BamidbarBe'halos'cha

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•

Maran Hamashgiach Hagaon Harav Yeruchem Levovitz, ztโ€l

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”’ ื™ื—ื ื• ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”’ ื™ืกืขื• (ื˜,ื™ื—)
ื‘ืกืคืจื™ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื’,ื”): ืื—ืจื™ ื”’ ืชืœื›ื•- ื–ื” ื”ืขื ืŸ, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื” ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช. ืขื™”ืฉ.

ืžืงืฉื” ืžืจืŸ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืจื•ื—ื ืœื™ื•ื•ืื•ื™ืฅ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื”: ื”ืจื™ ื‘ื ”ื™ ื”ืœื›ื• ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืขื ืŸ, ื•ืžื” ืฉื™ื™ืš ื‘ื–ื” ืžืฆื•ื” ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืขื ืŸ?

ื•ืชื™ืจืฅ: ื˜ืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื”ืขื ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื—ื” ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื” ืจืง ืœื“ื•ืจ ื”ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื”. ืืœื ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ื ”ื™ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ืฉืœ “ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”’ ืชืœื›ื•”, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื ื”ื’ืชื, ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื•ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ืช, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืจืง ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”, “ืื—ืจื™ ื”’ ืืœื•ืงื™ื›ื ืชืœื›ื•” ืœืœื ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืช ื›ืœืœ. ื‘ื“ืจื’ืช ืืžื•ื ื” ื–ื• ื™ืจื“ื• ืœื™ื, ื•ืข”ื– ื ืืžืจ “ืœื›ืชืš ืื—ืจื™ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ ืœื ื–ืจื•ืขื””.

ืžืชื•ืš ื“ืจื’ืช ืืžื•ื ื” ื–ื• ื–ื›ื• ืœืขื ืŸ. ืื ื• ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ื›ืœืœ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืข”ืค ื”ืขื ืŸ. ืจืง ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ื›ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื›ืš.

ื–ื• ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ืื ื• ืžืฆื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื“ืจื’ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืืžื•ื ื”, ื›ืฉื ืฉืื ื• ืžืฆื•ื•ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืจืื” ื•ืื”ื‘ืช ื”’.

ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืขืœืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื,ย  ืืข”ืค ืฉืœื ื–ื›ื• ืœืขื ืŸ, ืืš ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ืข”ืค ื”’. ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘”ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื•ืกืฃ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื‘,ื“): ื›ื™ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืจืง ืžื”ืœืš ื–ืžืŸ ืžื•ืขื˜ ื•ืื™ืš ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™? ืฉื”ื™ื” ืชื•ืขื” ืขื“ ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืจืื” ืขื ืŸ ืงืฉื•ืจ”, ืขื™”ืฉ. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœืขื ืŸ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื–ื›ื• ืจืง ื”ื›ืœืœ, ืืš ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื“ืจื’ืช “ื”ืขื ืŸ” โ€“ ืฉื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ืจืง ืข”ืค ื”’.

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื

Maran Hamashgiach Hagaon Harav Yeruchem Levovitz, ztโ€l

ืžืจืŸ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืจื•ื—ื ืœื™ื•ื•ืื•ื™ืฅ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื”
ื™”ื— ื‘ืกื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืชืจืฆ”ื•
ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืชืจืฆ”ื• ืจื™ื—ืคื” ืขืœ ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืœืืกื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช. ื”ืžืื‘ืง ืขืœ ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื–ื• ื‘”ืกื™ื™ื” (ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ื) ื”ืคื•ืœื ื™ ื ืžืฉืš ื›ืžื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช. ืื™ืŸ ืœืชืืจ ืืช ืฆืขืจ ืื“ืžื•”ืจ ืขืœ ืžื—ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื•ื ืื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื–ื•, ืฉืจืื” ื‘ื” ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืœืขืจื˜ืœ ืืช ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”.

ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉื”ืžืื‘ืง ื ืžืฉืš, ืœื ื”ืกื™ื— ื“ืขืชื• ืžืžื ื•, ืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื• ืžืžืฉ ืžืฉืขื” ืœืฉืขื”, ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืืžื™ืจืช ืชื”ืœื™ื ื•ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืžืœื›ื ื• ื‘ืืžืจื• ื›ื™ ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื›ื–ืืช ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื•ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืื™ื ื• ื ื•ืคืœ ืžืขืฉื™ืดืช. ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื’ื™ืœื” ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื ื•ืจืื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ืœื•ืช, ื“ืจื›ื™ ื–ื›ื™ื™ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื ื˜ื™ืœืชื” ื•ืขื•ื“.ืื“ืžื•”ืจ ืžืžืฉ “ื”ื—ืœื” ืขืฆืžื•” ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืฆืจืชื• ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื•ืจืื• ื›ื•ืœื ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืง ืœื‘ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืดืช ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืžืกื™”ื .

ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืื– ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื›ื•ืœื ื›ื™ ืžื” ืฉืœืงื— ืืช ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืืœ ืœื‘ื• ื”ื—ืœื” ืื•ืชื• ืžืžืฉ. ื‘ืจื, ืžืฆื‘ื• ื”ื•ื—ืžืจ ื•ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื ืœืื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื˜ื™ื‘ ืžื—ืœืชื•. ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืกืคื™ืจื” ืืžืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื ืคืœื ืดื•ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื•ื—ืง” ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื™ื” ืกื™ื•ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•.

ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘”ืง ื‘ื—ืงื•ืชื™ ื™ื–ื“ืขื–ืข ื‘ืจืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ ื–ืืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืดื”ื–ืจื™ืขื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”” ืฉืœื•. ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื—ื™ืคื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืžื”ืจืช ื•ืื™ื ื” ืžืžืชื™ื ื”, ื•ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื “ืœืจื•ืฅ” ืขืžื” ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ืฉื™ื”ื•ื™ ื–ืžืŸ …

ืชืงืฆืจ ื”ื™ืจื™ืขื” ืžื”ื›ื™ืœ ื›ืœ ืคืจืฉืช ืžื—ืœืชื• ืžืื– ื ืคืœ ืœืžืฉื›ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื’ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฆืœืฆืœืช ื‘ืื–ื ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืงืจื™ืืชื• ืคืขื ืื—ืจ ืคืขื ืžืชื•ืš ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื• “ืื“ืื ืง ื“ื™ืจ, ื˜ืื˜ื™ื ืงืข, ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ” [-ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš, ืื‘ืืœ’ื”, ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื!].

ื‘ื™ื•ืžื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืขืœื™ ืื“ืžื•ืช, ื‘’ ืฉืœื— ื™”ื— ืกื™ื•ื•ืŸ, ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ื›ื™ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ืœืงื— ืžืืชื ื•. ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืจื‘ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื•ื ืคืจื“ ืžื”ืจื•ืคื ื”ื—ืจื“ื™, ื“”ืจ ืื“ืœืจ, ืฉื˜ื™ืคืœ ื‘ื•.

ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืฉืžืขื• ืžืคื™ื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืกืžื•ืš ืœื”ืกืชืœืงื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื• “ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื•”.ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืงื•ืกื•ื‘ืจ ื–ืœื””ื”, ืžื•ื•ืชื™ืงื™ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื•, ื ื–ื›ืจื›ื™ ื‘ื–ืžื ื• ื”ืืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืืจ ื‘ืจื›ืช “ืฉื”ื›ืœ” ืข”ืค ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ืžื”ื’ืจ”ื ืขืœ ื‘ืจื›ืช “ื•ื‘ื•ืจื ืืช ื”ื›ืœ”, ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื ืืžืจ “ื•ื‘ื•ืจื ืจืข”, ืืœื ื“ืœื™ืฉื ื ืžืขืœื™ื ื ืงื˜, ืื‘ืœ ืž”ืž ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื—ืช ืœื”ื, ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžื™ืŸ ืงืœืœื” ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื ื”ื™ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืจืข ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ืฉื•ืžืจ ืœืคืจื™ ื•ื”ื•ื ืขืฆื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื””.

ื•ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ื ืจืื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื‘ืจื›ืชื• ืœื‘ื•ืจืื• ื‘ืขืช ืขืœื™ื™ืชื• ืœืžืจื•ื.”

ืžืชื•ืš ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื™ืงืจ

ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืœื›ื”

Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shpitzer Shlita

ื‘ื”ืขืœืชืš

ืื•ื ืก ื‘ืžืฆื•ื” ื•ื’ื ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืื•ื ืก ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืฉื”

ื‘ืจืฉ”ื™ ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืฉืœื ืขืฉื• ืืœื ืคืกื— ื–ื” ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ื˜ืขื ื›ื™ ืœื ืžืœื• ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ. ื•ืข’ ื‘ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ืข”ื‘ ืข”ื ืฉืœื ืžืœื• ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืžืชืจื™ ื˜ืขืžื™ ื—ื“ื ืžืฉื•ื ื—ื•ืœืฉื ื“ืื•ืจื—ื ื•ืื™ ื‘ืขื™ืช ืื™ืžื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืœื ื ืฉื‘ื” ืœื”ื• ืจื•ื— ืฆืคื•ื ื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœืคื–ืจ ื”ืขื ืŸ. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื•ื™ ื“ืฉื ื™ ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืืœื• ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ืย  ื›ื™ ืœืืœื• ืฉื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ืœืฉื ื“ืื•ืจื—ื, ืืš ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืœื ื ืฉื‘ื” ืœื”ื• ืจื•ื— ืฆืคื•ื ื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœืคื–ืจ ื”ืขื ืŸ. ืื‘ืœ ืœืืœื• ืฉืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขื ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื˜ืขื ื–ื” ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืœื ื ืฉื‘ื” ืœื”ื• ืจื•ื— ืฆืคื•ื ื™ืช ื“ื”ืจื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ื”ืขื ืŸ ื•ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขื ืŸ ื”ื˜ืขื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœืคื–ืจ ื”ืขื ืŸ ื•ืข”ื› ื”ื ื“ืœื ืžืœื• ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขื ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืฉื•ื ื—ื•ืœืฉื ื“ืื•ืจื—ื. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื ื“ื”ื ื“ืœื ื ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจืง ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื•ื–ื”ื• ื“ืืžืจื• ื“ืœื ื ืฉื‘ื” ืœื”ื• ืจื•ื— ืฆืคื•ื ื™ืช.

ื•ื‘ื™ืืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื•ื™ ื“ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืœื• ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื ืŸ ื•ืืœื• ืฉื”ื™ื• ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื”ืขื ืŸ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืœื• ืฉื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื ืŸ ื”ืจื™ ืœื ืžืœื• ืžืฉื•ื ืื•ื ืก ื“ืœื ื ืฉื‘ื” ืœื”ื• ืจื•ื— ืฆืคื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืžื””ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืขื•ื ืฉ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืœื ืžืœื• ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืื ื•ืกื™ื. ืืš ืืœื• ืฉืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขื ืŸ ื”ืจื™ ื”ื ื“ืœื ืžืœื• ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืฉื•ื ื—ื•ืœืฉื ื“ืื•ืจื—ื ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืืœื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื™ืฆืื• ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขื ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื”ื ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื—ื˜ืื• ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื•ื’ืจืžื• ืœื”ื ื”ืื•ื ืก ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ื“ื™ืŸ ืื•ื ืก ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืื•ื ืก ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืขื•ื ืฉ ืžื“ื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ืžื“ื” ืฉื—ืชื›ื• ืขืžืœืง ืืช ืขืจืœื•ืชื™ื”ื. ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื“ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืขืฆืžื• ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืื•ื ืก ืื™ืŸ ืœื–ื” ื“ื™ืŸ ืื•ื ืก ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืืจื ื•.

ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื•ื™ ื“ืœื›ื’ ืงืฉื” ื“ืืข”ื’ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื“ื™ืŸ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื• ื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืขืฆืžื• ืœืื•ื ืก ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืฉืžื‘ื˜ืœ ืžืฆื•ืช ืžื™ืœื” ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ืจื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ื™ื• ื ืฉืืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื ืŸ ืž”ืž ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืœื ื ืฉื‘ื” ืœื”ื• ืจื•ื— ืฆืคื•ื ื™ืช ื•ื”ื› ืืžืื™ ื”ื•ื™ ื‘ื–ื” ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ืžืฆื•ืช ืžื™ืœื”. ื•ืชื™’ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžืžื™ืœื” ืืœื ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืžืฉื•ื ืื•ื ืก ืœื›ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืฉืžื‘ื˜ืœ ืžืฆื•ืช ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœื™ื•. ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื“ืžื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืžืฉื•ื ืื•ื ืก ื•ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื—ืจ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืฉืžื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื”ืžืฆื•ื”.

ืกื•ื“ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”

Moreinu Hagaon Harav Nachman Levovitz Shlita

ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื”ื™ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ืงื“’ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืœืžืจืŸ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ โ€“ ื™”ื— ื‘ืกื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืข”ื—

ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ืืจืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืœืืื–ืžื•”ืจ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ. ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื•ืœื–ื›ื•ืชื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ืžืฉื ืชื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื–ื” ื”ืฉื ื•ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”.

ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘”ื (ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื ืฉื™ืืช ื›ืคื™ื ืค”ื ื-ื’) ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ืขื‘ื“ืชื ืืช ื”’ ืืœื”ื™ื›ื. ืžืคื™ ื”ืฉืžื•ืขื” ืœืžื“ื•, ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ื•, ื”ื™ื ืชืคืœื”. ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ืœืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื‘ื›ื. ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืื™ ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื‘ืœื‘, ื–ื• ืชืคืœื”.

ื”ืจื™ ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ‘ื•ืœืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื‘ื›ื’- ืชืคื™ืœื” . ืื›ืŸ ืœื ื”ื•ื–ื›ืจ ืื™ื–ื” ืชืคื™ืœื”. ืจืง, ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื•, ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื‘ืœื‘’.

ืขื•ื“ ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘”ื ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืขื ื™ื•ืช (ืค”ื ื-ื’) ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื–ืขื•ืง ื•ืœื”ืจื™ืข ื‘ื—ืฆื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฆืจื” ืฉืชื‘ื ืขืœ ื”ืฆื‘ื•ืจ, ื•ื›ื•’ ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืžื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื, ืฉื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืชื‘ื•ื ืฆืจื” ื•ื™ื–ืขืงื• ืขืœื™ื” ื•ื™ืจื™ืขื• ื™ื“ืขื• ื”ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ื”ืจืขื™ื ื”ื•ืจืข ืœื”ืŸ, ื•ื›ื•’ ื•ื‘ื””ื’ ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืื‘ืœ ืื ืœื ื™ื–ืขืงื• ื•ืœื ื™ืจื™ืขื•, ืืœื ื™ืืžืจื•, ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืžืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืื™ืจืข ืœื ื•, ื•ืฆืจื” ื–ื• ื ืงืจื” ื ืงืจื™ืช, ื”ืจื™ ื–ื• ื“ืจืš ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช, ื•ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื”ื ืœื”ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ื”ืจืขื™ื, ื•ืชื•ืกื™ืฃ ื”ืฆืจื” ืฆืจื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.

ื”ื ื” ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื ื• ื”ืจืžื‘”ื, ืฉืื™ืœื•ืœื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืขืช ืฆืจื”, ‘ื”ืจื™ ื–ื• ื“ืจืš ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช’. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื‘ื–ื” ืฉืงื•ื‘ืข ืœืขืฆืžื• ืฉื”ืฆืจื” ื”ื™ื ืžืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจื™”ื– ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช. ื–ื”ื• ื”ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื ืืžืจื• ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”.

ื•ืืžืจื• ื–”ืœ (ืฉืžื•”ืจ ืค’ ื‘ืฉืœื— ื›ื,ื•’) ืขื””ืค ‘ื•ืคืจืขื” ื”ืงืจื™ื‘’ ื•ืžื”ื• ื•ืคืจืขื” ื”ืงืจื™ื‘, ืฉื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื”. ื”ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื™ื”, ื™ืคื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืงืจื‘ืช ืคืจืขื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืžืžืื” ืฆื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืชืคืœื•ืช. ืœืžื” ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืจื“ืคื• ืื—ืจื™ื”ื ื•ืจืื• ืื•ืชืŸ, ื ืชื™ื™ืจืื• ืžืื“, ื•ืชืœื• ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ืœืžืจื•ื, ื•ืขืฉื• ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื•ื”ืชืคืœืœื•. ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ื™ืฆืขืงื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืœ ื”’ ื•ื›ื•’. ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื, ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช. ื•ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืกื•ื’ืจ, ื•ื”ืฉื•ื ื ืจื•ื“ืฃ, ื•ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ. ืฉื ืืžืจ ืกื’ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื›ื•’. ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืจืื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืงืคื™ืŸ ืžื’’ ืจื•ื—ื•ืช, ื”ื™ื ืกื•ื’ืจ ื•ื”ืฉื•ื ื ืจื•ื“ืฃ ื•ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ืชืœื• ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ืœืื‘ื™ื”ื ืฉื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืฆืขืงื• ืœื”ืงื‘”ื”. ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ื™ืฆืขืงื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืœ ื”’. ื•ืœืžื” ืขืฉื” ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืœื”ื ื›ืš ืืœื, ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืžืชืื•ื•ื” ืœืชืคืœืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื. ืืžืจ ืจื™ื‘”ืœ, ืœืžื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื•ืžื”, ืœืžืœืš ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื ื‘ื“ืจืš, ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืช ืžืœื›ื™ื ืฆื•ืขืงืช ืœื• ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืžืžืš ื”ืฆื™ืœื ื™ ืžื™ื“ ื”ืœืกื˜ื™ื. ืฉืžืข ื”ืžืœืš, ื•ื”ืฆื™ืœื”. ืœืื—ืจ ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืœื™ืฉื ืื•ืชื” ืœืืฉื”, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžืชืื•ื•ื” ืฉืชื“ื‘ืจ ืขืžื•, ื•ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืจื•ืฆื”. ืžื” ืขืฉื” ื”ืžืœืš, ื’ื™ืจื” ื‘ื” ื”ืœืกื˜ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชืฆืขื•ืง ื•ื™ืฉืžืข ื”ืžืœืš, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืื• ืขืœื™ื” ื”ืœืกื˜ื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืฆื•ืขืงืช ืœืžืœืš. ืืžืจ ืœื” ื”ืžืœืš ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืชืื•ื•ื”, ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืงื•ืœืš. ย ื›ืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื• ืžืฉืขื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ื, ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืฆื•ืขืงื™ื ื•ืชื•ืœื™ืŸ ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ืœื”ืงื‘”ื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘) ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื”ื ื•ื’ื•’ ื•ื™ื–ืขืงื•. ืžื™ื“ ื•ื™ืจื ืืœื”ื™ื ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ย ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืžื•ืฆื™ืืŸ ืžืฉื ื‘ื™ื“ ื—ื–ืงื” ื•ื‘ื–ืจื•ืข ื ื˜ื•ื™ื”, ื•ื”ื™ื” ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ืงื•ืœื ืคืขื ืื—ืจืช, [ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืชย  ืœื”ืงื‘”ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ืขืœื” ื›ืžื• ื‘ืขืช ืฆืขืงืชื ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื”] ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ืŸ. ย ืžื” ืขืฉื”, ื’ื™ืจื” ืœืคืจืขื” ืœืจื“ื•ืฃ ืื—ืจื™ื”ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ืคืจืขื” ื”ืงืจื™ื‘. ืžื™ื“ ื•ื™ืฆืขืงื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืœ ื”’. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ืœืกื›ื ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื•ื ื•ืจืื”, ืจืง ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืฆืขืงื• ืœืขื–ืจืชื• ื•ืื›ืŸ ื™ื‘ื•ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืœื, ืฉื•ื‘. ื•ืื–, ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื ื”ื ืก ื”ืžื•ืคืœื ืฉืœ ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ.

ื•ืืžืจื• ืฉื ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ, ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘”ื”, ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืงื•ืœื›ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉื””ืฉ ื‘) ื™ื•ื ืชื™ ื‘ื—ื’ื•ื™ ื”ืกืœืข. ‘ื”ืฉืžื™ืขื ื™ ืงื•ืœ’ ืื™ื ื• ืื•ืžืจ, ืืœื, ‘ื”ืฉืžื™ืขื ื™ ืืช ืงื•ืœืš’, ืื•ืชื• ื”ืงื•ืœ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืฉืžืขืชื™ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื. ืœื›ืš ื›ืชื™ื‘ ‘ื”ืฉืžื™ืขื ื™ ืืช ืงื•ืœืš’. ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืชืคืœืœื•, ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืœืžืฉื” ืžื” ืืชื” ืขื•ืžื“ ื•ืžืชืคืœืœ, ื›ื‘ืจ ืงื“ืžื” ืชืคืœืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™, ืœืชืคืœืชืš. ืฉื ืืžืจ ืžื” ืชืฆืขืง ืืœื™.

ื•ืืžื ื, ื ืก ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื” ืžื”ืœืš ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ืฉื™”ืช ืฉื ืฉืืจ ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืกื™ื‘ืชื• ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื”, ืืœื ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืข”ื™ ืชืคื™ืœื”. ื•ื›ืœ ืกื™ื‘ืช ื”ืกื›ื ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื›ื“ื™ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ – ื”ืฉืžื™ืขื™ื ื™ ืืช ืงื•ืœืš. ืœืื•ืชื• ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉื”ืงื‘”ื” ืžืชืื•ื•ื” ืœืชืคื™ืœืชืŸ.

ื•ืข”ื– ื”ื“ืจืš ืืžืจื• ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ (ืฉื””ืจ ืจื‘ื” ืคืจืฉื” ื‘, ื‘) ืขื””ืค ื™ื•ื ืชื™ ื‘ื—ื’ื•ื™ ื”ืกืœืข, ืชื ื™ ื“ื‘ื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ, ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื™ืฆืื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืžืฆืจื™ื, ืœืžื” ื”ื™ื• ื“ื•ืžื™ืŸ. ืœื™ื•ื ื” ืฉื‘ืจื—ื” ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื ืฅ, ื•ื ื›ื ืกื” ืœื ืงื™ืง ื”ืกืœืข, ื•ืžืฆืื” ืฉื ื”ื ื—ืฉ ืžืงื ืŸ, ื•ื ื›ื ืกื” ืœืคื ื™ื ื•ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื›ื ืก, ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื—ืฉ ืžืงื ืŸ. ืชื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืื—ื•ืจื”, ืœื ืชื”ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื”, ืฉื”ื ืฅ ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ. ืžื” ืขืฉืชื” ื”ื™ื•ื ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืฆื•ื•ื—ืช ื•ืžื˜ืคื—ืช ื‘ืื’ืคื™ื” (ื‘ื›ื ืคื™ื”) ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืฉืžืข ืœื” ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ื‘ืš ื•ื™ื‘ื ื•ื™ืฆื™ืœื”. ื›ืš ื”ื™ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ื. ืœื™ืจื“ ืœื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ืŸ, ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื ืงืจืข ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื. ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืื—ื•ืจื™ื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ืŸ, ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืคืจืขื” ื”ืงืจื™ื‘. ืžื” ืขืฉื• ื•ื™ื™ืจืื• ืžืื“ ื•ื™ืฆืขืงื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืœ ื”’, ืžื™ื“ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื“) ื•ื™ื•ืฉืข ื”’ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื.

ืจ’ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืฉื ืจ’ ื—ืžื ื“ื›ืคืจ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ, ืžืฉืœ ืœืžืœืš ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืœื• ื‘ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžืชืื•ื•ื” ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืฉื™ื—ืชื”. ืžื” ืขืฉื” ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื›ืจื•ื– ื•ืืžืจ ื›ืœ ืขืžื ื™ืคืงื•ืŸ ืœืงืžืคื•ืŸ. ื›ืฉื™ืฆืื•, ืžื” ืขืฉื” ืจืžื– ืœืขื‘ื“ื™ื• ื•ื ืคืœื• ืœื” ืคืชืื•ื ื‘ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืŸ ืœืกื›ื ื”. ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืฆื•ื•ื—ืช ืื‘ื ืื‘ื ื”ืฆื™ืœื ื™. ืืžืจ ืœื” ืื™ืœื• ืœื ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืœืš ื›ืš, ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืช ืฆื•ื•ื—ืช ื•ืื•ืžืจืช ืื‘ื ื”ืฆื™ืœื ื™. ืื™ืœื•ืœื™ ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื”, ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืช ืคื•ื ื” ืืœื™. ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ื™ืช ืคื•ื ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ‘ืขื“ ื›ืœื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ’. ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืขื–ืจื” ืื—ืจืช, ื–ื•ืœืชื™, ืื ื™, ื”ืงื‘”ื”, ื‘ื–ืขืงืš ืืœื™ ‘ืื‘ื ืื‘ื ื”ืฆื™ืœื ื™’.

ื ืžืฆื ืœื ื• ื‘ืžื”ื•ืชื” ื•ืชื›ืœื™ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”. ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื—ืžืช ืฉื”ืื“ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืกื›ื ื”, ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืชืคืœืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื ืฆืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืกื›ื ื”. ืืœื ืื“ืจื‘ื ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืกื™ื‘ื”, ื–ื”ื• ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”. ื•ื”ืžืกื•ื‘ื‘, ื–ื”ื• ื”ืฆืจื”. ื”ืฆืจื” ื ื™ืชื ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชืขื•ืจืจ ื”ืื“ื, ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ. ื•ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื”ืงื‘”ื”, ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืจื”, ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ืจื” ื–ื•. ื•ื–ื”ื• ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืื“ื ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ืœ ื•ืœื™ื“ืข ื‘ืขืช ืฆืจื”, ืฉื›ืœ ืžืฆื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชืงืจื‘ ืœื”ืฉื™”ืช ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืœื‘ื“ ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื‘ื” ื’ืžื•ืจื” ืœื™ื ืฆืœ ืžื”ืฆืจื”.

ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ื’ืž’ (ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ืกื“ ืข”ื) ื”ืจ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืžืคื ื™ ืžื” ื”ื™ื• ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืขืงื•ืจื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืงื‘”ื” ืžืชืื•ื•ื” ืœืชืคืœืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื. ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ื‘ื’ืž’ (ืข”ื‘) ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ื ื—ืžืŸ ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืจ ืื‘ื•ื” ืฉืจื” ืืžื ื• ืื™ืœื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ืชื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ืชื”ื™ ืฉืจื™ ืขืงืจื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื” ื•ืœื“, ืืคื™’ ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืœื“ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”, ืข”ื›. ื”ืจื™ ื“ืžืฆื“ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื™ื• ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ‘ืขืงื•ืจื™ื’, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœื”ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช ื–ืจืขื. ื•ื›”ื– ืจืง ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ืžืฆื‘ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ืœื”ืฉื™”ืช โ€“ ืื‘ื™ ืื‘ื™ ื”ืฆื™ืœื ื™, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืœื”ืฉื™”ืช.

ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื ื• ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ื–ื•ืจืข ืฆื“ืงื•ืช ืžืฆืžื™ื— ื™ืฉื•ืขื•ืช. ืžื” ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ‘ื–ืจื™ืขื”’ ื•’ืžืฆืžื™ื—’ ื•ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื•ืช ืฆื•ืžื—ื•ืช. ืืœื ื”ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื, ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื”ืฆืจื” ืชื›ืœื™ืชื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืชื”ื ื–ืจื™ืขื”, ื”ืื“ื ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ื–ืจื™ืขื” ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉื ื”’, ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชืฆื ืžื–ื” ื”ืชื•ืœื“ื”. ื•ื”ื› ื–ื”ื• ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืงื‘”ื” ืžืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื•, ืฉื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืฆื‘ ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื ื• ืžื•ื›ืจื— ืœื”ื–ืจื™ืข ืืช ืฆื“ืงืชื•, ืชืคื™ืœืชื•, ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชืฆื ืžื–ื” ืชื•ืœื“ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฉื•ืขื•ืช.

ื•ืข”ื– ื”ื“ืจืš ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ืžืžื›ื” ืขืฆืžื” ืžืชืงืŸ ืจื˜ื™ื”. ื”ืจื™ ืฉื–ื”ื• ืžื”ืœืš ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืžืชื•ืš ืžื›ื”, ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ืžื›ื”, ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื•ื ื— ื”ื–ืจืขื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื˜ื™ื” ืœืื•ืชื” ืžื›ื”. ื›ื™ ื–ื”ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœื” ืžื‘ื™ื ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืืช ื”ืžื›ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืงืŸ ืžืžื ื” ืขืฆืžื” ืืช ื”ืจื˜ื™ื”.

ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ย ‘ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืžื” ื”ืจืขื•ืชื ืœื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœืื™ืฉ ื”ืขื•ื“ ืœื›ื ืื—’ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืž”ื’, ื•’) ื•ืืžืจื• ื–”ืœ (ื‘ืจ”ืจ ืค’ ืžืงืฅ ืฆื, ื™) ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืืžืจ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜ืœื”, ืืœื ื›ืš ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืื ื™ ืขื•ืกืง ืœื”ืžืœื™ืš ืืช ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืœืžื” ื”ืจืขื•ืชื ืœื™, ื”ื“ื ื“ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืž) ื ืกืชืจื” ื“ืจื›ื™ ืžื”’ ื•ืžืืœื”ื™ ื•ื’ื•’. ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื•ื”ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ืฉืื™ืจืขื• ืขื ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ืื—ื™ื•, ื”ื›ืœ ื ื•ืขื“ื• ‘ืœื”ืžืœื™ืš’ ืื•ืชื•, ื•ื›ื™ ืฉื™ื™ืš ืขืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื—ืœืงื™ ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืžื” ื”ืจืขื•ืชื ืœื™. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืš ื”ื™ืชื” ‘ื˜ืขื ื”’ ืฉืœ ื”’ ืขืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื•.

ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืข”ื” ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชืขื ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืืžืจ ืœื”ืงื‘”ื” ‘ื•ืžืื– ย ื‘ืืชื™ ืืœ ืคืจืขื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืžืš ื”ืจืข ืœืขื ื”ื–ื”’ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื•’,ื’). ื•ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ (ืฉืžื•”ืจ ืค’ ื‘ืฉืœื— ื›ื’, ื’) ื’ ื“”ื, ืื– ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืžืฉื” ื”ื””ื“ (ืฉื””ืจ ื“) ื ื•ืคืช ืชื˜ื•ืคื ื” ืฉืคืชื•ืชื™ืš. ืืžืจ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื, ื‘ืžื” ืฉื—ื˜ืืชื™ ืœืคื ื™ืš, ื‘ื• ืื ื™ ืžืงืœืกืš.

ื”ืจ ืœื•ื™ ื‘ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื, ืžืฉืœ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืžืจื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืœืš, ื•ืืžืจ ื”ืžืœืš ืœื“ื•ื›ื•ืก ืฉืœื• ื ืœืš ื•ื ืœื—ื ื‘ื”. ืืžืจ ืœื• ื“ื•ื›ื•ืก ืื™ืŸ ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ. ื”ื—ืจื™ืฉ ื”ืžืœืš ื•ื”ืœืš ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื•, ื•ื›ื‘ืฉื”. ื™ื“ืข ื“ื•ื›ื•ืก, ืขืฉื” ืขื˜ืจื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืžืœืš. ืืžืจ ืœื•ย  ื”ืขื˜ืจื” ื”ื–ื• ืœืžื”, ืืžืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืฉื—ื˜ืืชื™ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืืžืจืชื™ ืœืš ืื™ืŸ ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ื›ืš ืืžืจ ืžืฉื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ื™ ืฉื—ื˜ืืชื™ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื‘-ืื–. ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื”) ื•ืžืื– ื‘ืืชื™ ืืœ ืคืจืขื”, ื•ื”ืจื™ ื˜ื‘ืขืช ืื•ืชื• ืœื™ื, ืœื›ืš ืื ื™ ืžืฉื‘ื—ืš ื‘-ืื–, ื”ื””ื“ ืื– ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืžืฉื” … ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืฉืื•ืชื” ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืฉืืžืจ ‘ื•ืžืื–’ ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื ื›ื•ื ื”, ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื—ืœืง ืžืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ืขืฆืžื” ! ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืชื™ืงืŸ ื–ืืช ื‘-ืฉื™ืจื” ื•ื”ื™ืœื•ืœ ืœื”’, ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ‘ืื–’ ื™ืฉื™ืจ. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืฉื”ืฆืจื” ื•ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื”, ื”ื ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืื—ื“.

ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ื“ืื™ ื‘ืขืช ืฆืจื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ, ื•ื–ื”ื• ‘ื—ื™ื•ื‘’ ื›ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ืจืžื‘”ื. ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘”ื, ืฉื”ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืขืช ืฆืจื”, ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืชืคืœืœ ื”ืจื™ ื–ื• ื“ืจืš ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช. ื•ื–ื”ื• ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจื•. ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืฆืจื” ืืœื ืจืง ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชืคืœืœ, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืกื™ื‘ื” ื’ืžื•ืจื” ืœื™ื ืฆืœ ืžืฆืจืชื•, ื•ืื ืื™ื ื• ืžืชืคืœืœ, ื–ื”ื• ื“ืจืš ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช. ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ื•ื‘ืชื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื›ืœย  ืžืืช ื”’, ื”ืฆืจื” ื•ื”ื”ื›ืจื— ืœืชืคื™ืœื”. ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื”ื‘ื ื”, ื–ื”ื• ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืžื™ื“ื” ืจืขื”.

ืืžื ื ืืžืจื• ื–”ืœ (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื›ื• (ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช, ืื‘ื•ืช ืชืงื ื•ื. ื•ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ, ืฉืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขืช ืฆืจื” ืฉืœื”ื. ืืฆืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื›ืชื™ื‘ ‘ื•ื™ืงืจื ื‘ืฉื ื””. ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืช ืฆืจื”. ื•ืœื ืืฆืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ‘ื•ื™ืฆื ื™ืฆื—ืง ืœืฉื•ื— ื‘ืฉื“ื”’. ื•ื’ื ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉืืžืจ ‘ืืคืฉืจ ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ืชืคืœืœื• ืื‘ื•ืชื™ ื•ืœื ื”ืชืคืœืœืชื™’, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื˜ืขื ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืžื—ืžืช ืฆืจื”. ื•ื”ืจื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื•ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื ืชืงื ื• ืข”ื™ ืชืคื™ืœืชื. ืื›ืŸ, ื™ืกื•ื“ ืชืคื™ืœืชื ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ืžืช ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืชื ื•ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื. ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื ื— ื•ืงื™ื™ื ืืฆืœื ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ื”ืžื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืชืžื™ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงืฉืจ ื•ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื™”ืช, ื”ื›ืจื” ื•ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื• ื™ืช’.

ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ื” ย ‘ื•ื™ืงืจื ื‘ืฉื ื””. ืœื ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ืืŸ ‘ืชืคื™ืœื”’ ืืœื ‘ืงืจื™ืื”’, ื•ืืขืค”ื› ืชื™ืจื’ื ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก ‘ื•ืฆืœื™’ ืงื“ื ื”’ ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืชืคื™ืœื”. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›ืœ ืงืจื™ืืชื ืฉื™ื—ื ื•ืฉื™ื’ื ื”ื™ื” ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื›ืš ื›ืœ ื”ืขื™ืชื™ื, ื”ื ื ื™ ื ืชื•ืŸ ื•ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืชืžื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ืชืคื™ืœื”. ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืืฉืจ ืื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืžื™ ืื‘ื•ื ืืœื™ืš ื•ื‘ืจื›ืชื™ืš. ื”ื ื ื™ ืžืฉื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ื‘ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืงื‘”ื”, ืข”ื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืคืข ืžืื™ืชื• ื™ืช’.

ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘”ืŸ (ืกื•”ืค ื‘ื). ื•ื–”ืœ ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืืžืจื• (ืื‘ื•ืช ืค”ื‘ ืž”ื) ื”ื•ื™ ื–ื”ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื” ืงืœื” ื›ื‘ื—ืžื•ืจื” ืฉื›ื•ืœืŸ ื—ืžื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืื“, ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืขื” ืื“ื ืžื•ื“ื” ื‘ื”ืŸ ืœืืœื”ื™ื•. ื•ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉื ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ื ื•ื“ื” ืืœื™ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืจืื ื•. ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื”, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื˜ืขื ืื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืืœ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื—ืคืฅ ื‘ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืœื‘ื“ ืฉื™ื“ืข ื”ืื“ื ื•ื™ื•ื“ื” ืœืืœื”ื™ื• ืฉื‘ืจืื•. ื•ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืœ ื‘ืชืคืœื•ืช ื•ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช ื•ื–ื›ื•ืช ืชืคืœืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื, ื–ื”ื• ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื ืžืงื•ื ื™ืชืงื‘ืฆื• ื•ื™ื•ื“ื• ืœืืœ ืฉื‘ืจืื ื•ื”ืžืฆื™ืื ื•ื™ืคืจืกืžื• ื–ื” ื•ื™ืืžืจื• ืœืคื ื™ื• ‘ื‘ืจื™ื•ืชื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื•’.

ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืขืžื™ื“ ืืฆืœื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื›ื–ื”, ื ื›ื™ืจ ื•ื ื“ืข, ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืื‘ื™ ืื‘ื™ ื”ืฆื™ืœื ื™. ืืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื ื• ืžื™ื™ืกื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื•, ื”ื›ืœ ืžืชืงืฉืจ ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”. ื•ื›ืš ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื‘ื• ื”ื ื ื• ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ย ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ย ืœืฉื•ื™ืชื™ ื”’ ืœื ื’ื“ื™ ืชืžื™ื“, ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื ืฉืืจ ืœืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืขืžื“ื ื• ืืฅ ืขืฆืžื™ื ื• ื‘ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ืงืฉืจ ืœื”ืงื‘”ื”, ื•ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉืžืจ ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืชืžื™ื“ื™ ืขื ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืฉื”ื›ืจื ื• ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”.

ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืคื•ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ื–ืจื™ (ืžืืžืจ ื’ ืื•ืช ื”) … ื•ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช-ื”’ ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืžื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื”ื›ื ืขื” ืžื”ื ืคืฉ, ื›ืกื“ืจ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืžื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืžืชืคืœืœ ืœื ืคืฉื• ื•ื ื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืœื’ื•ืคื•, ื•ืžืชืžื“ืช ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืจื›ืช-ื”ืชืคืœื” ืขื“ ืขืช ืชืคืœื” ืื—ืจืช. ื›ื”ืชืžื“ืช ื›ื— ืกืขื•ื“ืช ื”ื™ื•ื, ืขื“ ืฉื™ืกืขื•ื“ ื‘ืœื™ืœื”. ื•ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืชืจื—ืง ืขืช ื”ืชืคืœื” ืžื”ื ืคืฉ, ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืงื•ื“ืจืช ื‘ืžื” ืฉืคื•ื’ืข ืื•ืชื” ืžืขืกืงื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื … ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื”, ื•ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื• ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ‘ื–ื›ืจื• ืฉืžื•’ ื‘ืชืžื™ื“ื•ืช, ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื•ื ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื•ื”ื•ืœืš, ื›ืš ื ืขืฉื” ืœื ื• ืงื•ื“ืจ ื”ื”ืชืจื—ืงื•ืช ืžื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช. ื•ื‘ืขืช ื”ืชืคืœื” ืžื˜ื”ืจ ื ืคืฉื• ืžื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื“ื. ื•ื™ืชืงื ื” ืœืขืชื™ื“, ืขื“ ืฉืœื ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืขืœ ื–ื” ื”ืกื“ืจ ืขื“ ืฉื™ืชืงืŸ ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืงื‘ืฆื• ืžื•ืชืจื™ื ืžืงื“ื™ืจื™ื ืขื ืื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืœื ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืœื˜ื”ืจื ื•ืœื ืงื•ืชื ืืœื ื‘ื”ืชืžื“ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื™ื•ื ืขื ืžื ื•ื—ืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื•ืื– ื™ืจืฆื” ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืืช ืืฉืจ ื—ืกืจ ืœื• ืžืฉืฉืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืขืชื™ื“.

ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืœ’ืขื›ืฉื™ื•’, ืืœื ื–ื”ื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“.ย  ื–ื”ื• ื–ืจื™ืขื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื ื‘ื” ืงืฆื™ืจื”. ืžืžืฉ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื™ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจ-ืฉืœื ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช, ื‘ืœื ืฉื™ื”ื ืœื–ื” ืขืฅ ืžืฆืžื™ื—. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื“ื ืžืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ืžืงื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืžื•ื ื”, ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื. ื•ืœื–ื” ืืžืจื• ื–”ืœ (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื›ื) ื•ืœื•ืื™ ืฉื™ืชืคืœืœ ื”ืื“ื ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื, ืืœื ืฉืชื”ื ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืชืžื™ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ื•ืœื•, ืžืชืคื™ืœื•ืชื™ื•. ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ืื‘ื•ืช ืชื™ืงื ื• ื›ืžื” ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช, ื–ื”ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืœืง ืืช ืžืฉืš ื”ื™ื•ื ืœื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืชืžื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ื•ืœื•.

ื”ืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืชืคื™ืœืช ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ืžืจื•ืžืžืช ื•ื ืขืœื”. ืื‘ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ื‘ื•ืื ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื”, ืœืขื•ืœื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ‘ื•ื™ืงืจื ื‘ืฉื ื””. ื‘ื›ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ืชื•ืงืฃ ืชืคื™ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉื™ื”ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“. ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ื˜ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืชืžื™ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ‘ื–ื›ืจื• ืฉืžื•’.

ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืฉื–ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืื™ื ื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ื•ื›ืžืฉ”ื› ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•, ืœื˜) ืขื””ืค ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ืœืฆื™ืฆื™ืช, ืฉื›ืชื‘ … ื•ื”ื ื” ืžืฆื•ื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื‘ื’ื“ ื‘ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื ืคื™ื ืฉื™ืชื›ืกื” ื‘ื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ืชืžื™ื“, ื•ืœื ื™ืกื™ืจื ื• ืžืขืœื™ื•, ืœืžืขืŸ ื™ื–ื›ืจื•. ื•ื”ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœื™ืช ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืชืคืœื”, ื™ืขืฉื• ื–ื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืงืจืื• ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ืœืฆื™ืฆื™ืช, ื•ืขืฉื• ืœื”ื ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช, ืจืง ืœืคื™ ื“ืขืชื™, ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืชืขื˜ืฃ ื‘ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ืฉืขื•ืช ืžืฉืขืช ื”ืชืคืœื”, ืœืžืขืŸ ื™ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื•ืœื ื™ืฉื’ื” ื•ืœื ื™ืขืฉื” ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืขื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืชืคืœื” ืœื ื™ืขืฉื” ืขื‘ื™ืจื”. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื“ื ื™ื•ืฆื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื•, ืื– ื”ื•ื ‘ื ืฆืจืš’ ืœืื•ืชื• ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืœืžืขืŸ ืชื–ื›ืจื•.

ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ืชื™ืงื ื• ืœื ื• ‘ื–ืจื™ืขื”’ ื•’ืฆืžื™ื—ื”’ ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื”ื ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ืžื”ืœื›ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื.

ื•ืืžืจ ื‘ื–ื” ืืื–ืžื•”ืจ ‘ื›ืœืœืŸ ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื”ืื“ื, ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื•, ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื•, ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื•, ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื—ื™ื™ื•, ื›ื•ืœื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืžื“ื•ื‘ืงื™ื ืžืงืฉื” ืื—ืช. ื™ืžื™ ื”ื ืขื•ืจื™ื, ืขื ื™ืžื™ ื”ื–ืงื ื”. ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืขื ืžืฉื ื”ื•. ืžืฆื“ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืฆืžื, ืื ืจืง ื”ืื“ื ืœื ื™ื ืชืง ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืื ื™ื ื™ื— ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ืžืชื›ื•ื ืชื ื•ื˜ื‘ืขื, ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื ื”ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืžื“ื•ื‘ืงื™ื, ื”ืื“ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื ืชืง ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ืžืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืงื™ื.

ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืข”ื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืžืจ ืืช ืžืฆื‘ื ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืื•ืชื” ื”ืฉืคืขื”. ื•ื—ืœื™ืœื” ืœื ืชืง ืืช ื”ืขืฅ, ืฉืื– ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืคืจื™.

ื–ื”ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืœื”ื™ื•ืชื ื• ืžืฉืžืจื™ื ืืช ืžืฆื‘ื ื• ืžืชืคื™ืœื” ืขื“ ืœืชืคื™ืœื”. ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื, ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ื›ืš ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืœืœื ืกื•ืฃ.

ืืื–ืžื•”ืจ ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ ื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ื”ืจื‘ื”, ื‘ื—ืœืง ื‘ื• ืžืื“ ืงืฉื” ืœื ื• ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ‘ืœื™ื™ืงืจ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช’. ื•ื›ืžื“ื•ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื•, ืฉื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืžืžื ื” ื›ืกื“ืจ ื›ืกื“ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื–ืžื ื™ื ื•. ื•ืืžืจ ืฉื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื ื•ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืชื ื•. ื”ื–ื”ืจื• ื‘ืฉื ื–ื”. ืืฉืจ ื ืงืจื ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื‘ืœ ืชืื‘ื“ื• ืื•ืชื•, ื•ืœื‘ืœ ืชืฉื ื•ื”ื•.

ื—ื•ื‘ืชื ื• ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื•ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”. ื–ื”ื• ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ืืจืฆื™ื™ื˜, ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืขื˜ ืื™ืš ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืชื•ืขืœืช ื•ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช, ื•ืœื ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื”,ย  ืืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื ื• ื”ื™ืžื ื” ืชื•ืขืœืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช, ื‘ื–ื” ื ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืื™ืชื ื• ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื•ื›ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื•ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืชื ื•.

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Harav Hagaon Binyomin Cohen Shlita

No Personal Agenda

Parashas Behaalosecha

Harav Hagaon Binyamin Cohen Shlita

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At the end of Parshas Behaalosecha, the Torah tells us that Miriam and Aharon spoke lashon hara about Moshe. The Rambam, at the end of Hilchos Tumas Tzaraas, writes that Miriam did not intend to speak disparagingly of Moshe Rabbeinu; after all, she was his older sister who brought him up and risked her life to save his. The Sifri, cited in Sefer Chofetz Chaim (Hilchos Lashon Hara, Klal 8, Beโ€™er Mayim Chayim), says that Miriam and Aharon actually had a constructive purpose in speaking about Moshe Rabbeinu โ€“ they spoke lashon hara lโ€™toeles, which is permitted. They assumed that Moshe Rabbeinuโ€™s kedushah as a navi was no greater than theirs โ€“ they, too, were neviโ€™im โ€“ or that of the Avos, and none of them had been required to separate from their spouses. Moshe Rabbeinu, they thought, should likewise have stayed with his wife.

It is actually clear from the pesukim that this was the essence of their lashon hara, as they said: ย ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ื”ึฒืจึทืง ืึทืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐืžึนืฉืึถื” ื“ึผึดื‘ึผึถืจ ื”’ ื”ึฒืœึนื ื’ึผึทื ื‘ึผึธื ื•ึผ ื“ึดื‘ึผึตืจ.

To this claim, Hakadosh Baruch Hu answered that Moshe Rabbeinuโ€™s nevuah was qualitatively different. To regular neviโ€™im, Hakadosh Baruch Hu speaks in a dream, the type of vision known as ืืกืคืงืœืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžืื™ืจื”, while Mosheโ€™s nevuah was ืืกืคืงืœืจื™ื ื”ืžืื™ืจื”, as the passuk describes: ืคึผึถื” ืึถืœ ืคึผึถื” ืึฒื“ึทื‘ึผึถืจ ื‘ึผื•ึน ื•ึผืžึทืจึฐืึถื” ื•ึฐืœึนื ื‘ึฐื—ึดื™ื“ึนืช ื•ึผืชึฐืžึปื ึทืช ื”’ ื™ึทื‘ึผึดื™ื˜. Moshe Rabbeinu had to separate from his wife, unlike other neviโ€™im, because he was on an entirely different madreigah.

But Miriam and Aharon did not realize this, and their intention in speaking about Moshe Rabbeinu was lโ€™toeles: they wanted to give him tochachah for having separated from his wife. We know that lashon hara lโ€™toeles is permitted, so what was wrong with what they said?

The Chofetz Chaim explains that the problem was that they judged what Moshe Rabbeinu did and spoke against him without asking him why he had done it.

But perhaps there is another reason why their words constituted lashon hara. The Gemara (Shabbos 87) states that Moshe Rabbeinu did three things of his own accord that Hakadosh Baruch Hu subsequently agreed to, one of which is that he separated from his wife. How do we know that Hakadosh Baruch Hu agreed to that? The Gemara says that itโ€™s because Hakadosh Baruch Hu instructed Moshe, after Mattan Torah: ืœึตืšึฐ ืึฑืžึนืจ ืœึธื”ึถื ืฉืื•ึผื‘ื•ึผ ืœึธื›ึถื ืœึฐืึธื”ึณืœึตื™ื›ึถื. ื•ึฐืึทืชึผึธื” ืคึผึนื” ืขึฒืžึนื“ ืขึดืžึผึธื“ึดื™. In other words, Hashem was saying that the Yidden should return to their tents and resume living with their wives (from whom they had separated during the ืฉืœืฉืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ื’ื‘ืœื”), while Moshe Rabbeinu was to remain with Hashem, meaning that he should not return to his home.

If so, wonders Tosafos, how do we see that Moshe separated from his wife of his own accord? Perhaps he had no intention to separate from her, and did so only because Hashem instructed him ื•ึฐืึทืชึผึธื” ืคึผึนื” ืขึฒืžึนื“ ืขึดืžึผึธื“ึดื™! How do we know that Moshe Rabbeinu took this step independently and only then did Hakadosh Baruch Hu agree to what he did?

Tosafos answers that we derive this from the fact that Miriam and Aharon spoke against Moshe Rabbeinu. Had Hashem instructed Moshe Rabbeinu to separate from his wife, Miriam and Aharon would not have criticized him for it.

Tosafos is still not satisfied with this answer, however, because even if Moshe Rabbeinu decided to separate from his wife on his own, Hashem approved of that decision. How, then, could Miriam and Aharon speak against Moshe?

A True Eved Hashem

The answer to that is that we have a principle that Hakadosh Baruch Hu guides people in the way they wish to go: ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืื“ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื™ืœืš ื‘ื” ืžื•ืœื™ื›ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื•. Miriam and Aharon assumed that this was the reason Hakadosh Baruch Hu agreed to Mosheโ€™s actions. Moshe, they thought, had a personal agenda in separating from his wife, and because Hakadosh Baruch Hu gives a person siyatta dโ€™Shmaya in doing what he wants to do, Hashem agreed to his decision.

We can suggest that their lashon hara was their assumption that Moshe Rabbeinu had his own personal agenda in separating from his wife.

Hakadosh Baruch Hu pointed out the error of this assumption in His response to them, when He said: ืœึนื ื›ึตืŸ ืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึผึดื™ ืžึนืฉืึถื” ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ื‘ึผึตื™ืชึดื™ ื ึถืึฑืžึธืŸ ื”ื•ึผื. Moshe was an eved neโ€™eman, a trustworthy servant who was completely subservient to the desires of his Master. He would not have wanted anything that Hashem didnโ€™t want, and if heย  separated from his wife, it was only because he understood that that was Hashemโ€™s will.

In Shacharis of Shabbos we say: ื™ืฉืžื— ืžืฉื” ื‘ืžืชื ืช ื—ืœืงื• ื›ื™ ืขื‘ื“ ื ืืžืŸ ืงืจืืช ืœื•. Rav Nosson Wachtfogel notes that the next words of the tefillah โ€“ ื›ืœื™ืœ ืชืคืืจืช ื‘ืจืืฉื• ื ืชืช ืœื• โ€“ are proof of the statement that Moshe was an eved neโ€™eman. From the fact that Hakadosh Baruch Hu put a crown on his head, we know that Moshe was a trustworthy servant.

This can be illustrated with a mashal. A king is wearing a crown and wishes to take it off and put it down. Where should he put it down? If he places it on a servantโ€™s head, then the servant might become haughty and start thinking that heโ€™s the king and rebel. The best place for the king to place his crown is on a hook, because the hook is never going to say โ€œIโ€™m the king.โ€

Similarly, from the fact that ื›ืœื™ืœ ืชืคืืจืช ื‘ืจืืฉื• ื ืชืช ืœื• we know that Moshe was an eved neโ€™eman. He was merely a โ€œhookโ€ โ€“ meaning that anything he wanted was ratzon Hashem. Indeed, in informing us of Mosheโ€™s death, the Torah appends two words of description: ื•ึทื™ึผึธืžึธืช ืฉืึธื ืžึนืฉืึถื” ืขึถื‘ึถื“ ื”’. Moshe was an eved Hashem, and that was Hashemโ€™s hesped of him. He wanted nothing but to do Hashemโ€™s will.

We are each obligated to strive to reach the madreigah of our ancestors, and we have to try to attain this level of making our will harmonious with Hashemโ€™s and live with the awareness that our job is to fulfill ratzon Hashem and desire what He wants. Then, we will be true avdei Hashem.

The Rambam explains that the mitzvah of ื–ึธื›ื•ึนืจ ืึตืช ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืขึธืฉื‚ึธื” ื”’ ืึฑืœึนืงึถื™ืšึธ ืœึฐืžึดืจึฐื™ึธื requires us to contemplate what Miriam did. Perhaps part of what we are meant to contemplate is the idea that an eved Hashem does not have his own agenda โ€“ his desire is purely to do what Hashem wants.

Hakadosh Baruch Hu should help us be zocheh to become true ovdei Hashem whose ratzon is to fulfill His ratzon.

Gut Shabbos.

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