฃ ืืงืืื ื ืืกืคืช ืืื ืื ืืืฉืืื, ืกืืืจ ืืื ืืืืืืื ืฉื ืืจื ืืืืืื ืฉืื ืชืืื ืชืืืื ืืืื ืืืืืจืื ืืฆืจืื. ืคืืจืืฉ ืืืืจ, ืืงืื ืืชื ื ืืืื ื. ืจื”ื ืงืืื ืืช ืชื ืื ืืชืฉืืื ืืืืกืืก ืจื, ืืืฉื ืืื ืืืื ืืืฉื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืฉืชืืฉ ืืชืื ืืืชืจ ืืขืืกืงื. ืกืืฃ ืกืืฃ ืืืืข ืืืื, ืืจื ื ืกืข ืืชื ืืืื ืขื ืืชื ืืื ืืงืื ืืช ืืืืืืื. ืืคืชืข ืืืจ: ืดืื ื ืื ืืืื ืืขืฉืืช ืืืช, ืื ืืื ืืฉืืง ืืืฉืด. ืืืื ืืกืชืืื ืืืืจ ืืืืชื, ืืืฉืจ ืืื ื ืืืฅ ืืืชืืืื ืขื ืืฆืืืช ืืงืืจืืช ืืืจืื ืืืืืื ืืื ืื, ืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืข ืืืชืขืกืงืืช ืืืืง ืจืืืช.
ืืืื ืืกืคืงืื ืฉื ืืืฉืืื ื ืื ื ืคืขื ืื ืืกืคื ืื ืืฉืืจ ืืื ืคืจืืื ืืืืกื ืืงื ืืช ืืืื ืกืืืจื ืืืฉ. ืืงืืจ ืคืจื ืกืชื ืืื ืืกืื ื. ืจื”ื ืืจืืืฉ ืฉืืืฉืืื ืืื ืื ืืืจืช ืืืื ืขื ืืฉื ืื ืืื ืฉืืจืช ืืช ืืืฉืืื ืื ืืื ืืช. ืืื ืืืืื ืื ืกืืื ื ืืื ืฉืื ืืืื ืืืชืืื ืืืืฉ ืืช ืขืกืงืื, ืืื ืื ืืื ืคืจืข ืืช ืืืื.
ืชืงืืคื ืืืืจ ืืื, ืืืงืฉ ืจื”ื ืืงื ืืช ืืื ื ืกืืืจื ืืืฉืืื. ืืื ืืฆืืข ืืืืจ ืืืืื. ืืจื ืจื”ื ืืืืื ืืืชื ืฆื ืืืืืจื ืฉื ืจืื ืื ืฉืืื ื ืฆืจืื ืฉืื ืืืจ. ืขืืืจื ืื ืืขืื ืขื ืืืขืช ืืงืื ืืืืจ ืืืื ืืชืืืื ืขืืืจ ืืืืื!
ืคืขื ืคืืฉ ืืช ืืืืจ ืืืฉืืื ืจืื ืืขืงื ืืฉืื ืกืงื ืืฉืื ืื ืืืื ืืืืืืช ืกืืื ืืกืฃ ืืืื ืืืฉืืื ืืืื ืงืฆืจ. ืจืื ืืขืงื ืืื ืืืจืื ืืื ืง ืืืืืืง ืืื ืื ืืช ืืืกืฃ ืืืกืืื ืืืืืืช ืืืชื ืืจื”ื. ืชืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืกืืคืจ ืืช ืืืกืฃ, ืคืชืืื ืืืงืฉ ืจื”ื ืกืืืื, ืื ืขืื. ืจืื ืืขืงื ืื ืืืื ืื ืงืืจื ืืื, ืืื ืืื ืืืงืฉ ืืืืืื? ืจื”ื ืื ืจืื ืืืื ืืคืชืข ืฉืื ืจ’ ืืขืงื ืื ืืคืงืื ืืช ืืืกืฃ ืืื ืง ืชืืื ืื ืจืืืืช. ืื ืื, ืื ืืฆืข ืฉืืื ื ืืืจ ืืจืืืืช, ืื ืืื ืืืฉืื ืื ืืืจืื, ืืืื ืืจื.
ืืืืืจืืช ืฉืื ืืจืืืืช, ืืืชื ืื ืืกืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืช ืืื ืืื ืืื ืง. ืืืชื ืื ืืืืื ืชืืืืืช, ืืกืคืงืื ืื ืืื ืคืืืื ืืช ืืฆืณืงืื ืืื. ืืืืงืช ืฉืงืืื ืืื ืง ืืืืชืจ ืืืื ืืืื ืืฉืืขืืชื ืืคืกื ืืขืงืืืช ืืืคืจืฉ ืืฉืขืจ ืืืืืคืื, ืฉืืฉืชื ื ืื ืืืืืจืืช ืืกืืจืจืช. ืืฆื ืฉื ื, ืืืคืฉืจ ืืื ืืก ืืื ืง ืคืืจืืฉื ืชืฉืืื ืจืืืช – ืืืคืฆืื ืืจืืขื ืืืจืื. ืืคืชืจืื? ืืืฉืช ืืื ืง ืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืคืงืื ืืช ืืกืืื ืืืืืืง ืฉื ืืจืฉ.
ืืฉืืืื ืืืื
Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shpitzer Shlita
ืืฉืื
ืืฆืืช ืฉืืฉ ืกืขืืืืช
ืืชืื ืืคืจืฉื ืืขื ืื ืืื ืืฉืืช, ืืืืืจ ืืฉื ืืืืืื “ืืืื”. ืืืชืื ืืงืจื ื’ ืคืขืืื ืืืื. ืืืื ืืืื ื’ ืกืขืืืืช ืืฉืืช.
(ืืืคืฉืืื ืืื ื ืจืื ืื ื’ ืกืขืืืืช ืืื ืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืฉื’ ื ืชื ืื, ืืืืงืจื ื ืืื ืืคืจืฉืช ืื. ืืืจื ืื ืืื ืืืื ื’ ืกืขืืืืช, ืืืืืืจ ืืืื ืกืขืืื ืืฉื ืื ืืืื ืืฉืืช ืืื ืืืืฆืื ืฉืืช. ืืื ืืืจืืื ืฉืืช ืฉืฆ”ื ืืจืื”ื ืืืืื ืืฉื ืจ”ืช ืื ืฉืื ืืืืืืช ืื’ ืกืขืืืืช ืฉืืฃ ืื ืืืืชื ืื ืก ืฉืืืืจ ืืื ื ืชืงื ื’ ืกืขืืืืช.
ืืข’ ืืค”ืช ืขื ื”ืจ ื”ื ืฉืืืืฉ ืืืืื ืช ืืืืืชื ืฉืืื ืฉื ื ืืขืืืจ ืืื ืืื ืืฉื ื, ืืืื ื ืืืชืจ ืืืคืื ืืข”ืฉ. ืืืืืฉื ืืื ืงื’ ืื ืื ืฉืืื ื”ื ืฉืื ื ืฉืืจ ืืื ืขืืืจ ืืืื ืืืื. ืืขื”ืค ืืืืจืื ืืืื ืื ืก ืฉื ืกืขืืื ืฉืืืฉืืช. ืืข”ืข ืืขืช ืืงื ืื ืืขื ืื ืื”ื ืืกืขืืื ืฉืืืฉืืช ืืฉื ืื”ืจ ืืจืื ืื ืฉืขืฉื ืื, ื ืื ืฉืืื ืืืงื, ืืคื’ ืืฉื ืื”ืจ ืืืจืื ืื ืืฆื ืืขืืืจ ื ืืคื ืืฉื ื ืืืืื ืืฉืืช. ืืืื’ ืืืื ืชื ืืืืืืชื ืื ”ื.
ืืข’ ืจืืื”ื ืงื”ื ืข”ื ื ืื ืืืืืจืื ืืื ืืชืจืืืื ืืกืขืืื ืฉืืืฉืืช ืืืจื ืื ืฉืืืฉืืช ืืืจ ืืื.
ืืข ืชืืก’ ืคืกืืื ืงื”ื ืืฉื ืืฉืืขืืช ืื’ ืืจืืืช ืืืฉืืช ืืื ืื”ื ืืขื ืื”ื, ืื ืื ืืจื ืื ืืื”ื. ืืื ืืฉื”ืข ืชืงื”ื. ืืืขืชื ืชืืงืฉื ืืืื ืืื”ื ืืืื ืืื”ื ืืืจ ืืื ืืืื ืื ืืชืืืื ืื’ ืกืขืืืืช ืฉืื ื”ื ืืืจ ืืื.
ืืข’ ืจืืื ื ืื ืื ืค”ื ืืืืฅ ืืืฆื ื”ื ืฉืืง’ ืืืื ืฉืืฉ ืื”ื ืืื”ื ืืฉืื ืืื ื”ื ืื”ื ืืื ืืืื ืกืขืืื ืฉืืืฉืืช ืืชื’ ืื ืืื”ื ืืชืื ืฉืืช ืฉืืชืื ืืจืืืช ืื”ื ืืฉื”ื ื’ ืกืขืืืืช ืืฉืื ืชืืชื ืืืื ืืฉื ืืืืจื ืืฉืืช. ืืืื’ ืืคื ืืขืช ืืงื ืื ืืฉ ืืคืจืฉ ืืืื ืชื ืืื ืืืืืจ ืืจื ืืื ืื”ื ืืขืื”ื ืืื ืื ื ืชืืืฉ ืื ืก ืื ืืกืฃ ืฉื ืืคื ืืื ืืืชืจ ืืืืชื.
(ืืืฉ ืืืืกืืฃ ืืกืืจื ืืคื ืืืจื ืื ืื ืจืืืื ืื ืืืืงืืืื ืืขื ืื ื’ ืกืขืืืืช ืืฉืืช ืืื ืกืขืืื ื’ ืืืืื ืืืฉืคืืข ืคืจื ืกื ืขื ื’ ืืื ืืฉืืืข. ืืืขืื ืคื ื”ืค ืค’ ืืฉืื.
ืื”ื ืื ืฉืืื ืืืื).
ืืข’ ืืืืฉ ืชืงื”ื ื’ ืืืื ืืืื ืกืขืืื ื’ ืืื”ื ืืฉืื ืฉืืืช ืื”ื ืื ืืคืขืืื ืืืช ืืื ืืจืื, ืืกืืื ืขื ืฉืืืื ืืจืื ืชืืฉืืืื ืืื”ื ืืฉืืจืืช. ืืข”ืฉ ืขืื ืืืื”ื ืกืืืืื ืขื ืื ืฉืืืืืื ืืื ืชืืฉืืืื ืืกืขืืื ืืืืฉื ื’ ืืื ืืกืขืืื ืฉืืืฉืืช, ืืืืืืจื ืืฉืืช ืืชืืชื ืืืื ืืฉืืช ืืชืืื, ืืข”ื ืืืขื ืื ืืจืืืช ืืื ืฉืืื ืืื.
ื ืงืืืช ืืืฉืชืช ืืกืืืืช ืืชืืจื
Maran Hamashgiach Hagaon Harav Binyomin Finkel Shlita
[ืืืื ืืฉื ื ืืืืจื ื ืจื”ื ืืืืื ืจืื ืืืื ืืฉ ืคืื ืงื ืืฆ”ื, ื ืชืืงื ืขื ืื ืืื ืฉืจืื ืืฆืื, ืืืฉ ืื ื ืื ืืืืื ืืื. ืฉืจืื ืืื ืืงืคืื ืขื ืืกืืืืช ืืืฉืืื ืฉืืืื ืื ืงืืืช ืืืคืืืช, ืฉืืืฉืจ ืืขืืืืื ืืช ืืชืืจื ืฆืจืื ืฉืื ืืืื ื”ื ืืืจืื ืืจืื ืืืืฆืข.]
ืืืชื ืื”ื (ืคื:) “ืื ืืื ืืื ืฆื ืจ’ ืื ืื ื ืืจ’ ืืืื ื”ื ืจ’ ืื ืื ื ืืจ’ ืืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืงื ืืื ืฆืืช, ื”ื ืื ืืฉืชืืื ืชืืจื ืืืฉืจืื ืืืืจื ื ืื ืืคืืคืืื [ืฉืืื ืืืืืืจ ืืช ืืชืืจื ืข”ื ืคืืคืืื, ืืืข”ื ืืฆืื ื ืืื ืขืชื ืืื ืื ืงื ื. (ืชืืืจื ืื.)] ื”ื ืจ’ ืืืื ืืจ’ ืื ืื ื ืืืื ืืืื ืงื ืืื ืฆืืช ืืขืืื ืืชืืจื ืืื ืชืฉืชืื ืืืฉืจืื [ืืืืืจืฉ”ื ืืืืจ ืฉืจ’ ืื ืื ื ืืื ืืื ืืจ’ ืืืื ืขืฉื ืืคืืขื ืฉืื ืชืฉืชืื ืชืืจื ืืืฉืจืื.] ืืื ืขืืืื ื ืืืืื ื ืืฉืืื ื ืืืชื ื [ืืืจืข ืคืฉืชื] ืืืืืื ื ื ืืฉืื [ืืงืืืข ืื ื ืืื ื ืจืฉืชืืช ืืืืืืจืืช – ืจืฉ”ื] ืืฆืืืื ื ืืื [ืฆื ืฆืืืื] ืืืืืืื ื ืืฉืจืืื ืืืชืื, ืืืจืืื ื ืืืืืชื ืืืชืื ื ืืืฉื ืืืืฉื, ืืกืืืงื ื ืืืชื ืืืงืจืื ืย ืืืฉื ืื ืืงื ืืืืฉื ืืืืฉื ืืืชื ืื ื ืฉืืชื ืื ืืงื ืฉืืชื ืกืืืจื, ืืืืจื ื ืืื ืขื ืืืืจื ื ืืืชืื ื ืืงืจืื ืืืืื ืืืชื ื ืืืืื, ืืขืืื ืื ืืชืืจื ืืื ืชืฉืชืื ืืืฉืจืื, [ืฉืืื ืฉืื ืชืฉืชืื ืชืืจื ืืืฉืจืื ืืื ืจ’ ืืืื ืขื ื”ื ืืืืฉ ืืื ืืขื ืืืจืื ืกืืจ ืืื, ืืฆืืืื ืฉืืืืื ื”ื ืืช ืืฉื ื.] ืืืื ื ืืืืจ ืจืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืขืฉื ืืืื”.
ืืืืืขืื ืืืจื ืืืืจืฉ”ื ืืื ืืืฆืจื ืืขืฆืื ืืืจืืข ืคืฉืชื ืืืฆืื ืฆืืืื, ืืืืืข ืฉืื ืืงื ื ืขืืจืืช ืืืื ืื ืืืืชืื ืขืืืื, ืื ืืงื ืืช ืกืคืจืื ืืืื ืื. ืืืชื ืืืืจืฉ”ื “ืืืืจ ืืื ืขืืืื ื ืืืืื ื ืืฉืืื ื ืืชื ื ืืื’, ืฉืื ืืขืฉื ืืื ืืชืืจื ืืื ืืชืืืื ืืฉื ืฉืืื ืืื ืืื ืื ืฉืื ืฉืืชืืฃ ืืืจ ืืืจ ืืืืื ื ืืืจืช ืฉืื ืืฉื ืฉืืื, ืื ืืืื ืงื ื ืืืื ืืขืืจื ืืื ืื ืืฆื ืืืืืจ ืฉืืชืืฃ ืืืจ ืืืจ, ืืื ืืชืืืืช ืืืืื ืืืชื ื ืืื ืืฉื ืชืืจื ืืืืฆืื ืืืืกืืื ืืืืืืื ื ืืืฉืจืืืื ืืืชืื”.
ืื ืื ืืฉืงืืข ืจ’ ืืืื ืฉืื ืืืื ืืขืืจื ืืืจืืฆืช ืืชืืจื ืฉืื ืคื ืื ืืืจืช, ืืื ืฉืืืกืืืืช ืฉื ืืขืืืช ืืชืืจื ืืืืฉื ืืืืจืืช ืืืื ืืืงืื, ืฉืื ืืืื ืงืืื ืืืืฉื.
ืืชืืฆืื ืืืกืืืืช ืฉืืื ื ืจืืืืื
ืืื ืืฆืื ื ืืืื ืืืืฉืข ืื ืืืืื ืืืืืจ (ืืืจืืืช ืฆืืืงืื, ืฉืขืจ ืืชืืจื) ืฉืืฆื ืืชืจืืืช ืจืขื, ืืคื ืฉืืืกืืืืช ืื ืืื ืืืงืื, ืฉืืืื ืืกืจื ืืชืืจื ืฉืื ืืฉื ืฉืืื, ืืื ืืฉื ืืืื. ืฉืืฉื ืืืื ืขืฉื ืืืื ืกืขืืื ืืืฉืื ืฉื ืจ’ ืืืืขืืจ ืืจ’ ืืืืฉืข ืืฉืืจ ืืืืื ืืืืืจื ืืืืจื ืชืืจื ืขื ืฉืืืืชื ืืืฉ ืืืืืช ืกืืืื, ืืืืื ืฉืจืื ืฉืื ืื ืืชืืจื ืืกืจ ืืช ืื ื ืืชืืจื.
ืืื ืฉืืืจื (ืืคืกืืื ื :) ืืขืืื ืืขืกืืง ืืื ืืชืืจื ืืืคืืื ืฉืื ืืฉืื ืฉืืชืื ืฉืื ืืฉืื ืื ืืฉืื, ืื ืืฉืจืืฆื ืืืืืข ืืืฉืื, ืืื ืฉืื ืฉืืืคืชื ืืื ืืฉืื ืืฉืื. (ืืืืืืจ ืืืก”ื ืื”ื ืืืจ”ื ืืืืืืื’ืื.)
ืื ืืืช ืื ืงืืืช ืืฆื ืืกืื ืืกืืืืืงื
ืืขื ืื ืื ืงืืืช ืืื ืืื ืืกืื ืืฆื ืื ืืืืื ืืืืจืืช ืืืื ืฉืืืืข ืื’ืืืืจ’ ืืกืืืืืงื ืืื ืฉื ืื ื”ื ืื ืงืืืช ืจืง ืืืืืช ืืชืืืื, [ืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืื ืจื ืืืื ืชืืืืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืื ืื ืื.] ืฉืืืื ืืืืืืช ืื ืคืฉ ืืืชืจ ืืื ืืคืกืืืืืืืื ืฉืืืืืื ืืืื ืืืจืกืืื ืขืฉืจืืช ืฉื ืื, ืฉืืฆืื ืื ืืื ืืืจืืช ืฉืืื ืืขื ืื ืืื ืืืืืฉืื.
ืืข”ืค ืจืื ื ืื ืืืจืื ืงืืจืื ืืชืืืืืื, ืฉืืืจื ืืื ืฆืจืื ืืงืจื ืืช ืืชืืืืืื, ืืื ืคืขืืื ื ืื ืขื ืชืืืืืื ืืกืืืืื ืืืจื ืจืืืืง, ืฉืคืขืืื ืฆืจืื ืืืฉืชืืฉ ืืื ืืืช ‘ืืจืืง ืืจื ืืชืืืืืื’. [ืืืื ืืื ืืืืคื ืืืื ืฉืืืื ืคืื ืืชืืืืืื, ืืืื ืืืืคื ืคืจืื ืฉืื ืืจืืืฉ ืงืจืื ืืจื ืืืชืจ ืืื ืขืืฉื ืืื ืืขืืื ืขื ืืืื ืื ืฆืจื ืืืจืืคืืช ืืื ืืขืืจืจื.] ืืืชืืืืืื ืืขืืื ืฉืืขืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืช ืืืืจื ืืชืืื ืืืข ืืืืืง ืืืืื ืืจื ืืฉ ืื ืืื.
ืืกืืคืจื ืื ืชืืืืืื- ืฉืืื ืช”ื ืืืจืืืฆื ืชืืจื- ืฉืื ืืฉืืงืืืื ืฉืืื ืื ืื ืืงืจื ืื ืืจืืง ืืื ืจืง ืืฉืขื ืฉืืื ืืช ืชืืืืื ืืืืช ื ืคืฉ, ืฉืจืง ืื ืฉืงื ืืืืช ืืื ืงืืืช ืื ืขืืืฃ ืืชืืืื ืืจื ืืงืืจืื ืื ืืจื ืืจืืืืง. ืืื ืื ืืจืืืฉ ืฉืืกืจ ืื ืืขื ืืืืื ืืชืืืื ืื, ืื ืฉืืื ืื ื ืืืขืืช ืืืฉืืืช ืืืคืื – ืฉืืคืขืืื ืืขืืจื ื ืืืขืืช ืืืฉืืืช ืืื ืืืจืืืง ืืช ืืฉื ื, ืื ื ืื ืจืง ืืืจื ืืงืืจืื. ืฉืื ืืจืืืง ืืฉืืื ืื ื ืืืขืืช, ืืจืง ืืืืื ืฉืืืื ืืื ืืฉืงืื ืืืืื ื ืฆืืง ืืืืืจืืข ืขื ืืจื ืืจืืืืง. ืืข”ื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืฆื ืฉื ืื ืืจืืืืง ืขื ืชืืืื, ืืืืืช ืืคืกืืง ืื ืืื ืืชื ืื ืืขืืจ ืืืจื ืืงืืจืื, ืืคื ืฉืืืื ืฉืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืขื ืขืืฉืื.
[ืืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืืขื ืืช ืขืืื ืืื ืืืง ืืงืจื ืืืืง ืืจืืง, ืืืฉ ืฉืจืฆื ืืขืืื ืืช ืืืฉืืื ืืฉื”ื, ืื”ื ืืืจื ืื ืฉืืจื ื ืืื ืื ืื. ืืืื ืขืืืืืื ืฉืขืฉื ืขืืืื ืืคืืื ืฉืืกืืงื ืืืืฉืืื, ืข”ื ืคืืขื ืื ืืื ืฉืืืื ืื ื ืืืขื ืืืฉืืช ืืื ืืกืืงื. ืื ืื ืืืืื ืื ืืืข , ืืืืข ืืื ืืืชื ืื ืขืืื ืื ืืฆื ืืช ืืืฉืจืื ืืชืืื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืจืื.]
ืืื ืืื ืื ืืืืื ื ืื ืจืง ืขื ืืืืช ืื ืงืืืช ืืขืืื, ืืื ืฉืจืง ืื ืืขืืืืื ืชืืจื ืืืฉืืื ืืื ืืืจืื ืืจืื.
ืื ืงืืืช ืืฆื ืืจื ืจืืฉ ืืืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืจื ืืืืขืืจ ืืืืื ืคืื ืงื ืืฆืืื”ื
ืืื ืืืฉืื ื”ื ืื ื ืืจื ืจื”ื ืื”ืจ ืืืืขืืจ ืืืืื ืคืื ืงื ืืฆ”ื, ืฉืืขืืื ืืช ืืืฉืืื ืื ืงืืืช ืืืคืืื. ืฉืืืื ืฉืืงืื ืืช ืืืฉืืื ืืืื ืื ืงืฉืื ืืืื ืืืจื ืืืืืื, ืืืืข ืืขืฉืจ ืืฆืืขืืชืื ืขื ืืกืคืจ ืืชืืืืืื ืืืืืืื ืฉืืื ืืืืคืฉ ืขืื ืชืืืืืื ืืื ืืืจืืืช ืืืจืืฆืช ืืชืืจื. ืืื ืืื ืืื ืฉืื ืฉืืจ ืืืฉืืืืช ืืฉืืฉืื, ืืื ืืื ืจืง ืืืฉืืื ืฉืื.
ืืืืืจืื ื ืืจืืื ืขื ืืื ืื ืฉืืืจืข ืื ืฉืงืจื ืืจืืฉ ืืฉืืื ืืืฉืืื ืืืจืช [ืฉืืืืืื ืืชืืจื] ืืืฉืชืชืฃ ืืืืฆืืืช ืฉื ืืฉืืืชื, ืืคื ืฉืืื ืืืจืืฆืช ืืชืืจื ืื ืงืืืช ืืื ืืฉืงืืข ืืืฉืืื ืืขื ืจืืืฉ ืฉืื. ืืขื ืืกืืืืช ืืื ื ืื ื ืืืฉืืื ืฉืืฉ ืื ืืืฉื ืืคืืืจ ื”ื.
ืืืฉื ืื ืืื ืื ืข”ื ืืจื ืจื”ื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืจืื ืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืฉ ืคืื ืงื ืืฆืืง”ื
ืืืืจื ืื ืืืฉืื ืืืจื ื ืจื”ื ืื”ืจ ืืืื ืืฉ ืืฆ”ื, ืฉื ืื ืืืืื ืืืืฉืจืืช ืืื ืื ืืืข ืืืืื ืืืฉืืื. ืฉืืจื ืืืื ืืืจืืืืช ืืฉ ื”ื ืืจืื ื ืืกืืื ืืช ืืืื ืฉืืื”ื (ื”ื ืงืกื.) ‘ืจืืื ืืืื’, ืืฆืจืื ืจืืื ืฉืืื ืฉืื ืืืืืฉื ืืื. ืืืฉืืืืืงืื ืืฉืืื ืงืฉื ืืืงืคืื ืขื ืื ืฉืืืกืฃ ืืืื ื ืงื ืืืื ืืจืืืืช, ืืื ืจื”ื ืขืื ืขื ืื ืืชืืงืฃ ืฉืื ืืืกืฃ ืฉืืขืืื ืืช ืืืฉืืื ืืืื ื ืงื ืืื ืืฉืฉ ืืื ืืจืืืืช ืืืื ืื, ืืืืื ืขื ืฆื ืืืืชืจ ืืื. ืื ื ืื ื ืชืืจืช ืืืช – ืขื ืืกืืืืช ืืืช. ืืืฉ ืขืืื ืืขืฉืื ย ืืจืื ืฉืืืืื ืขื ืืกืืจืืชื ืืืขื ื ืงืืืช ืืกืืืืช ืืืฉืืื.
ืืกืืคืจื ืืืช ืืขืืืืืช ืืืฉืืื ืฉื ืืืข ืื ืืื ื ืฉืขืืื ืืขืืจืืื ืฉืืฉ ืฉื ื”ื ืืจืื ืืกืฃ ืฉืืืื ืืงืื ืืืืืช ืืืฉืืื, ืืจืง ืืฉืื ืฉืืื ืื ืืฉืฉืืช ืฉื ืจืืืืช ืืืื ืื ื ืืข ืืื, ืืื ืืื ืืืฆื ืฉืืืฉืืื ืืืืชื ื”ื ืืงืืงื ืืืกืฃ ืื. ืฉืืืื ืืคืื ืืืขืืืจื ืืชืืกืจ ื”ื ืขื ื ืงืืืช ืืืืื, ืฉืืื ืืื ืืช ืืฉืืื ืฆืจืืืื ืืืกืืืืช ืืืืืช ื ืงืืื.
ืืืกืืคืจ ืขืื ืฉื ืกืข ืคืขื ืืฉืืืืฅ ืืื ืืขืกืืง ืืืืื ืืืืืช ืืืฉืืื, ืืืื ืกืืืจ ืฉืื ืืืืื, ืืืฉืืชืืจืจ ืฉืื ืืืืืื ืืชืขืืจืจ ืืฆืื ืืฉืฉ ืจืืืืช, ืืขืื ืืช ืื ืืืกืฃ ืฉื ืืืื ืื. ืขื ืืฃ ืฉืืื ืืืกืฃ ืื ืืืืืื ืืช ืืืฉืืื – ืฉืื ืืื ืจืฆืื ื ืืฉืืืคืชื ืืื ืฉืืืชืจ ืืืืืื ืชืืจื.
ืืื ื ืืข ืืืจืืช ืฉืืื ืืืชืืช, ืืืฃ ืฉืื ืืขืฆืื ืื ืืืคืฉ ืืืชืจืื, ืืื ืืคืืื ืืฆืืจื ืืืฉืืื ืฉืืื ืฆืืจื ืืืื ื”ื, ืืขืืืฃ ืฉืืกืืืืช ืืืฉืืื ืืืื ื ืงืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืฉืื ืืฉืฉืืช.
ืื ืงืืืช ื ืฆืจืืช ืืื ืืื ืืืืฉืืช ืืืืจืืช
ืืืชื ืืขืืจืืืื (ืื:) “ืช”ืจ ืฉืชื ืฉื ืื ืืืืฆื ื ืืืงื ื”ืฉ ืื”ืฉ ืื ืืืื ืื ืืืื ืฉืื ื ืืจื ืืืชืจ ืืฉื ืืจื ืื ืฉืืืื ืื ืฉื ืืจืื ืืืื ืืืืจืื ื ืื ืื ืืืื ืฉืื ื ืืจื ืืืชืจ ืืฉื ืืจื ืืืืื ืืืืจืื ื ืื ืื ืืืื ืฉื ืืจื ืืืชืจ ืืฉืื ื ืืจื, ื ืื ื ืืืืจื ื ืื ืื ืืืื ืฉืื ื ืืจื ืืืชืจ ืืฉื ืืจื ืืขืืฉืื ืฉื ืืจื ืืคืฉืคืฉ ืืืขืฉืื ืืืืจื ืื ืืืฉืืฉ ืืืขืฉืื” [1]
ืืืื ืืคืฉืคืืฉ ืืืืฉืืืฉ ืืชื ืืืกืืืช ืืฉืจืื (ืค”ื ืืืืืจืืช) ืฉืคืฉืคืืฉ ืืื ืืืืืง ืืื ืืขืฉืื ืจืืืืื ืื ืฉืืื ื ืข”ืค ืืฆืืืช ื’ ืืืืงืื, ืืืฉืืืฉ ืืื ืืืืืง ืืืฆืืืช ืฉืขืืฉื ืืื ืื ืฉืืืื ืื ืงืืื, ืื ืฉืืขืืจื ืืื ืืืื ืคื ืื ืื ืืืื ืืืื’.
ืืื ืืกืฃ ืืืขืืช ืื ืงืืืช ืืืฆืืื ืืคืจืืืช, ืืื ืืชื ืื ืืืฆืืื ืืืกืืืืช ืืืชื ืื ืฉืขืืืื ืืืฉืชืช ืื ืืืฉืืืืช ืืืืจืืช ืื ืืืื ืื ืืื ืื ืืื ืืืขืืืช ืชืืืืืื.
ืืืคืจื ืืฉ ืืืืืืจ ืื ืงืืืช ืืืืื, ืฉืืฉ ืืื ื ืืกืืื ืืช ืื ืืืขืืช ืขื ืื ืฆืขื ืืฉืขื. ืืคืขืืื ืฉืืกืจ ืืืื ื ืืช ืืืืืื ืืืฉ ืื ืฆืจืืช, ืื ืืขืืจื ืืฆืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ื ืืฉืจ, ืืืฃ ืฉืืชืืืื ืืืฆื”ืจ ืืืขื ืืช ืืืื ืืืจืื ืื ืฉืืจืืืื ืืืืื ืฉืืงื ืืจืืืืช ืืื ืฉืืืข ืฉืืชื ืงื ืื ืืืืฉื. ืื”ื ืืืืฉืื ืืช ืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืกืืืืช ื ืงืืื ืืจืืืืื. ืฉืืื ืฉืืืชืจ ื ืงืืืช – ืืชืืืื ืืืขืฉืื ืืื”ื ืืื – ืืื ืืืชืจ ืืฆืืื ืืืืฉื ืืืืจืืช, ืืืฉืคืืข ืขื ืืืจืืืง, ืืืื ืืืืืืช ืืืื ืื ืฉืืืกืืืืช ืฉืื ืืืฉืืืื ืืืื ืขื ืืืืช ืืืฉืื.
ืื ืืืกืจ ืืฉืื ืฉืืฉ ืืืืื ืืื ืฉืื ืืืืืื ืืืื ืฉืืืื ื ืืืืื ืืคืืื ืืืื, ืืืคืจื ืืืฉืืื ืฉืืกืจื ืขืฆืื ืืื ืืืฆืืื ืืืืฉืื ืืงืืื ืืช ืืืฉืืื ืืจืืื ืืืืจื ืืืจืืช.
ืชืคืืื
ืืืืื ืืืืืข ืื ืงืืืช ืืื ืฉืชืฉืคืืข ืขื ืืืฉื ืืืืจืืช ื ืฆืจื ืื ืืชืคืืื, ืืืชืคืื ืืงื”ื ืฉื ืืื ืืืืืข ืืืขืื ืื, ืฉืืจื ื ืฆืจื ื”ื ืืจืื ืกืืืขืชื ืืฉืืื ืฉื ืืื ืืืขืช ืืช ืืืจื ืืืฉืจื. ืืืื ืฉืืชืื ื ืืื ืืืข”ื (ืชืืืืื ืคื, ืื) “ืืืจื ื ื’ ืืจืื ืืืื ืืืืชื ืืื ืืืื ืืืจืื ืฉืื”. ืืืืื ืืืฉืขืฆืื ื”ื ื ืฆืจื ืืืืจืืช ืื, ืืืคืจื ืืฉืืืืืช ืขืืื ืืืจืืืช ืืืืื ืืื ืฉื ืืืฉื ืื ืืืืจืืช, ืืื ืฆืจืื ืืืชืคืื ืืืขืฉืืช ืื ืืฉืชืืืืช ืฉืื ืืฆื ืฉืื ืงืืงืื ืืชืืช ืืื.
ืืืจืืืช ืืืื ืืืืืช ืขื ืืื ื ืชืืจื
ืืืืื ืืืืจืืืช ืขื ืืืฉื ืืืืจืืช ืืืืืช ืขืืื ื ืืืจืืืช ืืืืืช ืืฉืืืจ ืขื ื ืงืืืช ืื, ืฉืืจื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืฉ ืืงื”ื ืฉืืืืืงืื ืืช ืืืืจ, ืืืืืืื ืืื ืฉืืืขืื ืืชืืจื ืืชืื ืืืืง ืขื ืื ืืงืฉืืื, ืื ืืื ืฉืืงืืืืื ืืช ืืขืืื ืืืืจืืืช ืืื ืืืืืืช ืืืืืช ืืืกืืฃ ืืืืื ืืืชืจ ืืืืจืื.
ืืืฉ ืืืืฉืื ืืื ืขืื, ืฉืืฆืื ืืืื ืืฉ ืื”ื ืืืจืืืช ืืคื ืืจืืชื, ืฉืืืื ืคืฉืื ืฉืขืฉื ืขืืืื ื ืขื ืฉ ืขื ืื, ืืื ืื ืืื ืืขืื ืฉ ืฉื ืขื ืฉ ืืืืื ืืื ื, ืืืืคืงื ืืฉืกืจื ื ืขื ืฉ ืืืชืจ ืืืืจ, ืฉืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืืชืจ ืืืื ืืกืื ื ืืืชืจ ืืืืื. ืืืฉืขืช ืืืืื ืฉืืกืื ื ืืืืื ืืืืชืจ, ืืขืื ืฉ ืคื ืืื ืืืื.
ืืื ืื ืืืื ืฆืื ื’ ืืืืื ืืงื”ื ืฉืขืืืื ืืืืจ ืขืืื? ืจืง ืืื ื ืชืืจื ืฉืืงืืืืื ืืช ืืืืจ. ืืืื ืฉืืืจื ืืกื ืืืจืื (ืฆื:) ืืื ืืคืืงืืจืก ืืืืจ “ืืื ืืื ื ืื ืจืื ื ืืืืืื ืงืจื ืืืืืื ืชื ื”. ืืืืืจืื ื ืืจืืื ืฉืื ืื ืฉืืืืจ ืฉืืื ื ืจืืฆื ืืืคืจืืข ืืืฉืืืืช ืืื ืืืคืช ืื ืฉืืืืืื ืืืืจืื ืืื ืืืื ืืขืืืจ ืืื, ืืื ืกืืืจ ืฉืืฉืืืื ืืื ื ืืืขืืืื ืืืืื, ืืจื ืืื ืืคืืงืืจืก ืืืืื ืคื ืื ืืชืืจื ืฉืื ืืืืื. ืืืื ืฉืืืจื ืฉื “ืืืชืื ืื ืื ืืจืืชื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืงืืช ืฉืืื ืืืจืฅ ืื ืฉืืชื”, ืฉืืขืืื ืืื ื ืืืื ืืืชืงืืื ืืื ืชืืจื. [ืืืคืฉืจ ืฉืข”ื ืฉืืชืจืื ืืืืืืื ืืืืคื ืืืื ืืืืื ืฉืืขืืื ืงืืื ืืืืืช ืืชืืจื, ืืื ืื ืืืฉืืจ ืืืขื ืื ืืจื ืืื ืืคืืงืืจืก ืืืื ืื ืืืง ืืขืืื ืืื.] ืืื ืืืืืืื ืฉื ืืคืกืืง ืืืจ [ืืืื ืชืคืืืช ืืืจืื ืขื ืื ืฉื ืกืืื] “ืื ืฉืืชื ืืื ืืืงืื ืืขืืืจื”, ืฉืื ืืืฆืื ืืืืขื ืืืื ืฉืืืข ืืชืืจื ืืืงืืืื ืืคื ืืื.
ืืืฆืื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืืฉืืืืช ืืืฉื ”ืช ืฉืืืจืืื ืขืืืืช ืขื ืืชืืจื ืืฉืข”ื ืืชืืจื ืืืื ื ืืฆืืืื, ืืืื ืืจืืื ืืืช ืืื ืฉืืจืืื ืืคืืืื ืืืจื ืืืื”ื ืฉืืืืื ืฆืจืื ืืืฉืชืื ืืงืืจืื ืจืืืงืื, ืืื ืื ืฉืืฉืคืืข ืืืืชืจ ืืงืืจืื ืืื ืข”ื ืฉืื ืชืืจื ืืืื ืืืืช ืืืืข ืฉืข”ื ืื ืืฉืคืืข ืขื ืืจืืืงืื ืืงืจืื.
ืืฉืคืขืช ืื ื ืืชืืจื ืืืืืืช
ืืืืืืข ืฉืืืื ืฉืืื ืืืืืื ืฉืืืขื ืืฉืชืืื, ืชืืข ืืจื ืืืจื”ืก ืืชืืืืืื ืขื ืื ืฉืืืืืื ืืชืืจืืจืื. ืืืื ืกืืืจืื ืฉืชืืืข ืืื ืขื ืฉืื ืืชืคืืื ืขืืืื, ืืืืืืจ ืืื ืืช ืืืื ืชื, ืฉืืืฉืจ ืื ืชืืจื ืืืข ืืชืืืืื ืืขืืื ืืืืฉืจืืช ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืืจื ืืขืืื ื’, ืืจื ืืื ืืฉืคืืข ืขื ืืืื ืื ืืื ืืคืื ืืจืื ืืืืื, ืฉืื ืืื ืชืืจื ืืชืขืื ืืจืืื, ืื ืื ืฉืืงืืฉื ืฉืืืจ ืฉืืช ืืืืื ืืฉืืืจ ืฉืืช, ืืื ืฉืืชืืื ืื ืืืืฉืืจ ืืืืื ืืชืืืจ ืืืืืจ ืืืื. ืืข”ื ืชืืข ืืื ืืืจื”ืก ืฉืื ืืื ืืชืืืงืื ืืชืืจื ืืื ืฉืื ืจืคืืื, ืื ืืื ืืฉืชืื ืืืืื ืืคืจืื.
ืืฉืคืขืช ืื ื ืืชืืจื ืืคืจืืืช
ืืืื ืื ืืฉืคืืข ืืืืคื ืคืจืื, ืืืื ืฉืืืจ ืืจื ืืืจื”ื ืืฆ”ื ืฉืฉืืืจืช ืฉืืช ืจืคืื ืืื ืืืื ืืฆื ืืืื ื ืืืืขืื, ืื ืฉืื”ื ืืืืฅ ืืคืกื ื ืืืจืื ืืืชืจ. [ืืื ืืชืคืืจ ืฉืืื ืืืจืื ืืืชืจ ืืืื ืืกืืจ…ย ืขื ืืฃ ืฉืฉืืช ืืืชืจ ืืืืจ ืืืืฅ ืืคืกื.] ืฉืืื ืืคื ืฉืื ื ืืืชืจ ื ืืืจืื ืืืืฅ ืืคืกื ืืข”ื ืืฉืคืืข ืฉืื ืืฆืื ืืื ืืืชืจ ืืืืจ ืืฉืืช. ืืื ืืืื ืืื”ื ืฉืืืื ืืงืคืืืื ืขืืื ืืคืืื ืืจืืืงืื ืืืืชืจ, ืืืฉ ืฉืืืืืื ืืืืืื ”ืก ืืืื”ื, ืืืื ืืคื ืฉืื ืืฆืืื ื ืืื”ื ืืืชืจ ืืืืจ..
ืจืื ืืื ืืืจืืืช ืืืืืช ืขื ืืื ืชืืจื ืื ืจืง ืืืืจืืชืื ืืืชืืืืืื, ืืื ืืื ืืื ืืฉืจืื – ืืืคืจื ืืืืจ ืืืืจืื ืฉืืืฉืืืืช ืื ื’ืชืืืช ื ื’ ืฉื ืืื ืืฉืจืื – ืฉืืื ืขื ืื ืฉื ืชืืืง ืืจื ืืื ืืฉืคืืข ืืืืคื ืคืจืื ืขื ืืืื.
ืืืฉืื ืชืืจื ืืจืื ืืืืืื ืืชืืจื ืืืืข ืืืืืืื – ืฉืจืง ืืืื ืืืืืช ืืื ืืืืข ืืื ืืื ืืืขืืงื ืืื, ืืืชืคืื ืืจืืื ืืืฉืจ ืืืืื, ืืจื ืืื ืืฉืคืืข ืขื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืคืจื. ืฉืื ื ืืืจ ืืคืจืืื ืฉื ืืฉื ื ืืจื ืืื ืืฉืคืืข ืฉืืฉ ืคืืืช ืื ืืื ืืฉืืืืื, ืืื ืืงืคืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืืจื ืืฉืคืืข ืฉืืืื ืคืืืช ืคืืืขืืช, ืืืฉืฉืืงื ืขื ืชืงื ืช ืืืจื ืืืืื ืืืืืชื ืืฉืคืืข ืฉืืืื ืคืืืช ืจืฆืืืืช, ืืคื ืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืฉ ืฉืืืืืช ืืืฉืคืขื ืขื ืืฉื ื. ืืื ืืฉืคืขื ืืคืจืืืช, ืืืฉ ืื ืฉืืฉืคืืข ืืืืืืช ืฉืืื ืื ืฉืืชืืืง ืืชืืืงื ืื ืืืจืื ืืคืืื ืื ืืฉืืื ืืืจืื.
ืืื ื ืืืืชื ืืจืืืช ืืื ืืขืืกืง ืืืฆืืช ืืืืืื ืืฆืืคืืจื ื ืืืกืืื, ืฉืื ืืืฉืืื ืืืืจ ืฉืืืกืชืืืืชื ืขื ืืืืื ืืชืืจื ืืื ืืื ืืงืื ืืืืช ืืขืืืืช ืืงืืืฉ ืฉืื ืืขืฆื ืจืืืืช ืืื ืืชืืจื. ืืื ื”ื ืืฉืคืขื ืืืืฉืจืื, ืืืฉ ืืขืงืืคืื ืฉืืื ืืื ื ืืืืข ืื ืืื ืคืืขื ืืืฉืคืืข, ืืืฉืืืื ืืฉืื ืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืื ืืืฉืืื ืืื ืืื ืขืืืจ ืืขืฉืื ืืจืื ืื ืืื ืขื ืืืื ืืฉืคืืข, ืืืืื ืืืคืชืข ืืืืืช [ืืืื ืืฉืืจ ืขื ืื ืขืื ืืืืืขื ืืชืืจื ืืฉืืืจืช ืืืืืืช ืืฉืืืจืช ืืจืฆืื] ืืื ืืฉืคืืข ืข”ื ืืขืฉืื ืฉืืื ืื ืืืืข ืขื ืงืืืื. ืฉืืืืข ืืขืฆืื ืฉืืื ืืืชืคืื, ืืื ืื ืืจืืืฉ ืืืฉืื ืฉืืฆืืืงืื ืืขืืื ืชืืืขืื ืืขืฆืื, ืืืชื ื ืื ืฉืืจ ืขื ืฉืืฆืื ื ืคืฉ ืคืืื ื ืืคืืื ื, ืืืชืื ืืชื ืืฆืืชื ื ืคืฉืืช, ืืืืืจื ืื ืฉืืืื ืคืืื ื ื ืงืืข ืคืืื ื ืืกืื ื ืืจืง ืืืืืช ืชืืจืชื ื ืืฆื. ืืืฉืจืฆืืช ืืขืืืจ ืขืืืจื ืืืชืืืงืช ื ืืฆื ืืื ืื ืืื ืืืจ. [ืืื ืื ืฉืืืจ ืืจื ืจื”ื ืืืจ”ื ืฉืืืืืืืฅ ืืฆ”ื ืฉืฉืืืจืช ืืืืืืช ืฉื ืืืืื ืืฆืื ืืช ืืจืืื.]
ืืืจืืืช ืื ืื ื ืืืืื ืืื ืจืืืชืื ื ืฉืขืืื ื ืืืขืช ืืื ืืืืจืืืช ืืืืืืช ืขื ืื ืืื ืืืื, ืฉืืื ืชืืจื ืืื ืืฆืื ืืงื”ื ืืืื ืืืืช ืืื ืืจืืื ืืืืืื.
ืืื ื ื”ื ื ืืื ืืื ืืืขืืื ืืช ืืกืืืืช ืืืืช ืืืื ืื ืืื ืื ืืืืืืื ืขื ืชืืืืืื, ืฉืื ืืืื ืืขืืจื ืืื ื”ื ืืืจืื ืืืขืืืื ืืช ืืขืืืื.
ืืงื”ื ืืขืืจื ื ืฉืื ืจืืืชืื ื ืืจืืฉื ืืืฉืืื ืฉืืืื ื ืืื ืืืืจื, ืืืืื ืื ืืฆืืืงืื, ืืืคืจื ืืืชื ืฆื ืืข ืื ืกืชืจ ืืจื ืจื”ื ืื”ืจ ืืืื ืืฉ ืืฆ”ื ืืชืคืืื ืืืืื ืืืืฆื ืืืฉืจ ืืขืื ื, ืฉื ืืื ืืืืื ืืืฉืื ืืืขืช ืืืื ืืืช ืื ืคืฉ ืื ืขืฉื ืืช ืชืคืงืืืื ื ืืจืืื ืืื ืฆืขืจ, ืื ืจืืื ื ืืช ืืืืืืื, ืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืจืืืื, ืืืชืืืืช ืืืชืื ืืืืืืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ืื”ื.
[1] ย [ืืืื ืืืจื ืื ื ืืืจ ืืืืืืจ ืืืจื ืืื’ “ื ืื ื ืืืืจื ืืืื ืื ืืืื ืฉืื ื ืืจื ืืืชืจ ืืฉื ืืจื ืืขืืฉืื ืฉื ืืจื ืืคืฉืคืฉ ืืืขืฉืื ืืืืจื ืื ืืืฉืืฉ ืืืขืฉืื” ืืืงืฉื ืชืืก’ ืืืข”ื (ื.) ืืืชื ืืืื ืื ืืืืง ืืืื ืืืืืชืื ื ืฉืืืืื ืืืื ืื ื ืื ืืื ื ืืขืืื, ืืืืืข ืขืืื ื ืืืืืืช ืืื ืืจื ืืืื ืื ืืืื ืฉืื ื ืืจื ืืืชืจ ืืฉื ืืจื. ืืืื’ ืืคืจืฉ ืืชื ืืืื ืืื ืฉืื ืืื ื ืืขืืื. ืฉืืื ืืืืื ื ืืคืฉืืื ืฉืื ืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืื ืืื ืืืฉื ืืืืจืืช, ืืื ืฉืืื ื ืฉืืจืื ืืืืืช ืืืืื ื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืืช ืืืืืชื. ืืืืืืื ืฉืื ืืื ืืืื ืขืื ื ืืจืฉื”ื ืืืจืืื”ื ืืจื ืื ืืืื ื ืืชืืืืกืื ืืื ืจ”ื ืืืจ, ืืื ืื ืื ืืื ืืชื ื ืชื ืืื ืืืืืจืืื ืฉืืืื ื ื ืืืื ืงืื ืื ืื ืืื. ืืจืง ืืฉืื ืฉืืื ื [ืื”ืฉ ืืื ืืืื ืชืืืชืื.] ืื ื ื ืืฉืืื ืืืืืื.
ืืืืกืืคื ืชืืก’ ืืชืจืฅ ืฉ’ืืืื ืืย ืืืื ืฉืื ื ืืจื’ ืืื ืืกืชื ืืื, ืืื ืฆืืืงืื ืืฉืจื ืืื ืืืฉืจื ืืืืจื, ืืขืืืื ืืืจื ืืืื ืื ืืืืง ืืืื ืืืืืชืื ื ืฉืืืืื ืืืื ืื ืืื ืฆืืืงืื ืืื ืืขืืื.
ืืืค”ื ืคืืจืืฉ ืืื’ “ืืขืืฉืื ืฉื ืืจื ืืคืฉืคืฉ ืืืขืฉืื ืืืืจื ืื ืืืฉืืฉ ืืืขืฉืื” ืืื ื ืืจืืืื ืฉืืื ืขืืืฃ ืฉืื ืืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืืื ืฉืกื”ืก ืืจื ืื ืืขืืื ืขื”ืค ืืืฉืืฉ ืืืคืฉืคืฉ ืืืขืฉืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืช ืืืื ืืจืืง, ืืื ืืืืื ื ืฉืืืืช ืืกืชื ืืื ืขืืืฃ ืฉืื ื ืืจื, ืืขืืฉืื ืฉื ืืจื ืืคืฉืคืฉ ืืืืฉืืฉ ืืืขืฉืื ืืื ืฉืืืื ืืฉืจื ืืื ืืืฉืจื ืืืืจื ืืืืื ืืืื ืฉืืืื ืืขืืื.
ืฉืขื ืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืืช ืืืฉืืื ืฉื ืืคืกื ืืฆืืื ืื ืื ืฉืืจื ืืฉืืจ ืขืืืจื ืื ืื ืืคืกืื, ืืืืืฉืืจ ืืขืืืจืืช, ืืืืขืฉื ืืืฆืืืช ืืืคืฉ ืืืืืช ืฉืื, ืืื ืืฉืจื ืฉืื ืืขืืื. ืฉืืจื ืืงื”ื ืจืืฆื ืฉื ืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืฉื ืขืฉื ืจืฆืื ื ืื ืืืื ืฉืืจ, ืฉืื ืชืืืืช ืื ืฉืืจื ืืงื”ื ืืช ืขืืืื ืืื ืฉืืขืฉื ืจืฆืื ื ืืืืื ืืืืืื ืขืื. ืืข”ื ืืืืขืฆืื ืื ื ืื”ื ืืคืฉืคืฉ ืืืขืฉืื ืืื ืฉืืืื ืืงื”ื ื ืืช ืจืื ืืืืื ืืืืืื ืขืื.]
โซโชParshaโฌโฌ โซโชPreview
Harav Hagaon Yaakov Moshe Katz Shlita
The Emunah and Bitachon Booster
Parashas Beshalach
Harav Hagaon Yaakov Moshe Katz shlita
I would like to discuss two points that emerge from this weekโs parashah.
At the beginning of Parashas Beshalach, when Klal Yisrael left Mitzrayim, they merited the amud anan during the day and the amud eish at night. These pillars of cloud and fire eased their travels in the Midbar, smoothing the way for them and protecting them from wild animals and the heat of the sun. Later in the parashah Klal Yisrael received the mann, and the reason they merited this food from shomayim is that when they left Mitzrayim they did not take provisions for the way โ ืึฐืึทื ืฆึตืึธื ืึนื ืขึธืฉืืึผ ืึธืึถื โ and trustingly followed Hashem, as Rashi notes in Parashas Bo, citing the praise: ืึถืึฐืชึผึตืึฐ ืึทืึฒืจึทื ืึผึทืึผึดืึฐืึผึธืจ ืึผึฐืึถืจึถืฅ ืึนื ืึฐืจืึผืขึธื and the resulting reward: ืงึนืึถืฉื ืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตื ืึทื’.
By following Hashem into the Midbar, Klal Yisrael demonstrated their bitachon in Hashem. Hashem said to leave Mitzrayim, and they went into the Midbar, a desert, with no supermarkets, no clothing stores, nothing. They traveled to a place that was practically uninhabitable, especially for so many people together, and in the merit of the emunah that they displayed, they received the ananei hakavod and the amud haโeish, which protected them. And because they headed into the Midbar without food, they merited an extraordinary food โ mann, which could taste like any flavor.
This conveys an important lesson for all generations. What keeps us going throughout the galus, and what will be the zechus that will lift us out of the galus, is our emunah and bitachon in Hashem โ our belief that He will be there for us and take care of us in every situation. This belief is especially important at a time when we are experiencing hardships such as corona, and the other shakeups that are going on in America โ itโs a time of nisayon, a time to strengthen our emunah and bitachon.
But when placing our emunah and bitachon in Hashem itโs not just enough to say, โOh, I really believe in Hashem.โ Thatโs a good start, but Klal Yisrael did more than that โ they did an act of bitachon. They didnโt just say, โYeah, sure we believe in Hashem.โ They went into a Midbar and followed what Hashem said, even though they didnโt know how they would manage.
In life we face so many nisyonos, whether with regard to gezel or other nisyonos of keeping Torah and mitzvos, or in the realm of shemiras hakedushah, or shemiras halashon, and so on. When a person enters that unsowed land and itโs very hard, and it looks to him as though heโs going to suffer from following the ways of the Torah, and even so he holds strong and keeps the Torah, he merits immense siyatta dโShmaya โ heโs zocheh to the amun anan and the amud eish. This is reflected in the words of Tehilllim that we sing during Shalosh Seudos: ืึดืึฐืืึนืจ ืึฐืึธืึดื ื’ ืจึนืขึดื ืึนื ืึถืึฐืกึธืจ. ืึผึดื ึฐืืึนืช ืึผึถืฉืึถื ืึทืจึฐืึผึดืืฆึตื ึดื ืขึทื ืึตื ืึฐื ึปืืึนืช ืึฐื ึทืึฒืึตื ึดื.
Hashem watches over such a person and takes care of him, and heโs zocheh to the mann โ Hashem provides him with parnassah even during hard times. And there are hard times. But when you have emunah and bitachon in Hashem and you follow Him, He takes care of you. This message of the amud anan and the mann is a message lโdoros, illustrating the shemirah that someone who places his bitachon in Hashem is zocheh to.
Furthermore, the Nefesh Hachaim (1:9) teaches that when Moshe Rabbeinu davened to Hashem and Hashem responded: ืึผึทืึผึตืจ ืึถื ืึผึฐื ึตื ืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตื ืึฐืึดืกึผึธืขืึผ, He was conveying that the yeshuah was dependent on Klal Yisrael. Citing the passuk: ื’ ืฆึดืึผึฐืึธ ืขึทื ืึทื ืึฐืึดืื ึถืึธ, the Nefesh Hachaim explains that when we have emunah in Hashem, then He protects us and takes care of us. Hashem was telling Moshe Rabbeinu, โNow is the time for Klal Yisrael to show they believe in Hashem, by taking the step into the sea, which I said is going to split. Go in, and in the merit of that emunah the sea will split.โ
In other words, Krias Yam Suf happened to Klal Yisrael in the merit of their belief that Hashem would split the sea for them.
In life we face so many hardships and nisyonos, but when we have emunah that Hashem is going to split the sea for us, weโll be zocheh to Krias Yam Suf, to the mann and the amud anan. Everything depends on our emunah and bitachon in Hashem.
This is one point to strengthen during this time, when we need so much chizuk. Strengthen your emunah and bitachon that Hashem can split the sea, that He can do anything. Letโs put our emunah and bitachon in Hashem, and then things will be good for Klal Yisrael.
YOU Can Protect Klal Yisrael
In Hallel we say: ืึทืึผึธื ืจึธืึธื ืึทืึผึธื ึนืก, and the Midrash teaches that this was in the merit of Yosefโs running away from the wife of Potiphar after she grabbed his clothes and tried to seduce him to sin, as the passuk says: ืึทืึผึธื ึธืก ืึทืืึผืฆึธื. The sea didnโt want to split, says the Midrash, and only when it saw the bones of Yosef did it split.
The Maharal explains that Yosef overcame his nature โ he was a teenager away from home, and he really wanted to sin, but he controlled himself, going against his nature. In that merit, the sea went against its nature and split for Klal Yisrael.
From this we see the power of one Yid.
Specifically during the days of Shovavim, which is an auspicious time for people to elevate themselves in the realm of kedushas haโadam, it is important to realize how great is the power of one Yid who has a nisayon in the area of kedushah โ if he guards himself, he can save all of Klal Yisrael. He can split the sea, which is the culmination of the geulah.
When the Yidden left Mitzrayim, the Torah tells us: ืึทืึผึดืงึผึทื ืึนืฉืึถื ืึถืช ืขึทืฆึฐืืึนืช ืืึนืกึตืฃ. Why does the Torah emphasize this specifically at the time when they were leaving Mitzrayim? Because it was an integral part of Yetzias Mitzrayim. Indeed, the continuation of Yetzias Mitzrayim was Krias Yam Suf, which happened because of the atzmos Yosef.
This is a lesson for all of us, that when weโre in galus we should take the โbonesโ โ the mussar โ of Yosef with us and recognize what he was able to accomplish by overcoming his nisayon. In galus, we face so many nisyonos in the area of kedushas haโadam, and when we overcome these nisyonos and remain strong, we cause yeshuos to happen for all of Klal Yisrael.
Klal Yisrael need so many yeshuos, and those happen from the power of people who โtake the atmos Yosef.โ How far does this kedushah extend? It says that the bones of Yosef accompanied the aron hakodesh. Why? Because the kedushah that a person can attain, as Yosef Hatzaddik did, can bring him to a level where he is right beside the aron hakodesh. When a person withstands his nisyonos, he turns himself into a veritable sefer Torah, reaching the ultimate level of kedushah.
When we think about this it can empower us to guard our kedushah, especially during these days of Shovavim, which are propitious for this.
Sing Now, Sing Later
The passuk says: ืึทืึผึดืืจึฐืืึผ ืึธืขึธื ืึถืช ื’ ืึทืึผึทืึฒืึดืื ืึผ ืึผึทื’ ืึผืึฐืึนืฉืึถื ืขึทืึฐืึผืึน, and this is followed by Az Yashir. The Mechilta teaches that because of Klal Yisraelโs emunah in Hashem, they were zocheh to sing shirah. Shirah is a specific kind of a song โ itโs not just singing a nice tune, but rather a very emotional song, a song of joy that comes from within a person when he is so happy that his heart simply sings his joy. This happened in the merit of Klal Yisraelโs emunah in Hashem.
Shirah is not just words of divrei Torah โ itโs a special kind of connection to Hashem in which you feel the joy of having Hashem taking care of and saving you.
The Midrash goes on to say that just as Klal Yisrael sang shirah at that time, there are a total ofย ten shiros that Klal Yisrael would sing throughout history, the tenth of which will be sung at the time of the future geulah. In the merit of our emunah, Klal Yisrael will be redeemed and we will sing another shirah together, a beautiful song from the depth of our hearts that will express the joy we feel because we have Hashem with us, taking care of us. At that time, we will see clearly Hashemโs great kindness, and that will be an opening for receiving more and more kindness leโasid lavo.
Whoever says shirah during these times โ by saying Az Yashir every day in Shacharis โ will be zocheh to say shirah leโasid lavo. Remembering every morning that Hakadosh Baruch Hu helped Klal Yisrael at the time of Yetzias Mitzrayim and took them out of galus should give us chizuk for the whole day: Hashem is with us! Hashem is going to take care of us! And we should say Az Yashir with emunah and bitachon in Hashem.
Bโezras Hashem we should all be zocheh speedily to sing together joyously and experience the good that Hashem will shower all of Klal Yisrael with.