ืืืจื ืจืืืชืื ื
Finkel, Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Aryeh ztโl
ืืืืืฉ ืืฉื ืขื ื ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืฉืจ ืขื ืคื ื ืืืืื (ืื, ื)
ืืืืจ ืืจื ืจืืฉ ืืืฉืืื ืืื”ื ืืจื ืืืืขืืจ ืืืืื ืคืื ืงื ืืฆืืื”ื:, ืืฉื ืจืืื ื ืืื ืืืืจ ืืืขืจืื ืืช ืืขืืืชืื ืืืืืืชื ืฉื ืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืฉืจืื, ืืคืืื ืืช ืืคืฉืืืื ืืื ืืืชืื ืฉืืื, ืฉืืจื ืื ืืืื ืืคืฉืื ืืืืชืจ ืืืื ืืช ืืขืืืช ืืืืืืืช, ืืื ืฉืืฉ ืืืฉืืื ืืืจืืช ืื ืชืื ืฉืจืฉื ื ืฉืืชื ืฉื ืืืื ืืืืืืช ืืืืฉืืฃ ืืช ืืืขืืืช ืืืืืืืช ืื.
ืืืชืื ืฉืืื ืืฉื ื ืืื ืืกืืืื ืื ืืืืืจ ืืืขืืืชืื ืฉื ืื ืืื ืืืฉืจืื, ืื ืื ืืืช ืืืืชืจ, ืื ืืื ืขืฆืื ืืืื ืขื ืืืชื ืืชื ืืืืืื.
ืืืื ืฉืืขืืื ืื ืืชืืจื “ืืืืืฉ ืืฉื ืขื ืื ืืื – ืืื ืืืื ืืฉืจ ืขื ืคื ื ืืืืื”, ืืืื ื ืืช ืขื ืืืชื ืืชื ืืืืืื ืงื ื ืืฉื “ืืื ืืืื”, ืขื ืืื ืืชืืื ื ืืช ืืืขืืืชืื ืฉื ืื ืืื ืืืื “ืืฉืจ ืขื ืคื ื ืืืืื”.
(ืืื”ืฆ ืจืื ืจืืืื ืืืื ืืฆ”ื – ืืืืฅ ืืืฉืจ, ืขื’ ื”ื)
ืืืจื ืืืืื
Finkel, Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Nosson Tzvi ztโl
“ืืืืืืช ืืช ืืืืืืื” – ืืื ืฉืื ืืื ืืืื
ืขื ืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืจื ืจืืฉ ืืืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืจื ื ืชื ืฆืื ืคืื ืงื ืืฆืืื”ื ืืืขืืืจ ืืื ื ืืชืืจื ืืฆืขืืจืื, ืืคืจื ืื ื ืืืฅ ืืืจืฅ, ืืช ืืืืืื ืืืืื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืืืืื ืืชืืืืืช ืืืื. ืืืจืืช ืฉืืืขื ืืื ืืืืจ ืขื ืื ืืืคืืจืฉ, ืืื ืื ืืืชื ื ืืืจ ืืื ืฉืืื ืืขืื ืืื ืืื ืืืื.
ืืื ืืืืจ ืฉื ืชืื ื ืืจืืฉ ืืืฉืืื, ืืื ืืืกืืจ ืืืื ืฉืืฉื ืืืขืืื ืืืืชื ืืื ืืืืช ืืืืฉื”ืง. ืืืืขื ืฉื ืฉื ืืื ืืืืช ืืฉืชืื ืืจื ืฉืืืืืจืื ืืืืืจืืื ืืฆืขืืจืื ืื ื ืืืฅ ืืืจืฅ ืืื ืกื, ืืืคืืื ืืืืจืื ืืืืฅ ืืืฉืืื ืฉืื ืฉืืืืื ืืืืขืืื ืืื.
ืืืืขืืื ืืื ืืื ืจืืื ื ืืืืจ ืืืืืจื ืงืืืื ืืืชืจ, ืืืงืืื ืืืืจืืงื, ืืฉืืื ื ืืชื ืืื ืืจืืฉื ืืืื ืื ืขืืื.
ืืจื ืืืืจ ืืืชื ืืคืชืืืืช, ืืืืื ืืื ืืืืจ ืขื ืื ืืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืืฉืืช. ืืื ืืื ืืกืคืจ ืขื ืขืฆืื ืืื ืืืืข ืืืฉืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืฆืขืืจ, ืืืจืืช ืฉืืื ืืฉืืง ืืื ืืชืจ ืื ื ืืืื, ืืขื ืืฃ ืฉืืืืจ ืื ืืื ืืงืืื ืืื ืื ื ืืืื ืืืืชื ืฉื ืื, ืืื”ื ืืื ืืจืื ืืกืคืจ ืขื ืืืืช ืืชืืจื ืฉื ืืืื ืืจื ืจื”ื ืืื”ื ืจืื ืืืืขืืจ ืืืืื ืืฆืืงโื, ืขื ืจืื ืืืืืืง ืืืืื ืจืื ืืืื ืงืืื ืืฆืดื ืืขื ืืืืืื ืืืฉืืชืฃ. ืขื ืืกืืจืื ืืืืืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืื. ืืื ืืื ืืกืคืจ ืืื ืขื ืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืืชืืื ืืดืืื ืืืื ืืืด ืืช ืืืกืืช ืฉื ืืืื ืืื, ืื ืฉืืชืืืืช ืืืื ืืื ืืืจ ืืื ืืืืจ ืืืจืืช ืจืืืช ืืขืื ืกืืคืืจืื ืฉืื ืื.
ืืชืื ืืืจืื ืืื ืืจื ืืกืคืจ ืขื ืืงืฉืืื ืฉืืฉ ืื ืืจืืฉ ืืืฉืืื. ื ืืืจ ืืื ืฉืืืกืจ ืืืจืืื ืืืืจืื ืืื, ืฉืืืขื ืืืืืจื ืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืชืืจื ืืื ืฆืืจื ืืืืื ืืช ืืืฆืืช ืืืคื ืื ืืืืื ืืืงื ืืืฉืืื ืืกืืืืืช, ืืื ืืืืจื ืืจืืืดื ืกืืฃ ืืืืืช ืฉืืืื ืืืืื: ืดืืื ืฉืื ืืื ืืืื, ืืื ืื ืืืฉ ืืื ืืื ืขืืื, ืืฉืจ ื ืืื ืจืืื ืืืชื ืืืืื ื ืืืขื ืืืืื ืืขืืื ืืคื ื ืืณ ืืฉืจืชื ืืืขืืื ืืืขื ืืช ืืณ, ืืืื ืืฉืจ ืืื ืฉืขืฉืื ืืืืืงืื ืืคืจืง ืืขื ืฆืืืจื ืขืื ืืืฉืืื ืืช ืืจืืื ืืฉืจ ืืงืฉื ืื ื ืืื, ืืจื ืื ื ืชืงืืฉ ืงืืฉ ืงืืฉืื, ืืืืื ืืณ ืืืงื ืื ืืืชื ืืขืืื ืืืขืืืื ืขืืืืืืด.
ืืืจืืช ืฆื ืืขืืชื ืืจืื, ืืืื ืืจื ืฉืืืกืจ ืืืืื ืืกืืคืืจ ืืืื ืืืื ืืืืืจ ืืช ืืจืื ืฉื ืื ื ืชืืจื ืจืืื. ืืืื ืืืืจืื ืขืฉื ืจืืฉื ืขืฆืื ืขื ืืืืืจืื, ืืจืืื ืืืืชื ืชืืืืืื ืืชืคืขืื ืืืงืื ืืช ืืืืจืื ืืชืฉืืืช ืืืื ืืืชืืกืจื ืืฃ ืื ืืชืืจื ืืืืื ืืชืืืืื ืืืืื.
ืืื ื ืคืฉื
ืืฉืืืื ืืืื
Shpitzer, Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shlita
ืืืขืืชื
ืืชืื ืืืื ืื ืฉืื ืืฉืจ ืืื ืืืืื ืื ืคืฉ ืืื. ืื ืจืื ืฉืฉืืจ ืืฉืจืื ื ืืืจื ืืืจ ืืคืจื ืืืืื. ืืื ืืฆืื ื ืืืจื ืฉื ืฉื ืื ืืืง ืืืฉืคื, ืืืจืฉื ืฉื ืฆืืื ืืคืจื ืืืืื ืืืจื. ืืข’ ืกืคืจ ืืืจืื ืคืื”ื ืื ืฉืืง’ ืจ’ ืืืื ืืจืืื ืืืื ื ืฆืืื ืืคืจื ืืืืื ืืืจื, ืืืจื ืื ื ืืืจื ืขื ืจ”ื ื ืืกื, ืืืฉ ืืืืกืืฃ ืืืง’ ืขืื ืืืืืื ืืคื ื ืืืืืืจ ืืื ืืื.
ืืชื’ ืื ืฆืจืื ืืื ืืืื, ืืืืืืจ ืื ืื ืืจืืช ืื ืืืฉืฉ ืื ืืฉืืื ืืืจืื ืื ืืืคืื ืืื’ ืืืื ืฆืื ืืื ืืืงื ืืืจื, ืืื ื”ื ืฉืืื ืืจืื ืืื ืคืกืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืฉื ืขืฉื ืืชืืงืื ืืงื ืืื, ืืืื ืืก ืืืืื ืื”ืฉ ืืจืื”ื. (ืืข”ืฉ ืื ืืจื ืกืืื ืืืฆืจืื ืืฉื ืืื ืืฉืฉ ืืจืื ื ืืืคืื. ืืืื’ ืขืื”ื ืื ืืคืืจืฉ ืืงืจื ืืฉื ืฉืชืื ืขืฉืจื “ืขืืื ืืช ืืื”).
ืืืขืืจื ืืชืืกืคืชื ืคืจื ืค”ื ืืืืื ืืจ”ืฉ ืกืืฃ ืืฉื ื ื’ ืฉื ืืืื ืืืืืื ืขื ืฉืชืขืฉื ืืคืจ, ืืฆ”ื ืืจืื”ื ืื ”ื ืืืื ื ืืืงืย ืืืจ ืฉืืืจย ื ืขืฉื ืืคืจื.
(ืืืขื ืื ืืจืื ืื ืืืคืื, ืข’ ืคืชืื ืืงืืืืช ืืจ’ ืืขืงื ืืืื ืขื ืืงืืืืช ืค”ื ืกืง”ื ืืืื ืขืืืช ืื ืืืืจืื ืชืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืื ืจืช ืืงืืฅ ืืืืืจืฃ. ืืข’ ืงืื ’ ืืืจื ืฉืืจ ืขื ืืงืืืืช ืขื’ ื ”ื ืืืคื ืืฉื”ืข ืฉืจื ืืืืื ืื ืื ืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืื, ืืฉืื ื ืืฉืืจ ื ืืจ).
ืืืืืช ืืจืฉ”ื ืค’ ืชืฆืื ืืืืืจ ืฉืืื ืืืจื ืืข’ ืคื ืื ื ืืืจื”ื ืขื’ ื”ื ืืืืืื ืฉืืื ืืงืื ืืืฆืจ ืืืฉืื. ืืคืืจืฉื ืขืค”ื ืชืืกืคืชื ืกืืื ืค”ื ืืืฉืืข ืฉืืื ืืืจื ืฉื ืืจืื ืืืฆืจ. ืืืขื”ื ืืขืื ืืงืจื ืค’ ืคืงืืื. ืืข’ ืื ืืฉืืื ืขื ืืงืืืืช ืืขื ืื ืืืืื ืืืืจ ืืจืื. ืืืคื”ื ืชืืงืฉื ืืืื ืื ืืงืื ืืคืจื ืืืืื ืืืืจื ืฉื ืืจืื.
ืืืขืื ืชืขื ืื
Finkel, Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Aryeh ztโl
ืืื ืื”ื ืงื ืืื ื ืืชืืจื ืืื ืืืขืื ืชืขื ืื.
ืืืืืืจ ืฉืืืืจืื ืืกืคืจืื ืืืืื “ืืืขืื ืชืขื ืืืด ืืื ืืงื ืืช ืืช ืืชืืจื, ืืื ืืฉืื ืฉืืงืืดื ืืจื ืื ืืช ืืืืฃ ืืื ืืช ืื ืฉืื (ืืฃ ืฉืืฉ ืื ืื ืืืืืื ืจืืื ืืื), ืืืช ืืืืฃ ืืจื ืคื ืืขืืื ืืฆืืจื ืื ืฉืื, ืขืณืณื ืฉืืืืฃ ืืจื ืืช ืื ืืชืืืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืืื, ืืืืืดื ืืืื ืื ืืื ืืคืฅ ืืืืื ืืืืคื ืืื ื ืืืฉ. ืืื ืืืช ืื ืืฆืืจื ืืืื ืืื ืฉืฆืจืื, (ืื ืืืืจ ืืืืจืดื ืืื ืืชื ืืืกืดื), ืืืชืื ืืืืณ (ืืืื ืขื, ื) ืฉืฉืืืื ื ืฉื ืชืดื ืืฉืืืื ืืืืื ืืืืฉืงื ืืื ืื ืื ืืกืื ืขืดื ืืืืื. ืืขืณืณื ืฉืืืื ื ืื ื ืืืขืืืดื, ืืืื ืืงืืดื ืขื ืืืกืืื ืืืืืืืช ืฉืขืฉื ืขืื, ืืืื ืืืืข ืฉืืชืืจื ืืื ืขืืงืจ ืืขืืงืจืื ืืืกืื ืืืกืืืืช ืืืื ืืื ืืื ืชืืจื.
ืฆืจืื ืืืืืจ, ืืืฉืื ืืจืื ืืืืชืืื ื ืืื ืืืกืื ืืช ืืืขืช, ืืื ืฉืื ืืชืขืืจืจ ืืื ื ืืคื ืืชืืื ืืืฉืืื ืชืืชืืช, ืืจืง ืืืชืขืืจืจืืช ืืื ืืื ืืืฆืื.
ืืื ื ืืืืจืดื ืืกืคืจื ืดืืจื ืืืื” ืืืืจ, ืฉืดืืืขืื ืชืขื ืืืด ืืืื ื ืฉืื ืืื ืืฉืงืืข ืืช ืขืฆืื ืืชืขื ืืืืช ืืขืืืดื – ืืกืืฃ ืื ืืืืฃ ืืืืฉืืืืช ืืืืจ, ืดืื ืืจืืืฃ ืืืจ ืืชืขื ืืืื ืืืืคื ืืื ืืจื ืืื ืืขื ืืืฃ ืืืขื ืืืืจ, ืืืื ืจืืื ืฉืืงื ื ืืืืื ืฉืืื ืืืคื ืืืืฃืด. ืืืืจืดื ืื ืืืืืง ืืช ืืืชืื ืืืฉืื ืืืฉื ื – ืดืืืขืื ืชืขื ืื”, ืืื ืืชืื ืดืืืืื ืชืขื ืืืด, ืืืื ืฉืืงืืดื ืืจื ืืช ืืขืืื ืขื ืื ืื ืื ืืชืขื ืื, ืืืฉ ืืืฉืชืืฉ ืื ืืืื ืืช ืืื ื ืขื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืกืืืข ืืืื ืืืชืขืืืช. ืืืขืดืค ืฉืืชืื ืืืฉื ื (ืืืืช ื, ื) ืดืื ืืื ืืจืื ืฉื ืชืืจื ืคืช ืืืื… ืืืื ืฆืขืจ ืชืืืืด – ืืื ืืืืื ื ืฉืืืืืื ืืืืงื ืืืืืช ืืื ืฆืขืจ, ืืื ืืืืืืฉ ืืื ืฉืืืื ืฆืจืื ืืขืืื ืืชืืจื ืืคืืื ืืชื ืืื ืฉื ืืื ืฆืขืจ.
ืืื ืืืชื ืื ืืดืืกืืืช ืืฉืจืืืด ืืคืดื, ืฉืืืื ืืืืื – ืืฉืขื ืฉืืื ืืชืขื ื ืื ืื ื – ืืืืืจ ืืช ืืกืื ืืณ, ืืืืืืืช ืื ืืื ืืื ืืฉืืื. (ืืืกืืจ ืืืืืช ืืจ ื ืคืฉ ืืืขืื ื ืืฉืื ืฉืืงืืดื ืืจื ืืช ืืืืฃ ืืขืืืืช ืืณ ืืืืืฃ ืืจืืฉื ืืืืช ืืฉืืื, ืืืฉืื ืฉืื ืฉืืืืช – ืืืืฃ ืืดื ืฉืื ืืงืืณืณื ืืืฉืชืืงืง ืืจืืื ืืืช, ืืืื ืฉืืฉืื ืฉืืื ืขืืื, ืืืื ืืืืข ืืืืืจ ืฉืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืื ืจืืฆื ืจืง ืืื, ืืืดืืืืด ืืื ื ืืื ืืขืืื ืืจืืื ื – ืืืชืขื ื ืขื ืืณ).
ืืืืืช ืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืขืช ืืืคื ืืื ื ืืฆื, ืขืดื ืฉืืจืื ืืื ืืื ืืฉืชืืงืง ืืืื ืืื ืืชืืืื, ืืื ืฉืืืืจ ืจืืื ื ืืื ื ืืดืฉืขืจื ืชืฉืืืืด, ืดืชืืืช ืฆืืืงืื ืื ืืืืด – ืืฆืืืงืื ืื ืืชืืืื ืืฉืื ืืืจ ืืื ืจืง ืืืื, ืืืื ืืื ืืื ืชืืจื – ืขืื ืืงืืื ืืชืืจื, ืืขืฉืืืช ืืกื ืฉืื ืืื ื ืืฉืืช ืชืืจื, ืืื ืืฆืืืงืื ืืฉืชืืงืงืื ืืขืืื ืืชืคืืื ืืืืืง ืืืืจื ืืืืฉืื ืืคื ืื, ืืืฉืดื ืืชืืืืื (ืงืื,ื) “ืืฉืคืื ืืคื ืื ืฉืืืืด, ืืืฉ ืืื ืจืืื ืืืงืจื “ืฆืืืงืด.
ืืขืืื ืืืืจื ืจืืื ื ืืื ื, ืฉืืืื ืืื ืืืืช ืืืงืจื ืฆืืืง ืืืดื ืืชืืื ืฉืื ืืื ืจืง ืืืื. ืืื ืืื ืืฉืชืืงืง ืื ืืขืืืดื ืืืื ืืื ืืืืจ ืดืืื ืื ืืด ืืื ืื ืืืืจ ืดืฆืืืงืด. ืืืขืดื ืฉืืชืื (ืงืืืช ื,ื ) ืดืืื ืฆืืืง ืืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ืืขืฉื ืืื ืืื ืืืืืด, ืื ื ืืืื ืฉืืื ืืฉื ืืฉื ืืื ืืืืจ ืืฉื ืืชืฉืืื, ืืจืืื ืชืืื ืืืืคืช ืืืชื ืืขืื ืืขืื. ืืื ืฉืืืจื (ืืจืืืช ืื,ื) ืดืื ืจืืืช ืชืืืื ืืื ืฉืขืืจ ืขืืืจื ืื ืชืืจืืจ ืืืจืื ืืืืื ืขืฉื ืชืฉืืืืด. ืืื ืื ืขืืืจ ืืื ืขืืืจื ืืื ืฉื ืืื ืืชืฉืืื ืืื ืืื ืื ืขืฆืื – ืืจื ืืื ืืืฆื ืฉื ืืจืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืืจ ืืื ืื ื, ืืื ืืืืจ ืฆืืืง. ืืืคื ืฉืืืื ื ืืื ืคืขืืื ืืืจื ืจืืฉ ืืืฉืืื ืืืจืดื ืืฆืืงืดื ืืช ืืฉื ืืงืืืงืื, ืฉืื ืืขืืื ืืืืจืืืื ืืืชื ืื ืืืฉ, ืืขืืื ืืื ืื ืืืืข ืืืฆื ืฉื ืจืชืืื.
ืดืืืขืื ืชืขื ืืืด ืชื ืื ืืื ืืงื ืื ืืชืืจื. ืืฉืืชืขืกืงืื ืืงื ืืื ื ืชืืจื ืฆืจืื ืืืขืช ืฉืืื ืืื ืืงื ืืื ืื ืืขืืงืจืืื, ืืืชื ืชืง ืื ืืขืืืดื. ืืื ืฉืืื ืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืืื ืื ืื ื ืื ืืขืืื, ืืฉื ืื ื ืืขืืืดื, ืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืื ื ืขืืื ืื – ืืื ืฆืจืื ืื ืืืื ืืืฉืื ืขื ืืชืืืืช: ืืืืข ืื ื ืืืื, ืืืืข ืื ื ืืฉื, ืืื ืืืืจื ืฉืื ืืื ืื, ืืขืดื ืืชื ืืจืืืดื ืืืืณ ืืขืืช (ื,ื) ืดื ืืฆื ืขืืื ืืช ืืณ ืชืืืืด.
ืืขื ืื ืื ืฆืจืื ืืืื ืืืฉืื ืื ืืื, ืืชืืื ืฆืจืื ืืืชืืืง ืืืขืืจืจ ืืช ืืืจืืฉืื ืืื, ืืืืื ืืืืณ (ืืจืืืช ืื,ื) ืืณ ืืืจืื ืฆืจืืืื ืืืืืง ืชืืื, ืคืืจืฉืดื: ืชืืื – ืืืื ืืืืื, ืืื ืฉืืขืืื ืื ืชืืคืกืง.
ืืชืื ืืคืกืืง (ืืฉืื ืื,ืื) ืดืื ืืงื ื ืืื ืืืืืื ืื ืื ืืืจืืช ืืฉื ืื ืืืืืด, ืืคืืจืฉ ืืืจืดื ืืืฉืจืืื ืจืฉืขืื ืืืืืื ืืืฆืืืืื ืืืจืืืืืื ืืกืฃ ืื ืื ืื ืื ืืืืื, ืืืืข ืืืื ืฉืืงื ื ืืื ืืืฉืชืืงืง ืืื ืืจืืฆื ืืืื ืืช ืืื ืฉืื ื ืื ืื. ืืขืดื ืืืจ ืฉืืื ืืืื ืดืื ืชืงื ื ืืืืืืืด – ืชืขืืื ืืชืขืงืืจ ืืขืฆืื ืืช ืืงื ืื ืืืืขืืช ืืื, ืดืื ืื ืืืจืืช ืืณ ืื ืืืื” – ืืฉืืชื ืจืืื ืืื ืืจืดืฉ ืฉืขืื ืืชืืจื ืืืงืืืื, ืื ืืฉ ืืงื ื. ืืื ืื ืฉืืืฉืื ืืืฉืื ืืขืืื: ืื ืื ื ืจืืฆื ืืืืืช ืื, ืืื ืืืฉ ืืงื ื ืื, ืืืืช ืืงื ืื. ืืขืื ืืืืจ ืืืจืดื ืืื ืดืืจืืช ืืฉื ืื ืืืื – ืืืืงืจ ืขื ืขืจื”, ืื ืืืื, ืืืื ื ืื ืืื ืืืื ืฉื ืืืื. ืืืื ืดืชืืืืช ืฆืืืงืืืด – ืฉืืงื ื ืืื ืฉืืฉ ืื ืจืืื ืืืช, ืืฉืื ืฉืืื ืืดื ืจืืฆื ืืืชืงืจื ืืืืืืช ืดืืืืด ืืืืฆืืื ืืชืืจื ืืชืคืืื ืืืืจืืช ืฉืืื ืืื ืฉืืฉื ื ืืฆืืื, (ืืื ืืืืืจ ืืดื ืืงื ืื ืืคืกืืื, ืืืืื ื ืฉืื ืจืืฆื ืฉืืฉื ื ืืฆืืื ืืืชืขืื ืืืืืช ืฆืืืง, ืฉืืืื ืงื ืื ืคืกืืื ืื ืงืจื ืจืฉืข ืืืืจ ืืฉืื ื ืืณ ืจืืดื).
ืื ื ืืืฉื ืฉืืคืจืฉืช ืืฉืืืข -ืืืขืืืชื- ืืคืฉืจ ืืจืืืช ืืช ืืืืจืื. ืืืจื ืืืื ืจืื ืืช ืื ืฉืืืื ืืืืืื ืืช ืืงืจืื ืืช ืืื ืืืช ืืืืื, ืืืขืืืื ืืืืช ืืืชื ืืืืจ ืืื ืืืช ืืืฉืื ืืืืฉื ืืขืชื: ืืืืข ืื ื ืื ืืืืชื ืืืฉืชืชืฃ, ืืืืืืจ ืืจืฉืณืณื (ืืืืืจ ื,ื). ืืืื ืืงื ืื ืืืจืืช ืืฉื ืื ืืืื, ืขื ืืื ืืืืฉืืช ืืืขืช – ืืืืข ืื ื ืื ืืฉืชืชืคืชื ืืขืืืืช ืืงืืืฉ ืืื ืืืืจืื ืืืืฉืืื ืืช ืืฉืืื ื ืืื ืืืื, ืืืืฉืคืืข ืขื ืื ืืฉืจืื ืงืืืฉื, ืืืื ืืืฉื ืืขืชื ืขื ืฉืืงืืดื ืืืจ ืื: ืฉืื ืืืืื ืืฉืืื, ืื ืืฉ ืืืง ืืืืืงืช ืื ืจืืช.
ืืื ืืืจื ืืืื ืฉืขืืื ื ืืืจ ืืืืืช (ืืืืช ื,ืื) ืดืืืื ืืช ืืืจืืืช ืืืงืจืื ืืชืืจืืด – ืืฉืจื ืืช ืืฉืืื ื ืืื ืืื ืืื ืฉืืืื ืงืจืืืื ืืงืืดื ืืื ืืื ืื ืชืฉืืงืชื. ืืืื ืืฉืจืื ืืืฉืื ืืืจ ืฉืขืืฉื ืืืจ ืืืื ืืืื ืื ื ืื ืืืง ืืื ืืื ืื ืฆืขืจ ืืืืืฉืืช ืืืขืช – ืืื ืื ื ืื ืืฉืชืชืคืชื, ืืื ืืงื ืื ืืจืฆืืื.
ืงื ืืื ืืืืขืื ืดืชืขื ืืืด ืื ืืงื ืื ืืขืืงืจื ืืืฉ, ืืขืดื ืืืืดื (ืืืงืืดืณืฉ ื,ืชืชื) “ืขื ืฉืืชื ืืชืคืื ืฉืืื ืกื ืืดืช ืืชืื ืืขืื ืืชืคืื ืฉืื ืืื ืกื ืืขืื ืื ืืชืื ืืขืืืด. ืืืืืืืจ, ืฉืื ืืื ืืืคื ืืช ืืืคื ืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืชืืจื, ืืืื ืฉืฉืชื ืืชืฉืืงืืช ืื ืืืืืืช ืืืื, ืืืื ืฉืืืฉื ืืขืฉืืช ืคืขื ืื ืืคืขื ืื ืื ืืฆืืื, ืืืื ืื ืงืจื ืืื ืืื ืื ื.
ืืืื ืืืข ืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืฉืืขืืจ ืฉื ืดืืืขืื ืชืขื ืืืด?
ืืื ืืืื ืืืขืช ืืืืืื ืขืฆืื ืืื ืืื ืืฉืชืืงืง. ืืืืืื, ืืืืงืจ ืฉืงื ืืฉื ืชื ืืืฉืื ืืขืฆืื ืื ืื ื ืจืืฆื – ืืื ืื ื ืจืืฆื ืืจืืฅ ืืืชืคืื, ืื ืื ื ืจืืฆื ืืืืฉืืจ ืืืฉืื, ืืืคืืณ ืฉืืืจ ืงื, ืืื ืจืฆืื ื ืืืืช ืืืชืขืกืง ืืื ืืืช ืืืืืจืื ืืืืื.
ืืขืฆืืืช ืืื ืืืื ื ืืจืื ืืืืืื, ืืขืฆื ืืืืช ืขืฆืื ืืืฉ, ืืชืืืืชืื ืืื ืืืชืื, ืชืขื ืืื ืืืืฃ ืืจืืืงืื ืืืชื ืืชืฉืืงืช ืืชืืจื ืืืืจืื.
ืืื ืืืฉื ืฉืืดื ืื ืืืชื ืชืง ืืชืขื ืืื ืขืืืดื ืืืขื ื: ืืื ืื ื ืืื ืืืฆืืืืช ืฉืื, ืืื ืื ืฉืื ื ืืงืืื ืืฆืืืช ืื ืืื ืฉืืืื ืื ืฉืืจ ืืขืืืดื, ืืืื ื ืืืื ืืืืชืจ ืขื ืชืขื ืืืืช ืขืืืดื, ืืืื ืื ืืช ืืืฉืชืืงืงืืช ืืจืืื ืืืช. ืืขืืช ืืืื, ืืืื ืฉืืื ืชืืื ืืืฉืชืืงืงืืช ืืื ืืื ืฉืืืฃ – ืื ืืจืื ืืืื ืืขืืื ืืืขืื, ืื ืืจืื ืืืืื ืืืืจืืช ืืืื. ืืจืื ืื ืืจืฆืื – ืืฉืืืคื ืืืืฉืชืืงืงืืช.
ืืืช ืื ืืืื ืื ืืื ืืขืฆืื, ืืืขืืงืจ ืขืดื ืชืืจื ืืืืกืจ, ืืืืจืื ืืชืืื ื ืืช ืืืืืืจ ืืงืจืื ืฉืืืืื ืืืืกื ืืืืื ืฉืืงืืดื ืืขื ืืง ืื ื ืืื ืืืืื ืืขืืื ืขืืืืช ืืฉื, ืฉืขื ืืื ืื ื ืืืืื ืืืื ื ืฆื, ืืฉืืจ ืขื ืืื ื ืขืืืดื ืืื ืืื ืืืืื. ืืืกืืขืชื ืืฉืืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ืฉืื ืืงืื ืืฉืชืืงืงืืช ืืจืฆืื. ืืขืืดื ืฉืืจืืื ืขืฆืื ืืืชืจืืง ืืืฉืชืืงืงืืช ืืขืืืณืณื ืืืชืืื ืืื, ืื ืืืื ืฉืื ืืืื ืืืืขื ืืืฉ.
(ืฉืืขืชื ืกืืคืืจ ืืชืืืื ืืชืืง ืืืฉืืื, ืฉืืื ืฉื ืชืืื ืืฆื ืืืืื ืจืื ืืืื ืคืื ืฉืืืื ืืฆืืง”ื ืืืื ืืืงืืจืืื, ืืคืขื ืืฉืืืื ืขื ืืืืื ืืฆืืง”ื, ืฉื ืืืจืดื ืืฆืืง”ื ืืช ืืื ืขื ืืชืืคื ืืืืจ ืื: ืดืฆืจืื ืืืืืช ืื ืชืฉืขืื ืืื ืืงืื ืืช ืืืขืืด (ืืืืืื). ืืืื ืืฉืืชื ืืขืฆืื: ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืื ืืฉืจ ืื ืืืื ืืื ืชืืจื ืขื ืืขื ืืืื ืืืืืื, ืืืื ืื ืืขื ืืฉืืื ืืชืืจื (ืฉืืจื ืืดื ืืืืืช ืืืขื ืืืื ืืืืืช ืืดื ืืืืงืื ืืชืืจื), ืืืืดื ืืื ืืขืืจ ืฉืืช ืืืขื ืืื ืืฃ ืคืขื ืื ืืจืืืฉ ืขื ืฉืืืืข ืืืื ืชืฉืขืื, ืจืง ืืืืจ ืฉืืจืืื ืขืฆืื ืืืืืข ืืืจืื ืฉืืื ืื ืืืจ ืฉืื ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืืขืืืดื, ืืืื ืคืฉืื ืฉื ื ืืืืก ืื ืืขืืืดื, ืื ืืื ืืืขื ืืืืืชื.
ืืื ืืืจืื ืืืขืื ืืืฉืืชื ื, ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืงื ืืช ืืืืืืข ืืื ืขืดื ืืชืืจื ืืืืืกืจ, ืืืืจืดื ืืืืช ืืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืื ืืชืืจื ืืื ืืืืกืจ, ืืื ืืื ืืื ืชืืืื ืืืืืง ืฉื ืืืฉืืื ืจืื ืืจืืื ืืฆืืง”ื ืืืืจ).
ืืืฉืืืืื ืืงืื ืืช ืืืขื ืืืืขืื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืืืชืืง ืืืืชืจ, ืืื ืจืืืคืื ืืืจ ืืขืจืืืืช ืฉื ืืชืืจื, ืืื ืฉืืดืืืจ ืืืืืืด ืืืชื ืืคืจืณ ืื ืชืืื ืืืดื: ืดืืืื ืืื ืืืืขืื ืื ื ืืื ืืช ืขืจืืืืช ืืืชืืงืืช ืืชืืจื ืืื ืืชืืืืื ืืืฉืชืืขืื ืืืจืืืด ืขืืดื. ืืื ืจืง ืดืืืื ืืื ืืืืขืืืด, ืืื ืื ืดื ืื ืจืืฆืื ืืืขืช, ืืฉืื ืฉื ืืชื ืื ืืืืฃ ืื ืฉืืื ืืืจืฉ ืืืื ืืฃ ืคืขื ืื ืืืขื ืืช ืืืขื ืืืขืจืืืืช ืฉืืชืืจื.
ืืื ืืชืืืืช, ืืจืืืฉ ืืช ืจืื ืืืื ืืขืืื ืืืขืื. ืืื ืืื ืืฉืชืืงืง ืืืืืื ืืขืื ืืื ืชืืื ืขืืื ืืืขืื, ืขืดื ืฉืืื ืืฉืชืืงืง ืืืืืฃ ืขืื ืืฃ ืืืจื, ืขืื ืืฆืื ืืขืื ืืืกืจ, ืืื ืืื ืืจืืื ืืช ืขืฆืื ืขืดื ืฉืืืื ืืืกืจ ืืืืื ืืืจืืช ืืณ. ืืืื ืืื ืืงืื ืืช ืืืขื ืื ืฆืื ืืืืจื ืืืกืืืช ืืฉืจืื ืืคืดื ืดืืืชืขื ื ืขื ื’, ืืืืื ืืช ืืืื ืฉืืื ืชืืด.
ืืงืืดื ืืขืืืจ ืฉืชืืื ืกืืขืชื ืืฉืืื, ืฉื ืืืง ืืชืืจื ืืืืฆืืืช ืื ืจืืืฃ ืืืจืืื, ืืืฉืดื ืืชืืืืื (ื ื,ื) ืดืื ืืื ืืืกื ืืจืืคืื ืืด, ืืื ื ืืื ืืืืื ืื ืฆืืืื ืืืืืชืืื ืืงืืืืื ืืขื ืืืขืืืื ืขืืืืื.
โซโชParshaโฌโฌ โซโชPreview
Elefant, Harav Hagaon Yosef Shlita
Moshe Rabbeinuโs Anavah
Parshas Behaaloscha
Harav Hagaon Yosef Elefant shlita
At the end of this weekโs parshah, the Torah relates that Aharon and Miriam spoke about Moshe Rabbeinu, and adds that Moshe was exceedingly humble: ืึฐืึธืึดืืฉื ืึนืฉึถืื ืขึธื ึธื ืึฐืึนื. This is actually the only place in the Torah where Mosheโs anavah is mentioned; itโs really the only time the Torah describes Mosheโs middos at all.
The Maharal, as well as Rav Chaim Volozhiner at the beginning of Ruach Chaim on Avos, observe that Moshe Rabbeinuโs anavah was the reason that he was chosen to be the one to receive the Torah.
Rav Chaim Volozhiner explains that the amount a receptacle can contain is a function of the thickness of its walls. The thicker the walls are, the less space there is for something to be poured in. The thinner the walls are, the more space there is to hold something.
Moshe Rabbeinuโs โcontainerโ had almost no walls. He had practically no โself,โ so he was the greatest mekabel. Rav Chaim Volozhiner writes that if someone today would possess the anavah of Moshe Rabbeinu, he would be zocheh to be mekabel the Torah. The Maharal writes in countless places that Moshe Rabbeinuโs anavah, and his hisbatlus to Hakadosh Baruch Hu, made him zocheh to receive the Torah. Yet the Torah doesnโt not inform us of Mosheโs anavah in the context of his ascending Har Sinai and bringing down the Torah. Instead, it chose to describe his anavah here, in the context of Miriamโs so-called lashon hara. Why?
The Rambam (end of Hilchos Tumas Tzaraโas) addresses this difficulty. He explains that when the Torah warns us to avoid speaking lashon hara, exhorting us to remember what happened to Miriam โ ืึธืืึนืจ ืึตืช ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืขึธืฉืึธื ืโ ืึฑืึนืงึถืืึธ ืึฐืึดืจึฐืึธื โ it is drawing a kal vachomer from this incident to other instances of people speaking lashon hara. He lists five mitigating factors of Miriamโs lashon hara: She was Mosheโs older sister; she brought him up; she risked her life to save him from the water; she did not intend to disparage him, but merely erred in comparing him to other neviโim; and he was not even bothered by what she said, as the Torah attests here that he was exceedingly humble. Nevertheless, she was punished, which is a warning to people who speak real lashon hara.
The Rambam is teaching that the reason the Torah highlights Mosheโs anavah in this context is to emphasize that he was not makpid about what was said about him. Similarly, Rashi here comments that anav means savlan.
What was Moshe sovel? He was sovel that someone didnโt hold of him, so to speak. That someone insulted him.
This parallel between anavah and the ability to be sovel โ to tolerate insults โ is reflected in the Gemaraโs description of Hillel as well. The Gemara states (Shabbos 30b): ืืขืืื ืืื ืืื ืขื ืืืชื ืืืื ืืื ืืื ืงืคืื ืืฉืืื โ a person should always be an anav like Hillel and not a kapdan like Shammai. Kapdanus is contrasted here with anavah. Furthermore, the Gemara teaches elsewhere (Eruvin 13b) that the reason the halachah follows the view of Beis Hillel is that they were aluvin, which Rashi translates as savlanim; they were prepared to absorb insults.
From the Rambam, Rashi, and the Gemara, then, we see that anavah gives a person the ability to absorb insults. Hillelโs anavah made him a savlan, and Moshe Rabbeinuโs anavah made him a savlan.
The fact that Moshe Rabbeinuโs anavah enabled him to be mekabel the Torah, the Torah left to Rav Chaim Volozhiner and the Maharal to teach us, later in history. But the fact that Moshe Rabbeinuโs anavah caused him not to be a kapdan was critical for the Torah itself to stress. And thatโs why, in the middle of the story, the Torah emphasizes that Moshe Rabbeinu was an anav.
How Anavah Forestalls Hakpadah
We are still left to wonder, however, why anavah causes savlanus and lack of kapdanus.
Miriam made a mistake in comparing Moshe to other neviโim. Essentially, her words reflected a lack of appreciation for who Moshe Rabbeinu was.
Miriam certainly respected Moshe; she was his older sister, after all, and she knew who he was, but she didnโt hold him in high enough esteem. So why wasnโt Moshe Rabbeinu insulted? Because he didnโt hold of himself. Thatโs a function of anavah.
The basis of anavah is not bein adam lachaveiro. The Gemara says, in Sotah, that Hakadosh Baruch Hu says about a baal gaavah that He and that person cannot live in the same world. Why? Because gaavah, as Rav Wolbe explains, is a denial of the personโs being a created entity.
A person who recognizes and lives with the awareness that he was created understands that everything he has is all from Hakadosh Baruch Hu; nothing is his own. He didnโt bring himself into the world, and he didnโt give himself his talents. Rather, he is simply a vessel for Hakadosh Baruch Huโs blessing, and he does his best to use those Divine gifts the right way.
Now, Moshe Rabbeinu knew who he was and what abilities he possessed. That drove him to fulfill his responsibilities and become the Moshe Rabbeinu that he was. His anavah, then, was the recognition that everything he had was from Hakadosh Baruch Hu, and he didnโt own his maalos. And because he didnโt hold of himself, he wasnโt insulted when someone else didnโt hold of him, either. Thatโs why he wasnโt a kapdan.
The whole world is full of kapdanus. Some people go as far as to say, โIโm makpid in this world and the next. Iโm not mochel.โ I can understand that a person would be makpid in this world, but does he really believe that in the next world anyone is going to be interested in the reason he was makpid, or the narishkeit he was makpid about?
Hakpadah comes from a person feeling a lack of respect. Anavah means that a person doesnโt hold of himself and therefore doesnโt feel disrespected. Not because heโs a nebach; not because he thinks, โWho am I, anyway?โ Anavah means recognizing that everything you have is from the Eibeshter. So thereโs no reason to be insulted if someone doesnโt hold of you, because you donโt hold of yourself either. You donโt own what you have, so whether the other person recognizes what you have or not doesnโt make the slightest difference to you, because itโs not yours anyway.
The opposite is true for gaavah, the source of all bad middos.
Last weekโs parshah, Nasso, discussed the concept of the nazir. The Gemara relates (Nedarim 9b) that Shimon HaTzaddik never ate from an asham nezirus, because he didnโt believe that the nezirim were purely motivated โ except the korban of a nazir from the south. He had been shepherding his fatherโs sheep when he noticed his reflection in the well where the herd was drinking, and his yetzer hara surged against him and started trying to tempt him toward taavah.
โRasha!โ he told the yetzer hara. ืืื ืืชื ืืชืืื ืืขืืื ืฉืืื ื ืฉืื โ why are you being a baal gaavah in a world thatโs not yours? In other words, he was telling himself, โWhy do have taavos? Youโre a baalabos on the world? You brought yourself into the world? You were given the world โ you donโt own it!โ
All taavos and bad middos result from a person feeling a sense of ownership, which leads him to think that he can do whatever he wants, take whatever he wants, and get insulted whenever he wants. In contrast, when a person is an anav, like Moshe Rabbeinu, he is not makpid, because he doesnโt hold of himself.
Gut Shabbos.