ืืืจื ืจืืืชืื ื
Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Nachum Partzovitz, ztโl
ืืืฉืืชื ืืืื ืืืจืฆืื (ืื, ื)
ืืชืืจืช ืืื ืื (ืืืืงืืชื ื, ื) ืืจืฉื: ืืืจืฆืื ืืชื ืืืฉืืื ืืืื, ืืื ืืชื ืืืฉืืื ืืืื ืืืฆื ืื.
ืืืืช ืืชืงืืคืืช ืฉื ืืชื ืืืืื ืืคื ื ืืกืื ืืช ืืืืฆื ืืืืืื ื ืืจืขืืข ืืืจืฅ ืืฉืจืื, ืืื ืื ืฉืื ืฉืืขื ื ืฉืืื”ื ืืืชืจ ืืืื ืืืฉืจ ืื”ื.
ืืืจ ืื ืืจื ืจืืฉ ืืืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืจื ื ืืื ืคืจืฆืืืืฅ ืืฆืืง”ื ืฉืืื”ื ืืชืื ืืืืคื, ืืืืื ืืช ืืืจื ืืชืืจืช ืืื ืื ืฉืืจืฉื “ืืืจืฆืื ืืชื ืืืฉืืื ืืืื, ืืื ืืชื ืืืฉืืื ืืืื ืืืฆื ืื”, ืืืืืืจ ืื ืจืง ืืืจืฅ ืืฉืจืื ืืฉ ืืคืฉืจืืช ืฉื ืฉืืื ืื ืืืืงืืชื ืชืืื, ืืื ืืื”ื ืืื ืืคืฉืจืืช ืฉื ืฉืืื, ืื”ื ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืืืืจ ืฉืืื”ื ืืืื ืืืชืจ, ืื ืืจื ืื”ื ืืืจื ืืืจืช.
ืืชืื ืืกืคืจ ‘ืื ืื ื ืืื’
ืืืจื ืืืืื
Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Sar haTorah Hagaon Harav Chaim Shmulevitz, ztโl
ืขืื ืืชืืจื ืืื ืืืฆืืื
ืืืคืื ืืื ืืจื ืจืืฉ ืืืฉืืื ืฉื”ืช ืืืืื ืจื ืืืื ืฉืืืืืืืฅ ืืฆืืง”ื ืืืืืื ืืชืืจื ืืขืืื. ืื ืืืื ืขืื ืืชืืจื ืืฉืงืืื ืืืืืขื ืขืฆืืื ืขื ืืืืช ืืืืืืช ืืืฉ, ืืืื ืืฉืื ืืืืืช ืืืืื ืืืชืืืชื ืืชืืจื.
ืืืืืื ืืคืืื ืืขืฉืืช ืืฉื ืืช ืืืืืช ืืฉื ืืื, ืืืฉืจ ืืื ืืชืืจื ืืฉืงืืื ืืขืื ืฉืืื ืืชืืจ, ืืืช ืืืจืืช ืื ืืืจืืืช ืืืืืืืช ืืืจืืืืช ืฉืจืืฉื ืืกืืื. ืืืืื ืจืื ืฉืืื ืขืืืจื ืืฆ”ื, ืืฉืจ ืืื ืขื ืชืืืืื ืืืฉืืื ืืงื’ ืืฉื ืืื ืืฉื ืืช ืืืขื, ืชืืืจ ืืืืืจ ืืืืจืื ืฉืืชื ืืืืจ ืคืืืจืช ืืจื ืืฆ”ื, ืชืืืืจ ืื ืืืืืฉื ืืขืื ืืชืืจื ืฉื ืืจื ืจืืฉ ืืืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืื:
“ืื ืืืชืืื ืฉืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืืื ื, ืืื ืืืฉื. ืืื ื ืืืืจ ืืืืืช ืฉื ืืื. ืืฉืืื ืืืืืจื ืคืฆืฆืืช-ืชืืขืจื. ืืืืืช ืืืืืืช ืคืืจืฆืืช ืืื ืคืขื ืืคืื ื ืืืจืช ืฉื ืืขืืจ. ืืืืืื ืืืืื. ืืืืช ืืจืืฃ ืืืื ืืืืืจ. ืืืคืฉืื ืืงืื ืืืกืชืชืจ ืื. ืืื ืขืืฉื ืื ืจืื ืืืื? – ืจืื ืืืื ืจืืฆื ืืืืจืืฉ ืืช ืจืขืฉ ืืืืืกืื ืืืชืขืืคืคืื ืื ืืืื ืืืืจื ืฉืื. “ืืื ืื ื ืืื ืืื. ืื ืจืืข ืฉื ืืืื ืืื ืืชื ื ืืืงื”ื, ื ืืืจ ืืืคืื ืื ืืืืฃ ืืขื ืืืืื”. ืื ืืื ืืืืจ ืืืืชื ืจืืขืื ืืจืืืืื ืืืฉืจ ืฆืืื ืืืืช ืจืืืคื ืื ืื ืืขืื ืื. ืืืืืจ ืืืืฅ – ืืืืืช ืืงืืฅ – ืื ืืืขืืง. ืืืืช ืฉืืจืจ ืืื ืง ืืืฉ. ืืื ืืื ืื ืฉืื. ืืื ืจืื ืืืื ืื ืืจืืืฉ ืืืื. ืืืืขื ืืื ื ืืืืืช ืื, ืืฆืื ืืืืืฉ ืืช ืืฉืื ื, ืื ืืื ืืชืืื ืืชืืจื, ืืื ืฉืืื ืืงืจืื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืฉื ืชืืจื ืืืื ืฉืืจืืื ืืช ืฆืืืื ื.
ืฉื ืื ืืจืืืืช ืืงืฉืืช, ืืืื ืืคืืจืื ืืืืืืช ืฉืืืจืื. ืืฉืืื ืืื ื ืืืจืืื ืืืื ืขื ืฉืืฉ ืืืื ื ืืืืจืื ืืืืืืช ืืืจื ืืกืืฃ. ืขื ืืื ืืขืืง ืืื ืืืื. ืืฉืืจืืช-ืืืื ืืืืขืืช ืืฆืื ืืจืืช ืืฉืืืื. ืืืืขืืช ืืืจืืืืช ืืืจืืคืืช ืืืฉ ืืช ืืืขืช. ืฉืืืืื ืืืฉืื ืืคืื ืืืงืืฆืื ืืคืื. “ืืืชื ืืืขืชื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืื”, ืืืืขืื ืืืขืืช. ืืฆืขืจ ืืขืืืง ืืคืขื ืืคืขื ืืืชืจ ืืืืชืจ, ืฉืื ืืกืจืืช ืืคืืื ืืืขืืช ืืื ืืืืืช ืืช ืืืกืื ืฉืื ืืื ืฉืืชืฃ ืื. ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืฉื ืืืื ื ืืจื! ืืืืืช ืืืื ืืจืื ืืืืคืืก ืืฉืชืืืืืช, ืื ืืกืืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ืืืชืจืื, ืืื ืืคืฉืจ ืื ืืืฉืื ืืืืจืืจ ืืจืื”ื ืงืฉื, ืื ืจืื ืืืื ืืชืืื ืื ืืืืืืจ ืคืืกื ืืจืืื ื ืืืื. ืืื ืืชืืืฆื ืื ืื ืืืื ืืืืง ืืื ืืืืืช-ืืืืฉื, ืืืืง ืืืืื ืืืคืืื, ืืืืืฉืขื ื ืขื ืืกืื ืืจ ืืื ืขืืื ืืคืขืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืืืื. ืื ืืืืื ืืืชื ืืชืืืชื ืฉืื ื ืืืฉื ืื ืืืืืฆืื ืืื ืกืื ื ืืืช ืืืื ืืืจืื”.
ืืชืื ‘ืขืื ื ืืขืื’ ืขื’ ืฉื”ื
ืืฉืืืื ืืืื
Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shpitzer Shlita
ืืืงืชื
ืืชืืืื ืืชืื ืืื ืืจืื ืืจืื ื ืืืืืื
ืื ื ืืื’ ืืืจื ืืงืจืืืื ืืข”ืค ืฉืืื ืืืช. ืืืขื ืื ืืงืจืื ืืื”ื, ืื ื ืืืืืื ืืขืืืื ืชืื ืืืืจืฉ”ื ืืืคื ืืจื ื”ื ื”ื ืืื ืืื ืืืจ ืืื ืืืืจืื ืื ืืงืจืืื ืืฉืืช ื”ื ืข”ื ืืืืจ ืจ’ ืืฉืืขืื ืืฉืืื ื ืืื”ืง ืืืื ืืืืช ืฉืื ื, ืืืคืกืืื ืข”ื ืข”ื ืืื ืขืืืื ืืื”ื ืื ืื. ืืื ืืืืฉ”ืค ืฉืืื ืืกืืืื ืื”ื ืืื ืืงืจืืื ืง”ืค ืืืจืืฉืืื.
ืืื ื ืืขื ืืืืืจืื ืืืื ืืงืจืืืื ืืื”ื ืืชืื ืืืืจืื ืื ืืฉืื ืฉืืื ืื ื ืืืืื ืื ืฉืืื ืืืืขืื ืืงืื ืืืืื ืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืื ืืืืืกืื ืื ืฉืืืื ื ืืืืื. (ืืืืืื ืืืชืจื ืืฆืืืืจ ืจืง ืืงืจืื ืฆืืืืจ ืื ืงืจืื ืคืกื ืืืืืืจ ืืคืกืืื ืข”ื ืข”ื ืืืจืฉ ืืงืจื ืืืชืื ืืืืขืื ืืืคืืื ืืืืืื).
ืืื ื ื”ื ืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืื ืืฉืขืช ืืืืจืื (ืืืื ืืื ืืคืจ ืืคืจื ืืืืืืจ ืืื”ื ืค”ื ืืืื). ืืื ืืื ืืงืจืืื ืืืจ ืืืืจืื ื ืืื ืืืขืช ืืจืื”ื ืืฉืื ืืืื ืืงืจืืืื ืืื”ื ืืก”ื ืงืืืฉื ืจืืฉืื ื ืื ืงืืฉื ืืขืชืื ืืื ืืื ืืคื ืืจืื”ื ืงืฉื.
ืืืื’ ืืื ื ืจืื ืืืืจ ืืื ืื ืืงืจืืื ืืฉืื ืจืื ื ืืืื ืืืชืื ืืื ืืจืื ืืจืื ื ืืืืืื ืืื”ืฉ ืื ืฆื”ื. ืืื ืืืืช ืื ืฆื”ื ืฆ”ื ืืื ืืืืจื ืืงืจืืืื ืืข”ืค ืฉืืื ืืืช. ืืืืืจืื ืฆ”ื ืืืงืจืืืื ืืข”ืค ืฉืืื ืืืช ืืืื ื ืืฆื ืืื ื ืงืืืฉื ืื”ื ืืืจ ืืืืจืื ืืฉ ืขืื ืกืืื ืฉื”ื ืืืงืจืื ืืฉืื ืืื ืืจืื ืืจืื ื ืืืืืื. ืืืืืช ืืืจ ืืขืืจ ืฉื ืืขืฆืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืง”ื ืข”ื ืืฉืืื ืืืืฅ ืืื”ื ืืืื ืืื ืชื’ ืืืื.
(ืืืืื”ื ืื ืืืช ื’ ื’ ืืืื ื”ื ืืืื ืคืกืืง ืืืชืื ืืื ืืจืื ืืจืื ื ืืืืืื, ืืื ืื ืคืกื ืื”ื ืืช ืืงืจืื ืืช ืืื ืืชื ืืืื ืืืื ืืงืจืื ืืื”ื ืืืืช ืื ืื”ื ืืืคืฉืจ ืืืืื ืืืืืช ืคืงืขื ืืฆืืช ืชืืืืื ืืื ืืืืช ืืื ืก ืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืืจืช ืืืืืช ืืืืืชืื ืืื ืืจืื ืืจืื ื ืืืืืื ืืืงืจื ื”ื ื”ื ืขื”ื. ืืข’ ืืฉืืจ ืืืื ืืืืื ืงืก”ื, ืืืจืืืช ืกื’ ื”ื ื’, ืฉืจืฆื ืืคืจืฉ ืืืื ืช ืื ืฆื”ื ืื”ืฉ ืืืื”ื ืืืืจืฉ”ื ืืืคื ืืจื ืืื ืืืจ ืื ืืื ืฉืืชื ืื ืฆื”ื ืืืขืืง”ืฉ ืค’ ืจืื ืืืื ื ืฉืืจ ืงืฉื ืืืืื ืืืงืจืืืื ืืข”ืค ืฉืืื ืืืช).
ืืข”ืข ืื ืื ืฆืืื ืกื’ ื’ (ืืืื ืืืจืืฉืช ืฆืืื ืืฃ ื”ื ืข”ื) ืฉืืชื ื”ื ืื”ืฉ ืื ืฆื”ื ืืืฉืื ืจืื ื ืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืงืจืื, (ืืืื ืืืืจืื ืืื’ ื”ื ืืืื”ื ืืื ืื ืฆื”ื), ืืืืืจ ืืื ืืืืืื ื”ื ืข”ื ืืืืจ ืจ’ ืืืืื ืืืื”ื ืฉืืจื ื ืืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืชืื ืืืฉืืืืชื ืืช ืืงืืฉืื ืืข”ืค ืฉืืจื ืืงืืืฉืชื ืงืืืื, ืืืืืจ ืื ืื ืืืข”ืค ืฉืืจื ืืงืืืฉืชื ืงืืืื, ืืืื ืืืืชืื ืืื ืืจืื ืืจืื ื ืืืืืื ืืข”ื ืืืืจื ืืืงืจืื ืงืจืื ืืฉืื ืืงืจืืืื ืืข”ืค ืฉืืื ืืืช, ืืืื ืืืื ืืืข”ืค ืฉืืจื ืืงืืืฉืชื ืงืืืื. ืืืงืฉื ืขื ืขืฆืื ื”ื ืืืื ื ”ื ืืืจื ืืงืจืืืื ืืข”ืค ืฉืืื ืืืช. ืืชื’ ืืื ืื ”ื ืืขื ืื ืืขืื ืืืืฅ ืืืคืืจืฉ ืืื’ ืืืืื ืืื”ื, ืืขืื ื ”ื ืืืืื ืฉืฆืื ื’ ืืื ืืช ืืื”ืง ืืืจ ืืื ืืื ืืื ืืจืื ืืืคืฉืจ ืืืงืจืื ืืข”ืค ืฉืขืืืื ืื ืื ื, ืืขืื ืื ”ื ืืขื ืื ืืืืขืื ืืฃ ืืืื ืืืงืจืื ื”ื ืื ืืงืจืื ืืฆื ืงืจืื ื ืืื ืื ืงืจืื ืฉืืงืจืื ืฉืื ืืฉืื.
ืืืื ืื ื ืฉืชืืืื ื ืื
Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Aryeh Finkel, ztโl
ืืืื ืื ื ืฉืชืืืื ื ืื
ืดืื ืืืืงืืชื ืชืืื ืืื’ ืื ืชืชื ืืฉืืืื ืืืืณ ืื ืชืชื ืฉืืื ืืืจืฅ ืืืืณ ืื ืชืชื ืืฉืื ื ืืชืืืืืด ืืืืณ (ืืืงืจื ื) . ืืืกืืคื ืฉื ืืืจืืืช ืืืงืืืืช ื ืืืจ (ืฉื) ืดืื ื ืืณ ืืืงืืื ืืฉืจ ืืืฆืืชื ืืชืื ืืืจืฅ ืืฆืจืื ืืืืืช ืืื ืขืืืื ืืืฉืืืจ ืืืืืช ืขืืืื ืืืืื ืืชืื ืงืืืืืืชืด. ืืคืืจืฉ ืจืฉืดื (ืืื ืืื ืืกืคืจื):
ืดืื ื ืืณ ืืืงืืืืด – ืืืื ืื ื ืฉืชืืืื ื ืื, ืฉืื ื ืืืื ืืขืฉืืช ืื ืืื, ืฉืืจื ืืืฆืืชื ืืชืื ืืืจืฅ ืืฆืจืื ืืขืฉืืชื ืืื ื ืกืื ืืืืืื.
ืืืื ืฉืืชืื ืืคืจืฉืช ืื (ืฉืืืช ื, ืื) ืดืืขืืืจ ืชืืข ืื ืืื ืืืื ื ืืื ืืืจืฅืด, ืืคืืจืฉ ืืจืืืดื (ืฉื ืื, ืื): ืดืืืืจืืช ืขื ืืืืืืช ืฉืืื ืฉืืื ืืื, ืืื ืืขืื ืืืืืด.
ืืื ืืื ืชืืืืช ืืฆืืืช ืืฆืจืื ืืื ืกืื ืืืืืืื, ืืื ืฉืืืจืื ืืจืืืดื ืฉื ืืืืจ, ืืืขื ืืฉืจืืฉ ืืงืจืื ื ืืืืื ื ืื ืืื ืืชืณ ืืืืจื ืืฉ ืืืื ืืืืฉืืื ืขื ืื ืืืฉืื ืืืจืฅ ืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืชืืืืช.
ืืืื ืฉืืืจ ืืฉืืดืช ืืืืจ ืืืืืืืช ืฉืืฉืืจื ืืชืืจื ืดืื ื ืืณ ืืืงืืื ืืฉืจ ืืืฆืืชื ืืชืื ืืืจืฅ ืืฆืจืื ืืืืณ ืืืื ืื ื ืฉืชืืืื ื ืื ืฉืื ื ืืืื ืืขืฉืืช ืื ืืื ืฉืืจื ืืืฆืืชื ืืชืื ืืืจืฅ ืืฆืจืื ืืขืฉืืชื ืืื ื ืกืื ืืืืืืืด, ืืื ืชืืืืช ืืฆืืืช ืืฆืจืื, ืืืขื ืชืืข ืืืืณ ืืืืง ืืืืื ื ืืืืืืื ืืืฉืืดืช.
ืืื ืืฆืืช ืืืืจืช ืืฆืืืช ืืฆืจืื, ืืืืืืจ ืืขืฆืื ืชืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืณ ืฉืืื ื ืืื ืืฉืื ืฉืืจ ืืื ืืืื, ืืื ืคืืจืฉ ืจืฉืดื ืืคืจืฉืช ืฆืืฆืืช: ืดืื ื ื’ – ื ืืื ืืฉืื ืฉืืจืด.
ืืืฉ ืืขืืื, ืฉืืจื ืฉื ืื ื(ืืืืช ื, ื) ืดืื ืชืืื ืืขืืืื ืืืฉืืฉืื ืืช ืืจื ืขื ืื ืช ืืงืื ืคืจืก, ืืื ืืื ืืขืืืื ืืืฉืืฉืื ืืช ืืจื ืฉืื ืขื ืื ืช ืืงืื ืคืจืกืด.
ืื ืืืงืืง ืืืขืืืื ืขื ืืืช
ืืื ื ืืืชื ืืืืณ (ืืืืช ืื:): ืืจืฉ ืจืื ืฉืืืื ืฉืฉ ืืืืช ืืฉืืฉ ืขืฉืจื ืืฆืืืช ื ืืืจื ืื ืืืฉื ืฉืืฉ ืืืืช ืืฉืฉืื ืืืืฉ ืืืืื ืืื ืื ืืืืช ืืืื ืืืืชืื ืืืจืืขืื ืืฉืืื ื ืขืฉื ืื ืื ืืืืจืื ืฉื ืืื.
ืื ืืื ืืืขืืืื ืขื ืืืช ืขืฉืจื ืืื’, ืื ืืืงืืง ืืืขืืืื ืขื ืืืช, ืฉื ืืืจ “ืืฆืืืง ืืืืื ืชื ืืืืืด.
ืืืืืจ ืืืืจืฉืดื, ืฉืืื ืืืขืืื ืืืืื ืืฉืจ ืืงืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืง ืืืื ืื ืืชืืจื, ืืื ืืืงืืง ืืืขืืืื ืขื ืืืช – ืดืืฆืืืง ืืืืื ืชื ืืืืืด, ืฉืืื ื ืืคืฉืจ ืืืืืช ืฉืื ืืื ืืชืืจื, ืืืื ืืืฆืื ืืืืืืช ืื ืืชืืจื ืืืื, ืืื ืืกืจืื ืื ืืื ืืกืจืื ืืดื ืืื ืืชืืจื, ืืื ืืจืื ืื ืืื ืขืืื ืืื ืืชืืจื.
ืืืืืจ ืขืื ืืืืจืฉืดื, ืื ืื ืจืืดื ืืืจืื ืื ืื ืื ืืฆืืืช ืขืฉื, ืืืืจ ืืื ืื ืื ืขืฉื ืฉื ืื ืื, ืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืฉืืจืฉ ืฉื ืื ืจืืดื ืืืืจืื ืืืืืชื, ืื ืืฆืืช ืืืืื ื ืืื ืืื ืืืงืืจ ืฉื ืจืืดื ืืขืฉืืื ืฉืฉืืขื ื ืืคื ืืืืืจื.
ืืืืื ื ืื ืืืืืช ืื ืืชืืจื ืืืืฆืืช
ืณืื ื ืืืชื ืืืืณ(ืืืื ื:): ืืงืืฉ ืจืืฉืื ืืคื ื ืื ืืจื ืืคื ื ืฉืืืฉื ืืืจืื ืฉืืื ืื, ืขืืืื ืืจื ืืืืืื ืขืจืืืช ืืฉืคืืืืช ืืืื, …ืืื ืืงืืฉ ืฉื ื ืฉืืื ืขืืกืงืื ืืชืืจื ืืืืฆืืืช ืืืืืืืช ืืกืืื ืืคื ื ืื ืืจื, ืืคื ื ืฉืืืชื ืื ืฉื ืืช ืื ื ืืื’.
[ืืืช ืจืืฉืื] ืจืฉืขืื ืืื ืืื ืฉืชืื ืืืืื ื ืืืงืืดื, …ืจืืฉืื ืื ืฉื ืชืืื ืขืืื ื ื ืชืืื ืงืืฆื, ืืืจืื ืื ืฉืื ื ืชืืื ืขืืื ื ืื ื ืชืืื ืงืืฆื.
ืืืืืจ ืืืจืดื (ืืืดืฉ), ืื ืฉื ืืช ืื ื ืืื ืืืคื ืืืืืื, ืืื ืืงื ืื ืืืฉื ืื ืืื ืืืืช ืืืกืจ ืืืช ืืืืืื ืฉืืืฉื ืฉืืืจื ื ืืื ืืื ื. ืืืื ืฉืืืจื “ืจืืฉืื ืื ืฉื ืชืืื ืขืืื ื ื ืชืืื ืงืืฆื, ืืืจืื ืื ืฉืื ื ืชืืื ืขืืื ื ืื ื ืชืืื ืงืืฆืืด ึพ ืจืืฉืื ืื ืืฃ ืฉืจืฉืขืื ืืื ืืื ืื ืจืง ืืืืจ, ืืื ืืื ืืื ืืื, ืืืื ืฉืชืื ืืืืื ื ืืืฉืืดืช, ืืื ืืืืจืื ืื ืืฃ ืฉืขืกืงื ืืชืืจื ืืืืืดื ืืื ืื ืืืืจ, ืืื ืืืคื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืงืืืงื ืื ืืืชื ืฉื ืืช ืืื ื ืืื ืืื.
ืืืฉ ืืืืจ, ืื ืืืืื ื ืืืืืืื ืื ืืืืืช ืืคื ืืืืช ืฉื ืืืื, ืืืฉ ืื ืืื ืฉืขืืืจ ืขืืืจืืช ืืื ืคื ืืืืืชื ืืืื, ืืืื ื ืฉืืืื ืืืณ, ืืืฉ ืืื ืฉืฉืืืจ ืชืืจื ืืืฆืืช ืืื ืชืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืื ืขืชืืื ืืื ืชืื ืคืจื ืกืชื, ืืื ืฉืืื ืื ืืืื ื ืืืืืื ืืจื ืืื ืืืขื ืืื ืืืื, ืฉืืจื ืืื ืืืฆืื ืื ืืชื ืช ืืื ืืืืจืื ืืื.
ืืืื ืืืืืืง, ืฉืืจืืฉืื ืื ืชืื ืืืืื ื ืืืฉืืดืช ืืืื ืืื ืืื, ืืืืืจืื ืื ืืื ื ืขืกืงื ืืชืืจื ืืืืดื ืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืจืืดื.
ืืืืืืจ, ืื ืืฆืืช ืืืืื ื ืืืืืืื ืฉืืจืฉ ืืืืืช ืื ืืืฆืืืช, ืืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืืืช ืื ืืืืจืื. ืืืื ืืขืืงืจ ืืื ืืื ืฉืืจืฉ ืืฉืืจ ืืื ืืืื, ืืืื ืฉืืชืื (ืชืืืื ืงืื, ืื) ืดืจืืฆื ืืณ ืืช ืืจืืื ืืช ืืืืืืื ืืืกืืืด, ืืจืฆืื ื ืืชืณ ืืื ืืื ื ืฆื, ืืื ืฉืืชืื (ืชืืืื ื,ื) ืืืื ืืจืฆืื ื.
ืืืื ืฉื ืืืจ ืดืฆืืืง ืืืืื ืชื ืืืื”, ืืืื ืณืืืืื ืชืืณ – ืืืืืื ื ืืืณ, ืืื ืฉืืืจื ืืื’ (ืกืืื ืื:) ืดืจืื ืืืืขืืจ ืืืืื ืืืืจ ืื ืื ืฉืืฉ ืื ืคืช ืืกืื ืืืืืจ ืื ืืืื ืืืืจ ืืื ื ืืื ืืงืื ื ืืื ืืด, ืืืืืืื ืืืืข ืฉืื ืืืื ืืชืื ืืืื ืืืฉืืื ืืืื ืืืฉืชืืืืช ืืืขืืช ืืืืื, ืืื ืฉืืชืื ืืื, ืืืจืื ืื ืืขืืืฃ ืืืืืขืื ืื ืืืกืืจ. [ืขืืณ ืืดื ืืืดื ืืืดื ืกืืณ ื].
ืืืื ืืฉื ืฉืืืืื ื ืืืืืืื ืื ืฉืืจืฉ ืื ืืชืืจื, ืื ืื ืฉืืจืฉ ืื ืืืจืืืช ืืืืืืืืช.
ืืืืจืช ืืฆืืืช ืืฆืจืื ืืืืืืง ืืืืืืื
ืืื ื ืืืกืื ืฉืขืืื ืื ืืื ืืืืื ื ืืื ืืืืจืช ืืฆืืืช ืืฆืจืื – ืดืื ืื ืืณ ืืืงืื ืืฉืจ ืืืฆืืชืื ืืืจืฅ ืืฆืจืื” (ืฉืืืช ื, ื), ืืืื ื ืฆืืืื ื (ืืืจืื ืื, ื) ืณืณืืืขื ืชืืืืจ ืืช ืืื ืฆืืชื ืืืจืฅ ืืฆืจืื ืื ืืื ืืืืืด, ืืืื ืฉืืืืจ ืืจืืืดื (ืกื”ืค ืื) ืื ืขืดื ืืฆืืดื ื ืชืืจืจ ืฉืืงืืดื ืืจื ืืช ืืขืืื ืืฉ ืืืื ืืืฉืืื ืขื ืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืขืื ืืืื.
ืืขื ืื ืืฆืืดื ืฉืืจืฉ ืื ืืชืืจื ืืืื, ืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืืืช ืฉื ืื ืืืืืจืื ืื ืืืืื ื ืื ืื ืืชืืจื.
ืืืืจืช ืืฆืืืช ืืฆืจืื ืชื ืื ืืงืืืช ืขืื ืืืืืช ืฉืืื
ืืื ื ืืืืจืช ืืฆืืืช ืืฆืจืื ืืคืืจืฉ ืืจืืืดื ืฉืืฆืืช ืขืฉื ืืื, ืืืฃ ืฉืื ืื ืื ืืจืืืดื ืืื ืื ืืืฆืืืช, ื ืชืคืฉื ืืืืจ ืืฉื ืืืจืดื ืืฆืดื ืฉืืืืจืช ืืฆืืืช ืืฆืจืื ืืื ืืืง ืืืฆืืช ืงืืืช ืขืื ืืืืืช ืฉืืื. ืืื ืืืื ืืจืืืดื.
ืืืฉ ืืืืจ, ืฉืืืืจืช ืืฆืืืช ืืฆืจืื ืืื ืชื ืื ืืื ืฉืืืื ืืงืื ืขืื ืืืืืช ืฉืืื ืืจืืื, (ืืืค’ ืฆืืฆืืช ืืชืื ืดืื ื ืืณ ืืืงืืื ืืฉืจ ืืืฆืืชื ืืชืื ืืืจืฅ ืืฆืจืื ืืืืืช ืืื ืืืืงืื ืื ื ืื ืืืงืืืืด, ืืคืืจืฉืดื ืดืขืดื ืื ืคืืืชื ืืชืื ืฉืชืงืืื ืขืืืื ืืืืจืืชืืด.) ืืืื ืฉืขืื ืืืืืช ืฉืืื ืฉืืื ืจืง ืืื ืฉืคืืจืง ืขืื ืืืืืช ืืขืื ืืดื ืืขืฆืื ืืืงืื ืขื ืขืฆืื ืขืืืดืฉ, ืืื ืืชืื ืขืดื ืืืช ืืืืืื, ืืืืืื ืฉืืื ืขืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืฉืื ืืืจ ืืขื ืืื ื ืืขืืืดื. ืืขื ืื ืืขืช ืงืืืช ืขืืืดืฉ ืฆืจืื ืืืืืืจ ืืฆืืดื, ืืื ืืืืง ืืงืจืื ื ืืืืื ื ืืืืืืื ืืืฉืืดืช.
ื ืืฆื, ืฉืืืืจืช ืืฆืืดื ืืื ืืกืื ืืืืื ื ืืืืืืื, ืขืดื ืฉืจืืื ื ืฉืืงืืดื ืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืขืื ืขื ืืื.
ืืืจืืช ื’ ืืืื ืขื
ืืืขืชื ืืืืืจ, ืื ืืื ืฉื ืืืจ ืืื: ืณืณืื ื ืืณ ืืืงืืื – ืืืื ืื ื ืฉืชืืืื ื ืื ืฉืื ื ืืืื ืืขืฉืืช ืื ืืื, ืฉืืจื ืืืฆืืชื ืืชืื ืืืจืฅ ืืฆืจืื ืืขืฉืืชื ืืื ื ืกืื ืืืืืืืด, ืืืื ืืืื ื ืฉื ืขืฉื ืขื ืื ืช ืืงืื ืฉืืจ, ืืื ืฉืขืืื ื ืืืืืื ืืืงืื ืขืื ืืืืืช ืฉืืื ืืืืจื ืื ืื ืขืื ืื ืขื ืื ืืจืื ืืืฉ ืืชืช ืืืืฉ ืืืจืืื ืืืคืจื ืืขืืืื.
ืืืื ืฉื ืืืจ ืืืฉืื (ืื, ืื) “ืืืจืืช ืืณ ืืืื ืขื ืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืกื”, ืืคืืจืฉ ืืืจืดื:
ืื ืืฉ ืืณ ืืืงื ืืืืื, ืืื ืฉืืงืืดื ืืืืืื ืืชืช ืื ืืื ืจื ืืขืืฉืจ, ืืื ืฉืืฆืื ื ืฉืืืืื ืื ืืฉืดื ืืืืจืื ืฉืืขืฉืืจื ืืื ื ืงืจื ืืืืื. ืืืืง ืืืณ ืืื ืฉืืงืืดื ืืื ืืืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืขืฆืื ืฉื ืืืืื ื ืื’, ืืื ื ืงืจื ืืืืื, ืืืื ืฉืืชืื ืฆืืจ ืืกืื ืื – ืฉืืฆืืจ ืืื ืืืืกื ืืืื ืืืจื ืืืืืจ ืืืฉืจ ืื ืื ืฉื ืืขืฆืื ืื ืืฆืืจ ืื ืืืืืื ืฉืืืื ืื ืืืืกื, ืืืื ืฉื ืืืจ ืดืืื ืืืกืืช ืืืณืด ืืื ืืืง ืื’, ืืืืืจ ืฉืืขืฆืื ืืฉืื ืืืฉืืื ืืืื ืขื ืืณ ืืฃ ืฉืื ืืืืื ืื ืืณ, ืืื ืฉืืฉืื ืืืืื ื ืืืื, ืืฃ ืืืืจ ืฉืืืืื ืืืื ืื ืืขืฉืืช ืืืื, ืืืื ืดืืืืื ืืืืืด.
ืืืื ืฉื ืืืจ ืืื ืดืืืจืืช ืืณืด, ืืืืืจ ืืืืช ืืืจืืช ื’ ืืืืข ืฉืืงืืดื ืืืืืื ื ืืขืฉืืช ืื ืืื, ืืืฉืืงืืดื ืืืืืื ื ืืื ืดืืืื ืขืืืด ืืืืง, ืืื ืืื ืื ืฉืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืืกื ืฉืืืื ืขืืืื ืืณ ืฆืืืืช.
ืืืื ืืืืืืจ ืืคืจืฉื, ืื ืืืืงืืชื ืชืืื ืืืืณ, ืืขื ืื ืืื ืืืดื ืื ืืืืืืืช ืฉืืงืืดื ืืืืื ืืช ืืฉืจืื, ืืืืืจ, ืดืื ื ืืณ ืืืงืืื ึพ ืืืื ืื ื ืฉืชืืืื ื ืื ืฉืื ื ืืืื ืืขืฉืืช ืื ืืื, ืฉืืจื ืืืฆืืชื ืืชืื ืืืจืฅ ืืฆืจืื ืืขืฉืืชื ืืื ื ืกืื ืืืืืืืด, ืื ืืืืื ืืืืืื ืฆืจืื ืืณ ืืืจืื, ืืณ ืฉืืืื ืืืืืื ื ืืื, ืืณ ืฉืืืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืงืืื ืืืืืชื, ืืืื ืืืจื ืชืืจื ืดืื ื ืืณ ืืืงืืืืด – ืดืื ื ืืณืด ืืื ืืื ืฉืคืืจืฉ ืจืฉืดื ืืคืจืฉืช ืืืจื – ืดืฉืขืืื ื ืงืจื ืฉืื ืืณ, ื ืืื ืืืืช ืืืจื”. ืืืืืจื ืดืืฉืจ ืืืฆืืชื ืืชืื ืืืจืฅ ืืฆืจืื”, ืืืื ื – “ืืืื ืื ื ืฉืชืืืื ื ืื ืฉืื ื ืืืื ืืขืฉืืช ืื ืืื ืืื'”.
ืืืจื ืื ืดืืืื ืขืืืด, ืฉืืืืืื ื ืืงืืดื ึพ ืดืื ืืืืงืืชื ืชืืื” – ืดืื ืชืชื ืืฉืืืื ืืขืชืืด ืืื’, ืดืื ืชืชื ืืฉืื ื ืืชืืืื ืืืืณ, ืืืชืืืืชื ืืชืืืื ืืืืืชื ืืื ืืืืงืื ืืืชื ืชืืื ืื ืืขื ืืืืณืด. ืื ืืื ืืืืืื ื ืืฉืืดืช, ืืืืจืืช ืืณ ืืืื ืขื.
ืื ืืืจืืืช ืืฉืืจ ืืืืืื
ืืื ื ืืืคืืจื ืืคืจืฉืชื ื ืงืืจืืื ืื ื “ื’ ืขืืื ืืืขืืื”, ืืื ืื ืืฉ ืืจืืืช ืืงืืืืช, ืืื ืืชืื ืื: “ืืจืืจ ืืืืจ ืืฉืจ ืืืื ืืืื”, ืืขื ืื ืื ืืชืืืื, ื”ืืจืื ืืืืจ ืืฉืจ ืืืื ืื'”, ืืืืืืจ ืื ืืื ื ืืืจืืืช ืื ืขื ืืชืืจื, ืืื ืืื ืื ืืชืืจื, ืืื ืืืืื ื, ืืืื ืขืืงืจ ืืืจืื ืืื ืขื ืืืืืื.
ืืื ืืคืืจืฉ ืืชืืืื (ืื, ื) ืดืืื ืืืณ ืืขืฉื ืืื ืฉืื ืืจืฅ ืืจืขื ืืืื ืืด, ืืคืืจืฉ ืจืฉืดื: ืืื ืชืืืจ ืื ืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืื ืื ืืชื ืืขื ื ืฆืืงื ืืื ืืชืคืจื ืก, ืืขืฉื ืืื, ืืื ืชืฉืืื ืืจืฅ ืืืืจื ืืืื, ืืจืขื ืืืื ื, ืชืืื ืืชืชืคืจื ืก ืืฉืืจ ืืืืื ื ืฉืืืื ืช ืืืงืืดื ืืกืืื ืขืืื ืืืขืฉืืช ืืื.
ื ืืฆื ืฉืืืืืื ืฉื ืื ืืืืงืืชื ืชืืื ืื ืชืชื ืืฉืืืื ืืขืชื ืืื’, ืืื ืื ืชืฉืืขื ืื ืืชืืืื ื ืื ืฉืื ื ืืืื ืืืืืื ืขืืื ืืขืื ืืชืืจื ืืืืื ืืช ืขื ืื ื ืืขืืืดื, ืื ืืืฉืคืข ืขืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืืืช ืืืืื ื ืืืืืืื.
ืืืื ืืืืืจ, ืื ืืื ื ืฉื ืื ื ืดืื ืชืืื ืืขืืืื ืืืฉืืฉืื ืืช ืืจื ืขื ืื ืช ืืงืื ืคืจืกืด, ืืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืืืืื ื ืฉืขืืฉื ืขื ืื ืช ืืงืื ืคืจืก, ืืื ืขืืฉื ืืืืื ืืืณ, ืืืื ืืขืื ืืื ืืชืืจื ืืืืื ืฉืื ืืืกืจ ืื ืืืืื, ืขืืฉื ืฆืืงื ืืืกื ืืืืื ืฉืื ืืคืกืื ืืืืื, ืืืื ืืืืจืื ืืืืืื ืฉื ืืืืื ื, ืืื ืชืืืืช ืืฆืืืช ืืฆืจืื ืืืชื ืืฉื ืื.
ืคืชืื ืฉืขืจืื ืืืืื ืื ืฆืืืง ืฉืืืจ ืืืื ืื
ืืืจื ืืืืณ (ืฉืืช ืงืื:) ืดืื ืืขืื ื ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืคืืชืืื ืื ืฉืขืจื ืื ืขืื, ืฉื ืืืจ (ืืฉืขืื ืื, ื) ืคืชืื ืฉืขืจืื ืืืื ืืื ืฆืืืง ืฉืืืจ ืืืื ืื, ืื ืชืืงืจื ืฉืืืจ ืืืื ืื ืืื ืฉืืืืจืื ืืื, ืืื ืืื ืืืจ ืจืณ ืื ืื ื ื-ื ืืื ื ืืืืด, [ืคืืจืฉืดื ืื ืืขืื ืขื ืืืจืื ืฉืืื ื-ื ืืื ื ืืื].
ืืคืืจืฉ ืจืฉืดื ืขื ืืคืกืืง ืฉื ืืืฉืขืื: ืดืคืชืื ืฉืขืจืื ืืืื ืืื ืฆืืืง ืฉืืืจ ืืืื ืื” – ืคืชืื ืฉืขืจืื ืฉืื [ืฉื ืืจืืฉืืื], ืืืื ืืชืืื ืืื ืฆืืืง, ืฉืืืจ ืฉืฉืืจ ืืฆืืคื ืืืืืชื ืืืื ืจืืื ืืืืื ืชื ืฉื ืืงืืดื ืฉืืงืืื ืืืืืชื ืฉืืืืื ืขืคืดื ื ืืืืื ืืืืื.
ืื ืืฉืขืจืื ืคืชืืืื, ืืื ืฉืฉืืืจ ืืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืืงืื ืืฆืืืช, ืืืื ืกืืื ืืืืื ืืืฉืืดืช ืฉืืงืืื ืืืืืชื, ืืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืจืืืช ืืืืืจืืช ืืชืืจื.
โซโชParshaโฌโฌ โซโชPreview
Harav Hagaon Yosef Elefant Shlita
An Adam Keeps Growing
Parashas Bechukosai
Harav Hagaon Yosef Elefant shlita
The words ืึดื ืึฐึผืึปืงึนึผืชึทื ืชึตึผืึตืืึผ are interpreted by Chazal as a reference to ameilus baTorah: ืฉืชืืื ืขืืืื ืืชืืจื. We can ask, however, where in this passuk is there an allusion to ameilus baTorah? Furthermore, why would all the brachos and klalos be dependent on ameilus baTorah alone?
We can ask a similar question regarding the passuk in Iyov that says, ืึธืึธื ืึฐืขึธืึธื ืืึผืึธึผื, which Chazal interpret as a reference to ameilus baTorah as well. Is that really what a person is born for?
The Maharal, in a number of places, wonders why a human being is called adam. True, he was created from the adamah, but so were all living things. Why, of all the creations, is a human being called adam?
The Maharal explains that what differentiates an adam from a beheimah is that the human being represents growth, while the animal represents stagnation. The word beheimah, says the Maharal, comes from the words bah mah โ what there is, thatโs what there is. Or, as they say in Hebrew, ืื ืื ืฉืืฉ. Animals donโt grow. The Gemara says, in Bava Kamma, that a day-old ox is called an ox, and a day-old ram is called a ram.
A human being is called adam because the essence of the adamah is the potential for growth, and that potential for growth is what defines a human being. Whereas a beheimah is incapable of growth or change, the essence of an adam is constant growth and bringing out the potential.
R’ Yerucham, in Devarim, notes that even ten minutes after a kitten is born, if a truck rumbles by, the kitten will jump back reflexively. In contrast, a human, even a year after it is born, will not be able to escape the truck. Is a cat smarter than a human being? No, but a cat is born with fully developed reflexes, so if the cat would not get run over at age ten, it will not get run over at age ten minutes. In a cat thereโs no growth; thereโs only stagnation. Whatever the cat is, it is. A human, on the other hand, is born totally helpless. This signifies that a human beingโs essence is growth, because he starts at zero and is meant to bring out the potential within him as he grows.
The Greatest Movement Ever
The passuk in Yeshayah describes Avraham Avinu as ืึธืึธืึธื ืึทืึธึผืืึนื ืึธึผืขึฒื ึธืงึดืื โ the greatest human being. Rashi writes, at the beginning of Iyov, that the two heiโs in this phrase โ ืึธืึธืึธื ืึทืึธึผืืึนื โ add up to ten, corresponding to the ten nisyonos he overcame. What does that have to do with being ืึธืึธืึธื ืึทืึธึผืืึนื ืึธึผืขึฒื ึธืงึดืื?
The Ramban says, in Parashas Vaโeira, that the purpose of a nisayon is not for Hakadosh Baruch Hu to test the person; Hakadosh Baruch Hu does not need to test anyone. Rather, the purpose of a nisayon is to bring out the personโs potential. When a person faces a challenge thatโs beyond his comfort zone, that enables him to bring out kochos that he normally wouldnโt utilize or access. The fact that Avraham Avinu withstood the ten nisyonos means that he actualized all his kochos, and he is therefore called ืึธืึธืึธื ืึทืึธึผืืึนื ืึธึผืขึฒื ึธืงึดืื, the ultimate human being, since the essence of a human being is to bring out oneโs kochos more and more, not to stagnate.
In this vein, the Maharal explains that the passuk ืึธืึธื ืึฐืขึธืึธื ืืึผืึธึผื means that an adam, who represents growth, is born for amal. A field may contain endless potential for growth, but unless someone is willing to plow and sweat and work the field and harvest, nothing will grow. Similarly, although a human possesses infinite potential, in the absence of ameilus, nothing will become of him; his human existence will be a total failure. A person was born and created for ameilus, because that is what defines a human being.
We can now understand what Chazal meant when they expounded the words ืึดื ืึฐึผืึปืงึนึผืชึทื ืชึตึผืึตืืึผ as a reference to ameilus baTorah.
When the Torah says ืชึตึผืึตืืึผ, it implies that a person needs to progress and move past his comfort zone. How, Chazal say, do you progress and not stagnate? It must be through amal โ ameilus baTorah. This is the very definition of adam.
The Sfas Emes notes that the first recorded conversation in the Torah between Hakadosh Baruch Hu and Avraham Avinu is when Hashem told him, โLech lecha.โ Why, he asks, is that the opening theme of Hashemโs communication with Avraham Avinu? The answer is that the essence of a human being is to make progress and not stay in one place, so when Hashem first spoke to Avraham Avinu โ ืึธืึธืึธื ืึทืึธึผืืึนื ืึธึผืขึฒื ึธืงึดืื โ the message was one of โLech lecha.โ Indeed, there was no one in history who moved out of his comfort zone more than Avraham Avinu, because every other person after him had someone to guide him, whereas Avraham came from nowhere โ ืืฉ ืืืื. His was the ultimate level of progress, the epitome of moving out of oneโs comfort zone, since he had no support system and no one to push or prod him. Even so, his whole essence was movement and progress, so he was the ultimate initiator. Thatโs why he is โAvinu.โ
Lech lecha was the defining moment in Avraham Avinuโs life. He was the ultimate mover. Similarly, all the brachos and klalos depend on whether a person is an adam or a beheimah. An adam is supposed to make progress โ ืชึตึผืึตืืึผ โ and if thereโs no movement, thereโs stagnation, which is reflected in the universe around him.
R’ Yerucham writes, in this parashah, that the essence of the klalos of Bechukosai is Hashem, as it were, putting โspokes in the wheelsโ of nature. The rain is supposed to fall, and things are meant to grow โ but when Hashem puts these spokes in the wheels, everything slows down, and thereโs no progress. Instead of produce growing in a month or two, it takes a year or two. Instead of rain falling, say, once a month, it falls once a year. When human beings do not move โ ืชึตึผืึตืืึผ โ then, middah kโneged middah, Hakadosh Baruch Hu causes the universe to stagnate. If people just go through the motions and remain mediocre, Hakadosh Baruch Hu โgoes through the motionsโ as well.
A Crowning Achievement
We all know the Midrash about how, before Mattan Torah, Hakadosh Baruch Hu went around to all the nations and offered them the Torah, which they refused on the grounds that ืื ืชืจืฆื and ืื ืชืื ื and ืื ืชื ืืฃ were not for them.
We generally understand that this Midrash means that the nations refused the Torah on ideological grounds, claiming not to believe in these precepts.
The Shem MiShmuel teaches, however, that the nations were not arguing with the actual precepts; rather, they claimed that they could not step out of their comfort zones โ like a beheimah, bah mah. โWe are who we are,โ they said. โืื ืชืจืฆื and ืื ืชืื ื and ืื ืชื ืืฃ are who we are. Weโre stuck โ we canโt raise the bar.โ
But when Hakadosh Baruch Hu approached Klal Yisrael and offered them the Torah, they responded with naaseh vโnishma. Rashi (Shabbos 88a) notes that they didnโt even know if they could do it, yet they resolved not to be stagnant, but to up their game and move higher. So the entire kabbalas haTorah was based on Klal Yisraelโs willingness to move out of their comfort zone and strive for something thatโs a little above their pay grade. In response, Hakadosh Baruch Hu says to Klal Yisrael: ืืชื ืงืจืืืื ืืื โ you were ready to make a move and bring out your potential rather than remain mediocre.
The Gemara (ibid.) says that at the time of Mattan Torah, Klal Yisrael received two crowns, one for naaseh and one for nishma. The Sfas Emes says that a crown is worn above the head, signifying that Klal Yisrael rose above themselves when they declared naaseh v’nishma. Because they expressed their willingness to reach beyond their limitations and not be confined by them, Hakadosh Baruch Hu gave them the crown of Torah.
Gut Shabbos.