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ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•

Levinshtein, Maran Hamashgiach Hagaon Harav Yechezkel ztโ€l

ื•ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื“ื” ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื• ื‘ืื—ื“ ืœื—ื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื•ื™ืชื™ืœื“ื• ืขืœ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื ืœื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ืชื (ื,ื™ื—)

ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉ”ื™: ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืกืคืจื™ ื™ื—ื•ืกื™ื”ื ื•ืขื™ื“ื™ ื—ื–ืงืช ืœื™ื“ืชื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืขืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื˜.

ืื•ืžืจ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ื”ื’ื””ืฆ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืœื•ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื”: ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืชื‘ื˜ืœ ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืœื—ื–ืง ืžืžื ื•, ื•ื›”ืฉ ื›ืฉื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืขื‘ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื–ืง. ื•ืจื•ืื™ื ืื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ืฉื›ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื ืื“ื ืขืฉื™ืจ ื•ื›ื“ื•’ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืžื™ื“ ื ื˜ื™ื” ืœื—ื ื•ืคื”, ืขืœ ืื—ืช ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื• ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ืืจืฅ ืœื ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœืื‘ื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ืฆื•ืจืชื ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช, ืœื”ื˜ืžืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื“ืจื›ื™ื”ื.

ืืš ื ืก ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืขืฆื•ื ืขืฉื” ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืขื ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื›ื•ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืื• ืœืžืฆืจื™ื, ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ื•ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื ื—ืชื ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ื•ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืกืœืงื, ื•ื”ื™ื• ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ืกืคืจื™ ื™ื—ื•ืกื™ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืœื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื”ื ืฉื•ื ืฉืชื•ืงื™ ื•ืฉื•ื ืืกื•ืคื™.

ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืงื‘”ื” ื‘ืจื—ืžื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืžืจ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืชื• ืœืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื, ื•ื—ื™ืฉื‘ ืืช ื”ืงืฅ ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืžืขื•ืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ืฉืขืช ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื•ืœื ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื™ืื”, ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื›ืš ืฉืžืจ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืฉืœื ื™ืชื‘ื•ืœืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื. ื•ื–ื” ื’ื ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื’ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืคืกื— “ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉื•ืžืจ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืชื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื, ืฉื”ืงื‘”ื” ื—ื™ืฉื‘ ืืช ื”ืงืฅ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืžื” ืฉืืžืจ ืœืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืชืจื™ื”.

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื

Levovitz, Maran Hamashgiach Hagaon Harav Yeruchem ztโ€l

ืฉืžื™ืจืช ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž’ืžืฉืžืจื•ืช’
ืกื™ืคืจ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืจื•ื—ื ืœื™ื•ื•ืื•ื™ืฅ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื”: ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื•ื•ืœื•ื–’ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื ื”ื•ื’ ืœืขืจื•ืš “ืžืฉืžืจื•ืช”. ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื—ืœืงื™ื ืืช ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื™ืžืžื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื•ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืžืฉืžืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ื”ืœื™ืœื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืืฃ ืœื ืœืจื’ืข ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ืžื ื”ื’ ื–ื” ื‘ื ืžื™ืกื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืžืจืŸ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื•ื•ืœื•ื–’ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื”, ืืฉืจ ื”ืกืชืžืš ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื ืขืœ ืžืืžืจ ื—ื–”ืœ ืฉืืžืจื• )ืกืคืจื™ ื–ื•ื˜ื ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื—, ื“) “ืื™ื ื• ื“ื•ืžื” ืคืœื˜ืจื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืœืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืคืœื˜ืจื™ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื”. ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” โ€“ ืงื‘ืข ืžืจืŸ ื”ื’ืจ”ื— ืžื•ื•ืœื•ื–’ื™ืŸ – ื”ื™ื ืคืœื˜ืจื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืœืš! ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื” ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื. ื”ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ื•ืขืžืœื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืชืœื™ื”! ื•ื”ืฉืžื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื “ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืคืงื“ ืœืขื™ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ืœื””.

ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ื”ื’ื””ืฆ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืจื•ื—ื ื–ืฆ”ืœ ื•ืืžืจ ื‘ืฉื™ื—ืชื• ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ืืฃ ืื ื• ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื ื• ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ืžื ื”ื’ ื–ื” ื•ืœืขืจื•ืš “ืžืฉืžืจื•ืช” ื‘ื”ื™ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”. ืื•ืœื ืœื ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื›ืš, ื•ื–ืืช ืžื”ื˜ืขื ื›ื™ ืžืขื•ืœื ืื™ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ืžืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•, ื•ืื ื• ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ืžืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื›ืŸ.

ื™ืชืจื” ืžื›ืš, ืžื ื”ื’ ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืฉืชื‘ื•ื ืžืžื ื• ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ “ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื””, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื, ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉืœ “ืฉืžื™ืจืช ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื””, ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขื ื™ืŸ “ื”ืžืฉืžืจื•ืช”.

ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืœื›ื”

Shpitzer, Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shlita

ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ

ื‘ื”ืžืช ื”ืœื•ื™ื ืชื—ืช ื›ืœ ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื”ืžืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื’ืžืจื ื“ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืžื” ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื ืื”. ื•ื“ื ื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืžืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื”ื ืชืคืœื™ืŸ, ืื™ ื›ืฉืจื™ื ื›ืฉื ืขืฉื• ืžืขื•ืจ ื‘ื›ื•ืจ. ื•ืข’ ืื‘ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—”ื– ื–’ ื“ื“ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ืื™ืกื•ื””ื  ืืš ืื•ืœื™ ื ื™ืžื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืื• ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ื ื™ืชื ื•. ื•ื“ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืชื•ืชื™ ืžื™ื›ืชืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื” ื•ืขืค”ื™ ืชื•ืก’ ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื ืข”ื ื“ืื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืกืงื™ืœื” ืคืกื•ืœ. ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื“ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื™ ืขื•ื ื’ ื™ื•”ื˜ ืฆ”ื“ ื“ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืื™ืกื•ื””ื  ื›ืžื• ื“ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉื• ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ืžืžืฉื™ื‘ ื“ื‘ืจ ืข”ื“ ืœื”ืงืœ.

ื•ืข’ ืื‘ื™ ืขื–ืจื™ ื‘ื”ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืœ’ ืกื•ื›ื” ืค”ื” (ื•ื—ื–ืจ ืžืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืžื”ื“ื•”ืง ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ, ื•ื›ืืŸ ื›ืชื‘) ืœืคืกื•ืœ ืžื””ื˜ ื‘ืฉืืœืช ื‘”ื” ื™”ื ื•’ ื‘ื’ื–ืœ ื•ืื—”ื› ืฉื™ืœื ื•ื“ืŸ ื‘”ื” ืžืฉื•ื ืชื•ืœืž”ื” ื•ื‘ืื‘ื™ ืขื–ืจื™ ืคื•ืกืœ ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ืœืฉืžื”. ื•ื”ืงืฉื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื”ื› ืื™ืš ืžื”ื ื™ ืชืงื ืช ืžืจื™ืฉ ื•ื›ืž”ืฉ ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื“ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ืฉืœื• ืืœื ืžื›ื ื™ืกืช ื”ื—ื’. ื•ืขื•ื“ ื”ืขื™ืจื• ืžื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื›’ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื• ืขืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ื”ื ืื” ื“ื›ืฉืจ ื•ื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืœืฉืžื”, ื•ื“ื—ื• ื›ื™ ืฉื ืขื›”ืค ื”ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœื•.

ื•ืข’ ืžื ื—”ื™ ื—”ื˜ ืง”ื– ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื ื‘ืื•ื–ืŸ, ื“ืœื ื“ื™ ื‘ื–ื” ื›ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื“ืฉื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืชืฉื™ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ื’ืจื™ืก ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื ื’ืขื™ื ืค”ื• ืž”ื, ื•ื”ืจื™ ื’ืจื™ืก ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื™ื’ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื˜ืจ ื›”ื ืžื™ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ืจ, ื”ื•ื ืžืจื•ื‘ืข ืฉืœ ื™”ื˜ ืขืœ ื™”ื˜, ื•ื ืžืฆื ื ืงื‘ ื‘ืื•ื–ืŸ ืฉืœ ื“’ ืž”ืž ืขืœ ื•’ ืž”ืž ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ ืงื˜ืŸ. ื•ืข’ ืื‘ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื ”ืœ ื“ืคืฉื™ื˜ื ืœื™ื” ืฉื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื“ืฉื” ืฉืืžืจื• ื‘ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช, ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื”ื ืจื•ื—ื‘ ืขื™ื’ื•ืœ ื ืงื‘ ื›ืจื•ื—ื‘ ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœ ืขื“ืฉื”, ื›ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื“ื›ืœ ื ืงื‘ ื”ื•ื ืขื™ื’ื•ืœ, ื•ื“ืœื ื›ืžื ื—”ื™, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœ ืขื“ืฉื” ื™ื•ืฆื ืž’ ืž”ืž ืžืจื•ื‘ืข, ืž”ืž ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืขื™ื’ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื ืงื‘ ื“ื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืœ’ ืž”ืž ืžืจื•ื‘ืข, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืก”ืœ ื“ื ืงื‘ ืžืจื•ื‘ืข ืฉืœ ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช ื‘ื–ื””ื– ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืจื•ื‘ืข ืฉืœ ื”’ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืž”ืž ืขืœ ื”’ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืž”ืž ื”ื•ื™ ืžื•ื.

ืœืงืจืืช ื™ื•ื ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”

Chodosh, Maran Hamashgiach Hagaon Harav Aaron ztโ€l

ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื™ืชืจื• “ื‘ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืœืฆืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืืจืฅ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืื• ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืกื™ื ื™”, ื•ื‘ืจืฉ”ื™ ืฉื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื—ื–”ืœ: ‘ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื” – ื‘ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืœื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื, ืžื”ื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื”, ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืขืœื™ืš ื›ืืœื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื ืชื ื•’, ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ ืืœื ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื•ืฉื ื” ื”ื”ืืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช ื•ื›ื“ืื™ืชื ื‘ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ (ืจืข”ื) ‘ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื™ื• ืงื•ืจื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื•ืฉื ื” ื•ืื ื™ ืžืขืœื” ืขืœื™ื›ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ืืชื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื ืืžืจ “ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืื• ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืกื™ื ื™”.

ื•ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืžื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื•ืื™ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœย  ืฉื”ื•ื ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช “ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืขืจื‘ ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™” ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืจืฉ”ื™ ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื”’ ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื’ืžืจ ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืชื ื” ืขืžื”ื ืข”ืž ืฉื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ืžืฉื” ื—ื•ืžืฉื™ ืชื•ืจื”. ื“”ื ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืชืœื•ื™ื ื•ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืขื“ ื™ื•ื “ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™” ื”ื•ื ื•’ ื‘ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืืžืจ “ืื ืœื ื‘ืจื™ืชื™ ื™ื•ืžื ื•ืœื™ืœื” ื—ื•ืงื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ ืœื ืฉืžืชื™”.

ื•ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืื‘ื•ืช ืคืดื• ืž”ื‘ ‘ืืžืจ ืจ’ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ืœื•ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื‘ืช ืงื•ืœ ืžื”ืจ ื—ื•ืจื‘ ื•ืžื›ืจื–ืช ืื•ื™ ืœื”ื ืœื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืขืœื‘ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื ืงืจื ื ื–ื•ืฃ ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ื›ื•”, ื•ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืช ืงื•ืœ ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ืžืžื™ืœื ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืช ืงื•ืœ ืžื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืงื‘ืœื ื• ื‘ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™.

 

ื ื‘ื™ื ื›ืžื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื—ื–”ืœ ืฉืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื”ื ืžื”ื™ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžื–ื” ื ื“ืข ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœย  ืฉืœ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”.

 

ืื™ืชื ื‘ื’ืž’ ื‘ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ (ื“ืฃ ื ”ื“) ‘ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ืžืชื ื” ืžืื™ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ืžืžื“ื‘ืจ ืžืชื ื” ืื ืžืฉื™ื ืื“ื ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื“ืฉื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืชืœืžื•ื“ื• ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื• ื•ืื ืœืื• ืื™ืŸ ืชืœืžื•ื“ื• ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื•’, ื•ื›ืขื™”ื– ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืจื‘ื” ืคืจืฉืช ื™ืชืจื• ‘ื•ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ื”’ ืืœ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ืœืžื” ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ืืœื ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื” ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืคืงืจ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื›ืš ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืกื™ื ื™’, ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืชื ืื™ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื” ืฉื”ืื“ื ืžืฉื™ื ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื›ื”ืคืงืจ, ื•ืžื”ื• ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืคืงืจย  ืฉื”ืื“ื ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืืช ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

ื•ื”ื”ืคืงืจ ื”ื–ื” ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉื”ืื“ื ืฉืงื•ืข ื›ื•ืœื• ื•ืขืžืœ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ, ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื”ื• ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืจืฉ”ื™ ืจื™ืฉ ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ื—ื•ืงื•ืชื™ ‘ืื ื‘ื—ื•ืงื•ืชื™ ืชืœื›ื• ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืขืžืœื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”’, ื•ืœืื™ื“ืš ื’ื™ืกื ‘ืื ืœื ืชืฉืžืขื• ืœื™- ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืžืœื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”’.

ื•ื“ื’ืจืช ื”ืขืžืœื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืืจืช ื‘ื—ื–”ืœ ืฉื ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ (ื•ื™ืง”ืจ) “ืื ื‘ื—ื•ืงืชื™ ืชืœื›ื•” ื”ื“ื””ื“ “ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืจื’ืœื™ ืืœ ืขื“ื•ืชื™ืš” ืืžืจ ื“ื•ื“ ืข”ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืจื‘ืฉ”ืข ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื•ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืœืžืงื•ื ืคืœื•ื ื™ ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš, ืœื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืจื” ืคืœื•ื ื™ืช ื•ื›ื•’ ื•ื”ื™ื• ืจื’ืœื™ ืžื‘ื™ืื•ืช ืื•ืชื™ ืœื‘ืชื™ ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชื™ ืžื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื””ื“ “ื•ืืฉื™ื‘ื” ืจื’ืœื™ ืืœ ืขื“ื•ืชื™ืš”, ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืขืžืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื›”ื› ื ืขืœื™ืช ืฉื”ืื“ื ืžืืœื™ื• ื ืžืฉืš ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

 

ื‘ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ (ืชืจืค”ื“) ืื™ืชื ‘ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืงื‘ืœื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ืชืงื ืื• ืื•ื””ืข ื‘ื”ื ื•ืืžืจื• ืžื” ืจืื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ืชืงืจื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช, ืกืชื ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืคื™ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืกืคืจ ื™ื•ื—ืกื™ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื ื•ื›ื•’, ื”ื ืœืžื“ืช ืฉืœื ื–ื›ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืœื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืกืคืจ ื™ื•ื—ืกื™ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื ื•ื›ื•’.

ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืกืคืจ ื”ื™ื•ื—ืกื™ืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

ื•ื ืจืื” ืขืค”ื™ ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื’ืž’ ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ (ื“ืฃ ืœ) ‘ืืžืจ ืจื™ื‘”ืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื ื• ืชื•ืจื” ืžืขืœื” ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ืืœื• ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืžื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ืฉื ื’ “ื•ื”ื•ื“ืขืชื ืœื‘ื ื™ืš ื™ื•ื ืืฉืจ ืขืžื“ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”’ ืืœื•ืงื™ื›ื ื‘ื—ื•ืจื‘”, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจื” ืื™ืš ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื•ื ืข”ื™ ืžื” ืฉืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื.

ืœืžื“ื ื• ื›ืืŸ ืฉื”ืžืกื•ืจื” ืฉื ืžืกืจืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืš ืœืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื•ืขื™”ื– ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ืฉื”ืงื‘ืดื” ื ืฉื‘ืข ืฉืœื ืชืฉื›ื— ืชื•ืจื” ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืข”ื› ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืฉื™ื™ืš ืจืง ืืฆืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื™ื•ื—ืกื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืฉ ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืกืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืื‘ ืœื‘ืŸ ื•ืžืจื‘ ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ ืื‘ืœ ืœืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืื™ืŸย  ื™ื—ืก ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืœื ืžื•ืกืจื™ื ืžื“ื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ืจ.

ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ‘ื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื ื• ื‘ื™ื ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ืœ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื•ืœืœืžื“’ ืฉื”’ืœืœืžื“’ ื”ื•ื ื™ืกื•ื“ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืœืžื“ ื•ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื“ื•ื“ ืœื“ื•ืจ.

ื•ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื›ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื”ืชื•ืก’ ื‘ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” (ื“ืฃ ื˜ืดื•) ืืช ื”ืžืขืฉื” ืžืื‘ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืืœื™ืฉืข (ืื—ืจ) ืื‘ื•ื™ื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ื ืœืžื•ื”ืœื™ ืงืจื ืœื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืฉื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืื—ื“ ื•ืœืจ”ื ื•ืจ’ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ืžืŸ ื“ืื›ืœื™ืŸ ื•ืฉืชื™ืŸ ืฉืจื™ืŸ ืžื˜ืคื—ื™ื ื•ืžืจืงื“ื™ื, ืืžืจื™ ืขื“ ื“ืืœื™ืŸ ืขืกืงื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื”ื• ื ืขืกืง ื‘ื“ื™ื“ืŸ, ื™ืฉื‘ื• ื•ื ืชืขืกืงื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื™ืจื“ื” ืืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื”ืงื™ืคื” ืื•ืชืŸ, ืืžืจ ืœืŸ ืื‘ื•ื™ื” ืื‘ื ื’ื‘ืจื™ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ืืชื ืœืฉืจื•ืฃ ืืช ื‘ื™ืชื™, ืืžืจื• ืœื• ื—ืก ื•ืฉืœื•ื ืืœื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืœื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื•ื›ื•’ ื•ื”ื™ื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžื—ื™ื ื›ื ืชื™ื ืชืŸ ืžืกื™ื ื™, ืœื ื‘ืืฉ ื ืชื ื• ื•ื›ื•’.

ื•ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื›ืฉืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืขืžื™ืœื•ืช ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื›ื ืชื™ื ืชืŸ ืžืกื™ื ื™ ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ืžืžืฉ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืืžืช ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœืคื™ ื“ืจื’ืชื• ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื–ื”ย  ืข”ื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืขืžืœ ื•ื™ื’ื™ืขื”.

ืžืฆืื ื• ื‘ื’ืž’ ื›ืžื” ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืฉื” ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื’ืž’ ื‘ืคืกื—ื™ื (ื“ืฃ ืก”ื—) ‘ื”ืจ ืืœืขื–ืจ ื”ื›ืœ ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื“ื‘ืขืฆืจืช ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื ืžื™ ืœื›ื ืž”ื˜ ื™ื•ื ืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ื‘ื• ืชื•ืจื”… ืจ’ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื™ื•ืžื ื“ืขืฆืจืชื ืืžืจ ืขื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืœื™ ืขื’ืœื ืชื™ืœืชื ืืžืจ ื“ืื™ ืœืื• ื”ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืžื ื“ืงื ื’ืจื™ื ื›ืžื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืื™ื›ื ื‘ืฉื•ืงื’, ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉ”ื™ ‘ืื™ ืœืื• ื”ืื™ ื™ื•ืžื – ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื ืชืจื•ืžืžืชื™’, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ืฆื•ืจื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืืœื• ืฉืœื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื•ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืื—ืจืช.

 

ืขื•ื“ ืžืฆืื ื• ื‘ื’ืž’ ื‘ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ (ื“ืฃ ืฆ”ื˜) ‘ืืคื™ืงื•ืจืก ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžืืŸ ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื™ ื“ืืžืจื™ ืžืื™ ืื”ื ื• ืœืŸ ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ืœื“ื™ื“ื”ื• ืงืจื•, ืœื“ื™ื“ื”ื• ืชื ื•. ื”ืœ ืื‘ื™ื™ ื”ืื™ ืžื’ืœื” ืคื ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืื ืœื ื‘ืจื™ืชื™ ื•ื›ื•’, ืืžืจ ืจื ื‘”ื™ ืžื”ื›ื ื ืžื™ ืฉืžืข ืžื™ื ื” ืฉื ืืžืจ “ื•ื ืฉืืชื™ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจื”. ืœืžื“ื ื• ืžื›ืืŸ ืืช ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ืœื•ืžื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.

 

ื•ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื’ืž’ ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ (ื“ืฃ ืœ) ‘ืช”ืจ “ื•ืฉื ื ืชื ืœื‘ื ื™ืš” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืžื—ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื‘ืคื™ืš ืฉืื ื™ืฉืืœืš ืื“ื ืืœ ืชื’ืžื’ืžื ื•ืชืืžืจ ืœื• ืืœื ืืžื•ืจ ืœื• ืžื™ื“ ืฉื ื’ “ืืžื•ืจ ืœื—ื›ืžื” ืื—ื•ืชื™ ืืช” ื•ืื•ืžืจ ื•ื›ื•’ ื•ืื•ืžืจ “ืืฉืจื™ ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ืืฉืจ ืžื™ืœื ืืช ืืฉืคืชื• ืžื”ื ืœื ื™ื‘ื•ืฉื• ื›ื™ ื™ื“ื‘ืจื• ืืช ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉืขืจ”, ื•ืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžืœื ืืช ืืฉืคืชื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื‘ื•ืฉื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉืขืจ ืฉื™ื“ืข ื•ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืžื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืง ืข”ื™ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ืขืกืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขืชื”.

ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื“ืข ืฉืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืฆืžื™ ืืœื ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืกืคืช ืžืขืœื” ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขืฆืžื” ื•ื›ื“ืื™ืชื ื‘ื’ืž’ ื‘ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ (ื“ืฃ ืž”ื‘) ‘ื›ื™ ื‘ืชื—ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืชืขืฉื” ืœืš ืžืœื—ืžื” ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืื—ื ื‘ืจ ื—ื ื™ื ื ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืืกื™ ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ ืืชื” ืžื•ืฆื ืžืœื—ืžืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื“ื• ื—ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉื ื” ืงืจื™ ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืื ืคืฉื™ื” ื•ืจื‘ ืชื‘ื•ืื•ืช ื‘ื›ื— ืฉื•ืจ’, ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉ”ื™ ืฉื ‘ืœื ื›ืื“ื ื”ืžืคื•ืœืคืœ ื•ืžื—ื•ื“ื“ ื•ื‘ืขืœ ืกื‘ืจื ื•ืœื ืœืžื“ ืžืฉื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ื™ ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื™ืชื’ืœื” ื”ืกื•ื“, ืืœื ื‘ื‘ืขืœ ืžืฉื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื• ื˜ืขื ื‘ื›ืืŸ ื™ืœืžื“ื ื• ืžืชื•ืš ืžืฉื ื” ืื—ืจืช’.

 

ื•ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ืชื™ ืžื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื–ื” ื”ืžืฉืš ืฉืœ ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™, ื•ืžืฉื” ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืกืจื”.. ื•ื‘ืดื” ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืš ื•ืืช ื”ืžืกื™ืจื” ืžื“ื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืชื ื• ื”ืงื“’ ื•ื ืฉืžืขื™ื ื‘ื” ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจืงื™ื ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื™ืจืื”.

 

 

ืื‘ืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื›ื”ื›ื ื” ืœื–ื” ืžืฉ”ื› ื‘ื—ื–”ืœ ืขื””ืค ‘ื›ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ ืื—ื“’ ืฉื”ืฆื•ืจื” ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืข”ื™ ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื• ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ (ืจืข”ื’) “ื“ืจื›ื™ื” ื“ืจื›ื™ ื ื•ืขื ื•ื›ืœ ื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœื•ื”, ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืœื™ืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื• ื—ืœื•ืงื™ื ืืœื• ืขืœ ืืœื• ื”ื™ื• ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื‘ืžืจื™ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื™ื• ื—ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืจื™ื‘ื”, ื›ืฉื‘ืื• ืœืกื™ื ื™ ื”ื•ืฉื•ื• ื›ื•ืœื ืื’ื•ื“ื” ืื—ืช ื•ื›ื•’ ื•ื ืขืฉื• ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื ืื—ืช ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื” ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืœืžื™ ืื ื™ ื ื•ืชื ื” ืœืื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืฉืœื•ื ื”ื•ื™ ื”ื””ื“ “ื›ืœ ื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœื•ื”.

ืืœื• ื“ืจื›ื™ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืชื ื• ื”ืง’ ื›ืš ื—ื•ื ื›ื ื• ื•ื›ืš ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื ื™ืขื–ืจื ื• ื”’ ืฉื ื–ื›ื” ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืฉื ื–ื›ื” ืœื’ืื•ืœื” ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืืžืŸ.

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Parashas Bamidbar

Harav Hagaon Binyamin Cohen shlita

Parashas Bamidbar begins with the mitzvah to count Klal Yisrael. Rashi notes that this was the third time in a short period that Hashem counted Bnei Yisrael. Clearly, then, the purpose of the counting wasnโ€™t to know how many people there were. So what was the purpose? Rashi explains that out of Hashemโ€™s love, He constantly counts His people: ืžึดืชึผื•ึนืšึฐ ื—ึดื‘ึธึผืชึธืŸ ืœึฐืคึธื ึธื™ื• ืžื•ึนื ึถื” ืื•ึนืชึธื ื›ึธึผืœ ืฉึธืืขึธื”.

The mefarshim illustrate this with a mashal: A rich man has many gold coins, and he counts his coins repeatedly. Even though he knows how many there are, he counts them out of enjoyment and love for his money. Similarly, Hakadosh Baruch Huโ€™s love for Klal Yisrael is so great that even when there is no need to know how many Yidden there are, He nevertheless counts them, out of His affection for them.

The Ramban (1:45) wonders why the Torah has to tell us how many Yidden there were, and he suggest that perhaps the purpose is for Klal Yisrael to recognize Hashemโ€™s chessed. They arrived in Mitzrayim as a group of 70 people, and they left with so many more. The Ramban goes on to cite a Midrash that says, regarding the words ื‘ึฐึผืžึดืกึฐืคึทึผืจ ืฉึตืืžื•ึนืช ื›ึธึผืœ ื–ึธื›ึธืจ ืœึฐื’ึปืœึฐื’ึฐึผืœึนืชึธื, that the counting had to be done with kavod and gedulah. Therefore, it was not enough to approach the head of a household and ask him how many children he had. Every Yid had to pass by Moshe Rabbeinu, and that is the meaning of ืœึฐื’ึปืœึฐื’ึฐึผืœึนืชึธื โ€” every head. Thatโ€™s how the counting was performed with kavod.

How was it done with gedulah? This seems to mean that the counting was uplifting. The word gadol doesnโ€™t necessarily mean big; it also means chashuv, as the passuk states, ื›ึดึผื™ ืžึดื™ ื’ื•ึนื™ ื’ึธึผื“ื•ึนืœ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืœื•ึน ืึฑืœึนืงึดื™ื ืงึฐืจึนื‘ึดื™ื ืึตืœึธื™ื•. Klal Yisrael is called a โ€œbigโ€ nation, even though, in raw numbers, we are the smallest nation. Gadol here means chashuv. Similarly, in Shemoneh Esrei we say, ืชึฐึผืงึทืข ื‘ึฐืฉืื•ึนืคึธืจ ื’ึธึผื“ื•ึนืœ ืœึฐื—ึตืจื•ึผืชึตื ื•ึผ, and Tanna Dvei Eliyahu explains that the โ€œbig shofarโ€ is the right horn of the ram used at the Akeidah. The right horn is the more important one, so a โ€œbigโ€ shofar means an important shofar. Likewise, the counting here brought out the gedulah and chashivus of every Yid.

R’ Yerucham Levovitz explains that because Hashem loves Klal Yisrael, He counts them to uplift each individual Yid and highlight each personโ€™s uniqueness.

R’ Shimshon Pincus observes that the fact that the counting was done ื‘ึฐึผืžึดืกึฐืคึทึผืจ ืฉึตืืžื•ึนืช indicates that there were two elements to the counting: the number, and the name. The number relates to the general quantity of the group, whereas the name relates to each individual. The total number of Klal Yisrael is crucial; every Yid counts, and if even one is missing, Klal Yisrael as a whole is deficient. The Midrash teaches, in Parashas Ki Savo, that R’ Shimon bar Yochai said that if one Yid is missing, the Shechinah cannot be there. When the Torah states ื›ึดึผื™ ื‘ึทึผื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึฐึผืืœึดืฉึดืื™ ื™ึตืจึตื“ ื”’ ืœึฐืขึตื™ื ึตื™ ื›ึธืœ ื”ึธืขึธื ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืจ ืกึดื™ื ึธื™, it means that all of Klal Yisrael had to be present. Every Yid is part of Klal Yisrael, and every Yid counts towards the whole. Each personโ€™s name, on the other hand, reflects the chashivus of that person as an individual.

A Prerequisite to Mattan Torah

The Shulchan Aruch uses the phrase ืžื ื• ื•ืขืฆืจื• as an allusion to Parashas Bamidbar being read before Shavuos. Mโ€™nu means count, referring to Parashas Bamidbar, and vโ€™atzru refers to Shavuos, which is called Atzeres.

Why is Bamidbar read before Shavuos? Perhaps it is so that we should internalize, as we go into Shavuos, how much Hashem loves Klal Yisrael and cherishes each individual Yid. A Yid might think that heโ€™s not capable of achieving lofty heights in Torah, but Bamidbar shows us Hashemโ€™s chibah: He counts every Yid.

Every Yid has gadlus. Every Yid is valuable both as part of the whole of Klal Yisrael (bโ€™mispar) and as a unique individual.

May we be zocheh to recognize our own chashivus and feel the affection that Hakadosh Baruch Hu has for us, so that we can be mekabel the Torah bโ€™ahavah.

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