ืืืจื ืจืืืชืื ื
Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Nachum Partzovitz, ztโl
ืืืื ืขืืืง ืืืืื ืขื ืืฉืจืื ืืจืคืืืื (ืื, ื)
ืืื’: ืฉืจืคื ืืืืื ืื ืืชืืจื. (ืกื ืืืจืื ืืฃ ืง”ื ืข”ื)
ืืืืจ ืืจื ืจืืฉ ืืืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืจื ื ืืื ืคืจืฆืืืืฅ ืืฆืืื”ื: ืืืืื ื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืกืคืจืื ืขื ื ืืกื ื’ ืื ืคืืืืชืื, ืืืงืื ืืขืกืืง ืืืืืขื ืืกืืืืืช ืืขืืืงืืช ืืืืืืช. ืื ืื ืฉืืืื ืืืืื ืืช ืืชืืจื ืืขืื ืืืืืขื, ืื ืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืกืคืจ ืื ืืกืื, ืืฆืื ืืื ืจืคืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืชืืจื.
ืคืขื ืืืจืช ืืืืจ ืืจื ืืฆืืง”ื: ืืื ‘ืฉืจืคื ืืืืื ืื ืืชืืจื’, ืืจื ืื ืืืจื ืื”ื ืฉืื ืืืื ืชืืจื.
ืืืืืจ, ืืืื ืฉืืืื ืชืืจื, ืืื ืฉืืื ืื ืืจืคืืื, ืืืื ืืื ืื ืืขืืืง ืืืื ืืืืืื ืขื ืืฉืจืื.
(ืื ืื ื ืืื, ืขื’ ืชืงืกื)
ืืืจื ืืืืื
ืืจืื ืืช ืืฆืืงื ืืช ืืจืช ืจืืงื ืืืจืื ืข”ื
ืืฉืช ืืืจ ืืืืจื ื ืืืืื ืืจื ืืฆืืง ืืืจืื ืฉืืื”ื
ืืช ืืจื ืจืืฉ ืืืฉืืื ืฉื”ืช ืืืืื ืืจื ืืืื ืฉืืืืืืืฅ ืืฆืืื”ื
ื ืืืช ืืจื ืจืืฉ ืืืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืจื ืืืืขืืจ ืืืืื ืคืื ืงื ืืฆืืื”ื
ืชื ืกืืื ืจ ืืจืื ืืืช ืืขืงื ื ืืืจื ืืืืืช ืืืื ืืช ืืจืืฉืื ื ืื. ืืฉื ืื ืืืืจืื ืืช ืืืฉืืื ืืืกืืจืช ืืฉืืขืืจืื ืืชืืืืืืชืื ืืื ืืช ืืฉืคืืชื ืืืืชื. ืชืืืืืืชืื ืืจืืืช ืจืื ืื ืืืืช ืืืคืช ืื ืงืฉืจื ืื ืืขืืืชืืช ืฉื ืืืื.
ืืืฉื ืขืฉืจืืช ืฉื ืื ืขืืื ืืืืื ืืขืื ืฉืืื”ื. ืืืกืืจืืช ืขืฆืืื ื ืืื ืขืืื ืืช ืื ืขืื ืืืืช ืข”ื ืฉืืขืื ืฉืืื”ื ืืืื ืืืชืืกืจ ืืืจืืฆืช ืชืืจื ืืืืขืืืช ืืชืืืืืื.ืชืืืืื ืืืฉืืื ืืืื, ืืชืืืืื ืืขืื ืฉืืื”ื ืืคืจื, ืืื ืืขืื ืื ืืื ื ืืฉืคืืชื ืืืฉ ืื ืฉืื ืขื ืืืื ืื ืืื ืืื.
ืืืืืจ ืคื ืื ืืืืกืืจืืช ืืื ืงืฅ ืคืชืื ืืช ืืืชื ืืจืืืื ืืคื ื ืชืืืืื ืืืฉืืื, ืืืคื ื ืขื ืืื ืืืืืืืื, ืืฉืจ ืืื ืกืืืืื ืชืืืจ ืขื ืฉืืืื ื.
ืืชืงืืคื ืืืืจืื ื ืืืชื, ืื ืขื ืืฃ ืฉืืืืืชืื ื ืืืฉื ืืืื, ื ืคืฉื ืืจืืืื ืืืฉืืื ืืืืืจ ืืืืืจ ืคื ืื ืืื ืืกืืืืื ืืืชื. ืืฉื”ืง ืคืจืฉืช ืื ืืฉืืื ื ืฉืืชื ืืืืฆืจื ืืืืื ืช ืื ืืฉืคืืชื ืืื ืืืจืื. ืขื ืืฃ ืืฉืขื ืืืืืืจืช, ืืฉืชืชืคื ืจืืื ืืืืืื ืืืฉืืื ืืืืืงืืจืื ืืจืืื ืืืืืืืืชื ืฉืืฆืื ืืจืืืช ืืืฉืืื.
ืชืืืืฅ ืืื ืขื ืืขืื ืืืจื ื ืฉืืื”ื, ืขื ืืืฉืืื ืืงื’ ืืขื ืื ืืืช ืืฉืจืื ืฉืืืืืข ืืืืืช ืื ืฆื. ืชื ืฆื”ื.
ืืฉืืืื ืืืื
Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shpitzer Shlita
ืืฉืื
ืืืื ื ืงืจืืืช ืืชืืจื
ืืืืื ืฉืืฉืช ืืืื ืืื ืืื, ืืืื ืขืืืง, ืืข’ ื”ืง ืค”ื ืฉืคืืจืืฉ ืืื ืชืืจื, ืืื”ื ืชืืงื ืืฉื ืงืจืืื”ืช ืืฉื ื ืืืืืฉื ืืฉืืช.
ืืื ื ืืื ืงืจืืืช ืืชืืจื ืืื ืื ืื. ืืข’ ืืื”ื ื”ื ื”ื ืืืกืชืคืง ืื ืื ืืืืื ืื ืฆืจืื ืื ืืฆืืืืจ ืืืืืื, ืืืืื ืื”ื ืงื”ื ื”ื ืืคืืืช. ืืข”ืฉ ืื”ื ืืฉื ืืื ื’ (ืืข’ ืืจืื ืืืืื ืืจ’ ืืืื ืืืืื ื”ื ืขื’ ืงื ”ื ืฉืืื ืืืืื ืจ’ ืืฉื ืื ืืื ืกืงื ืืฆ”ื) ืฉืืขืืจ ืืืจ”ื ืืืืื (ืืจื”ืฃ ื’ ืข”ื) ืืฉื ืืจืื”ื “ืืื ืืืชื ืืงื ืืฉืื ืืชื ืืืืช ืฆืืืืจ ืื ืืืื ืขืืฉืื ืืืชื ืื”ื ืืขืฉืจื ืื ืจืืื ืืืืืืื ืืืืจ ืืืื ืฉืื ืฉืืขื ืงืืืฉ ืืืจืื”, ืืืื ืืืขื ืฆืืืืจ ืืื ืืกืชืคืง ืื ืฆืจืื ืื ืื ืจืื.
ืืืืืข ืืขืฉื ืฉืืืจ”ื ืืืจ ืืืืื’ ืฉืืืื”ื ืืกืชืคืง ืืื ืื ืื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืืืจ ืื ืืฆืจืื ืื ืื ืืืืืืื, ืืืื ืืืจ (ืื”ื ืฉืืื ืืืืืชื) ืืืืจ”ื ืืืคืืจืฉ ืืจ”ื ืื ”ื, ืืืืจ”ื ืืืจ ืืืืื ืช ืืจืื”ื ืืืืฉื ื ืืืืจื ืืขืฉืจื ืืืืืืื, ืืืจ”ื ืืืกืืฃ ืืื ืคืฉืื ืืืขื ืื ืงืืืฉ ืืืจืื ืื ืื ืจืืื ืืืืืืื.
ืืื ืืจืื ืคืืจืฉื ืืจ”ื ื ืื ืืืจ”ื ืืืื”ื.
ืืืกืืจื ืืื’ ืื ืืืงื ืื ืงืจืืื”ืช ืืืืช ืืืื ืืื ืืืขื ืขืฉืจื ืืฉืื ืืืจ ืฉืืงืืืฉื, ืืืขืช ืืืื”ื, ืื ืืืืื ืงืจืืื”ืช ืืืืช ืฆืืืืจ, ืืืขื ืื ืื ืฉื ืืืืืื, ืื ืจืืื ืืืืื, ืืืืจื ืืจ”ื. ืืข’ ืืื ืืจื”ืฉ ืืืืืช ื”ื ืืฉื ืืืจ”ื ืขืฆืื.
ืื ืจืื ืื ืืืงื ืืื ืฉืืืจื ืืืืื ืฉืืฉืช ืืืื ืืื ืชืืจื, ืื ืืื ืืขื ื ืขื ืื ืืืื, ืื ืจืง ืฆืืืืจ ืฉืื ืงืจืื ืืชืืจื ืฉืืฉืช ืืืื ืืื ืืืื, ืืืื ืืชืงื ื.
ืืข’ ืจืื”ื ืคื”ื ืืชืคืื ื”ื ืืฉืืื ื ืคืกืืงืื ืืกืืฃ ืืชืืจื ื”ืฆ ืื ืื, ืืข’ ืจ’ ืฉืืืื ื”ื ื”ื ืืฆ”ืข ื”ืฉ ืืื ืืชืืจื ืืืื ืืืจ ืฉืืงืืืฉื. ืื ืจืื ืืืจืื”ื ืก”ื ืืจ”ื ืืืืืช ืฆืืืืจ ืืื ื ืืฉืื ืืืจ ืฉืืงืืืฉื ืืื ืื ืืื ืืืืช ืฆืืืืจ, ืืก”ื ืืคืกืืงืื ืืื ืฉืื ื ืืื ืืืืช ืืืื.
ืืข’ ืจืื”ื ืคื”ื ืืชืคืื ื”ื ืฉืชืืงื ืืฉื ืืื ืฉืื ืืฉืื ื’ ืืืื ืืื ืฉืืืขืช ืชืืจื, ืืืืจ ืื ื ืืืื ืืืกืืฃ “ืฉืืืขืช”. ืืืืื ื”ืฉ ืื”ืฉ ืืื ืฉืืื ืืืืช ืฆืืืืจ).
ืืข’ ืื”ื ืจืืฉ ืงื”ื ืืืคื ืืจื”ืฃ ืืืจืื”ื ืืืจ ืืชืงื ืช ืืฉื ืชืืงื ืืฉืืช ื’ ืงืจืืืื (ืืื ืืฉื ื ืืืืืฉื ืื ืชืืงื ื’ ืขืืืืช ืขื ืฉืชืืงื ืขืืจื). ืืื ื ืื ืืชืงื ื ืืื ืืืืช ืฆืืืืจ ืืืื ืฉืชืืงื ืืกืคืจ ืงืจืืืื ืืื ืื ืืชืงื ื ืืื ืืืืช ืืืื ืืื ืฉืฆืจืื ืืืคืฉ ืื ืื ืืฉืื ืืืจ ืฉืืงืืืฉื, ืืืื ืืชืงื ืืขืืงืจื ืืื ืื ืื ืงืจืืืื. ืื ืืฆื ืืจืื”ื ืืฉืืืชื.
ืืืจ ืืืืช ืืืืืื ืืืืืช ืืืฉืชืืืืช
Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Nosson Tzvi Finkel ztโl
“ืืืืืจ ืืฉื ืื ืืืืจ ืืฉืจ ืฆืื ื’, ืืื ืืขืืจ ืืื ื ืืืฉืืจืช ืืืืจืืชืืื, ืืืขื ืืจืื ืืช ืืืื ืืฉืจ ืืืืืชื ืืชืื ืืืืืจ ืืืืฆืืื ืืชืื ืืืจืฅ ืืฆืจืื” (ืฉืืืช ืื, ืื).
“‘ืืืืจืืชืืื’, ืืืื ืืจืืืื. ืืฉืืื ืืจืืืื ืืืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืชื ืขืืกืงืื ืืชืืจื, ืืื ืืืืจืื ื ื ืื ืืืืืชื ื ืื ืขืกืืง ืืชืืจื, ืืืืื ื ืชืคืจื ืก, ืืืฆืื ืืื ืฆื ืฆื ืช ืืื. ืืืจ ืืื, ‘ืืชื ืจืื ืืืจ ื’ (ืืจืืืื ื, ืื), ‘ืฉืืขื’ ืื ื ืืืจ ืืื ‘ืจืื’, ืืื ื ืชืคืจื ืกื ืืืืชืืื, ืืจืื ืฉืืืืื ืืฉ ืื ืืืงืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืจืืื” (ืจืฉ”ื ืฉื).
ืืืชืื ืืืืจ (ืืจืืืื ืื, ื- ื): “ืื ืืืจ ื’, ืืจืืจ ืืืืจ ืืฉืจ ืืืื ืืืื ืืฉื ืืฉืจ ืืจืืขื, ืืื ื’ ืืกืืจ ืืื. ืืืื ืืขืจืขืจ ืืขืจืื, ืืื ืืจืื ืื ืืื ืืื, ืืฉืื ืืจืจืื ืืืืืจ ืืจืฅ ืืืื ืืื ืชืฉื. ืืจืื ืืืืจ ืืฉืจ ืืืื ืื’ ืืืื ื’ ืืืืื. ืืืื ืืขืฅ ืฉืชืื ืขื ืืื, ืืขื ืืืื ืืฉืื ืฉืจืฉืื, ืืื ืืจืื ืื ืืื ืืื, ืืืื ืขืืื ืจืขื ื, ืืืฉื ืช ืืฆืืจืช ืื ืืืื, ืืื ืืืืฉ ืืขืฉืืช ืคืจื”. ืืืื ื ืืืื, ืฉืืืืช ืืืืืืื ืืฉืคืืขื ืขื ืื ืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืืืืืชืื, ืืืืื ืืืงื”ื ืืืืืื ืฉืื ืืืืื ืื ืฉืืงืื ืืช ืื ืืืืืช ืืขืืื ืืื, ืืืฃ ืืืื ืื ืงืฉืื ืืื ื ืฆืจืื ืืืืื ืืื. ืืขืืืชื, ืื ืฉืืื ื ืืืื ืืืงื”ื, ื ืืืจ ืขืืื “ืืจืืจ ืืืืจ”, ืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืื ืืช ืื ืืืื. ืืื ืืฉืื ืืืื ืืงื ืืช ืืช ืืืืช ืืืืืื, ืืืืขื, ืฉืื ืืื ืืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืืฉืชื ืืช ืืืืื ืืคื ืืืืช ืืืืืื ื ืืืงื”ื.
ืืืื, ืืชืืจื ืืืจื ืื ื ืืืื ืืงืืืืช ืืช ืืฉืืืืชื ืฉื ืขื ืืื ืื, ืืืคื ืฉืืชืืืจ.
ืคืจืฉืช ืืื- ืืืจืืช ืืืืช ืืืืืื ืืืงื”ื
ืขื ืืฉืจืื ืืื ืืืืืจ ืืืืื ืืจืืขืื ืฉื ื, ืืื ืืฉื ืื ืืืื ืืืื ื ืืื ืืฆืื ืืืื, ืืืฉ ืืืฉ ืืคื ืืกืคืจ ื ืคืฉืืช ืืืชื, ืืื ืขืื ืืืื ืืืืขื, ืืืื ืืืืจืื ืืงืื ื ืฉื ื ืืืืช ืืื ืืกืืืืืช ืืืื ื. ืืื ืืฉื ืื ืืืื, ืื ืืืจืข ืืื ืคืขื ืืืช ืฉืืจื ืืืฉืืื ืื ืืืชืจ ืืื ืฆืจื ืืืืืืช ืืืชื ืืืื, ืืืื ืืขืฉ”ืง ืืืืื ืฉืืช. ืื ืฉื ืืกื ืืฉืืืจ ืืช ืืื ืืืื ืืืืจืช, ืืืื ืฉืืื ืืชืืืข ืืื ื ืืชืจ ืืืื ืืืื. ืืฆืืืืช ืืืื ืื ืืืืืชื ืืืื ืืฉืจืื ื ืืกืืื ืืืื ืืืื. ืื ืืื ื ืงืืืื ืื ืฉืืื ืฆืจืืืื, ืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืืฉืืื ืืช ืืืื ืขื ืืงื”ื ืืืืคื ืืืืื.
ืื ื ืืืจ (ืฉืืืช ืื, ื): “ืืืืืจ ื’ ืื ืืฉื ืื ื ื ืืืืืจ ืืื ืืื ืื ืืฉืืื, ืืืฆื ืืขื ืืืงืื ืืืจ ืืื ืืืืื, ืืืขื ืื ืกื ื ืืืื ืืชืืจืชื ืื ืื”. ืืคืืจืฉ ืืืื ืขืืจื (ืฉื): “ืืืขื ืื ืกื ื, ืฉืืฆืืจื ืืื ืืื ืืื”, ืืื ืืชื ืืจืื”ื (ืฉื): “ืื ื ืืกืืื ืืื ืืื, ืฉืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืื, ืืื ืืจืื ืืื ืขืฆื ืืืืืจ, ืจืง ืืื ืฉืื ืืืขื ืืชืืืื ืืื ืฉืืขื ืืืืืชื, ืืืืจื ืืื ืืืจ ืืื ืืืืื ืืืจืขืืื ืืืื, ืืขื ืื ืื ืฉืืขื ืืืืช ืืืจื ืืฉื”. ืืจืื”ื ืืืืื ืืื ืฉืืืจ ืืฉื ืืืฉืจืื ืืกืืฃ ืืืชื ืืจืืขืื ืฉื ื (ืืืจืื ื, ื- ื): “ืืืืจืช ืืช ืื ืืืจื ืืฉืจ ืืืืืื ื’ ืืืืงืื ืื ืืจืืขืื ืฉื ื ืืืืืจ, ืืืขื ืขื ืืชื ืื ืกืืชื ืืืขืช ืืช ืืฉืจ ืืืืื ืืชืฉืืืจ ืืฆืืืชืื ืื ืื,ย ืืืขื ื ืืืจืขืืื ืืืืืืื ืืช ืืื ืืฉืจ ืื ืืืขืช ืืื ืืืขืื ืืืืชืื, ืืืขื ืืืืืขื ืื ืื ืขื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืื ืขื ืื ืืืฆื ืคื ื’ ืืืื ืืืื”, – ืฉืื ืืืจืช ืืจืืืช ืืื ืืืชื ืืื ืืืืื ืืช ืืืืช ืืืืื ื ืื’. ืืืื, ืจืื ืืฉืจืื ืืืจืื ืืจืืืช ืืื ืฉืืงื”ื ืืืฆืื ืืืืืืื ืื ืืช ืื ืฆืจืืืื ืืื ืืืจื ืืขืื, ืื ืชื ื ืื ืืืื ืืืขืช ืื ืื ืชืืืืื ืืขืืืืื ืืืกืื ื’ ืืื ืฆืืจืืืื. ืขื ืื ืฉืืื ืืงื”ื ืืช ืืื ืืฉืจืื: “ืื ืืืจ ื’ ืืืจืชื ืื ืืกื ื ืขืืจืื ืืืืช ืืืืืืชืื, ืืืชื ืืืจื ืืืืืจ ืืืจืฅ ืื ืืจืืขื” (ืืจืืืื ื, ื).
ืืฆืืช ืืฉืืืื ืืงื ื ืืช ืืืืช ืืืืืื
ืืฉื ืื ืกื ืืฉืจืื ืืืจืฅ ืืฉืจืื, ื ืืชื ื ืืื ืคืจืฉืช ืฉืืืื ืืื ืืงื ืืช ืืช ืืืืช ืืืืืื ืืืงื”ื. ืืื ืฉื ืืืจ (ืืืงืจื ืื, ื- ืื): “ืืื ืชืืืจื ืื ื ืืื ืืฉื ื ืืฉืืืขืืช, ืื ืื ื ืืจืข ืืื ื ืืกืืฃ ืืช ืชืืืืชื ื, ืืฆืืืืชื ืืช ืืจืืชื ืืื ืืฉื ื ืืฉืืฉืืช ืืขืฉืช ืืช ืืชืืืื ืืฉืืืฉ ืืฉื ืื”. ืืื ืืืื ืื ืืกืืื ืืขืืื ืืคื ื ืืืื ืืืฆืืช ืืฉืืืื. ืืืื ืขืืื ืืืคืกืืง ืืช ืขืืืืช ืืฉืื ืืฉื ื ืชืืืื ืืืืคืงืืจ ืืช ืื ืคืืจืืชืื. ืืจื ืื ื ืืกืืื ืงืฉื ืขืืืจ ืืื ืฉืืจื ืืขืื ืืฉืื ืฉืฉ ืฉื ืื ืชืืืืืช, ืืจืง ืขื ืืื ืืืืช ืืืืืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืขืืื ืื.
ืืืืื ืืงื”ื ืืืืืืื ืฉืื ืืืืข ืฉืื ืขืืืืชื ืืฉืื ืืื ื ืืื ืืืืจ ืงืืื ืืืืืจื ืืืฉืชืื ืืคืจื ืกืชื, ืฉื ืืืจื ืขืืื ืืืืจ ืืื ืืื ืืจืืฉืื. ืืืื ืฉื ืฆืืืื ืืฉืืืช ืืขืืืืชื ืืฉื ืช ืืฉืืืื, ืืจื ืืื ืขืืฉื ืืืช ืืื ืฉืื ืืืชืื ืืืื ื ืฉืื ืืืจืข ืื ื ืืง ืืืฉืื ืืงืืื ืืืฆืื, ืืืงื”ื ืืืฆืื ืื ืืช ืคืจื ืกืชื ืืืงืื ืืืจ.
ืืืืจ ืฉืืฆืื ืื ืืื ื ืกืืื ืขืฆืื ืืืื, ืืจืฉื ืื”ื (ืชื ืืืื ืืืงืจื, ื) ืืช ืืืชืื (ืชืืืื ืงื, ื): “ืืจืื ื’ ืืืืืื ืืืืจื ืื ืขืืฉื ืืืจื ืืฉืืืข ืืงืื ืืืจื” ืขื ืฉืืืจื ืฉืืืขืืช, “ืจืื ืืฆืืง ื ืคืื ืืืืจ ืืื ืฉืืืจื ืฉืืืขืืช, ืืืื ื ืงืจื ืฉืื ‘ืืืืจื ืื’, ืจืืื ืฉืฉืืื ืืืคืงืจืช ืืืืื ืืชืื ืืืคืงืจืื ืืืกืืืืื ืืคืืจืฆืื ืืจืืื ืคืืจืืชืื ื ืืืืื ืืืืืฉ ืืช ืืฆืจื ืืืื ื ืืืืจ, ืืฉื ื ืจืืืชืื ื ‘ืืืืื ืืืืจ ืืืืืฉ ืืช ืืฆืจื'”.
ืืขืื ืืขื ืืื ื ืืขืืื ืืื – “ืืืขืช ืืคื ืชืืื ืืื”
ืืื ืื, ืฉืืืืื ืื’ ืืฆืืื ืืื ืืขืฉืื, ืืื ื ืคืฉืื ืืืืืจื, ืืคื ืฉืืืืจ ืืจื ืจืืฉ ืืืฉืืื ืืืจ”ื ืฉืืืืืืืฅ ืืฆ”ื (ืฉืืืืช ืืืกืจ, ืืืืจ ‘ืคืจืฉืช ืืื โ ืืืืื’). ืืืืชืืืื, ืื ืืื ืืื ืฆืจืื ืืืจืื ืืื, ืืืืืืื ืฉืื ืืขืืื ืืืืชืืืืข ืขื ืื ืช ืืืฉืื ืืช ืฆืจืืื. ืจืง ืืืืจ ืฉืืื ืืื ืืจืืฉืื ืืืืืืช ืขืฅ ืืืขืช, ื ืืืจื ืขืืื ืืืืจืช “ืืืขืช ืืคืื ืชืืื ืืื” (ืืจืืฉืืช ื, ืื), ืืืืฆืจื ืืขืืื ืืืืชืืืืข, ืืืื ืฉืืจืฉื ืื”ื (ื”ืจ ื, ื) ืขื ืืคืกืืง (ืืจืืฉืืช ื, ืื): “ืืงืืฅ ืืืจืืจ ืชืฆืืื ืื, ืืืืืช ืืช ืขืฉื ืืฉืื” – “ืจืื ืืืืื ืืืจ, ืืืื ืืืืช ืืืชื ืืขืื ืื ืืื ืืืื ื ืื ืขืื, ืขืืฉืื ืฉืื ืืืืช ‘ืืงืืฅ ืืืจืืจ ืชืฆืืื ืื’. ืืืจ ืจืื ื ืืืื, ืืืื ืืืืช ืืืืช ื ืืื ืขืฉืืื ืืชืื ืื ืขืื ืืืืขื ืืื ืื ืืขืื ืื ืฉืืขืืื, ืขืืฉืื ืฉืื ืืืืช ‘ืืืืืช ืืช ืขืฉื ืืฉืื'”.
ืืื ื, ืขืืืจ ืืืขื ืืื ืขืืืื ืืื ื ืืืื ืืืืจื ืื, ืืืื ื ืฉืชืืจื ืื ืืขืืช ืืืื ืืคื ืฉืืืืชื ืงืืื ืืืื. ืื ืืืจื ืื”ื (ื ืื ื, ื): “ืืจืฉ ืจืื ืฉืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืขื ืืื ืืื’, ืืืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืืืืช ืืฉืืชื ืืื ืฉืืื ืฉืืชื ืืืื ื ืืืฆืื ืจืขื ืืื’, ืื ืจ ืืืืง ืื ืขื ืจืืฉื ืืฆืืคื ืืืืื ืืกืืฃ ืืขืืื ืืขื ืกืืคื ืืื’, ืืืื ืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ืฉืจืื ืืืืื ืืืชืจ ืืืืชื ืืืืื ืืื’, ืืืืืืื ืืืชื ืื ืืชืืจื ืืืื”. ืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืจืืฉืื, ืืื ืื ืื ื ืืืื ืืฉืืืื ืืช ืืืืงืฉื ืืื ืขืื ืืืืืขื ืืื ืขืืืจ ืืืขื ืืื, ืืคื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืจืืฉืื ืขืฆืื ืงืืื ืฉืืื. ืืื ืฉืืจื ืืืื, ืื ืืืจื ืขืืื ืืืืืจื “ืืืขืช ืืคืื ืชืืื ืืื”, ืฉืขืืื ืืขืืื ืืืืชืืืืข.
ืขื ืืื ืืขืื ืืืืจ ืืื ืืืืืชื ืฉื ืืงืื
ืืื ื ืื ื ืชืืื ื ื ืจืื, ืฉืื ืืืืืจื ืื ืืืื ื ืชืืขืืช ืจืื ืืืื. ืฉืื ืืื ืืืงืื ืืช ืฆืจืืื ืืื ืืจืื ืืืื ืขืื ืืื ื ืืืืข ืืืขืจืื ืืืช, ืืืืืงืืจ ืืช ืืขืฉื ืื ืืชื, ืืืื ืื ืฉืืจื ืืขืื ืขื ืืืื ืืชืื ืืืืข ืืืขืจืื ืืืช ืืืืืงืืจ ืืช ืื ืืชื. ืืืฉืจ ืืื ืืงืื ืืืืจืื ืืช ืื ืืืืงืฉื ืืื ืขืื ืืืื ืืืืขื, ืืื ืืื ืืืงืืจ ืืช ืืขืฉืืื, ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืฉืืงืื ืืื ืืช ืื ืฉืจืืฆื. ืจืง ืืืืจ ืฉืืื, ืืขืืื ืืืจืื ืืขืฆืื ืืื ืืืฉืื ืืช ืฆืจืืื, ื ืืชื ืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืืืจ ืืืื ืืืืจืื ืขื ืื ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื ืืืขื ื. ืืืื ืื ื ืืืื ืืงืืืื ืืช ืื ืฆืจืืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืื ืื ืืจืื ืืขืื, ืืื ืกืืืจืื ืฉืื ืืื ืืืข ืืืจืืื, ืืื ืืื ืืืืขืื ืืืืืจ ืืืื ืืื ืฉืืืืืื. ืื ืืืืจ ืฉืื ื ืืืื ืฆืจืืืื ืืืืข ืจืืืช ืขื ืืฉืืช ืฆืืจืืืื, ืื ืืืืขืื ืืืืงืืจ ืืช ืื ืืืื ืฉืืฉื ื ืืขืืื ืืื, ืืืืืืจ ืืืื ืืืงื”ื ืขื ืฉืืจื ืืช ืื ืืืจืื ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืช ืืื ืื ื ืืื.
ืืื ื, ืืืืื ืืืงื”ื ืืฉืืืืืช, ืืืืข ืืืืืจ ืืื ืฉืื ืืืืืช ืืขืืื ืืื ืืื ื ืืื ืืืช ืืงื”ื ืฉืขืฉืื ืืื ืืืื ืืช ืืื ืื ื ืืื. ืืืืื ืฉืื ืืืจืช ืืขืื ืืืืืืขื ืืื ืืืืื ืืช ืืืื ืืืืจื ืื, ืืืืื ืืื ืฉืืืืข ืืืจ ืืืืจื ืื, ืจืืื ืืงืื ืืช ืืืืืช ืืขืืื ืืื ืืื ืฉืืขืืื ืืืชืืืืข ืืื.
ืืื ืืืืื ืืืงื”ื ืืฉืืืืืช ืืื ื ืืืืืืช ืืขืืื ืืื ืืื ืขืื ืืืืืขื
ืืืกืืฃ ืืจื ืืืจ”ื ืฉืืืืืืืฅ ืืฆ”ื, ืื ืืขืชื ื ืืื ืฉืืฃ ืืืืจ ืฉื ืืืจื ืืืืืจื ืฉืขื ืืืื ืืขืืื ืขื ืคืจื ืกืชื, ืืื ืืงืื ืืืฉื ืืชืืจื ืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืืงื”ื ืืืืช ืืืชืืื, ืืืืฆืื ืื ืื ืฆืจืืื ืืื ืื ืขืื ืืืืืขื. ืืืคื ืฉืืืื ื ืืกืื ืื ืืคืจืฉืช ืืื ืืืคืจืฉืช ืฉืืืื. ืืื ืืืจ ืืืืืจ, ืฉืฉืื ืืช ืื ืืืืื ืืืงื”ื ืืงืืืื ืืช ืื ืฆืจืืืื ืขื ืืื ืืื, ืืื ืื ืขืื ืืืืืขื. ืืื ืืืืืจ ืืืื ืฉืืืจ ืืฉืืืื ืฉืืืื ืืืงื”ื ืืืืื ืฉืื, ืืืืืื ืขื ืืื ืืงื”ื (ืืืงืจื ืื, ืื): “ืืฆืืืืชื ืืช ืืจืืชื ืืฉื ื ืืฉืืฉืืช” – ืฉืคืข ืฉื ืืจืื ืืื ืขืื. ืื ืื ืืื ืืืงื ืืืืจืื ืฉื ืื ืืืืื ืืืงื”ื, ืื ืฆืจืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืื ืฉืืฆืืจื ืืืืื ืืื ืืื.
ืืื ืื ืฉืืฆืื ื ืืืืื, ืฉืืืงืฉ (ืืืื ืื, ื): “ืื ืืชื ื ื ืืืจืื ืงืื”, ืืืืจื ืื”ื (ื ืื ื, ื): “ืืื ืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ืฉืจืื ืืืืื ืืืชืจ ืืืืชื ืืืืื ืฉืืขืืืจ ืืืขื ืืื, ืฉื ืืืจ ‘ืื ืืชื ื ื ืืืจืื ืงืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืฉืืจื ื’ ืืืืืื ืืืื ืฉืืฉ ืืื ืืจืืื ืืืื ืืื ืฉื ืื, ืืื ืืืืจ ืืื ืืจืื ืืืื”, ืืื ื ืืงืฉืชื ืฉื ืืืื ื ืจืืืช ืชืืืื, ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืืืจ ืืืืืช ืืขืืืจ ืืืขื ืืื. ืขื ืืจืืื ื ื ืคืจืฉ, ืฉืืงืฉืช ืืืื ืืืืชื ืืืืืจ ืืืืืช ืืืจืื ืจืืื ืืช ืืืืื ืฉื ืื ืืืช ืืืืช ืืืืืืื, ืืคื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืจืืฉืื ืงืืื ืืืื. ืืคื ืฉื ืชืืืจ, ืฉืืื ืืื ืื ืืงืื ืืืื ืืช ืฆืจืืื ืืฃ ืืื ืขืื ืืืืืขื, ืืืื ืขืฆืื ืืื ืืื ืื ืืืืช ืืขืืืจ ืืืขื ืืื.
ืื ืืื ืืืจืื ืฉืืืจืืื ืืช ืืืชื ืืืืื: “ืฉืื ืชืฉืื ืจืขืื ืืืืืืื, ืืฉืืื ืืฆืืจื ืืื ืขืื ืืงืื”. ืืืื ื, ืฉืืืื ืืืืืช ืืช ืืืืื ืืืจืื ืื ืืืืื ืฉื ืืืืื ืฉืื ืืืงื”ื, ืืืื ืืจืืฉืื ืงืืื ืืืื, ืืืืืื ืืืฆืื ืืื ืืงื”ื ืืช ืื ืฆืจืืืื ืืื ืขืื ืืืืจืื.
ืืืื ืฉื ืชืคืืื ืืชืื ืืืืื ืืืงื”ื
ืื ื ืชืืื ื ืืืื ืืืขืฉื ืฉื ืืืื, ื ืจืื ืืช ืืืื ืืืืื ืฉื ืชืคืืืช ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืงื”ื.
ืืฉืขื ืฉืืืื ืืชืคืื ืชืคืืื ืื, ืืื ืืืฆื ืงืฉื ืขื ืืื. ืืืื ืืื ืืืฉ “ืชื ืืืฉืจ ืืจื ืืืืงืื ืืกืจ ืืจืข” (ืืืื ื, ื), ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืช ืืื ืืืืืช ืืขืืื ืืื. ืืื ืื ืฉืืขื ืื ืื ืืฉืืืฉ ืื ืืช, ืฉืืขืช ืืืคืื ืฆืืย ืืฉืืืฉืช ืืืคืื ืืืืื, ืืืฉ ืืืืช ืฆืื ืืงืจ ืืืืฉ ืืืืช ืืชืื ืืช, ืขื ืฉื ืืืจ ืขืืื (ืฉื ื, ื): “ืืืื ืืืืฉ ืืืื ืืืื ืืื ืื ื ืงืื”. ืืื ื, ืขื ืืื ืงืืจืื ืืฉืื, ืืชื ืื ืื ืื ืืื ืืชืื ืืืื ืืื, ืื ื ืืกืื ืืงื ืืื ืื ืืจืื ืืืืืื ืืืื ืขืฆืื ืืืื ืืฉืืื ืจืข ืืืฃ ืจืื ืืขื ืงืืืงืื. ืืื ืืชืืจ ืืืื ืืฉืขืจ ืืช ืืงืืฉื ืืืืืกืืจืื ืฉืขืืจื ืขืืื ืืืื ืงืฆืจ. ืืื ื ืืืฉื ืืืื, ืืฉืคื ืืฆืื ืื ืืจื, ืืืชืคืื ืื ืืงื”ื ืฉืืฉืืืื ืืืขืืช ืืื ืืจืืฉืื ืงืืื ืืืื – ืืืจืื ืืืืืื ืืืืชืจ.
ืืืื ืชืืื, ืืืื ืฉืจืื ืืืฆื ืื ื ืืจื, ืืืื ื ืืกืชืคืง ืืืงืฉื ืฉืืืงื ืืขืืื ืขืื ืืฆืจืืช ืื ืืจืืืช, ืืืคืืื ืืื ื ืืืงืฉ ืืืืืจ ืืืฆืื ืืงืืื, ืชืคืืืชื ืืื ืืืขืคืื ืืืืจืื ืืืืื ืืื, ืืืื ืืจืืฉืื ืงืืื ืืืื ืืื ืขืื. ืืืื ื ืืื ืืช ืืื ืืขืฆืื ืฉืืฉ ืืชืคืืืช ืืืื ืืืืื ืืงื”ื. ืขื ืืื ืชืคืืื ืืชืื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืืงื”ื, ืฉืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืขืฆืืจ ืืคื ืื, ืืืื ืืื ืืืคืื ืืช ืื ืืฆืืืืชื ืื ืืงืฆื ืื ืืงืฆื, ืืืืขืคืื ืืืืจื ืขืืืงืชื ืืืืืจื ืจืื. ืืืื, ื ืขื ื ืืงื”ื ืืชืคืืืชื ืฉื ืืืื, ืื ืชื ืื ืคื ืฉื ืื ืืื ืืืืืืช ืฉืืื ืื ืงืืื ืืื, ืืืคื ืฉืืืืืจ ืืกืืฃ ืกืคืจ ืืืื (ืื, ืื- ืื).
“ืืขืืืจืื ืืื ื ืขืื ืืจื ืืจืฅ”
ืื ืจืื ืืืืจ, ืฉืขื ืคื ืื ืืชืืืจืื ืืืจื ืืืฉื ื ืืืืืช (ืค”ื, ื”ื): “ืื ืืืงืื ืขืืื ืขืื ืชืืจื, ืืขืืืจืื ืืื ื ืขืื ืืืืืช ืืขืื ืืจื ืืจืฅ”, ืืืื ื ืืืืืฉืช. “ืขืื ืืจื ืืจืฅ”, ืืื ืืืจืื ืฉืฆืจืื ืืืื ืืืจืื ืืคืจื ืกืชื, ืืืืช ืืืืจืช “ืืืืขืช ืืคื”. ืืื ืืืงืื ืขืืื ืขืื ืชืืจื ืืืื ื ืขืื ืืคืจื ืกืชื ืืชืื ืืืืื ืฉืื ืืืงื”ื ืฉืืืฆืื ืื ืืช ืคืจื ืกืชื, ืืงื”ื ืืขืืืจ ืืื ื ืขืื ืืจื ืืจืฅ, ืืืืฆืื ืื ืืช ืื ืืืืงืฉื ืืคื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืจืืฉืื ืืคื ื ืืืื. ืืคื ืฉืืืื ืืขืื, ืฉืืืฉืจ ืฉืืื ืื ื ืืืจื ืฉื ืืจืืืื: “ื ื ืื ืืืืืชื ื ืื ืขืกืืง ืืชืืจื, ืืืืื ื ืชืคืจื ืก”, ืืจืื ืืื ืืจืืืื ืืช ืฆื ืฆื ืช ืืื, ืืืืจ ืืื: “ืืจืื ืฉืืืืื ืืฉ ืื ืืืงืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืจืืื”. ืืืืืจ, ืื ืชืขืกืงื ืืชืืจื ืืชืืืื ืืืงื”ื ืืืืื ืฉืื ืืคื ืฉืืื ืืืืจ ืืืืืจ, ืืงื”ื ืืืฆืื ืืื ืืช ืคืจื ืกืชืื ืืื ืขืื ืืืื ืืืืขื, ืืชืืืื ืืฉืืช ืืืขืกืืง ืืชืืจื.
โซโชParshaโฌโฌ โซโชPreview
Harav Hagaon Binyomin Cohen Shlita
Without a Doubt
Parashas Beshalach
Harav Hagaon Binyamin Cohen Shlita
At the end of this weekโs parasha, the Torah tells us that Klal Yisrael came to Refidim and found no water to drink. The people were very thirsty, and they started complaining to Moshe and to Hakadosh Baruch Hu. They started doubting and questioning Hakadosh Baruch Hu, asking: ืึฒืึตืฉื ื’ ืึผึฐืงึดืจึฐืึผึตื ืึผ ืึดื ืึธืึดื โ is Hashem within us?
Immediately afterward, Amalek attacked: ืึทืึผึธืึนื ืขึฒืึธืึตืง ืึทืึผึดืึผึธืึถื ืขึดื ืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตื ืึผึดืจึฐืคึดืืึดื. Rashi, citing Chazal, explains why these two incidents are juxtaposed:
ืชืืื ืื ื ืืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืื ืฆืจืืืื, ืืืชื ืืืืจืื ืืืฉ ื’ ืืงืจืื ื ืื ืืื, ืืืืื ืฉืืืื ืื ืื ืืฉื ืืชืื ืืืชื ืฆืืขืงืื ืืื ืืชืืขืื ืืืื ืื ื.
Because Klal Yisrael questioned whether Hakadosh Baruch Hu was really with them, Hashem sent Amalek to attack them. โWhen the dog bites you,โ Hashem said, โyouโll cry out to Me, and youโll know where I am.โ
Midrash Tanchuma on Parashas Ki Seitzei explains that the essence of the mitzvah to remember Amalek is to remember the sin Klal Yisrael committed in questioning: ืึฒืึตืฉื ื’ ืึผึฐืงึดืจึฐืึผึตื ืึผ ืึดื ืึธืึดื. The Midrash brings a mashal of a king who owned a vineyard, and put a gate around it and stationed a dog to guard the vineyard and bite anyone who tried to break in. One day, the kingโs own son broke into this vineyard, and the dog bit him. Wanting his son to realize that he had contravened his fatherโs orders by breaking into the vineyard, the king would tell his son, โRemember that you got bitten by a dog? Remember that bite?โ
Similarly, in commanding us to remember the incident with Amalek, Hakadosh Baruch Hu was saying, โRemember that you were bitten by Amalek? Remember that you questioned ืึฒืึตืฉื ื’ ืึผึฐืงึดืจึฐืึผึตื ืึผ ืึดื ืึธืึดื?โ
Thatโs the essence of the mitzvah of zechiras Amalek โ to remember the aveirah we did and to strengthen our emunah and bitachon.
But how are we to understand the middah kโneged middah here? Why, when Klal Yisrael questioned whether Hashem was with them, did Hashem send Amalek to โbiteโ them? And why is Amalek compared to a dog?
Cold Questioning
The passuk at the end of Parashas Ki Seitzei says about Amalek: ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืงึธืจึฐืึธ ืึผึทืึผึถืจึถืึฐ, and Rashi explains that the word ืงึธืจึฐืึธ comes from the root ืงืจ, cold. After Klal Yisrael left Mitzrayim and experienced Krias Yam Suf, everyone in the world recognized Hakadosh Baruch Hu. The nations of the world understood that Klal Yisrael were Hashemโs chosen nation and were afraid to start up with them:ืฉืึธืึฐืขืึผ ืขึทืึผึดืื ืึดืจึฐืึผึธืืึผื ืึดืื ืึธืึทื ืึนืฉืึฐืึตื ืคึผึฐืึธืฉืึถืช.
Rashi compares Klal Yisrael at that time to a boiling bath that no one would dare to step foot into. But one person does jump in and gets burned. In the process, however, he cools off the bath for everyone else. Similarly, when Amalek attacked, it ย โcooled offโ Klal Yisrael, making them vulnerable to future attacks.
Amalek caused coldness in the world, cooling peopleโs yiras Shomayim and emunah in Hashem and causing them to have doubts, sfeikos. The gematria of Amalek, we know, is 240, which is equivalent to the gematria of ืกืคืง, doubt. After Krias Yam Suf, it was abundantly clear that ื’ ืึถืึธื ืึผืฉืึฐืืึน ืึถืึธื and that no one should pick a fight with His nation. But Amalek cast doubt about this, making it possible for other nations to start up with Klal Yisrael. Even though Amalek was defeated in battle and hurt, they cooled the yiras Shomayim inspired by Krias Yam Suf and caused sfeikos in emunah.
In Parashas Bereishis, Hashem tells Kayin: ืึทืคึผึถืชึทื ืึทืึผึธืืช ืจึนืึตืฅ โ sin crouches at the door. What is this door? The Vilna Gaon, cited in Kol Eliyahu, explains that when a person has a safek, thatโs the door through which the yetzer hara enters. When a person has absolute clarity, the yetzer hara has no place to enter. For instance, a regular frum Yid has no taavah to eat chazir or lobster, because he knows clearly that itโs forbidden. Since he has no safek, the yetzer hara canโt convince him or even tempt him. But when a person has even a small doubt over whether he should or should not do something, the yetzer hara has an opening to rush in and convince him that the halachah permits it, itโs not a problem.
If you have a safek, you open the door for confusion, and thatโs when the yetzer hara takes over.
Amalek is responsible for creating this opening of doubt in the world. And these doubts cool off peopleโs emunah.
The Gemara teaches that one of the signs of Moshiachโs times is that: ืคื ื ืืืืจ ืืคื ื ืืืื โ the face of the generation is like the face of a dog. When a dog is hit with a stick, heโll get angry and bite the stick; he wonโt think to look who is holding the stick. Similarly, the generation before Moshiach wonโt realize that whatever happens is being orchestrated by Hakadosh Baruch Hu.
Amalek, too, was like a dog. Rather than recognizing Hashem as the cause of everything that happens, Amalek believed that everything happens by itself, with no Source behind it.
The way to fight Amalek was for Moshe Rabbeinu to lift up his hands, which was a sign to Klal Yisrael to turn their hearts to their Father in Heaven. Once they strengthened their emunah and bitachon, Amalek was defeated.
Worry = Bad Thoughts
We can now understand why, when Klal Yisrael doubted Hashemโs presence, as expressed by their question of: ืึฒืึตืฉื ื’ ืึผึฐืงึดืจึฐืึผึตื ืึผ ืึดื ืึธืึดื, they opened the door for Amalek to attack. Where there are sfeikos in emunah, Amalek โ whose power is to cool peopleโs emunah โ is able to make inroads. Thatโs why the arrival of Amalek was a middah kโneged middah consequence of Klal Yisraelโs doubting Hashem.
The first six words of the above Rashi โ ืชืืื ืื ื ืืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืื ืฆืจืืืื โ are worth remembering for a lifetime. โIโm constantly with you,โ Hashem says, โand Iโm prepared to provide for all of your needs: physical, emotional, spiritual, monetary โ ืืืืื, cash! How can you ask: ืึฒืึตืฉื ื’ ืึผึฐืงึดืจึฐืึผึตื ืึผ ืึดื ืึธืึดื? And if you do ask, then Amalek will come.โ
If we reflect upon the concept of ืชืืื ืื ื ืืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืื ืฆืจืืืื and work to integrate it into our outlook, it can impact our lives in a very positive way.
We learned this week the Gemara in Kesubos (10b) that says that thereโs nothing like eating dates in the afternoon, and one who does so is spared from three things, one of which is machshavos raโos, bad thoughts. What kind of bad thoughts? Rashi says: ืืืื, worry. Worry is a bad thought.
The word ืืืื contains four out of the first five letters of the Alef-Beis, and I heard from Rav Raphael Levin that the missing letter, beis, stands for bitachon. A person who has bitachon doesnโt worry, doesnโt ask ืึฒืึตืฉื ื’ ืึผึฐืงึดืจึฐืึผึตื ืึผ ืึดื ืึธืึดื. Hashem tells us that Heโs always with us and prepared to give us anything we need โ so why worry?
If we ask ืึฒืึตืฉื ื’ ืึผึฐืงึดืจึฐืึผึตื ืึผ ืึดื ืึธืึดื, we open the door for Amalek. But if we strengthen our bitachon and believe that Hashem is with us and will provide for us, then Amalek has no power over us, and bโezras Hashem weโll be zocheh to much brachah vehatzlachah.
Gut Shabbos.