BereishisNoach

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•

Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Nosson Tzvi Finkel ztโ€l

ื•ื™ืงื— ืฉื ื•ื™ืคืช ืืช ื”ืฉืžืœื” (ื˜, ื›ื’)
ืื™ืŸ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื›ืืŸ ื•ื™ืงื—ื• ืืœื ื•ื™ืงื—, ืœื™ืžื“ ืขืœ ืฉื ืฉื ืชืืžืฅ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ืคืช, ืœื›ืš ื–ื›ื• ื‘ื ื™ื• ืœื˜ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช, ื•ื™ืคืช ื–ื›ื• ื‘ื ื™ื• ืœืงื‘ื•ืจื” (ืจืฉืณืณื™).

ย 

ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืขืฉื• ืืช ืื•ืชื” ืžืฆื•ื”, ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืคืช ื–ื›ื” ืœืฉื›ืจ ืจืง ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื•ืื™ืœื• ืฉื ื–ื›ื” ืœืฉื›ืจ ื’ื ื‘ืขื•ื”ืณืณื– ื•ื’ื ื‘ืขื•ื”ืณืณื‘?

 

ื‘ื™ืืจ ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชืŸ ืฆื‘ื™ ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื”:ย ืžื”ืฉื›ืจ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืฉื ืขืœ ืฉื ืชืืžืฅ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืื ื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ืกื•ื“ ืขืฆื•ื, ืื™ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ืœื’ื•ื“ืœ ืžืขืœืช ื”ืžืชืืžืฅ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื”, ื•ืœื ื–ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืืœื ืฉื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื ืงืจืืช ืขืœ ืฉืžื•. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืชืœื•ื™ ืœื ื‘ื›ืฉืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก, ืืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืžืชืืžืฅ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืฆืœื™ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืจืง ื›ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆืžื•ื— ืžืชืžื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืฉืงื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืขืกืง ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

 

ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืกื™ื™ืขืชื ื“ืฉืžื™ื, ื•ืกื™ื™ืขืชื ื“ืฉืžื™ื ืื™ื ื” ื ืงื ื™ืช ืืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืืš ื’ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ืžืขืœืช ื”ืžืชืืžืฅ, ื™ืฉ ื”ืžืชืคืœืœ ื›ืžืฆื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืœื•ืžื“ื” ื•ื›ืคื™ ื”ืจื’ืœื•, ื‘ืœื ืฉื™ืžืช ืœื‘ ื•ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช, ื•ื™ืฉ ื”ืžืชืืžืฅ ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืชื•. ื•ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ื”ืžืชืืžืฅ ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืขืœื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืชื•.

 

ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืžื•ืกืจ, ืื ืžืชืืžืฆื™ื ืœืงื ื•ืช ื™ืจืืช ืฉืžื™ื, ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžื“ืจื’ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื™ืจืืช ืฉืžื™ื.

 

ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื•ืง ื•ืžื ื•ืกื”, ื•ืจื•ืื™ื ื–ืืช ื‘ื—ื•ืฉ. ืจืง ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฉืžืชืืžืฅ ืžืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื•, ื•ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืชืืžืฅ ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ืฆืœื™ื—. ื•ืœื”ืชืืžืฅ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืœืืžืฅ ืืช ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื•. ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื•ื“ืข ื•ืžื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื•, ื›ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืืžืฅ, ื•ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื“ืขืช ื›ื™ ืืช ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืžืืžืฆื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืžื“ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื›ื™ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื ื• ื›ืœื™ ื ืคืœื ืžืื•ื“.

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื

Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Nosson Tzvi Finkel ztโ€l

ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื
ืœืžื—ืจืช ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชืŸ ืฆื‘ื™ ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื”ย [ื™ืดื ื‘ืžืจื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืชืฉืขืดื‘], ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื ื—ื ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืื‘ืจืš ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื.

 

ืกื™ืคืจ ื”ืื‘ืจืš ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ืœื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ื”. ื”ื•ื ื ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ืชืงื‘ืœ ืœื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”. ื‘ื›ื™ืกื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืžืœืฆื” ืžืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื• ื‘ื—ื•ืดืœ. ื‘ื”ืžืœืฆื” ื ืจืžื– ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืœืฉ ื‘ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื•. ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื ื›ื ืก ืœืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™ ื–ืฆื•ืงืดืœ ื‘ื—ืฉืฉ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืžื ืœื ื™ืชืงื‘ืœ ืœื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”.

 

ืื•ืœื, ืœื ืจืง ืฉืจื””ื™ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžืื•ืจ ืคื ื™ื ื•ื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืื•ืชื• ืœืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ื™ืชื™ืจื” ืžื–ืืช, ืžืจืŸ ืจื”ืดื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื• ื›ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ืงื™ืจื‘ ืื•ืชื• ืžืื•ื“, ืขื•ื“ื“ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืคืกืง, ื“ืื’ ืœื• ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ืœืžื“ื• ืืชื•, ื•ืืฃ ืœืžื“ ืืชื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื, ืชื•ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ืฆืœ ื–ืืช ืœื”ื—ื“ื™ืจ ื‘ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ื›ืจื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื•ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืฆืžื•ื— ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื.

 

ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ื–ื” ื’ืจื ืœื• ืœื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืืช ืขืฆืžื•, ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ืขืžืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื. ื•ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื™ื™ื—ืก ืืช ื›ืœ ืชื•ืจืชื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ื ื•.

 

ืืžื•ื ื” ื–ื• ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื ืจ ืœืจื’ืœื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™ ื–ืฆื•ืงืดืœ. ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ื ืชืŸ ืืžื•ืŸ ื•ืขื•ื“ื“ ืจื‘ื•ืช ืืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื˜ืข ื‘ื”ื ืืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื›ืš. ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืกื™ืคืจื• ืฉื›ืœ ืฆืžื™ื—ืชื ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ืฉืจืื• ื›ืžื” ืจื””ื™ ืžื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื, ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื.

ื ืœื‘”ืข ื‘ื™”ื ื‘ืžืจื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืข”ื‘

ืชื ืฆื‘”ื”

ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืœื›ื”

Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shpitzer Shlita

ื ื—

ืฉื•ืคืš ื“ื ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืื“ื ื“ืžื• ื™ืฉืคืš

 

ืข’ ืกื ื”’ ื ”ื– ืข”ื‘ ื‘ืŸ ื ื— ื ื”ืจื’ ื‘ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื•ื›ื•’ ืžืฉื•ื ืจ’ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ืืžืจื• ืืฃ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ืŸ ื•ื›ื•’ ืžืื™ ื˜ืขืžื™ื” ื“ืจ’ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืฉื•ืคืš ื“ื ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืื“ื ื“ืžื• ื™ืฉืคืš ืื™ื–ื”ื• ืื“ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืื“ื ื”ื•ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืžืขื™ ืืžื•.

 

ืžื™ื”ื• ื›”ื– ื‘ื‘”ื  ื›ืžื• ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ”ื™ “ื•ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื“ ืฉื™ืฆื ืœืื•ื™ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื“ืชื ืŸ ื‘ืžืก’ ื ื“ื” (ื“ืฃ ืž”ื“ ืข”ื) ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื”ื•ืจื’ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื”ื™ื›ื ื“ืงื™ื ืœื™ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื›ืœื• ืœื• ื—ื“ืฉื™ื• ื•ืื™ื ื• ื ืคืœ”.

 

ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ืŸ ื ื”ืจื’ ืขืœ ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ืŸ. ื•ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื“ืœืคื™ ื”ืจืžื‘”ื ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืคืฉ ื›ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืจื’ื• ืžื””ืช, ืืœื ื“ืื™ื ื• ื ื”ืจื’ ืขืœื™ื• ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืจ”ืŸ ืจืื™ื” ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ื“ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื“ืžื™ ื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืืœืžื ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืžื™ืชื”, ื•ืœืคื™ ืชื•ืก’ ืกื ื”’ ื•ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื•ืจืžื‘”ืŸ ื‘ืืžืช ืื™ื ื• ื ืคืฉ. ื•ืื›ืชื™ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืจื’ื• ืžื””ืช ืžืฉื•ื ืžื™ ืื™ื›ื ืžื™ื“ื™ ืื• ืžื˜ืขื ืื—ืจ, ื•ืข’ ืœืงืžืŸ.

 

ื•ืข’ ืจืžื‘”ืŸ ื ื“ื” ืž”ื“ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื“ืขืช ื‘ื””ื’ ื“ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื”ืฆืœืช ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืคื—ื•ืชย  ืžื‘ืŸ ืž’ ื™ื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื—ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœืœ ืžื—ืœืœื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืช. ื•ื ืชืงืฉื” ืฉื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืื™ืŸ ื ื”ืจื’ ืขืœื™ื• ื›ื™ ืื™ื ื• ื ืคืฉ, ื•ื“ืœื ื›ืจืžื‘”ื, ื”ื› ืืžืื™ ืžื—ืœืœื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืžื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื—ื™ ื‘ื”ื. ื•ืชื™’ ื”ืจืžื‘”ืŸ ื“ื‘ืืžืช ืœื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ื ืคืฉ ืืœื ื“ืž”ืž ืžื—ืœืœ ืขืœื™ื• ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื“ื—ืœืœ ืขืœื™ื• ืฉื‘ืช ืื—ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืงื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื”. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืื’”ืž ื—ื•”ืž ื—”ื‘ ืก”ื˜ ื’’ ื“ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืžื””ื˜ ื’ื•ืคื” ืืกื•ืจ ืžื””ืช ืœื”ืจื’ื• ืžืฉื•ื ื—ืœืœ ืขืœื™ื• ืฉื‘ืช ืื—ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืงื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื”.

 

ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ื˜ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืชื™’ ื”ืจืžื‘”ืŸ ื“ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ืงืฉื” ื“ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ื‘ื™ื•ืžื ืค”ื” ืข”ื‘ ื™ืœื™ืฃ ืžืฉื ืจ’ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืžื ืกื™ื ื“ืคืงื•ื— ื ืคืฉ ื“ื•ื—ื” ืฉื‘ืช ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ืฉืžืจื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืืžืจื” ืชื•ืจื” ื—ืœืœ ืขืœื™ื• ืฉื‘ืช ืื—ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืฉืžื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื”, ื•ืžืงืฉื” ืฉื ืื‘ื™ื™ ื“ืืฉื›ื—ืŸ ื•ื“ืื™ ืกืคืง ืžื ืœืŸ. ื•ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ื’ ืžืชื™ืจื™ืŸ ื”ืฆืœืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืกืคืง ื›ืžื• ืฉืืจ ื”ืฆืœื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืช. ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืžื‘”ืŸ ื”ื ”ืœ (ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืื“ื ืขืž’ ื›”ื˜) ื”ื•ื “ืืžืจื” ืชื•ืจื” ื—ืœืœ ืขืœื™ื• ืฉื‘ืช ืื—ืช ืฉืžื ื™ืฉืžื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื”” ื•ืฆ”ื‘. ื•ื”ืืจื™ื›ื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื“ืก”ืœ ืœืจืžื‘”ืŸ ื“ืงืจื ื•ื—ื™ ื‘ื”ื ืžื’ืœื” ืขืœ ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ืœืœ ืขืœื™ื• ืฉื‘ืช ืื—ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืฉืžื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืคืง. ืžื™ื”ื• ืงืฉื” ื”ื› ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื”ืžืฆื™ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืฉื•ื ืžืฆื•ื”, ืœื ื™ื”ื ื”ื™ืชืจ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื ืคืฉ. ื•ืข’ ืžื’”ื ืฉ”ื• ืกืงื›”ื˜ ื•ื’ืจ”ื–.

 

ื•ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืค’ ืฉืžื•ืช, ื•ื™ืงืจื ืคืจืขื” ืœืžื™ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื•ืช. ื•ืข’ ืžื”ืจืฉ”ื ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื ”ื– ืข”ื‘ ืืžืื™ ืœื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื•, ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ืŸ ื ื”ืจื’ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ืŸ, ื•ื›”ื› ืคืจืฉืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื•ืคื ื™ื ื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื—”ืก.

 

ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืคื™ ื”ื ”ืœ ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื“ืž”ืž ืืกื•ืจ ืžื””ืช. ื•ืœื›ื’ ื™”ืœ ื“ืž”ืž ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืื™ืŸ ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื“ื™ืŸ ื™ื”ืจื’ ื•ืืœ ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฉื”ื› ืœื‘ื ื™ ื ื—, ื•ืขืžืฉ”ื› ื‘ืžืง”ื.

ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื”ืžื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืžืขืฉื”

Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Nosson Tzvi Finkel ztโ€l

“ืืœื” ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื ื— ื ื— ืื™ืฉ ืฆื“ื™ืง ืชืžื™ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•ืชื™ื• ืืช ื”ืืœื”ื™ื ื”ืชื”ืœืš ื ื—”, ื•ื‘ืจืฉ”ื™ “ื™ืฉ ืžืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœืฉื‘ื— ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ืฉืืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืฆื“ื™ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœื’ื ืื™ ืœืคื™ ื“ื•ืจื• ื”ื™ื” ืฆื“ื™ืง ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื“ื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื›ืœื•ื” (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื•, ื˜).

 

ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืชื™ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื˜ืœื” ืขืœ ื ื— ื‘ื“ื•ืงื

ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–”ืœ ืžื‘ื•ืืจ, ื›ื™ ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื ื—ืœืงื• ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืื ื ื— ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืฉื‘ื— ืื• ืœื’ื ืื™ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื‘ื ื™ ื“ื•ืจ ืื—ืจ, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืœื›ื•ืœื™ ืขืœืžื ื”ื™ื” ืฆื“ื™ืง. ื•ื”ื ื” ื›ืชื‘ ืื‘ืจื‘ื ืืœ (ืฉื, ื™ื“) ืฉื ืืžืจ “ืขืฉื” ืœืš” ืœืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉื ื— ื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืœืœื ืฉื™ืฉื›ื•ืจ ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืœืฉื ื›ืš. ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ, ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืชื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืœืื›ืช ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืงืฉื” ื•ืžืคืจื›ืช, ื”ืœื ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื• ืฉื™ืขืฉื” ืืช ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืชื™ื‘ื” ืืฃ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ืขื•ื”ื• ื‘ื›ืš. ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜, ืฉื˜ืจื—ืชื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœื ื ืกืชื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืชื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉื”ืจื™ ืืฃ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื˜ืจื— ื•ืขืžืœ ื‘ืžืื›ืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ (ืชื ื—ื•ืžื ื ื—, ื˜) “ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืœื•ื™ ื›ืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ื™”ื‘ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœื ื˜ืขื ื˜ืขื ืฉื™ื ื”, ืœื ื ื— ื•ืœื ื‘ื ื™ื•, ืฉื”ื™ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ืŸ ืœื–ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ื”ืžื” ื•ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื” ื•ืืช ื”ืขื•ืคื•ืช”, ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืจืื” ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืืช ื”ืžืœืื›ื” ื”ืžืคืจื›ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืชื™ื‘ื”.

 

ืจืง ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื ืขืฉื” ืœืื—ืจ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžืขืฉื”

ืื™ืชื ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืž, ื‘) “ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืžื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืžืขืฉื””, ื•ื”ืชืžื™ื”ื” ืขื•ืœื” ืžื™ื ื™ื” ื•ื‘ื™ื”, ืื ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื’ื“ื•ืœ ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืžืขืฉื”, ื ืžืฆื ืฉืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืžื”ื•ืชื• ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืชืœืžื•ื“, ื•ืื™ืš ืืžืจื” ื”ื’ืžืจื ืฉืชืœืžื•ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื•ื—ื™ื“ืฉ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ืจื•ื—ื (ื“ืขืช ืชื•ืจื” ืžืืžืจื™ื, ืกื•ืฃ ืค’ ื ื—) ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื ืคืœื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื ืขืฉื” ืœืคื ื™ ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื ืขืฉื” ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“. ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื ืขืฉื” ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืื“ื ื”ืขืคื™ืœ ืœืžื“ืจื’ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื™ื ื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืœื ื›ืœื•ื, ื•ืจืง ืื ื ืขืฉื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืื“ื ืœืžื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืชืขืœื”, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžืขืฉื”. ื ืžืฆื ืฉืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžืขืฉื”, ื•ืžืขืชื” ืžื‘ื•ืืจื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื, ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืจืง ืžื—ืžืช ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืขืฆืžื• ื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืขืฉื” ืœ’ืžืขืฉื”’, ืžืžื™ืœื ื ืžืฆื ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ.

 

ื”ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื“ืจื’ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ืข ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื“ืจื’ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื•ืœืœืžื“

ืฉื ื™ื ื• ื‘ืื‘ื•ืช (ืค”ื“ ืž”ื”) “ื”ืœื•ืžื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืœืžื“, ืžืกืคื™ืงื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื•ืœืœืžื“, ื•ื”ืœื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ืžืกืคื™ืงื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื•ืœืœืžื“ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืืจ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื ื” (ืฉื) ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืฉื ื”, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืœื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืœืžื“ ืื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ืœืื“ื ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ืžืกืคื™ืงื™ืŸ ืœื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื•ืœื ืœืœืžื“, ืืœื ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืืกื•ืจ ื•ื”ืžื•ืชืจ ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•, ืื•ืœื ืœืœื ืฉื™ื˜ืจื— ื•ื™ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ืื ื™ืฉ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืชืจื™ืŸ ื•ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ืฉืžืžื™ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื”ืžืขืฉื” ืืฉืจ ื™ืขืฉื”, ื•ืœื›ืš ืื™ืŸ ืžืกืคื™ืงื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืืœื ื›ืคื™ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื•, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื•ืœืœืžื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืœืœื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื• ืœื™ื“ื™ ืžืขืฉื”. ืื•ืœื ืžื™ ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืœืคืœืคืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืืกื•ืจ ื•ื”ืžื•ืชืจ, ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืืžื™ืชื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืืžืช, ื ืžืฆื ืžืžื™ืœื ืฉืœืžื“ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื• ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœ ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™. ื•ืœื›ืš ืžืกืคื™ืงื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื•ืœืœืžื“ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช. ื•ื‘ื™ืืจ ื–ืืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ืจื•ื—ื (ืฉื) ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืจืง ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืื—ืจ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžืขืฉื”, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ืœื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื”ืžื•ืชืจ ื•ื”ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืฉื›ืŸ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืขืฉื” ื•ืœื• ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืœืคืœืคืœ ื•ืœื™ื’ืข ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“, ื•ืœื˜ืจื•ื— ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœ ื”ืืžืช ื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืฉื ื™ื. ื ืžืฆื ืฉืื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืœืœ ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืจื™ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื“ืจื’ื” ืฉืœ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื•ืœืœืžื“, ื•ืœื›ืš ืžืกืคื™ืงื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื• ื’ื ืœืœืžื•ื“, ื’ื ืœืœืžื“ ื•ื’ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช.

 

ืžืขืชื” ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืชื•ืจืฃ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื” ื ื— ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื™ื‘ื” ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื‘ื“ื• ื‘ืœื ืฉื™ืฉื›ื•ืจ ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืœืฉื ื›ืš, ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืขืฉื” ื”ื‘ื ื™ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื— ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืขืฉื” ืืช ืžืขืฉื”ื• ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืชืขืœื” ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžืคื ื™ ืฆื“ืงื•ืชื• ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืฉืืจ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ืœืœื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื”, ืœื›ืš ื”ื˜ื™ืœ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืืช ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืชื™ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื ื— ืœื‘ื“ื• ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ.

 

ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ืœืคืจืฉ, ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืชื ื ื“ื‘ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืจื‘ื” (ืคื›”ื”) “ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืชื™ ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืžืขืฉื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื‘ื•ืชื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ื™ืขืงื‘” ืฉื”ื ื” ื”ืจื™ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื”ื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื“ื ืœืฉืื•ืฃ ืฉืžืขืฉื™ื• ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืžืขืฉื™ื”ื, ืืžื ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื–ื” ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžืขืฉื” ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“, ื•ืœื›ืš ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื“ื ืœืฉืื•ืฃ ืฉื’ื ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืžืขืฉื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื•.

 

ืžืขืœื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื ืืžืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ืขื™ื•ืŸ

ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืฉืจืง ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžืชื•ืš ืขืžืœ ืจื‘ ื•ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ื”ืžื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืžืขืฉื”. ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ืฉื›ืœ ืžืขืœื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืžืชื™ืงื•ืชื” ื•ืขืจื™ื‘ื•ืชื”, ื ืืžืจื• ืจืง ืขืœ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืŸ, ื“ื”ื ื” ืื™ืชื ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื–, ื) “ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื” ืžืกื™ื™ื ืกืคืจื ื“ืื™ื•ื‘ ืืžืจ ื”ื›ื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืื“ื ืœืžื•ืช ื•ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ื”ืžื” ืœืฉื—ื™ื˜ื” ื•ื”ื›ืœ ืœืžื™ืชื” ื”ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื, ืืฉืจื™ ืžื™ ืฉื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืขืžืœื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ื ื—ืช ืจื•ื— ืœื™ื•ืฆืจื• ื•ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื ืคื˜ืจ ื‘ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื”. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื ื”ืœืœื•, ืžืฉื•ื ืžื” ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืกืคืจ ืื™ื•ื‘, ื•ืœื ืืžืจ ื›ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ืกืคืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ืืžื ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืจืฉ”ื™ ืคื™ืจืฉ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ื’ืžืจื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืืžืจ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืกืคืจ ืื™ื•ื‘ ืืœื ืืžืจ ื–ืืช ืขืœ ืฉื ืฉืื™ื•ื‘ ื ืคื˜ืจ ื‘ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘. ื•ื‘ืžื”ืจืฉ”ื ื‘ื™ืืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื—ืจ, ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืขื ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ืกืคืจ ืื™ื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ืชืช ืื“ื ื•ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื•, ืœื›ืš ืืžืจ ืฉืกื•ืฃ ืื“ื ืœืžื™ืชื” ื‘ื–ืžื ื• – ื‘ื–ืงื ืชื•, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื‘ื”ืžื” ืกื•ืคื” ืœืฉื—ื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื–ืžื ื”. ืื•ืœื ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื›ื•ืœื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืžื™ืชื” ื’ื ืงื•ื“ื ื–ืžื ื ื•ืกื•ืคื, ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื—ื˜ืื• ื•ื”ื‘ื”ืžื” ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืงืจื”, ื•ืœื›ืš ืืฉืจื™ ืื“ื ืฉื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ื ื—ืช ืจื•ื— ืœื™ื•ืฆืจื•.

 

ื”ืขืžืœ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืงื•ืข ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืื™ื ื• ื—ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื

ืื•ืœื ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืœื•ืคื™ืืŸ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ื‘ื™ืืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื ื”ืœืœื•, ืฉืœื›ืœ ืื“ื ื•ืื“ื ื™ืฉ ืืช ืกืคืจ ืื™ื•ื‘ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ืฉืœื•, ืฆืจื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืงืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืขื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ื• ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื•ืคืขืžื™ื ื™ื“ืžื” ืœื• ืฉืกืืช ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžื–ื• ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื™ื• ื•ืžืชืื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื• ืขืœ ืฉื“ื•ืงื ืืฆืœื• ื ืชืืกืคื• ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื. ื•ืœื›ืš ื ื™ื—ืžื• ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื•ืืžืจ ืœื•, ืฉืœื ื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืกืืช ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื• ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ืžืฉืœ ื›ื•ืœื, ืฉื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืžื™ืชื”. ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืชืžื•ื”ื™ื, ืื ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœื ื—ืžื• ืขืœ ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื• ื‘ืžื” ืฉื›ืœ ืื“ื ืžืชื™ื™ืกืจ ื•ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืžื•ืช, ืžื”ื• ืฉืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื ื—ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื•ืœื•ืžืจ “ืืฉืจื™ ืžื™ ืฉื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืขืžืœื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ื ื—ืช ืจื•ื— ืœื™ื•ืฆืจื• ื•ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื ืคื˜ืจ ื‘ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื”, ื•ื›ื™ ืื™ื–ื• ื ื—ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื–ื•.

ื•ื ืจืื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืื‘ื•ืช (ืค”ื• ืž”ื’) “ื•ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืืœื ืชื•ืจื”” ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื•, ื™ื) “ืฉืื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืชื™ืงื•ืช ื•ืขืจื™ื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ื™ื• ืžืฉืชื’ืขื™ื ื•ืžืชืœื”ื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื” ื•ืœื ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ืžืœื ืขื•ืœื ื›ืกืฃ ื•ื–ื”ื‘ ืœืžืื•ืžื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื”, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืื“ื ื”ืขืžืœ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื• ืื™ื ื• ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื™ื‘ื• ืœื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžื—ืžืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉืงื•ืข ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืžืขืชื” ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื–ื”ื• ืฉื ื™ื—ืžื• ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืืช ืื•ืชื• ืฉื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉืืฃ ืฉืฉืงื•ืข ื‘ืฆืจื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืืคื•ืฃ ื‘ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื•, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืขืžืœื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื ืžืฆื ื”ื•ื ืฉืจื•ื™ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื˜ื•ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืื™ื ื• ื—ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ. ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืง’ ื”ื ื ืคืœืื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžื—ื–ืงื™ื ื›ืœ ืœื‘ ืจืคื”, ื•ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื•ื™ื•ื, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืงื•ื‘ืขื ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื ื•ืกื— ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”.

 

ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืื ื• ื›ืขืช ืœืงืจืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžืกื›ืชื ื‘”ืง, ื•ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื“ืขืช ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžืกื›ืช ื–ื• ืืคืฉืจ ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœื•ืžื“ื•ืช. ื•ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ื•ืžืชื—ื ืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื, ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘”ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืžืœื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ืœ ืจืืฉื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื•ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื” ืฆื•ืขืงื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืœื ืžืกืคื™ืงื™ื, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“, ืื•ืœื™ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื™ืคื”, ืื‘ืœ ืจื•ืื” ืื ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื•ืžืจ ื–ืืช, ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ืจื‘ื™ ืืฉื ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื•ืžื“ ืœืื˜, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื, ืืชื ืืฉืžื™ื, ืื ื›ืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื™ื• ื ื™ื’ืฉื™ื ืœืจื‘ื™, ืื• ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืืœื™ื• ืžืฉืœื—ืช ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื•ืœื”ืกืคื™ืง ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ืช”ื—, ื•ื“ืื™ ื’ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืžืกื›ื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื—ื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ื›ืœ ืกืชื™ืจื” ืœื”ืขืžืงื” ื•ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืŸ. ื•ื”ืฉื™”ืช ื™ืขืจื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืจื•ื— ืžืžืจื•ืžื™ื, ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœืœืžื“ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช. ื•ื ื–ื›ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืžืจื•ืžืžื™ื, ืžืขืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ืื™ื ืื—ืจ “ืœืœืžื•ื“”, ื•ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื” ื•ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื•ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš.

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Harav Hagaon Yehuda Wagshal Shlita

Seeing the Hidden

Harav Hagaon Yehuda Wagshal shlita

This week, instead of speaking about the parashah, as we usually do, I would like to share something that I learned from the tefillos of the yamim tovim of Tishrei. This is not really out of place, because as soon as these yamim tovim were over we begin the season of geshem, first by saying ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ื’ืฉื and shortly thereafter by asking ื•ืชืŸ ื˜ืœ ื•ืžื˜ืจ.

The reason why we ask for rain at this time of the year is, obviously, that this is the time when the earth needs rain in order to produce good fruits. But the concept of geshem is really a continuation of the yamim tovim of Tishrei, because, as Rashi teaches in Parashas Bereishis, the earth holds within it the potential to produce fruits, but in order for it to do that it needs siyatta dโ€™Shmaya. That help from Above comes in the form of rain, which helps the fruits emerge from the earth, ืžื”ื›ื— ืืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ. The concept of rain, then, represents the help from Heaven that brings forth the earthโ€™s potential. Similarly, throughout the yamim tovim of Tishrei, with our avodah and tefillos we planted the seeds for the entire year, and now we need those seeds to grow and emergeืžื”ื›ื— ืืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ โ€” we need to awaken the siyatta dโ€™Shmaya, the spiritual โ€œgeshem,โ€ to help us realize that potential and bring forth those โ€œfruits.โ€

With this in mind, I would like to share an insight into the tefillos of the yamim noraโ€™im.

Testing Our Hearts โ€“ Good or Bad?

In the tefillos and piyutim of Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur, we emphasize both the middas hadin of Hakadosh Baruch Hu as well as the middas harachamim. We mention the middas hadin to make us recognize the severity of the din and get us scared, and the middas harachamim is what we rely on to be zocheh in din. For example, in the piyut that begins with the words ืœืงืœ ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ we find both aspects. The words that follow โ€” ืœื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื“ื™ืŸ, ืœื’ื•ืœื” ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ โ€” emphasize the middas hadin, as they convey that Hakadosh Baruch Hu examines our hearts and reveals our depths. If Hashem is really looking into the depth of our hearts, who can say that his heart is pure enough to pass Hakadosh Baruch Huโ€™s examination? Later in the piyut we say ืœืฆื•ืคื” ื ืกืชืจื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ, expressing that Hashem looks at all our hidden, secret things. Whoโ€™s not scared when he knows that all his secrets are revealed before Hakadosh Baruch Hu? These ideas would seem to be coming to create fear and remind us of the middas hadin.

On the other hand, elsewhere in that same piyut โ€” in most of the piyut, actually โ€” we emphasize the middas harachamim: for instance, ืœื•ืชื™ืง ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ื—ืกื“, ืœื—ื•ืžืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื•.

I noticed something interesting, however. During the hakafos of Simchas Torah, we say: ืืœืงื™ ื”ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื•ืฉื™ืขื” ื ื ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ื ื. Now, we would expect that when we ask Hashem to save us and grant us success, we would emphasize His middas harachamim. But ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช, as we noted, would seem to be a manifestation of middas hadin, so how can we say that in the zechus of Hashem examining our hearts, He should grant us success? We would think that in order for us to ask Hashem ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ื ื, we should ask Him not to look so carefully at our hearts and not to examine how altruistic our motives are, but rather to look only at our good deeds! In what way is ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช a zechus for success?

We see from here, I think, that ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช is indeed a manifestation of Hashemโ€™s middas harachamim, not middas hadin. And thatโ€™s because in the pnimiyus of every Yid, deep down in his heart he wishes to come close to Hashem and do what Hashem wants, as the Rambam teaches in Hilchos Geirushin. But there are many layers covering that heart, layers of yetzer hara that prevent him from doing what he really wants deep down. Although at times we see Yidden who are not behaving properly, that doesnโ€™t mean that the core of a Yid is ever bad. Accordingly, when we say, during the hakafos, ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ื ื, we are expressing to Hashem that even if externally not everything we did was good, He should be ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช ย and look deeply into the core of our hearts, where Heโ€™ll see purity and a desire to be close to Him. And in that zechus, ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ื ื. Thatโ€™s middas harachamim.

This, I believe, sheds light on the piyut of ืœืงืœ ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ: it means that Hashem is like our lawyer, the advocate who comes to help us in our judgment. Just as most of the descriptions in that piyut are about middas harachamim โ€” ืœื—ื•ืžืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื•, etc. โ€” the descriptions of ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช, ื’ื•ืœื” ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช, and ืฆื•ืคื” ื ืกืชืจื•ืช too, are references to middas harachamim, for we are saying that Hashem penetrates through the layers that cover our heart and looks straight into the depths of our heart, which is pure. When we say that Hashem looks at our hidden secrets, it doesnโ€™t necessarily mean our bad hidden things. Often, we see a person whoโ€™s acting improperly, and might even look like a total rasha, but who knows the ื ืกืชืจื•ืช? Who knows what he went through in his life, what kind of family he came from, and what caused him to reach this low madreigah where he seems to be doing such bad things? The fact that Hashem gazes at these hidden secrets is also a function of middas harachamim, for he doesnโ€™t just look at a personโ€™s bad actions โ€” he also looks into the depths of whatโ€™s causing those actions and what happened to him that prompted him to act this way. While these considerations do not exempt a person of accountability for his actions, Hakadosh Baruch Hu, in His rachamim, doesnโ€™t just look at the act, but He considers whatโ€™s behind it as well. Accordingly, all of the descriptions in the piyut of ืœืงืœ ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ are coming to evoke middas harachamim.

When You Are the Judge

This idea has practical ramifications as well, as reflected in the following story, which I saw in the sefer Eitzos Vโ€™hadrachos Chelek Bais by Rav Yankel Greenwald Shlita. Toward the end of Rav Shachโ€™s life, when he was already very weak, members of the hanhallah of a certain yeshiva came to ask him what to do about a bachur in the yeshiva who was doing very bad things. The hanhallah members had already met and decided that there was no choice but to expel him from yeshiva, but before taking that major step they decided to consult with Rav Shach, just to make sure. After they described his behavior, Rav Shach asked, โ€œWhat is the shalom bayis like in his home?โ€ They looked at each other and said, โ€œWe donโ€™t know, but what does this have to do with shalom bayis? Weโ€™re talking about a boy who did all these terrible things!โ€

โ€œWhat is the parnassah situation in his house?โ€ Rav Shach continued.

Again, they looked at each other and responded that they didnโ€™t know. โ€œBut what does parnassah have to do with anything?โ€ they wondered. โ€œWeโ€™re not coming to collect money!โ€

โ€œWhat type of kids live in his neighborhood?โ€ Rav Shach then asked. โ€œWho is he hanging around with when heโ€™s home from yeshiva?โ€

The hanhallah members did not know the answer to that question, either.

โ€œYou want to send this boy away from yeshiva and you have no idea whatโ€™s going on in his life?โ€ Rav Shach asked.

They left feeling distinctly uncomfortable.

A gadol like Rav Shach knows how to emulate the ways of Hashem, and doesnโ€™t just look at a personโ€™s external actions, but is ืฆื•ืคื” ื ืกืชืจื•ืช, probing whatโ€™s behind those actions. The end of the story was that the hanhallah members went back and checked out the three things Rav Shach had mentioned, and sure enough the shalom bayis in the boyโ€™s home was terrible โ€” his parents were in middle of a bitter divorce. There was no parnassah, either, and the boy had some neighbors that he hung around with when he didnโ€™t have yeshiva who were a bad influence on him.

This is similar to what Hakadosh Baruch Hu does, and this is how the middas harachamim is evident through ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช, ,ื’ื•ืœื” ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช and ืฆื•ืคื” ื ืกืชืจื•ืช.

We are commanded to follow Hakadosh Baruch Huโ€™s ways โ€” ื•ื”ืœื›ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื• โ€” and now that weโ€™re starting the winter, which is the time to bring everything that we learned from the yamim noraโ€™im ืžื”ื›ื— ืืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ, this is definitely something we should bear in mind: not just to judge on the basis of what we see, but to know that thereโ€™s a lot more deep down in the levavos, in the amukos, in the nistaros, that we donโ€™t know about and that can cause people to act in a certain way. If we follow Hashemโ€™s ways in this area, our whole approach would certainly be much different.

We should be zocheh that all the seeds that we planted during the yamim noraโ€™im should produce beautiful, sweet fruits during the entire year ahead of us.

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