ืืืจื ืจืืืชืื ื
Maran Hamashgiach Hagaon Harav Yechezkel Levinshtein, ztโl
ืขืฉื ืื ืชืืช ืขืฆื ืืคืจ ืงืื ืื ืชืขืฉื ืืช ืืชืื (ื,ืื)
ืืงืฉื ืืจื ืืืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืจื ืืืืงืื ืืืื ืฉืืืื ืืฆืืื”ื: ืืืืืจื ืขื ืืื ืืชืื ืืื ืคืื, ืืจื ืื ืืชืื ืืืจื ืืืืข ืฉืืื ืกื ืืฉืื ืืชืื ืืื ืืฆืืจื ืชืื ืืื ืขื ืืฉืคืืชื ืฉื ื ื, ืข”ื ื ืื ืกื ืืืื ืื ืก, ืื”ืข ืฆ”ื ืืื ืืืฆืจื ื ื ืืื ืืช ืืช ืืชืืื ืืืืงื ืืืืืืช ืืื? ืืืืชืจ ืฆ”ืข: ืืจื ืืืื ืฉืชืืืช ืขืฅ ืืฆืืคื ืืืคืจ ืืื ื ืืืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืฉืืืจืืื ืืช ืื ืฉืืื ืขื ืืืจืฅ, ืื”ื ืืืืข ืฆืืืื ืืงื”ื ืืช ื ื ืืขืืฉืืช ืืืช ืืื ืืฆืืื ืื ืก ืืืจ ืฉืื ืืืืื ืืชืืืช ืืืชื ืืืืข?
ืืชืืจืฅ: ืืฃ ืืืงืื ืฉืขืืฉื ืืงื”ื ื ืก ืฉืขื ืืื ืืชืืื ืืฆืืืืชื ืืขืืืื, ืืื ืืงืื ืืจืื ืืชืืจื ืืื ืืฆืืฆื ืืช ืื ืก ืื ืฉืืืื ืื ืืงืื ืืืขืืช, ืืืื ืื ืืืฆืืช ื ื ืขื ืืื ืืชืืื, ืฉืืื ื ืก ืืืื, ืื ืืฉ ืืงืื ืืื ืฉืจืืื ืชืืื ืืืืื ืืืืงื ืืืขืืช ืืืืืจ ืฉืืชืืื ืืื ืฉืืฆืืื ืืช ื ื. ืืืจืืช ืฉืื ืืืชืืื ื ืืืื ืฉืื ืืชืื ืืืืช ืฉืชืืื ืฉื ืขืฆืื ืชืขืืื ื ืื ืืืื ืฉืืืจืื ืืช ืื ืืืจืืื ืืืื ืืืคืืื ืืืจืฅ ื ืืืืื, ืืื ืืงืื ืืฉืืื ืืฉ ืืืจ ืื ืืงืื ืืชืืืช ืืช ืืืฆืื ืืชืืื ืืื ืืืฉืืืช ื’.
ื ืืฆื ืฉืขื ืื ืฆืืฆืื ืื ืก ืืื, ืฉืืจืืฉื ืฉืจืืื ืื ืก ืืขืฉืืช ืขื ืืืื ืืืจ ื ืืืฉ ืขื ืืื ืืกืืื, ืฉืืจื ืืืจ ืืฉ ืืืจ ืืืจ ืืชืืืช ืื ืืช ืืืฆืื.
ืืืื ืขืืื ื ืืืืื ืืื ืขื ืืื ื ืืขืืื, ืื ื ืชืืื ื ื ืจืื ืฉืื ืืืจืืื ืืืื ืืื ื ืืื ืชืืื ืืขืืื, ืืขืื ืชืืืช ื ื, ืืื ืื ืืืืจ ืืืจืฅ ืืกืืื ืืืื ืืืขืื ืืขื ืืจืงืืข ืืืืื ืืชืืช ืืจืงืืข, ืืืงื”ื ืขืืฉื ืืขืื ืงืจืืขืช ืื ืกืืฃ ืืื ืืืจืืื, ืฉืืืืฆืข ืื ืืืื ืืืื ืชืืื ืืืฉื, ื ืืฆื ืฉืืฉื ืฉืงืืืื ืฉื ืชืืืช ื ืื ืืื ืื ืืื ื, ืื ืืื ืื ื ืืืื ืื ืืช ืงืืืื ืฉื ืืืจืืื ืืืื. ืืืืื ืฆืจืื ืืงืื ืขื ืขืฆืื ืืฆืืืจ ืฆืืืจืื ืืืจืืืช ืฉืื ืืืจืืื ืืืื ืืื ื ืก, ืืื ืืกืืืืช ืฉืื ื ืจืืืื ืืื ื ืืื ืืืขื ืืช ืื ืก ืืื ืฉืืฉืืื ืืชืื ืืืืชื ืืืกืืืืช, ืื ืืืชืืื ื ืืืข ืืืืืจ ืฉืืื ื ืก ืืืื ืฉื ืืงื”ื.
ืข”ืค ‘ืืืช ืืชืืจื’
ืืืจื ืืืืื
ืฉืชื ืืฉืืืืช ืงืืข ืืงื”ื ืืืฉืจืื ืฉืืืื ืืืืื ืืชืืจื ืืืื ืืืืื, ืืืืชื ืฉืชื ืืฉืืืืช ืื ืจืื ืฉืื ืืื ืฉืื ืืื ืฉืื ืืื ืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืื (ืืืจืฉ ืชื ืืืื ืคืจืฉืช ื ื)
ืืืจื ืืืืจืฉ ืฉื ืืืจื ืืฉืขืชื ืขื ืืฉืืืืช ืกืืจื ืืคืืืืืืชื, ืืื ื ืืืืจ “ืืขืฉื ืืืืช ืกืืื ืืื ืื” ืืืืก ืืืฆืืชื ืืืืคืืื ืฉื ืืืฉืืื ืืฉืืืืชื ืืืื ืืืขื ืฉื ืืืืืช ืืขืืื ืืจืืฉืื ื ืืืฉื ืื ืืจืฆืฃ ืืืืืื ืฉืื ืืืจ ืืืขืื ืืืืชืืื ืฉื ื.
ืืื ืืืชื ืืจื ืจืืฉ ืืืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืืกืื ืจืื ืืืืขืืจ ืืืืื ืคืื ืงื ืืฆืืง”ื ืืืงืืื ืืกืคืจื ‘ืืืจื ืืืืขืืจ’ ืืืืช ื ืืกื ืืฆืืชื ืฉื ืืืฉืืื ืืฉื ืืช ืืฉืืื ืื ืืจืื:
“…ืืืืืื ืืืืืืช “ืืจืื ืืืื ืืืืืื” ืขื ื ืกื ืืฉื”ืช ืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืจืื ื – ืฉืืฆืืื ื ืืื ืขื ืืืฉืืื ืืงืืืฉื ืืฉื ืช ืชืฉ”ื, ืืืืื ืืืจืืื ืืืืื – ืจืืกืื ื ืืืื ื ืืืงืืืืช ืืืืืื. ืืฆืืชื ื ืืืช – ืืืชื ืจืฆืืคื ืฉืืฉืืช ืฉื ื ืืกืื ืืืืื ืื ืกืชืจืื ืืืื ืืงืจ, ืืืืืฉ ืจืืื ื ืืช ืืฉืืืชื ืฉื ื ืืชื ืืชืืจื ืฉืืืืืื ื – ืฉืื ืชืฉืื ืืคื ืืจืขื. ืืืืขื ืื ืืฉืจ ืื ืขืื ืืช ืืืฉืืื ืืงืืืฉื ืืขืชืืช ื ืืืืืื – ื ืืฆืื ืขืื.
ืืื ืืืืืช ืืืฉืืื ืืืจืฆืืช ืจืืืงืืช ืืืืฆืืื ืืงืฉืื ืืืืชืจ – ืืืฉืืื ืืืืืืจื ืชืืืื ืชืืจืชื ืืืชืจ ืฉืืช, ืืืื ืฉืืฉื ืืชื ืืคืื ื ืืืจืืฆืช ืชืืจื ืืืืจืืช ืงืจื ืืชืืจื ืืืืจืื, ืืืจืฅ ืืืื”ื, ืื ืชืงืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ื ืื ืฉืืจ ืืคืืืื”.
ืืฉืืืื ืืืื
Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shpitzer Shlita
ื ื
ืืขื ืื ืืฉืื ืืจืื
ืืืืจ ืืคืืื ืืชืื ืฉื ืืื ืืฉืื ื
ืข’ ืฉืืช ื”ื ืฉืืื ืืืืืื ืืืื ืื ืืฉืื ืืจืื, ืืข’ ืืืืจืืช ื’ ืคื ”ื ืื ืืจืื ืืืขืื ืืืฉืจืื.
ืืข’ ืื ืืจืช ืืืืืจ ื’ ื’ ื’ ืืืืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืื ืืฉืื ืืจืื, ืืืฅ ืื’ ืืืืืื ืืืืืื ืข”ืฉ. ืืข’ ืืืจืฉ”ื ืกื ื’ ืฆ”ื ืข”ื ื”ื ืืืืจ ืคืชื ืืืืจ, ืืืืืืืื ืืื ืขื ืืฉืจืื ืืืื ืื ืืจืื. ืื”ืฉ ืืคื ืืืืจืืช ื’ ืคื ”ื ืื ”ื.
ืืข’ ืฉืืื ืืืงื ืจืค”ื ืืขื ืื ืืืืื ืืืืจืื ืืืืจืืื.
ืืข’ ืชืืก’ ืืจืืืช ื’ ืข”ื ืืืื ืืืขื ืืงืืืฉ ืืืฉืื ืืจืื ืืื ืฉืื ืืงื ืื ืืฉืื ืืคื ืื, ืืชืืก’ ืืื ืฉืืฉ ืขืื ืฉืืืื. ืืข’ ืืืืฉ ื ”ื ืืืืฉื ืงื’ ืชืืก’ ืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืจืื ืชืคืื ืขื ืืืืืื ืืืฉ ืืืืฉ ืืฉืื ืืืืื ืืื.
ืืข’ ื”ื ืกื’ ื ”ื ืืฆื ืื ืฉื ืชืืก’ ืืื ืืฉืืืชื ืฉื ืืืจืืืช ืฉืคื’ ืืื ืฉืืื ืจืื ืงืื ืขื ืืืืช ืืฉืื ืืฉื ื’ ืื ืืื ืงื ืืื ืืงืืง, ืืื ืื ืคืืจืืฉืย ืืคืฉืืื ืฉืฉืื ืืื ืืืื, ื”ื ืืื ื ืฉืื ืืืื ืฉืืงื ืื ืื ื).
ืืข’ ืชืคืืจืช ืืื ืชื ืค’ ืืืจื, ืขื”ืค ืืงื ื ื, ืืคืืจืฉ”ื ืืขืจืืื ื ืืื ืื, ืืฆ”ืข ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืจืช, ืืชื’ ืื ืืืืจ ืขืืื ืืฉื”ืง, ืืืจื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืืื ืื ืืฉืื ืืจืื, ืืืชื ืื”ื ืฉืืจ ืืฉืื ืืช, ืื”ื ืข”ื ืืืืจ ืขืืื ืืฉื”ืง, ืืืจื ืจืง ืืืจืื ืืืื ืืฉื”ืง, ืืืื ืื ืืืืื ืฉืื ืืืืืื. ืืืื ืชื’ ืจืฉ”ื ืืขืจืืื ื ืืื ืื, ืืืจืื”ื ืืืฉืื ืืจืื ืฉืืืืฉ ืฉื ืืฉื”ืง, ืืืื ืืฉื ืฉืื ืขืจืืื.
ืืื ืฉืืชื ืขื ืฉืืจ ืืฉืื ืืช ืข’ ืืื ืื’ ืจื”ืฉ ืืจืืืช ืค”ื ืกื’ ื’ ืืจ’ ืืื ื ืืขื ืื ืชืคืื ืืฉืืจ ืืฉืื ืืช. ืืืชืคืื ืืืืจืื ืืืงืืืฉ ืืืืฆืจื ืื ืืช ืจืื ืืฉืคื ืืจืืจื ืืื’ ืืข’ ืืื ืขืืจื ืฆืคื ืื ื’ ื’ ืฉืคื’ ืฉืคื ืืจืืจื ืืื ืืฉื”ืง, ืืข’ ืืจืื ืฉืืืจ ืขื ืชืคืื ืฉืคื’ ืื ืืืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืื ืืื ืืฉื”ืง, ืืจื”ืฉ ืืื.
(ืืข’ ืจื”ืฉ ืื ”ื ืืืื ืืืืืื ื ืืงืงืื ืืืฉืื ืืจืื ืืืงื ืื ืืื ืืฉืื ืืืื ื. ืืืฆื ืฉื ื ืืฆืื ื ืืืืืื ื’ ืข”ื ืืชืจืืื ืืื ืงืืืก ื ืืชื ืืกืื ื.
ืืข’ ืืขืื ื ืื”ื ืขื ืืจื”ืฉ ืื ”ื ืืจืืืช ืค”ื ืกืง”ื ืฉืืง’ ืืืื ืืืื ื ืืื ืืืชืจ ืืฉืืจ ืืฉืื ืืืจื ืืื ืงืจืื ืืืฉื”ืง, ืืชื’ ืืืืจืื ืื”ื ืืืื ื ืืื ืืืื ืืืฉืื ืืฉืืืฉ ืืืจืข ืืฉืืจ ืืฉืื ืฉืืื ืืฉืื ืืขืฆืื, ืืข”ืฉ ืื”ื ื”ื ืืฉืื ืขืจืื ืืื ืืจืืืช.
ืฉื”ืจ ืืืืจ ืค’ ืื ืื ืืฃ ืค”ื ืข”ื ืืื ืืืจ ื’ ืืืืื, ืืืืืช ืืืื ืืืจืื ืื ืืืจ ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืฉืื ืืจืื. ืืข”ืฉ ืขืื ืื ืืฉืื ืืจืื ื ืืืก. ืืข”ืฉ ืฉืืง’ ื”ื ืืืื ืชืจืื ืืื ืงืืืก ืืืฉืื ืืจืื, ืืชื’ ืื ืจืง ืืฆื ืืืืืืื ืืื ืืืืก.
ืืข’ ืืจื ืืืื ืค”ื ืื”ื ืืืฉืื ืืจืื ืืื ืืขืืื ืขืืืื ืืืชืจ ืืืฉื”ืง ืฉืื ื ืืจื ืืขืื”ื, ืืืื ืฉื ื ืืชืืืืืื ื ืชืงื ื ืืืฉืื ืืจืื.
ืืข’ ืฉืืื ืืืงื ืืืื ืืืืจืื ืื ืืืคืื ืืืฉื”ืง ืืื ืฉืื ืืืื ื ืืืืืงืื, ืืืง’ ืืฉื ืจ’ ืื ืืืื ืืืจื ืืื ืืื ืฉืืืืจืื. ืืข’ ืืืฉื ืืงื ืื ืค’ ืื ื”ื ื”ื ืืืืฉื ืืฉืื ื ืืื ืฉืืืืื ืืืฉ ืืืืฉ ืื ืืืื ืฉืืืืจืื.
ืืข’ ืืจ”ื ืชื”ื ืงื”ื ื’ ืฉืืง’ ืืจืง ืืืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืื ืืจืืืช ืืฉื”ื ืืืืงืื.
ืืืจืืช ืฆืืงืืช ืืชืืจื
Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Nosson Tzvi Finkel ztโl
“ืืื ืชืืืืืช ื ื ื ื ืืืฉ ืฆืืืง ืชืืื ืืื ืืืืจืืชืื ืืช ืืืืงืื ืืชืืื ื ื”, ืืืจืฉ”ื ‘ืืฉ ืืจืืืชืื ื ืืืจืฉืื ืืืชื ืืฉืื ืื ืฉืื ืฉืืืื ืืื ืืืืจ ืฆืืืงืื ืืื ืฆืืืง ืืืชืจ, ืืืฉ ืฉืืืจืฉืื ืืืชื ืืื ืื. ืืคื ืืืจื ืืื ืฆืืืง ืืืืื ืืื ืืืืจื ืฉื ืืืจืื ืื ืืื ื ืืฉื ืืืืื’ (ืืจืืฉืืช ื, ื)
ืกืืืืชื ืฉื ืืื ืืฉืคืืขื ืขื ืืืจืืืชื
ืืืืืจ ืืืืจื ืจืฉ”ื ืฉืืืืจื ืืืืจืฉืื ืืืชื ืืฉืื, ืืืื ื ื ืืื ื ืืฆื ืืืืจ ืฉื ืฆืืืงืื ืืื ืืชืขืื ืืืืืช ืฆืืืง ืืืชืจ, ืฉืืืื ืฉืืื ื ืืฆื ืืกืืืื ืืืื ืืืชืจ ืืื ืืชืขืื ืืืืจืื ืืืชืจ ืืืืื. ืืจืง ืืืืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืื ืฉื ืืืจื ืืื ืื ืืืืข ืืืจืืช ืฆืืงืืช ืื. ืืืื ืขืืื ื ืืืืื, ืืื ืืฉ ืืื ืื ืฉื ืืืืจ ืืฉื ืืช ืืช ืฆืืงืชื, ืืื ืืืืจ ืชืืื ืืืืจืืชื, ืฉืื ืืื ืืืืข ืืืืจืื ืื ืืื ืืืื ืฆืืืง ืืื ืื ืืืืข ืืื ื ืืืื ืฆืืืง.
ืืืืืื ืืืื ืืช ืืกืื ืื ืืืฉืคืขื ืฉื ืืกืืืื. ืฉืืฉ ืืื ืืกืืืื ืฉืืืื ื ืืฆื ืื ืืืฉืคืืข ืขื ืืืจืืชื, ืื ืืื ื ืืฆื ืืฆืืืืจ ืฉื ืื ืฉืื ืฆืืืงืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืชืขืืืช ืืืืจืืช ืฆืืงืืช ืืืืื ืืืชืจ, ืืืื ืืืื ืฉื ื ืืื ืืื ืื ืฉื ืืืจื ืฉืืืจืืช ืฆืืงืืชื ืืืืชื ืคืืืชื, ืขืืืื ืื ืืืืข ืืืืจืืช ‘ืฆืืืง ืืืชืจ’.
“ืฆืืืง ืืืชืจ” โ ืืขืื ืฉืืฉืืืื ืืื ืืฆืืืืจ
ืืืื ื ืืืื, ืฉืืฉ ืืจืืืช ืืืขืืช ืืื, ืืื ืืืื ืืืืืช ืขืื ืืชืืจื ืืืืชืืื ืื, ืืืจืืืช ืืชืคืืืืช ืืืืกืืื, ืืืืื ืืืกืจ ืืืืืืข ืืืืจืืชย ืฆืืืง, ืืื ืขืืืื ืืื ืื ืืืืข ืืืืจืืช ‘ืฆืืืง ืืืชืจ’. ืืจืง ืื ื ืืฆื ืืื ืฆืืืืจ ืฉื ืื ืฉืื ืฆืืืงืื ืฉืขืืฉืื ืืช ืืืชื ืืขืฉื ืืฆืืงืืช ืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืชืื ืืฆืืืืจ ืืชืขืื ืืืืจืืช ‘ืฆืืืง ืืืชืจ’. ืืขืืช ืืฆืืืืจ ืืื ื ืจืง ืืืืืช ืฉื ืขืืฉื ืืืฆืื ืืื ืืืืืืช ืืืชืขืืืช ืฉื ืฆืืืืจ ืขืืฉื ืืืฆืื, ืืืืื ืฉืื ืืื ืืจื ืืฉ ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืขื ืืืื ืืืืืช ื ืืคื ืืฆืืืืจ ืืืขืืื ืืช ืืงื”ื ืืืื ืขื ืืฆืืืืจ, ืฉืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืข ืืืจืื ืืืืื ืืืชืจ.
ืืฉืืฆืืืืจ ืฉืงืืขืื ืืชืืจื, ืืขืื ืืชืืจื ืืืชืคืืื, ืืื ืื ืืืืช ืืื ืืฆืืืืจ ืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืฉื ืื ืืืื ืืืืื, ืืื ืืืืื ืืช ืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืืช ืืืง ืืืฆืืืืจ,
ื”ื ืืชืืืื ืขืืฉืื ืืื ืืืฉ, ืืื ืืืจืฃ, ืืฉื ื ืื ืืฉ ืืืืฉ ืืืจ ื ืืกืฃ, ืืืืืืช ืืคื ืื ื ืืกืืชื ื”ืง ืฉืืื ืืกืืช ื ืคืืื, ืืฉ ืืื ืกืืืืืช ืืืืืืืืช ืืืกืืช ื”ืง, ืจืืฉืืช, ืืืืข ืืืืจ ืฉืฉืืฉื ืืคืจืงืื ืืจืืฉืื ืื ืื ืืขื ืื ืืขื ืื ืืืืชื ืขื ืื, ืื ืื ืืืืขืื ืืช ืืืื ืื ืืืืขืื ืืช ืื ืืื ื ืืจืืขืช ืืืืืช, ืฉืื ืื ืืกืจ ืืืืืขืช ืคืจืง ืืคืจื ืืกืจ ืืืื ืช ืคืจืง ืืื ืื, ืืื ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืืืืื ืืช ืื ืืื ื ืฉืืจ ืืืื ืืืขืช ืืช ืคืจืง ืฉืืจ ืฉื ืื ืืจืืขื ืืืืฉื,ย ืืื ืืคืฉืจย ืืืขืช ืืช ืื ืืื ื ืืืจ ืืืื ืืืขืช ืืช ืคืจืง ืืื ืื, ืืื ืืคืฉืจ ืืืขืช ืืช ืื ืืื ื ืืืขื ืืืื ืืืขืช ืืช ืคืจืง ืืืืื, ืืื ืืคืฉืจ ืืืขืช ืืช ืื ืืื ื ืืืขืจ ืืืื ืืืขืช ืืช ืคืจืง ืืืื ืก.
ืื ืืื ืืช ืื ืืชืืื ื ืืืืืืช ืืกืจ ืืืื ื ืืขืืงืจืืช, ืืืืืื ืืกืืช ื”ืง ืืคืฉืจ ืืฆืืื ืืืืืืช ืืืืื ืขืืื ืืืฉ, ืืืฅ ืืืย ืืืืืืื ืืจืืื ืื ืืฆืืื ืืจืืฉืื ืื ืขื ืืืกืืช, ืืฉ ืื ืืช ืืืืืืืช ืืขืืืงื ืืื, ืืืืืื ืื ืืืืืืฉ ืื ืงื ืืืชืจ, ืืืคืจื ืืฉื ื ืืขืืืจืช ืื ืฉืืฉื ื ืืืืฉ ืืืจ ื ืืกืฃ ืฆืจืืืื ืืืืกืืฃ ืืืืฅ ืขื ืื ืช ืืืืืฉ ืืช ืืกืืช ื”ืง ืืืืืช ืืืคืฉืจ, ืืื ืืืื ืืชืืกืจื ืืืืืื ืืืกืืช, ืืืื ืืืจ ืฉื ืฆืืืงืื, ืืืืจ ืืืืจื ื ืฉืืฉ ืฆืืืง ืืืฉ ‘ืฆืืืง ืืืชืจ’. ืืฆืืืืจ ืืืกืืฃ ืืืืื ืื ืืชืคืืื ืื ืืชืืจื, ืืคืฉืื ืฉืื ืืื ืื ืื ืกืืื, ืืื ืฉืื ืชืืจืืฅ ืฉืืืื ืืืกืืืจ ืืืืข ืืืืจ ืืกืจ ืืชืคืืื ืืืืงืจ, ืืืื ืฉืื ื ืืืฉื ืืืืช ืืืืจืฉ ืื ื ืืืฆื ืืงืื ืคื ืื ืื ืฉืชืื, ืฆืจืื ืืชืคืืื ืืืื ืืช ืื ืืืื”ื ืืืืขืื ืขื ืืืื, ืืื ืืืืื (ืข”ื ืืืืช) ืขื ืืืขืื.
ืื ืืฉ ืืจืืฉื ืืืืืืช ืืืคื ืืกืืช ื”ืง, ืฉืื ืื ืืืกืืช ืืจืืฉืื ื ืฉืืืืชื ืืืฉืืืช ืืืจ, ืืืืชื ื ืขืจ ืฆืขืืจ ืืืื ืืจืืข ืขืฉืจื, ืืืจืืฉ ืืฉืืื ืืืืื ืจืื ืืืืขืืจ ืืืืื ืคืื ืงื ืืฆืืง”ื ืืงื ืื ืฉืืฉืย ืจืื’ืื ืฉืืืืื ืืืชื ืื ืืื ื’ ืคืขืืื ืืชืืืืช ืืืกืืช ืืขื ืคืจืง ืืจืืื, ืกื ืืื ืืืืชื ืืืชื ืฉืฉ ืคืขืืื, ืืืืื ืืืช ืืืืชื ืขืื ืฉืืข ืคืขืืื! ืื ืืื ื ืืืชื ืืจืืฉ ืืฉืืื ืจ’ ืืืืืจ ืืืื ืืฆ”ื, ืืืื ืืฉ ืื ืืืืืืช ืืืืืืช ืืืกืืช ืื.
ืืืชืืืฅ ืืืฆืื ืืฆืืื ืืืชืจ ืื ืงืจืืช ืขื ืฉืื
ืืื ื ืื ืื ืชืืจื ืฉืืื ืืช ืขืฆืื, ืืื ืืืืฉืื ืืช ืืกืืช ื”ืง, ืืื ืืฆืืืืื ืืืืืื ืืกืืช ื”ืง, ืืืื ืฉืืื ืื ืืื ืืขืฆื ืืฉืืื ืืื ื ืขืฉืื ‘ืฆืืืง ืืืชืจ’. ืืื ืื ืฆื ืืช ืืกืืืื ืืืืชืจ ืืืื, ืืืื ืืืฉืื ืืืงื ืืช ืืขืื ืื ืฉื ‘ืฆืืืง ืืืชืจ’..
ืืื ืชืฉืืื ืืื ืืฆืื ื ืืคืจืฉื. ืื ื ืืชืื ืืืืฉื ืืคืจืฉื (ื, ืื) ‘ืืืงื ืฉื ืืืคืช ืืช ืืฉืืื ืืืฉืืื ืขื ืฉืื ืฉื ืืื’ ืืคืืจืฉ ืจืฉ”ื ืืื ืืชืื ‘ืืืงืื’ ืืื ‘ืืืงื’ ืืืื ืขื ืฉื ืฉื ืชืืืฅ ืืืฆืื ืืืชืจ, ืืืืื ื, ืืืจืืช ืฉืฉื ืืื ืขืฉื ืืืชื ืืืืจ, ืืื ืืงืื ืืคืช ืืื ืืฉืืจ ืจืง ืืขืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืฉื ืืื ืืฉืืจ ืื ืืขืื”ื ืืื ืืขืื”ื, ืืคื ืฉื ืชืืืฅ ืืืชืจ.
ืืืืืื ืืืื ืืช ืืกืื ืืืื ืืขืืช ืืืชืืืฅ ืืืฆืื, ืฉืืื ืฉืืชืืืฅ ืืืชืจ ืืฆืืื ืืืชืจ, ืืื ืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืฆืื ื ืงืจืืช ืขื ืฉืื.ย ืืืืื ืฆืจืื ืกืืืขืชื ืืฉืืื ืืชืคืืื, ืืืื ืื ืืชืคืืื ืืฉ ืืช ืืขืืช ืืืชืืืฅ, ืฉืื ืืฉ ืืืชืคืื ‘ืืืืืื’ ืืคื ืืจืืืื, ืืืฉ ืืช ืืืชืืืฅ ืืืืื ืืชืคืืืชื, ืืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืกืจ ืื ืืชืืืฆืื ืืงื ืืช ืืช ืืืจืืช ืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืืืืข ืืืจืื ืืืจืืช ืฉืืื, ืื ืืืืง ืืื ืืกื ืืจืืืื ืืืช ืืืืฉ, ืจืง ืืืืจ ืฉืืชืืืฅ, ืืฆืืื ืืืืืืืื ืืืื ืื ืฉืืื ื ืืชืืืฅ ืืื ื ืืฆืืื, ืืืืชืืืฅ ืคืืจืืฉื ืืืืฅ ืืช ืื ืืืืืชืื, ืืื ืืื ืืืจ ืืืืข ืืืืืจ ืืช ืืืืืชืื ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืชืืืฅ.
ืขืืงืจ ืืืชืืืฆืืช, ืืืชืืืช ืืืืืื
ืืขืืื ื ืืืขืช, ืื ืืืืจ ืืืฉืื ืืืืชืจ ืฉืขื ืืืื ืืืชืืืฅ ืื, ืืื ืืืชืืื, ืื ืฆื ืืช ืืืื, ืืื ืืื ืืื ื ืคืื ืืืื, ืืืื ืืื ืฉืฉืขืื ืฉืืื ืงืฆืช ืืืฉ ืืื ืขืืื ื”ื ืืื, ืืคืขืืื ืืืื ืืืจ ืืืคืขืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืื, ืื ืืืื ืืคืขืืื ืืชืืืื ืืืคืขืืื ืื, ืื ืฉืื ืืชืืืฅ ืืฉืืืจ ืขื ืืื ื ืืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืจ.
ืืื ืืคืฉืจ ืืืฉืื ืงื ืื ืืฉืฉื ืคืจืงืื ืืืกืืช ื”ืง, ืืื ืืคืฉืจ ืืืืฉ ืืืื”ืช ืืกืืืืืช ืืืืจื, ืืื ืืคืฉืจ ืืืฉืื ืกืืคืืง ืืืืืื, ืจืง ืื ืื ืฆืืื ืืช ืืืื! ืขื ืกืืจ ื’ ืืืืืช ืื ืฉืขืชืืื ืืืฆื, ืื ืฉืืืฉ ืฉืขืืช, ืืคืืืช ืืจืืข ืฉืขืืช ืฉืืืืืช, ืื ืกืืจ ื’ ืฆืจืื ืืืืืช ืืคืืืช ืืจืืข ืฉืขืืช, ืื ืกืืจ ื’ ืฆืจืื ืืืืืช ืื ืคืืืช ืืฉื ื ืกืืจืื ืืจืืฉืื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืคื ืืืื, ‘ืืชืืืฅ’ ืคืืจืืฉื ืืื ืฆื ืืช ืืืื ืื ืจืืข ืืจืืข, ืืืื ืืื ืืชืขืื ืืื ืืฆืืืืจ ืืชืขืื ืขืื, ืืืืืื, ืื ืืื ื ืืชืืืฅ ืืืื ืฉืืื ืืคืกืื ืืขืื ืื ืืื ืืืืจ ืืืื ืืืืืื. ืืืื ืฉืืื ืืชืจืคื ืืืืืืื ืืืืจืื ืืช ืืืืจืื ืฉื ืื ืกืืืืชื, ืืื”ืฉ ืืืฉืื [ืื, ื] “ืื ืืชืจืคื ืืืืืืชื ืื ืืื ืืืขื ืืฉืืืช”. ืืืืฆืืืืช ืคื’ ืฉืืชืจืคื ืืืืืืชื ืืืื ื ืืืืืืช ืืชืืจื, ืขื”ืฉ. ืืืื ืืฉืืืช ืื ืืขืฆืื ืืื ืืืืจืื ืฉืืืจืืื ืืืืื. [ื.ื. ืืื ืืืกืืฃ ืืจื ืจื”ื ืืฆ”ื “ื’ืฉืื ืืฉืื’ ืฉื ืฉืืืจืช ืืืื ืืชืื ืขื ืืงืืจ ืืฆืจืื ืืืืืช ืืจืื ืืืืื! ืฉืืื ืืืจืฃ ืื ืืืืืื ืืช ืืกืืช ื”ืง ืฆืจืื ืืขืืืจ ืืชืื ืืืืขื ืืขืืืืืช ืืชืืจื, ืืขื ืืืื ืืขืกืืง ืื ืืืชืืื ืจืื]”.
ืืขืื ืืชืืจื ืืชืขืื ืืืจืืชื ืืืืื
ืื ืจืื ืฉืขืื ืืคืฉืจ ืืืืื ืืคืจืฉื ืื, ืื ื ืืจืฉ”ื ืืืืืจ ืขื ืคื ืืื ืืืืจืฉืื ืืฉืื, ืฉืืฉ ืืช ืืขืืช ‘ืฆืืืง’ ืืืฉ ืืช ืืขืืช ‘ืฆืืืง ืืืชืจ’, ืืืขืื ืฉื ื ืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืชืขืืืช ืืืจืืช ‘ืฆืืืง ืืืชืจ’, ืืื ืืกืืืข ืืื ืฉื ืืืจื ืฉื ืืืจืื, ืืจื ืฉืืืจืื ืขืฆืื ืืชืืืง ืืืืื ืืืืืข ืืืขืื ืื ืืืื ืืื ืกืืืข ืฉื ืื ืฉื ืืืจื, ืฉืืจื ืื ืฉื ืืืจื ืฉื ืืืจืื ืืื ืืืื ืขืืืื ืข”ื, ืืืื ืืขืฆืื ืืืื ืืช ืืงื”ื, ืืืื ืื ืฉืืื ืืจืืืฅ ืืืืื ื ืืขืืื. ืืื ื ื ืืื ืื ืืชืื ืืฆื ืื, ืืื ืืชืขืื ืืืจื ืื ืื ืฉื ืขืฉื ืข”ื ืืืจืื. ื ืืฆืื ื ืืืืืื ืฉืืฉ ืืื ืฉืืืื ืืืชืืืง ืืืืื ืขื ืื ืช ืืืืืข ืืืขืื ืื ืืืฉ ืืืย ืฉืฆืจืื ืกืืืข ืขื ืื ืช ืืืืืข ืืืขืื ืื, ืืืืื ื, ืืืืจ ืฉืื ืืื ืืืจ ืื ืืืจื, ืืืื ืืืจ ืขืื ืืชืืจื ืืืื ืืื ืืืชืขืืืช ืืืจืืชื ืืืืื ืืืื ืกืืืข, ืืื ืขื ืืื ืืืชืืืฆืืช ืืืขืื ืฉืื ืืืคื.
ืื ื ืืืื ืฉืื ืืื ืจืืฆื ืฉืืื ืืืืจืฃ ืืื ืฉืื ืืืืืื ืืกืืช ื”ืง ืืืื ืืื ืฉื ืืืืขื ืขืฆืืื ืืชืืจื, ื”ื ืืื ืืชื ืืืืจืฉืืช ืืฉ ืืชืขืืืช ืขืฆืืื ืืชืืจื ืื ืืืืืขื ืืื ืืืชืืื. ืืขืืื ื ืืฉืืืจ ืฉืื ืชืืื ืฉืื ืืชืจืฉืืืช, ืืื ืืฉืจืื ืขืจืืื ืื ืืื, ืขืื ืื ื ืืืงืฉ ืืื ืืฉืื ืฉื ืืงืฉื, ืฉืืืช ืืืืจืฉ ืืืื ืืื ืืืืืฉ ืืฉืขืช ืืชืคืืืืช, ืืฉืืชืคืืื ืชืืื ืืชืื ืืชืขืฆืืืช. ืืืชืคืื ืื ืืงื”ื ืืืืคืืง ืืืง ืขื ืฉืขืจื ืฉืืื ืขื ืื ืช ืืงืื ืกืืขืชื ืืฉืืื ืฉืืืื ืืคืฉืจ ืืืชืขืืืช ืืชืืจื, ืืจืง ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืืฆืืื ืืืืืืช ืืชืืืืื ืืฉืงืืขืื ืืชืืจื ืืืื ืืชืืืืืช ืืืืคื ืฉืืขืืื, ืืืื ืฉืืื ืืชืืืฅ ืืืชืจ ืืฆืืื ืืืชืจ.
ืืื ื ืืื ืฉืืฆืื ื ืืืืื ืฉื ื ืฉืฆืืจืฃ ืืช ืื ืืืืืช ืืชืืื ืืชืื ืืืืืช ื ืืฆื ืื ืืืืื, ืืื ืืืื ืื ืื ื ืื ืืฆืืื ืืชืืื ืืืช ืฉืืื ืฉืืื ืช ืืืช ืืฉืจืื, ืืืฉ ืงืืจืืื ืืืชื “ืฉืืื ืช ืืฉืืืช ืืืจ”, ืฆืจืืืื ืืืืง ืืืื ืืช ืืฉื ื ืืคืืคืื ืืืจืื ืืื ืืืฆื ืื ืืืื, ืืืงืื ืขื ืขืฆืื ื ืขืื ืชืืจื ืืืฆืืืช ืืื ืืื ืืฉืืืข ืฉืืืข. ืื’ ืืืื ืขืืื ืืืฆืืื ืืื ืืขืฉืืื.
โซโชParshaโฌโฌ โซโชPreview
Harav Hagaon Meir Wahrsager Shlita
Transforming Din to Rachamim
Parashas Noach
Harav Hagaon Meir Wahrsager Shlita
After Noach comes out of the teivah he brings korbanos to Hashem, and the passuk says:
ืึทืึผึธืจึทื ื’ ืึถืช ืจึตืืึท ืึทื ึผึดืืึนืึท ืึทืึผึนืืึถืจ ื’ ืึถื ืึดืึผืึน ืึนื ืึนืกึดืฃ ืึฐืงึทืึผึตื ืขืึนื ืึถืช ืึธืึฒืึธืึธื ืึผึทืขึฒืืึผืจ ืึธืึธืึธื ืึผึดื ืึตืฆึถืจ ืึตื ืึธืึธืึธื ืจึทืข ืึดื ึผึฐืขึปืจึธืื ืึฐืึนื ืึนืกึดืฃ ืขืึนื ืึฐืึทืึผืึนืช ืึถืช ืึผึธื ืึทื ืึผึทืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืขึธืฉืึดืืชึดื.
Hakadosh Baruch Hu promises that he will never again bring a Mabul to destroy the entire world, and the reason He gives for this is that a person has a yetzer hara:ืึผึดื ืึตืฆึถืจ ืึตื ืึธืึธืึธื ืจึทืข ืึดื ึผึฐืขึปืจึธืื. The Ramban explains that this is a limud zechus โ of course thereโs going to be cheit again, but, says Hakadosh Baruch Hu, what can a person do? Heโs born with a yetzer hara from birth and heโs bound to sin; he canโt totally avoid cheit, as the passuk says: ืึผึดื ืึธืึธื ืึตืื ืฆึทืึผึดืืง ืึผึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึทืขึฒืฉืึถื ืึผืึนื ืึฐืึนื ืึถืึฑืึธื.
The meforshim note an obvious contradiction here: At the end of Parashas Bereishis, this very same explanation is given as the reason Hakadosh Baruch Hu regretted creating humanity and decided to bring the Mabul to destroy them:
ืึทืึผึทืจึฐื ื’ ืึผึดื ืจึทืึผึธื ืจึธืขึทืช ืึธืึธืึธื ืึผึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึฐืึธื ืึตืฆึถืจ ืึทืึฐืฉืึฐืึนืช ืึดืึผืึน ืจึทืง ืจึทืข ืึผึธื ืึทืึผืึนื. ืึทืึผึดื ึผึธืึถื ื’ ืึผึดื ืขึธืฉืึธื ืึถืช ืึธืึธืึธื.
How can it be that the same rationale is a reason for destroying mankind and a reason not to destroy mankind? Is the fact that man has a yetzer hara grounds for prosecution and for Hashem stopping to sustain the world, or is it grounds for justifying manโs tendency toward cheit and for refraining from bringing another Mabul?
It seems very clear that the difference between these two statements is found in the words: ืึทืึผึธืจึทื ื’ ืึถืช ืจึตืืึท ืึทื ึผึดืืึนืึท. Apparently, the korbanos caused a change of perspective that transformed the prosecutorial argument against man โ ืึฐืึธื ืึตืฆึถืจ ืึทืึฐืฉืึฐืึนืช ืึดืึผืึน ืจึทืง ืจึทืข ืึผึธื ืึทืึผืึนื โ into a defense argument validating his existence: ืึผึดื ืึตืฆึถืจ ืึตื ืึธืึธืึธื ืจึทืข ืึดื ึผึฐืขึปืจึธืื.
I believe this idea is almost explicit in the Gemara (Eruvin 65a) that says:ืืืจ ืจืื ืื ืื ื ืื ืืืชืคืชื ืืืื ื ืืฉ ืื ืืืขืช ืงืื ื ืฉื ืืืจ ืืืจื ื’ ืืช ืจืื ืื ืืื โ if a person is swayed by his wine, he is similar to his Creator. Rashi explains that a person who uses wine to allow himself to have a change of heart and be able to forgive and understand somebody is similar to Hakadosh Baruch Hu, who allowed Himself to be โswayedโ by Noachโs korbanos and understand man better.
How did this change of heart happen?
Rachamim: A Route to Din
The Ben Yehoyada explains, using Kabbalistic terminology, that korbanos are gevuros and aish and actually feed the middas hadin, the wrath of Hakadosh Baruch Hu, which is then transformed into rachamim.
Noachโs korbanos changed middas hadin to middas harachamim. In the perspective of middas hadin, manโs tendency to sin and veer away from ratzon Hashem is grounds for bringing the Mabul. But when this perspective is changed to middas harachamim, manโs tendency to sin is viewed with rachmanus: he has no choice but to sin, and he deserves understanding.
How exactly do korbanos accomplish this softening of perspective?
We find a similar transformation of middas hadin to middas harachamim earlier in the parashah, in the passuk: ืึทืึผึดืึฐืึผึนืจ ืึฑืึนืงึดืื ืึถืช ื ึนืึท ืึฐืึตืช ืึผึธื ืึทืึทืึผึธื… โ Hakadosh Baruch Hu remembered Noach and caused the water to subside, which eventually saved Noach. This sounds like an act of rachamim, but the Name of Hashem used in this passuk is โElokim,โ which is middas hadin. Rashi explains that the tefillah of tzaddikim has the power to transform middas hadin into middas harachamim, so this was actually middas harachamim.
If middas hadin was changed to middas harachamim, why does the passuk use the Name โElokimโ?
The answer seems clear: The fact that middas hadin was changed to middas harachamim doesnโt mean that Hashem originally considered using middas hadin and ultimately decided to use middas harachamim. Rather, it means that middas hadin itself spurred Hakadosh Baruch Hu to show mercy. In other words, tzaddikim have the power to cause the middas hadin to agree that rachamim โ the diametric opposite of middas hadin โ is called for.
We find this process at the very beginning of Creation, in the first passuk of Parashas Bereishis: ืึผึฐืจึตืืฉืึดืืช ืึผึธืจึธื ืึฑืึนืงึดืื ืึตืช ืึทืฉึผืึธืึทืึดื ืึฐืึตืช ืึธืึธืจึถืฅ. Rashi comments that Hashemโs initial plan was create the world with middas hadin, but He saw that the world could not survive that way, so He joined middas harachamim to middas hadin.
The Sfas Emes on Parashas Bereishis explains this in a similar way, saying that what happened here was not that Hashem had a hava amina to create the word with din; He actually did create the world with the goal of middas hadin, except that he combined it with rachamim. This means that while middas harachamim is woven into the fabric of Creation, itโs only a means to get to the end of middas hadin, which is the true purpose and the ultimate fulfillment of ratzon Hashem.
Middas hadin is the way things are supposed to be, and when you use middas harachamim youโre essentially contorting and perverting whatโs supposed to be. You donโt really gain anything by giving a discount, so to speak, because at the end of the day things donโt add up. Yet although the goal is unquestionably middas hadin, Hakadosh Baruch Hu decided that the way to get there is to use middas harachamim.
The Sfas Emes adds that this applies not only to Hakadosh Baruch Hu; itโs a process that the adam, the tzaddik โ every Yid โ is supposed to follow. On the ideological level of ืขืื ืืืืฉืื, a Yidโs ratzon is supposed to reflect middas hadin. Only in realm of practicality, the olam hamaaseh, does he use rachamim.
The Sfas Emes explains that the goal of every single Yid should be to fulfill all of Shulchan Aruch with absolute shleimus, without skipping anything. Thatโs what weโre trying to do, but realistically, weโre prone to making mistakes along the way. In this world, itโs not possible to be perfect: ืึตืื ืฆึทืึผึดืืง ืึผึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึทืขึฒืฉืึถื ืึผืึนื ืึฐืึนื ืึถืึฑืึธื. We therefore have to know that we might skip something along the way and we have to be understanding of ourselves โ as long as our goal is to get to middas hadin, to shleimus, to complete fulfillment of ratzon Hashem.
Tefillas Tzaddikim: Asking for TimeI think this is how the tefillah of tzaddikim has the power to transform middas hadin to middas harachamim.
Some people ask Hakadosh Baruch Hu to have rachmanus, to bend the rules, because thatโs the way they want to stay forever; they canโt even visualize and aim for middas hadin. But this approach might not elicit middas harachamim when thereโs middas hadin. ย The tzaddik, however, acknowledges the existence of middas hadin and says, โI realize that this is the way itโs supposed to be, and in reality the world deserves destruction. But Iโm asking that Hakadosh Baruch Hu, in His kindness, should make room for middas harachamim because we want to eventually come to middas hadin.โ In response, the middas hadin says, โAgreed. I realize that Hakadosh Baruch Hu created a yetzer hara.โ Even middas hadin agrees to incorporate middas harachamim โ in order to get back to middas hadin.
Thatโs the process by which tefillas tzaddikim transforms middas hadin into middas harachamim: it allows the middas hadin to make place for middas harachamim.
This is the difference between Parashas Bereishis and Parashas Noach. At the end of Parashas Bereishis, we see that middas hadin had no patience for man and did not understand him. Why? Because humanity reached a point where they identified with evil, and they therefore lost any realistic hope of coming back to middas hadin. Consequently, Hakadosh Baruch Hu had no room for rachamim. He could not give a โdiscount,โ because this was not what He created the world for; He created the world for it to come to emes, to achieving dveikus through fulfilling ratzon Hashem.
In Parashas Noach, Noachโs korbanos โ similar to tefillas tzaddikim โ validated the middas hadin, acknowledging that yes, we deserved to be destroyed; Hakadosh Baruch Hu is in charge and everything has to be according to His will; and from that place, within the realm of middas hadin, we want Hakadosh Baruch Hu to try to understand us.
This approach overturns the gevuros, and entices Hakadosh Baruch Hu into agreeing to use middas harachamim, turning the prosecutorial argument into a defense. Hakadosh Baruch Hu starts to justify humanity and say, โOh, theyโre headed in the right direction, and even if they have a yetzer hara and theyโre prone to cheit, theyโre aiming towards middas hadin.โ
This idea is very relevant to us, in this dor yasom, when we find ourselves falling short in so many areas: people donโt daven properly, they speak lashon hara, they look at things they shouldnโt.
Many people defend their shortcomings by arguing, โWell, Hakadosh Baruch Hu has to understand us. We canโt do what our forefathers used to do.โ
There are two approaches in this regard: that of Noachโs contemporaries in the Dor Hamabul, and Noachโs own approach. If a person reaches a point of surrender or despair โ even subconsciously โ where he abandons middas hadin and wants Hakadosh Baruch Hu to just understand his yetzer hara, then Hakadosh Baruch Hu is going to say no. Thatโs not a reason for rachamim, and thatโs going to elicit the perspective of middas hadin. If, however, a person takes the approach of the tefillas tzaddikim and Noachโs korbanos, then Hashem will understand him.
Even today, in ืชืฉ”ืค, we should realize that the gadlus haโadam is endless, and every Yid can fulfill ratzon Hashem and ultimately come to middas hadin, as the Sfas Emes teaches. Such a sheโifah is realistic, not a dream, and even if on the way we slip or fall, Hashem will understand. Thatโs the best defense we have, and that, as the Ramban says, is the limud zechus for the world.
We should all be zocheh to have the middas hadin transformed into middas harachamim, in the ultimate pursuit of perfection according to din.