BereishisNoach

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•

ื•ื™ืฉืืจ ืืš ื ื— ื•ืืฉืจ ืืชื• ื‘ืชื‘ื” (ื–,ื›ื’)

ื•ื‘ืจืฉ”ื™: ื”ื™ื” ื’ื•ื ื— ื•ื›ื•ื—ื” ื“ื ืžื˜ื•ืจื— ื”ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื™”ื ืฉืื™ื—ืจ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืืจื™ ื•ื”ื›ื™ืฉื•. ื•ืขืœื™ื• ื ืืžืจ ‘ื”ืŸ ืฆื“ื™ืง ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉื•ืœื’.

ื•ืขื™’ ื‘ืจืžื‘”ืŸ (ื•,ื™ื˜) ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ืืช ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ื˜ื•ืจื— ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื ื— ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ื” ืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ืกื™ื™ื “ืฆื•ื”ื• ืฉื™ืชืขืกืง ื•ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกืชื ื‘ืชื™ื‘ื”, ื•ื™ืฉืชื“ืœ ื‘ื”ื ืฉื™ื—ื™ื• ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉืชื“ืœ ื‘ื ืคืฉื•“.

ื•ืžืงืฉื” ืžืจืŸ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืจื•ื—ื ืœื™ื•ื•ืื•ื™ืฅ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื”: ื”ืœื ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืงื‘”ื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื‘ืขื””ื—, ื•ื ื— “ืื™ืฉ ืฆื“ื™ืง ืชืžื™ื”, ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืžืœืื›ื•ืช ืืœื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœืชื ืŸ ืœืื“ื ื’ืก ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜?

ื‘ืžื“”ืจ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื‘,ื) ืื™ืชื: ‘ื•ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืืจืฅ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื ืžืœืš ืœืฉื“ื” ื ืขื‘ื“’- ืืคื™’ ื”ื•ื ืžืœืš ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื™ื˜ ืžืกื•ืฃ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“ ืกื•ืคื•, ืœืฉื“ื” ื ืขื‘ื“! ืขื‘ื“ืช ืืจืขื ืขื‘ื™ื“ ื•ื›ื•’ ื•ืงืจืงืข ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžื” ื”ื ืื” ื™ืฉ ืœื•, ืข”ื›. ื”ืจื™ ืฉืืคื™’ ืžืœืš ืฉื›ืœ ืชืขื ื•ื’ื•ืช ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื™ื“ื•, ื•ืžื•ืฉืœ ื‘ืฉืจื™ื ื•ืจื•ื–ื ื™ื, ืืขืค”ื› ‘ืžืœืš ืœืฉื“ื” ื ืขื‘ื“ – ืงืจืงืข ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžื” ื”ื ืื” ื™ืฉ ืœื•’, ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืฉื•ื ื”ื ืื” ืœืœื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื–ื•ื™ื”. ื•ืขื™”ืฉ.

ืœืžื“ื™ื ืื ื• ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ืื™ื ื” ืžื”ืฉืจืจื” ื•ื’ื™ื ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ืืœื ื“ื•ืงื ืžืžืœืื›ืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ื•ื”ืจืคืฉ ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื•ื”ืฉืคืœื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืงื‘”ื” ‘ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืœื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื‘ืืจืฅ, ืžืงื™ืžื™ ืžืขืคืจ ื“ืœ ืžืืฉืคื•ืช ื™ืจื™ื ืื‘ื™ื•ืŸ’ โ€“ ืฉื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™”ืช ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืืฉืคืชื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขืคืจ ื•ืฉื ืžืฉืžืฉ ื”ื•ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” โ€“ “ืžืœืš ืœืฉื“ื” ื ืขื‘ื“”.

ื•ืœื›ืš ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื ื— ืื™ืฉ ืฆื“ื™ืง ืชืžื™ื ื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืžืœืื›ื•ืช ื‘ื–ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื•, ื›ื™ ืžืฉืžืฉื•ืช ื–ื• ืขื™ืงืจ ื—ื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื•ืœื ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืจืจื”.

ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื—: “ืคืขื ื‘ืงืœื ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื ืœื•ืงื— ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ืืช ืงืขืจืช ื”ืžื™ื ืฉื ื˜ืœื• ื‘ื” ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื™ื“ื™ื”ื ื•ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœืงื—ืช ืื•ืชื” ืžืžื ื•. ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ืขืœื™ ื”ืกื‘ื ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืงืฉื” ื›ืื•ืžืจ: ื—ื“ืฉ ืืชื”, ืื™ื ืš ื™ื•ื“ืข ื›ืœื•ื ืžื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืชื™ืš. ื–ื”ื• ‘ืžืœืš ืœืฉื“ื” ื ืขื‘ื“'”.

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื

ืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืงื˜ื–’ื•ืฉื

ื‘ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืฉืœ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืœื™ืคืŸ. ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื™ืคืŸ ื”ื ื”ื—ื–ื™ืงื• ื‘ืืฉืจื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ื“ืจืš ื™ืคืŸ ืœืื™ ืงื•ืจืกืื•, ืืš ืชื•ืงืคืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœืขืฉืจื” ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื“ืขืชื ื›ืœืœ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืžืกืข ื”ื ื“ื•ื“ื™ื, ืืš ืžื ื’ื“ ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืคื ื™ ื”ื ื•ืงืฉื” ืื™ื ื• ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ืจื•ื’ ืžืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื•ืงืฆื‘ื”.

ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืจืืฉื™ ื•ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ืžื•”ืจ ืžืืžืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืžืคืœื™ื˜ื™ ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื™ืคืŸ, ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืืช ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืคืŸ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ืืš ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืœื ื”ื•ืขื™ืœื• ื”ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช.

ื’ื ื›ืืŸ ื–ื™ืžื ื” ื”ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ืืช ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื”. ืคืจื•ืค’ ืงื˜ื–’ื•ืฉื (ืงื•ืฆ’ื•ื–’ื™) ืžืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื˜ื•ืงื™ื• ื”ื™ื” ืงืจื•ื‘ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืœื’ื–ืข ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื” ื”ื™ืคื ื™, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื• ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ. ืงื˜ื–’ื•ืฉื ืคืงืคืง ื‘ืฆื“ืงืช ื”ื“ืช ื”ื™ืคื ื™ืช ื•ื—ืงืจ ื“ืชื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช. ื›ืฉืฉืžืข ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืœื™ืคืŸ ื‘ื ืœืจืื•ืชื ื•ืœื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืชื. ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆืจ ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืจื‘ื ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืชืคืขืœ ืžื“ืจื›ื ื•ืžืžื” ืฉืœืžื“ ืžื”ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช.

ื›ืฉืจืฆื• ื”ื™ืคื ื™ื ืœื’ืจืฉ ืืช ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืืจืฆื, ื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืงื˜ื–’ื•ืฉื ืืช ืงืฉืจื™ื• ื•ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืืช ืฉื”ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืคืŸ ืœืžืฉืš ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื ื”.

ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฉืคื™ืขื• ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ืคื ื™ื ืœื—ืกืœ ืืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืชื, ืžื™ื ื” ื”ืงื™ืกืจ ื”ื™ืคื ื™ ื•ืขื“ื” ืฉืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื“ื•”ื— ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื, ืขืœ ื˜ื™ื‘ื, ืขืœ ื ืืžื ื•ืชื, ื“ืชื, ืื•ืจื—ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื•ืชืจื•ืžืชื ืœื—ื‘ืจื”. ื’ื ื›ืืŸ ื”ืชืขืจื‘ ืงื˜ื–’ื•ืฉื ื•ื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืžื›ื™ื ื™ ื”ื“ื•”ื— ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช. ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ืขืœื• ืœื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื• (ื‘ืข”ื” ื ืคืจื˜ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืื—ืจ).

ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืฉื™”ื˜ ื”ื’ื™ืข ืงื˜ื–’ื•ืฉื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืจ, ืฉืžื• ื ืงืจื ืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื. ื‘ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื ืขืจื›ื” ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืืžืจ ืงื˜ื–’ื•ืฉื: ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื ื‘ื™ืคืŸ ื‘ื™ืงืจืชื™ ืืชื›ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ื, ื›ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ืืชื›ื ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™. ื›ืฉืฉืžืขืชื™ ืฉื”ื’ืขืชื ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืขื™ื””ืง ื”ืฉืชื•ืงืงืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ื™ืฆืชื›ื.

ืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื ืคื˜ืจ ื‘ื™ืคืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”’ ื‘ืžืจื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืชืฉืœ”ื“ ื•ืข”ืค ืฆื•ื•ืืชื• ื”ื•ื‘ื ืœืžื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ืชื ืฆื‘”ื”.

ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืœื›ื”

Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shpitzer Shlita

ื”ื“ืกื™ื ืฉืœืงื˜ ืื—ืจ ืจ”ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื–ืจื•ืง

ืข’ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืžืกื•ืคืง ื‘ืคืจื— ืฉืœ ืจื™ื— ืื ื™ืฉ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช. ื•ื™ื“ื•ืข ืžื”ืจื™ืœ”ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื™ืœ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื”ื“ืกื™ื. ื•ืข’ ืžื ื—”ื™ ื—”ื• ืง”ืœ ื’’ ื•ืžื ื—”ืฉ ื ”ื ื›”ื’ ื‘ื˜ืขื ืฉื”ืงื™ืœ ืžื”ืจื™ืœ”ื“ ื‘ื”ื“ืกื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื•ื ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืืœื ืœืžืฆื•ื” ื•ืœื ืœืจื™ื—.

ื•ื›ืขื™”ื– ืžืฉืžืจืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืช ืขืž’ ื›”ื‘ ื•ื‘ืฉื ืื—ื™ื• ืžื˜ืฉืขื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืืชืจื•ื’ ื‘ื–ื””ื– ืื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื ื•ื˜ืข ืื“ืขืช ืžืฆื•ื” ื•ืœื ืœืื›ื™ืœื”, ื•ืข’ ืžื”ืจืฉื“”ื ืกื™’ ืงืฆ”ื‘ ืœืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืชืจื•”ืž ืžื””ื˜, ื•ื“ื™ื™ืง ื›ืŸ ื‘ืจืžื‘”ื ืค”ื‘ ืžืžืขืฉืจ ื””ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืขืฉืจ ืชืขืฉืจ ื•ื›ื•’ ื•ืื›ืœืช. ื•ืข’ ื›ืคื•”ืช ืœ”ื“ ืข”ื‘ ื•ืื•”ืฉ ืค”ื— ืžืœื•ืœื‘ ื””ื‘ ืฉื”ืงืฉื• ืขืœ ืžื”ืจืฉื“”ื ืžื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืขืจืœื” ืค”ื ื””ื, ื“ืฃ ื‘’ ืข”ื, ื•ืจืžื‘”ื ืค”ื™ ืžืžืข”ืฉ ื””ื– ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืชืจื•”ืž. ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ืคื™’ ื”ืื•”ืฉย  ื›ื™ ืืชืจื•ื’ ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื”ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืื›ื™ืœื”, (ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืืชืจื•ื’ ืฉื ื˜ืข ืจืง ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื•ื””ืž, ื•ืข’ ื›ืจื ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืค”ื“ ืกืง”ื’), (ื•ื›ืขื™”ื– ืคื™’ ื”ื—”ืก ืกื•ื›ื” ืœ”ื” ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืจื”ืฉ ืขืจืœื” ื‘’ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื“ื ื˜ืข ืœืœื•ืœื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื”ืชืžืจื™ื ื‘ืขืจืœื”, ื•ืคื™’ ื›ื ”ืœ, ื•ืก”ืœ ื“ื’ื ืœื•ืœื‘ ื‘ืขื™ ืขืฅ ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืชืžืจื™ื). ื•ืขื›”ืค ื‘ื”ื“ืกื™ื ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืœื”ืงืœ.

ืžื™ื”ื• ืขื™ืงืจ ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืจื™ืจื ื•ืข’ ืชืคื”ื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืค”ื’ ืื•ืช ื˜’ ืฉื ืกืชืคืง ื‘ื–ื” ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืืžืจื• ื‘ืกื•ื›ื” ืœ”ื– ื•ื•ื™ืงืจ”ืจ ืœ’ ื“ื”ื“ืก ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืจื™ื—.

ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžื”ืจืฉื“”ื ืฆ”ื‘ ื‘ื–ื” ืืžืื™ ืžืฆื•ื” ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืงื“ื•ืฉื”. ื•ืข’ ืžื ื—”ืฉ ืž”ื‘ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื ืจ ื‘ื”ื›”ื , ื•ื™”ืœ ื“ืฉื ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื“ืœื™ืง ืžืฉื”ื› ื›ืืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ื”ื ื” ื›ื“ืจืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื• ื›ืœืœ.

ื•ื”ื ื” ื›”ื– ื”ืฉ ืœื”ืœื›ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืงืฉื” ืœืคืจืฉ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืขื ืžื”ืจื™ืœ”ื“ ื“ื”ืจื™ ืžื”ืจื™ืœ”ื“ ืžื—ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืœื•ืœื‘ ืืฃ ื“ื”ื™ื•ื ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืžื˜ืื˜ื ืืœื ืœืžืฆื•ื”, ื•ืข”ื› ืœื ืก”ืœ ื›ืžื”ืจืฉื“”ื. ืืœื ืข”ื› ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžืงื™ืœ ื‘ื”ื“ืกื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ืกืคืง ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื“ื‘ืฉืžื™ื.

ืžึตื™ ื ื—

Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Sar haTorah Hagaon Harav Chaim Shmulevitz, ztโ€l

ืดื›ื™ ืžื™ ื ื— ื–ืืช ืœื™ืด (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื ื“,ื˜), ื•ืืžืจื• ื—ื–ืดืœ (ื–ื”ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื‘ื ืืชื” ื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืชืš ืืœ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื”, ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื–,ื) ืฉื ืงืจื ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ืขืœ ืฉืžื•, ืœืคื™ ืฉื›ืฉื ื•ื“ืข ืœื• ืฉื™ื ืฆืœ ื”ื•ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ื•, ืœื ื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื“ื•ืจื• ืฉืœื ื™ื‘ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ. ื•ื”ื ื” ื ื— ืžืกืจ ื ืคืฉื• ืœืงื™ื•ื ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื–ืดืœ (ืชื ื—ื•ืžื ื ื— ืื•ืช ื˜): ืดืืดืจ ืœื•ื™, ื›ืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ื™ืดื‘ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœื ื˜ืขื ื˜ืขื ืฉื™ื ื”, ืœื ื ื— ื•ืœื ื‘ื ื™ื•, ืฉื”ื™ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื–ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ื”ืžื” ื•ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื” ื•ืืช ื”ืขื•ืคื•ืช ื•ื›ื•ืณืณืณ, ื•ืขื™ืณ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืื•ื”ืดื— ื”ืงืณ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื˜,ื’) ืฉื”ื•ืชืจ ืœื ื— ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื˜ืจื— ื•ื™ื’ืข ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืชื™ื‘ื”, ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉื• ืฉืœ ื ื— ืœืงื™ื•ื ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืœื ื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื“ื•ืจื•, ื•ืชืžื•ื” ืžืื“ ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ื”ืชืคืœืœ?

ื•ื”ื ื” ืืคืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœื‘ืืจ, ืขืคืดื™ ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื–ืดืœ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ืคืžืดื˜ ื™ื’, ื•ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืจืฉืดื™ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ื—,ืœื‘) ื•ื–”ืœ: ืดืœืžื” ืขืฉืจื” [ื”ื™ื™ื ื•: ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ื”ืชืคืœืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœื”ืฆืœืช ืกื“ื•ื ืื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืกื“ื•ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืขืฉืจื” ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื), ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืฉืชื™ื™ืจ ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื•ืœื ื ืชืœื” ืœืขื•ืœื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชืืด. ื•ืœื›ืš ืœื ื”ืชืคืœืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืขืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืขืฉืจื” ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื, ื›ื™ ื™ื“ืข ืฉืชืคื™ืœืชื• ืœื ืชืชืงื‘ืœ, ื•ืœืžื“ ื–ืืช ืžื ื— ืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืžืขืฉืจื” ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžื’ื™ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื“ื•ืจื, ื•ืžื˜ืขื ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื’ื ื ื— ืขืฆืžื• ืœื ื”ืชืคืœืœ.

ืืœื, ืฉืื ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื˜ืขืžื• ืฉืœ ื ื— ืฉืœื ื”ืชืคืœืœ, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชืคืœื, ืžืคื ื™ ืžื” ื ืงืจืื• ืžื™ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ืดืžื™ ื ื—ืด ืขืœ ืฉืœื ื”ืชืคืœืœ, ื•ื”ืจื™ ื˜ืขืžื• ืขืžื•, ืฉื™ื“ืข ืฉืชืคื™ืœืชื• ืœื ืชื•ืขื™ืœ. ื•ืžื•ื›ื— ืžื›ืืŸ, ืฉืืขืคืดื› ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ, ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ืงืฉื” ืœืื™ื“ืš ื’ื™ืกื, ืœืžื” ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื ื”ืชืคืœืœ.

ื•ื ืจืื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื“ื”ื ื” ืืžืจื• ื—ื–”ืœ: “ื’ืณ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขืฆื”, ื‘ืœืขื ื™ืขืฅ, ืื™ื•ื‘ ืฉืชืง, ื™ืชืจื• ื‘ืจื—, ื‘ืœืขื ืฉื™ืขืฅ – ื ื”ืจื’ ื‘ื—ืจื‘, ืื™ื•ื‘ ืฉืฉืชืง – ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื, ื™ืชืจื• ืฉื‘ืจื— – ื–ื›ื” ื•ืžื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ื’ื–ื™ืชืด (ืกื•ื˜ื” ื™ื,ื). ื•ื”ื ื”, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื“ืžื•ืช ื›ืœืœ ืืช ื—ื˜ืื• ืฉืœ ืื™ื•ื‘ ืœื—ื˜ืื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืœืขื ืฉื™ืขืฅ, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื›ืฉื ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืœื›ืื•ืจื”, ืฉืขื•ื ืฉื• ื”ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืขื•ื ืฉ ื‘ืœืขื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ืœืขื ื ืขื ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ืชื”, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืื™ื•ื‘ ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืœืดื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืื™ื•ื‘ืด, ืฉื”ื ืงืฉื™ื ืœืื™ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื™ืชื”, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ื–ืดืœ (ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื’,ื‘): “ืืœืžืœื™ ื ื’ื“ื•ื”ื• ืœื—ื ื ื™ื” ืžื™ืฉืืœ ื•ืขื–ืจื™ื” ื”ื•ื• ืคืœื—ื• ืœืฆืœืžืืด, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืืขืดืค ืฉืžืกืจื• ืืช ื ืคืฉื ืœืžื™ืชื”, ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืืดื› ืจื•ืื™ื ืื ื• ืœื›ืื•ืจื”, ื›ื™ ืขื•ื ืฉ ื”ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืขื•ื ืฉ ืžื™ืชื”, ื•ืขืœ ืื—ืช ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืื™ื•ื‘, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื— ื•ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืœื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืืœื•, ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ื˜ืื• ืฉืœ ืื™ื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื” ืงื˜ืŸ ืœืื™ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ืžื—ื˜ืื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืœืขื, ืžืคื ื™ ืžื” ื ืขื ืฉ ื‘ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืขื•ื ืฉ ื—ืžื•ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขื•ื ืฉื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืœืขื ืฉื ืขื ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ืชื”.

ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืืจื ื• ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช [ืขื™’ “ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจ” ืžืืžืจ ื›ื˜], ื›ื™ ืžื›ืืŸ ืœืžื“ื™ื ืื ื• ืืช ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืขืจื›ื ืฉืœ ื”ืดื—ื™ื™ืืด, ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ืืžืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘, ืดืžื” ื™ืชืื•ื ืŸ ืื“ื ื—ื™ืด (ืื™ื›ื” ื’,ืœื˜), ื•ืคื™ืจืฉืดื™ (ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืค,ื‘): ืดืžื” ื™ืชืจืขื ืื“ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืขืœื™ื•, ืื—ืจ ื”ื—ืกื“ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืขืžื• ื‘ื–ืืช ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ืœื• ื—ื™ื™ืืด. ื•ื‘ื™ืืจื ื• ื‘ืืจื•ื›ื”, ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื“ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื—ืกื“ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืขืžื• ื‘ื–ืืช ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ืœื• ื—ื™ื™ื, ืฉื•ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืชืื•ื ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื, ื›ื™ ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืื•ืฉืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืดื—ื™ื™ืืด,ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืจื’ืฉื™ื ื›ืœืœ ื”ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื. ืžืฉืœ ืœืžื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื•ืžื”? ืœืื“ื ืฉื ืคืœื” ื‘ื’ื•ืจืœื• ื–ื›ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ื ืงืฃ ืืฆื‘ืขื•, ื”ืื ื™ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืฉืขืช ืื•ืฉืจ ื–ื• ืฆืขืจ ืื• ื›ืื‘?! ื›ืš ื’ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืืœ ื”ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื.

ืœื›ืŸ ืขืดืค ื”ืืžืช, ืขื ื›ืœ ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื™ื•ื‘, ืขื•ื ืฉื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืœืขื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื›ื™ ืื™ื•ื‘, ืขื ื›ืœ ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื• – ื—ื™ ื”ื•ื! ื•ืžื” ื™ืชืื•ื ืŸ ืื“ื ื—ื™, ื“ื™ ืœื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื™. ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืœืขื ืื™ื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืขื•ื ืฉื• ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื•ื“. ื•ืื ื›ื™ ืœืื“ื ืขืฆืžื• ืงืฉื™ื ื”ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื™ืชื”, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื–ืดืœ ืฉืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื• ืžื™ื™ืกืจื™ื ืืช ื—ื ื ื™ื” ืžื™ืฉืืœ ื•ืขื–ืจื™ื” ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืฆืœื, ืื•ืœื ื‘ืžื”ื•ืชื•, ืขื•ื ืฉ ืžื™ืชื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืขื•ื ืฉ ื”ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉืืžืจ ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš ืขืดื”: “ื™ืกืจ ื™ืกืจื ื™ ื™ึพื” ื•ืœืžื•ืช ืœื ื ืชื ื ื™” (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงื™ื—,ื™ื—).

ื•ืืžืจื• ื—ื–ืดืœ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื” ืคื™ืดื ื™): ืดื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ืืžืจ ืžืฉื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงื‘”ื”, ืจื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ืื ืื™ืŸ ืืชื” ืžื›ื ื™ืก ืื•ืชื™ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ื ื™ื— ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืขื•ื”ืดื– ื•ืื—ื™ื” ื•ืœื ืืžื•ืช ื•ื›ื•’, ืืžืจ ืžืฉื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ืื ืื™ืŸ ืืชื” ืžื›ื ื™ืก ืื•ืชื™ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ื ื— ืื•ืชื™ ื›ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื“ื”, ืฉื”ื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืขืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืฉื•ืชื™ื ืžื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื›ืš ืชื”ื ื ืคืฉื™ ื›ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ. ืืดืœ ืจื‘ ืœืš ื•ื›ื•’ืด. ื•ื”ื ื”, ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ื“ืข ืžื” ืจื‘ ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืœื• ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื, ื•ื™ื“ืข ื’ื ื™ื“ืข ื›ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื“ืณ ื‘ืขื•ื”ืดื‘, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื–ืดืœ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื” ืฉื): ืดืืดืœ ื”ืงื‘ืดื”, ื ืฉืžื” ืฆืื™ ืืœ ืชืื—ืจื™, ื•ืื ื™ ืžืขืœื” ืื•ืชืš ืœืฉืžื™ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืื ื™ ืžื•ืฉื™ื‘ืš ืชื—ืช ื›ืกื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื™, ืืฆืœ ื›ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืจืคื™ื ื•ื’ื“ื•ื“ื™ื ื•ื›ื•’ืด, ื•ืืขืคืดื› ืœื ืจืฆืชื” ื”ื ืฉืžื” ืœืฆืืช, ื›ื“ืื™ืชื ืฉื, ื•ื”ื™ืืš ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ืดื•ืื ื™ ืžื•ืฉื™ื‘ืš ืชื—ืช ื›ืกื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื™ืด, ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืœื ืจืฆืชื” ื”ื ืฉืžื” ืœืฆืืช, ืืชืžื”ื”.

ืืœื ืฉื”ื ื”ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ืชื‘ืืจื• ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืขืจื›ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืœืžืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ื”ืดื‘ ืชื—ืช ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ื•ืœื›ืš ืœื ืจืฆืชื” ื”ื ืฉืžื” ืœืฆืืช. ื”ื˜ืขื ื‘ื–ื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื™ืฉื ื” ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืชืงืจื‘ ืœื“ืณ, ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืืฉืจ ืื™ื ื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืขื•ื”ืดื‘, ื›ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ืื“ื ื”ืขื•ืฆื ืขื™ื ื™ื• ื•ืžืชืคืœืœ – ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืžืœืš ืžืœื›ื™ ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื – ืดืฉื•ื™ืชื™ ื“ืณ ืœื ื’ื“ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ืด, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืขื•ื”ืดื‘ ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื”: ืดืื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื•ืด. ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื’ื ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื–ืดืœ: ืดื™ืคื” ืฉืขื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ืžืขืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื”ืดื– ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื” (ืื‘ื•ืช ืคืดื“ ืžื™ืดื–).

ื•ืœื›ืš ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžืฉื”: ืดื”ื ื™ื— ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืขื•ื”ืดื– ื•ืื—ื™ื” ื•ืœื ืืžื•ืช ื•ื›ื•ืณืด, ื›ื™ ื”ื’ื ืฉื™ื“ืข ืืช ืจื•ื ืขืจื›ื•, ื•ื™ื“ืข ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื•ืฉืจ ื”ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืœื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื, ืืขืดืค ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ื”ืดื– ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื“ืข ืืช ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืขืจืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ื•ื’ื ืžื” ืฉื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžืฉื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื—ื™ื” ื•ืขื•ืฃ, ื™ืฉ ืœืคืจืฉ ืฉืœื ื ืชื›ื•ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื ืœื• ืฉื›ืœ ื•ื“ืขืช ื›ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื, ืืœื ืฉื ืชื›ื•ื™ืŸ ืฉืชืฉืืจ ืœื• ื“ืขืช ื”ืื“ื, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ืขืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื•, ืืœื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ื•ืžืฆื•ืžืฆืžื™ื, ื•ืœื ื™ืจืื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืจื•ืื” ื‘ืขื•ื”ืดื–, ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืืœื• ื ืืžืจ ืดื™ืคื” ืฉืขื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ืžืขืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื”ืดื– ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืขื•ื”ืดื‘ืด.

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ืื›ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืœื‘ืืจ ืืช ื˜ืขื ืขื•ื ืฉื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืื™ื•ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื—ืจ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืขืคืดื™ ืžื” ืฉื‘ื™ืืจื ื• ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช, ืฉืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืดื™ืกื•ืจื™ืืด ื•ืชื›ืœื™ืชื, ืื™ื ื ืจืง ืขื•ื ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื˜ื, ืืœื ืœืœืžื“ ื•ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœืื“ื ืฉื—ื˜ื, ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืดืžื™ื“ื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ืžื™ื“ื”ืด, ืฉืขืดื™ ื›ืš ื™ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœืืžื•ื“ ืžื”ื• ื—ื˜ืื• [ื•ื”ืืจื›ื ื• ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื™ื–].

ื•ื”ื ื”, ื˜ืขืžื• ืฉืœ ืื™ื•ื‘ ืฉืฉืชืง, ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›ื™ ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื ื™ื•ืขื™ืœ ืžืื•ืžื” ืื ื™ืžื—ื”. ื•ื”ืจืื™ื” ืžื™ืชืจื• ืฉื‘ืจื— ื•ืœื ืžื—ื”, ื•ื”ืจื™ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืœืขื›ื‘ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืจื—, ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ืื™ื•ื‘, ืžืฉืจืื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืื•ืžื” – ืฉืชืง, ื•ืขืดื– ื‘ืื• ืขืœื™ื• ื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืื™ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื• ืขืœ ื˜ืขื•ืชื•, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืžื‘ืจื™ืกืง ื–ืฆืดืœ, ืฉื”ืžืชื™ื™ืกืจ ื‘ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื–ื•ืขืง ืžื—ืžืช ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื•, ื•ื”ื’ื ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืฆืขืงืชื• ืœื”ื•ืฉื™ืข ืœื• ื‘ืžืื•ืžื”, ืขื ื–ืืช ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื“ื ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ ืžื™ ืฉื›ื•ืื‘ ืœื• ืฆื•ืขืง, ื•ื”ืฉื•ืชืง – ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ืš ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ื•ืื‘ ืœื•, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื‘ืื• ื”ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœืื™ื•ื‘ ื›ื™ ื”ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืืฆืœื• ื›ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื• ืฉืœื•, ืฉืื ื”ื™ื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืฆืจืชื ื›ืฉื ืฉืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื•, ื”ื™ื” ื–ื•ืขืง ื•ืžื•ื—ื”, ืืฃ ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืžื—ืืชื• ืœื ืชื•ืขื™ืœ ื›ืœื•ื.

ื•ื ื•ืกื™ืฃ, ืฉืœื›ืš ื ื™ืชื ื• ืœื• ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื ื•ืจืื™ื ื›ืืœื• ืดื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืื™ื•ื‘ืด, ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ืฆืจืช ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœื–ืขื•ืง ื–ืขืงื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš, ื›ืžื• ื–ื• ื”ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืžืดื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืื™ื•ื‘ืด.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ื–ืดืœ, ื›ื™ ื˜ืขื ื”ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ืœืื™ื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื ืกื•ืชื•, ื•ื›ื“ืื™ืชื ื‘ื‘ืดื‘ (ื˜ื•,ื‘) ืฉื”ืฉื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืœื ืกื•ืชื• – ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื• ื›ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื•, ื™ืขื•ืดืฉ. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืกืชื™ืจื” ืœืžื” ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื–ืดืœ ืฉื”ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืื• ืœื• ื›ืขื•ื ืฉ ืขืœ ืฉืฉืชืง, ื›ื™ ืดืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื“ืณ ืืžืช ืฆื“ืงื• ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•ืด (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื™ื˜,ื™), ื•ื‘ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื• ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ ืขืœ ืฉืฉืชืง ื•ื’ื ืžืŸ ื”ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื• ืขื•ื ืฉ ืžืจ ืฉื›ื–ื” ืขืœ ืฉืฉืชืง, ื›ื™ ืื– ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืกื•ืชื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“.

ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืžื™ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ, ื›ื™ ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ื˜ืขืžื• ืฉืœ ื ื— ืฉืœื ื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขืœ ื“ื•ืจื• ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื™ื“ืข ืฉืชืคื™ืœืชื• ืœื ืชืชืงื‘ืœ, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืชืคืœื” ืžื•ืขืœืช ืื ื™ืฉ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืขืฉืจื” ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื, ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ ื ืงืจืื™ื ืžื™ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ืขืœ ืฉืžื• ืดืžื™ ื ื—ืด, ื›ื™ ื”ื’ื ืฉืชืคื™ืœืชื• ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ื‘ื›ืดื– ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ, ื›ื™ ืื ื”ื™ื” ื›ื•ืื‘ ืœื• ืขืœ ืื‘ื“ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื—ื•ืจื‘ื ื•, ื›ื™ ืื– ื”ื™ื” ืžืชืคืœืœ ื•ื–ื•ืขืง ืœื“’ ืœื‘ืœ ื™ื—ืจื‘ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื”ื’ื ืฉื™ื“ืข ืฉืื™ืŸ ืชืคื™ืœืชื• ืžื•ืขืœืช. ื•ืžืฉืœื ื”ืชืคืœืœ, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืดื›ื•ืื‘ืด ืœื• ื›ืจืื•ื™ ืื‘ื“ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืœื›ืš ื ืงืจืื™ื ืžื™ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ – ืดืžื™ ื ื—ืด.

ื•ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื–ืดืœ, ืฉื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื ื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืขืฉืจื” ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœืžื“ ื–ืืช ืžื ื—, ืื—ืจ ืฉื ื— ื ืชื‘ืข ืขืœ ื–ื”, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืžื“ ืžืžื ื•? ืื•ืœื ืœืืžื•ืจ, ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืžืชืคืœืœ ื”ื™ื• ื ืžื ืขื™ื ืžื™ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ, ืืœื ืขืœ ื–ื” ื’ื•ืคื ืฉืœื ืฆืขืง ื•ื”ืชืคืœืœ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื•, ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ื’ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ ืกื“ื•ื, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ืฆืจืš ืœื”ืชื ืฆืœ ืขืœ ืจื•ื‘ ืชืคื™ืœื•ืชื™ื• ื›ืืžื•ืจ: ืดืืœ ื ื ื™ื—ืจ ืœื“ืณ ื•ืื“ื‘ืจื” ืืš ื”ืคืขื ื•ื’ื•ืณืด (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ื—,ืœื‘), ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœื™ื• ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืืœื ืื ื”ื™ื ืชืชืงื‘ืœ. ื•ื”ื•ื ืขืดื“ ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื–ืดืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ืœืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื•: ืดืจื‘ ืœืš ืืœ ืชื•ืกืฃืด (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื’,ื›ื•) – ืฉืœื ื™ืืžืจื• ื”ืจื‘ ื›ืžื” ืงืฉื”, ื•ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื›ืžื” ืกืจื‘ืŸ ื•ืžืคืฆื™ืจืด (ืจืฉืดื™ ืฉื ื‘ืฉื ืกืคืจื™), ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ืชื•ืขื™ืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™. ื•ืžืฉืœืžื“ ืžื ื— ืฉืœื ืชื•ืขื™ืœ ืชืคื™ืœืชื•, ืœื ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ, ื•ื“ื™ ืœื• ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขื“ ืื–.

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Harav Hagaon Binyamin Cohen Shlita

The Merit for Salvation

Parshas Noach

Harav Hagaon Binyomin Cohen Shlita

Parashas Noach begins: ย ืึตืœึถึผื” ืชึผื•ึนืœึฐื“ึนืช ื ึนื—ึท ื ึนื—ึท ืึดื™ืฉื ืฆึทื“ึดึผื™ืง ืชึธึผืžึดื™ื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื‘ึฐึผื“ึนืจึนืชึธื™ื• ืึถืช ื”ึธืึฑืœึนืงึดื™ื ื”ึดืชึฐื”ึทืœึถึผืšึฐ ื ึนื—ึท. ื•ึทื™ึผื•ึนืœึถื“ ื ึนื—ึท ืฉึฐืืœึนืฉึธืื” ื‘ึธื ึดื™ื ืึถืช ืฉึตืื ืึถืช ื—ึธื ื•ึฐืึถืช ื™ึธืคึถืช.

The obvious question is: After the Torah says, โ€œThese are the offspring of Noach,โ€ why doesnโ€™t it go on to list those offspring immediately, rather than interrupting to tell us what a tzaddik Noach was?

Rashi offers two answers to this question.

His first answer is that the Torah is following the dictum of ื–ื›ืจ ืฆื“ื™ืง ืœื‘ืจื›ื”. Since the Torah is mentioning Noach, it has to mention his good qualities.

Rashiโ€™s second answer is that the Torah is telling us about the offspring of Noach. There are two types of offspring: biological offspring โ€” children, and maasim tovim. And which is the primary type of offspring? The maasim tovim, the Torah and mitzvos that a person produces. Therefore, in listing the offspring of Noach, the Torah first tells us that he was a tzaddik, and only then names his biological offspring, Shem, Cham, and Yefes.

The Sforno gives a third answer, explaining the words ืึถืช ื”ึธืึฑืœึนืงึดื™ื ื”ึดืชึฐื”ึทืœึถึผืšึฐ ื ึนื—ึท to mean that Noach went in the ways of Hashem, doing good for others and rebuking the people of his generation. Since he did so, says the Sforno, he was zocheh to have three children. In other words, the Torah is explaining why Noach merited to have children at such an old age โ€” because he went in the ways of Hashem.

Incidentally, the Torah is offering us a segulah to have children: by following in the ways of Hashem and doing good for others.

Noachโ€™s Tzedakah

Noachโ€™s middah of ื•ึฐื”ึธืœึทื›ึฐืชึธึผ ื‘ึดึผื“ึฐืจึธื›ึธื™ื•, emulating Hakadosh Baruch Hu and following in His ways, was not only the cause for his having children; it was also the reason why he merited to leave the teivah. Indeed, the Midrash Tehillim teaches (ch. 37) that if not for the kinah, jealousy, that Avraham had, he wouldnโ€™t have been koneh shamayim vaโ€™aretz. Where do we see that Avraham Avinu had kinah? The Midrash answers by relating the following dialogue between Avraham Avinu and his ancestor, Shem:

โ€œIn what merit did you leave the teivah?โ€ Avraham asked Shem.

Shem answered, โ€œIn the merit of the tzedakah we did there.โ€

โ€œWith whom did you do tzedakah?โ€ Avraham inquired. โ€œWere there poor people in the teivah? The only people in the teivah were Noach and his children!โ€

โ€œWe did tzedakah with the animals,โ€ Shem replied. โ€œWe did not sleep, but went around all night giving to the animals.โ€

When Avraham heard that, he drew a kal vโ€™chomer: โ€œIf Noach and his children would not have merited to leave the teivah were it not for the tzedakah they had done for the animals, then if I do chessed for people, who are formed bโ€™tzelem Elokim, then surely I will be saved from all harm.โ€ He immediately went and planted an eishel, the Midrash concludes (ืืฉืœ being an acronym for ืื›ื™ืœื”, ืฉืชื™ื™ื”, and ืœื™ื ื” or ืœื•ื™ื”).

But how does this discussion show that Avraham Avinu had kinah for Hakadosh Baruch Hu?

R’ Elya Svei ztโ€l explained that when the Midrash says that Avraham Avinu was โ€œjealous,โ€ it means that he desired to be like Hakadosh Baruch Hu and emulate His ways. From this conversation that Avraham had with Shem ben Noach, he learned how Noach went in Hashemโ€™s ways โ€” by sustaining the entire briah, just as Hakadosh Baruch Hu sustains the entire briah. From this, Avraham drew his kal vโ€™chomer.

Punished for What?

Rabeinu Yonah (Shaarei Teshuvah 3:15) notes that we find that the people of Sedom are described as ืจึธืขึดื™ื ื•ึฐื—ึทื˜ึธึผืึดื™ื ืœึทื”’ ืžึฐืึนื“: They robbed, they twisted judgment, they were immoral. Yet they were punished and totally destroyed not because of these terrible aveiros, but because of their failure to do chessed, as the passuk in Yechezkel states:ย  ื•ึฐื™ึทื“ ืขึธื ึดื™ ื•ึฐืึถื‘ึฐื™ื•ึนืŸ ืœึนื ื”ึถื—ึฑื–ึดื™ืงึธื”.

How can the failure to do chessed, which is a passive wrongdoing, be worse than actively transgressing aveiros chamuros? Moreover, chessed is not one of the sheva mitzvos Bnei Noach, so why was Sedom punished for not doing chessed?

The Alter of Kelm gives a beautiful explanation. If a person admires someone, he says, then he automatically aspires to be like that person. The Alter writes about himself that when learned under R’ Yisrael Salanter he had a burning desire to be like his rebbi: He wanted to be like him, act like him, and live like him. Therefore, says the Alter, if a person recognizes Hakadosh Baruch Hu, and knows that He is good and kind, he will automatically desire to be like Hakadosh Baruch Hu. Accordingly, if the people of Sedom did not do chessed, and did not seek to emulate Hashemโ€™s ways, that was a sign that they lacked recognition of Hakadosh Baruch Hu. And failing to recognize Hashem is much worse than even the aveiros chamuros.

In the zechus of emulating Hashemโ€™s ways, Noach had children, and was able to leave the teivah. Similarly, the future geulah will come about in the zechus of ื•ึฐื”ึธืœึทื›ึฐืชึธึผ ื‘ึดึผื“ึฐืจึธื›ึธื™ื•, following Hashemโ€™s ways. Indeed, the Gemara asks (Sanhedrin 98b), what should a person do to save himself from chevlei Mashiach? And R’ Elazar answered his talmidim, โ€œHe should occupy himself with Torah and gemilus chassadim.โ€

R’ Baruch Ber quotes the Chofetz Chaim as saying that thereโ€™s no other eitzah to be saved from chevlei Mashiach โ€” only through Torah and chessed can a person be saved. We can explain that by doing chessed, a person emulates Hashem, who cares for everyone and sustains the entire briah. The more we follow in Hashemโ€™s ways, the greater the zechus we will have to be saved from chevlei Mashiach. Learning Torah is also chessed, chessed for the entire world, for Torah sustains the world; without Torah the world could not exist.

May we all be zocheh to strengthen ourselves in following the ways of Hakadosh Baruch Hu, and in that zechus may we be saved from the chevlei Mashiach and greet Mashiach speedily.

Gut Shabbos.

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