BamidbarBamidbar

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•

ื•ื—ื ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ืฉ ืขืœ ืžื—ื ื”ื• ื•ืื™ืฉ ืขืœ ื“ื’ืœื• ืœืฆื‘ืื•ืชื. ื•ื”ืœื•ื™ื ื™ื—ื ื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืžืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืขื“ืช ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืฆืฃ ืขืœ ืขื“ืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืฉืžืจื• ื”ืœื•ื™ื ืืช ืžืฉืžืจืช ืžืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืขื“ื•ืช. (ื, ื ื‘-ื ื’)
ื‘ื™ืืจ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ื”ื’ื””ืฆ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืจื•ื—ื ืœื™ื•ื•ืื•ื™ืฅ ื–ืฆื•ืงโ€ืœ (ื“ืขืช ืชื•ืจื” ืกื•): ืœื™ืžื“ื” ืื•ืชื ื• ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื”ืงืคื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืฉื ื”ื™ื ืžื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื™ืจืื”, ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืคืœื™ื’ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืง’ ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื—ื ื™ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ืฉ ืขืœ ื“ื’ืœื•, ืฉืืกืจื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื‘ื˜ ืœื•ื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื—ืจืช ืžืœื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืฉืœื•, ื•ืืฃ ืœื ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•, ื•ื’ื“ืจื” ื–ืืช ื‘ืขื•ื ืฉ ืžื™ืชื” ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืœื•ื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ื”, ืืœื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžืขืœืช ื”ืกื“ืจ ืื™ื ื” ืžืขืœื” ื ืจื“ืคืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”’ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืืœื ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ืจื— ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืื“ื ื”ืฉื•ืืฃ ืœื”ืชืขืœื•ืช.

ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืขืœื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ื”ืงืคื“ื” ืขืœ ืžื™ื“ืช ื”’ืกื“ืจ’. ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข, ืฉื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืžื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื ื™ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืื“ื. ืื•ืœื ืื“ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ืฉื’ื” ื–ื•, ืจื›ืฉ ืœืขืฆืžื• ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืœืชืงื ื ื›ืœ ืฆืจื›ื•. ืืžื ื ื”ืื“ื ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื–ื›ื” ืœืงื ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ื• ืžืขืœื” ื–ื•, ื ืฆืจืš ืœื”ื™ืื‘ืง ื‘ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืจืขื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืžืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื•. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื™ื ื• (ืžื›ื™ืœืชื ื™ืชืจื•, ืคืจืฉื” ื‘): โ€ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืชโ€.

ื•ื”ื ื”, ืื“ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื–ื›ื” ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื”ืงืคื“ื” ืขืœ ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืกื“ืจ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืฉื, ื”ืจื™ ื”ืกื™ืจ ืžืขืฆืžื• ื—ืœืง ื ื™ื›ืจ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืชื• ืขื ื”ื™ืฆืจ, ื•ืื™ื ื• ื ืฆืจืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื›ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืงื‘ืข ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืœืงื™ื™ื ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืชื• ื•ื‘ื–ืžื ื•, ื•ืœื™ื™ื—ื“ ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื•ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื” ื•ืžืขืฉื”. ื ืžืฆื, ืฉื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื›ื•ื— ืœืฉื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืขื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื™ื””ืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืงืคื“ื” ื–ื• ืœืงื‘ื•ื› ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื–ืžื ื• ื•ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื ื›ื•ืŸ.

ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื–ื• ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืœืื“ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช. ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ืืช ืื•ืจื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืกื“ืจ, ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืขืฉื”.

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื

Finkel, Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Nosson Tzvi ztโ€l

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืขื“ ื›ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช
ื‘ืื—ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ื”ื’ื™ืข ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ื ืชืŸ ืฆื‘ื™ ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ ืœืžื ื—ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”. ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืืžืจ ืœืžืœื•ื•ื”ื• ืฉื™ืœืš, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืœืœืžื•ื“.

ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื• ื›ืžื” ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™ ื—ืœืฉ ื•ืžื•ืชืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ, ื•ืฉืืœื• ืื•ืชื• ืื ืœืœื•ื•ืชื• ืœื‘ื™ืชื•, ื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืžืœื•ื•ื”ื• ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ื›ื— ื‘ืžืงื•ื. ืžืจืŸ ื–ืฆ”ืœ ืœื ื”ืกื›ื™ื ื•ืืžืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื•ืš: “ืื ื™ ืžืคื—ื“ ืœืœื›ืช, ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ื›ืขืกื• ืขืœื™”. (ื›ื ืจืื” ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืื—ืจื™ ืœื™ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขืจ, ืขืœ ืืฃ ื—ื•ืœืฉืชื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ืฉืืจ ืฉื•ื‘ ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”). ืจ”ื™ ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืž”ื“ ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื• ืœืžืจื•ืช ื—ื•ืœืฉืชื• ื”ืจื‘ื”. ืจืง ืœืคื ื•ืช ืขืจื‘ ื”ืกื›ื™ื ืžืจืŸ ืฉื™ืœื•ื• ืื•ืชื• ืœื‘ื™ืชื•.

ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืจืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื—ืœืฉ ืขื“ ืฉืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ื›ืœืœ ืœื–ื•ื– ืœื‘ื“ื• ื•ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงื—ืชื• ืขื“ ืœื‘ื™ืชื•. ื›ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื‘ื™ืช, ืกื™ืžืŸ ืžืจืŸ ืจื””ื™ ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™ื•ื• ืื•ืชื• ืฉื™ืžืชื™ื ื• ืื™ืชื• ื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื‘ื™ืช. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื— ืงืฆืช, ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืœืื•ืช ืชื•ื“ื” ื•ืคืจื™ื“ื”, ืื–ืจ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื ื•ืขืœื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช. ื ืจืื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉืžืชืืžืฅ ื”ื•ื ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื• ืœื‘ื™ืชื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœืฆืขืจ ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื›ืฉื™ืจืื• ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื—ืœืฉ ื”ื•ื.

ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืœื›ื”

Shpitzer, Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shlita

ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช

ื–ืžืŸ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจืชื ื•. ื•ืขืœ ืžืชื ื” ื–ื• ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ืœืžื“ื• ืžื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื›ื™ ืฉื ื”’ ืืงืจื ื”ื‘ื• ื’ื•ื“ืœ. ื•ื‘ืฉื•”ืข ื›ืชื‘ ื“ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืื”ื› ืื•ืžืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืจื”ื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื”. ื•ื”ืง’ ื”ื’ืจ”ื ืฉื”ืจื™ ื’ื ื‘ื”ืจื”ื•ืจ ืžืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ืช ืช”ืช. ื•ื‘ืฉืื’”ื ื“ื—ื” ื“ื›ืืŸ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื›ื™ ืฉื ื”’ ืืงืจื, ื•ื“ื•ืงื ืงืจื™ืื” ื‘ืคื”. ื•ืฆ”ืข ื“ืžืฉืžืข ื›ืžื• ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘, ื“ื”ืจื™ ืžืฆื“ ืžืฆื•ืช ืช”ืช ืžืงื™ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื”ืจื”ื•ืจ.

ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืœืคืจืฉ ื“ืขืช ื”ืฉื•”ืข ืขืค”ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืจื™”ื– ื‘ืฉื ื”ื’ืจ”ื— ื“ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื• ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ืช ืช”ืช ืืœื ืขืœ ื—ืคืฆื ืฉืœ ืช”ืช. ื•ื–ื” ืคื™ืจืฉื• ื“ืขืช ื”ืฉื•”ืข ื“ื‘ืขืœืžื ืก”ืœ ื“ื ืฉื™ื ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืŸ ืœื‘ืจืš ื•ืฆื•ื ื• ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืฉื”ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืจืžื ื•ืื™ืœื• ื›ืืŸ ืžื•ื“ื” ื”ืฉื•”ืข ื“ืฉืจื™ ืœื ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืคื™ืจืฉื• ื˜ืขืžื• ื›ื™ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ืคืฆื ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื”. ื•ืœืคื™”ื– ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื“ื–ื” ื˜ืขื ื”ืฉื•”ืข ื“ืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ืจื”ื•ืจ ื“ืืฃ ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืžืฆื•ืช ืช”ืช ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื—ืคืฆื ืฉืœ ืช”ืช ื•ื”ื—ืคืฆื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืžื• ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื›ื™ ืฉื ื”’ ืืงืจื.

ืื›ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืขื™ืจื• ื“ืงืฉื” ืœืคืจืฉ ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืฉื•”ืข ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืจ”ื— ื“ื”ืจื™ ืžืกืชืคืง ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื ืื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื””ืช ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืงื•ืจื ืœืฉื ืžืฆื•ืช ืช”ืช. ื•ื”ืจื™ ืขื›”ืค ื”ื•ื™ ื—ืคืฆื ืฉืœ ืช”ืช. ื•ืื ื ื™ืžื ื“ื”ืฉื•”ืข ืก”ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื•ืœื ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืจ”ื— ื—ื–ืจ ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืืžืื™ ืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ืจื”ื•ืจ.

ื•ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช ืช”ืช ืฉื ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื—ื“ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืชืžื™ื“ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ืœืžื“ืชื ื•ื”ื’ื™ืช ื‘ื• ื™ื•ืžื ื•ืœื™ืœื”, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืœื™ื“ืข ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ืฉื ื ืชื ืฉื™ื”ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืžื—ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื‘ืคื™ืš. ื•ื ืจืื” ื“ื‘ื”ืจื”ื•ืจ ืžืงื™ื™ื ื•ืฉื ื ืชื ืื‘ืœ ืžืฆื•ืช ื•ืœืžื“ืชื ื‘ืืžืช ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื™ื™ื ืืœื ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืคื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื””ืช ืืœื ืื ืžืงื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืžืงื™ื™ื ื’ื ืžืฆื•ืช ื•ืœืžื“ืชื.

ื•ื™ื“ื•ืข ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ื‘”ื™ ืื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฆืืช ืข”ื™ ืื”ื‘ื” ืจื‘ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ืœืžื•ื“ ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืคืœื”, ื“ืข”ื™ ืง”ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื–ื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื—ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื””ืช, ื•ื›ืชื‘ื• ื“ืžืฉื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื—ืกืจ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื—ืกืจ ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ืจืš ืข”ื– ื‘ืจื›ื””ืช. ื•ืœืคื™”ื– ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื”ื‘”ื™ ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ืฉื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืจืง ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“.

ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ - ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”

Ezrachi, Moreinu Hagaon Harav Yitzchok Shlita

ื›ืชื™’ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื’ ื’) “ื•ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ื”’ ืืœ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื‘ืื”ืœ ืžื•ืขื“” ื•ื›ื•’ ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘”ืŸ “ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืกืคืจ ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื ืฆื˜ื•ื• ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืขืžื“ื ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื‘ื ืกื™ื ื”ื ืขืฉื™ื ืœื”ื ืœืกืคืจ ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื” ื”’ ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื” ืขืžื”ื ืœื”ืคืœื™ื” ืข”ื›.

ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืกืง ืžืกืขื ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื‘ืงื•ืจื•ืช ืื•ืชื ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื’’ ื™ื–’) ื‘ื–ื””ืœ “ื•ื“ืข ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžืงืจื™ื”ื ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื’ืžื•ืจ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื’ื“ืœื• ื ืคืฉื ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ืช ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืœืกื‘ื” ื–ื• ืงืจืข ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื“ืช ืขื‘ืจื ืœืชื•ื›ื• ื•ืœื ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช, ื’ื ืื—ืจื™ ืฆืืชื ืžื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ืืœ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื•ืจ ื•ื‘ืื• ืœืžืจื” ื•ื›ื•’ ื•ื’ื ื™ืจื™ื“ืช ื”ืžืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ื•ืžื• ื•ืœื ืœื™ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื›ืœ ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื’ืžื•ืจ, ื›ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ‘ื•ืœืงื˜ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ื•ืžื• ืœืžืขืŸ ืื ืกื ื•’ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื™ื• ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื’ืžื•ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืข ื‘ื ืคืฉื•ืชื ืžื“ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ” ืข”ื›.

ืœืžื“ื™ื ืื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื™ืกื•ื“ ืžื•ืกื“, ื›ื™ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื• ืœื”ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื˜-ืื˜ ื™ืจื’ื™ืœื• ืขืฆืžื ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื ืื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. (ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื”ืžื•ืกื’ืจ ืคืจืง ืฉืœื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืš ืฉืื™ืŸ ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื•ื˜ื— ื‘ืจื’ืข ืื—ื“. ื•ืจื•ืื™ื ืื ื• ื›ื™ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ืœืื“ื ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช. ื•ื”ื–ื•ื›ื” ืฉืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœื• ื•ืœื‘ ื‘ืงืจื‘ื• ืžื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ืงื‘”ื” ืžืจื’ื™ืœื• ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ.)

ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืื“ื•ื ื ื• ื”ื’ืจ”ื ื–ื™ืข”ื (ืื‘ื ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื•) ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ื—ื•ืชืžื™ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ‘ืžืฉืขืŸ ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื— ืœืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื’ ื•ื–”ืœ “ืžืฉืขืŸ ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื— ืœืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื, ื’ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื˜ื— ืœืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ื˜ื—ื™ื ื‘ื• ื•ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืืœืชื ืœืื—ืจ ื–ืžืŸ, ืงื•ื“ื ื™ื‘ื•ื ืฉืืœืชื ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืขืŸ ืœื”ื ืฉืœื ื™ืื‘ื“ื• ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ื ื ื‘ื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš, ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ืงื•ื“ื ืฆืืชื ื”ืจืื ื ืคืœืื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉืขื ื• ื‘ื• ื•ื™ืฆืื• ื‘ืจื™ืฉ ื’ืœื™, ืœื›ืชืš ืื—ืจื™ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ ืœื ื–ืจื•ืขื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืื—ืฉื•ืจื•ืฉ ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื ืชืœื” ื”ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื” ืœื”ื ื’ื“ื•ืœืช ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืฉืจ ืงืจื ืœืคื ื™ื• ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื›ื” ื™ืขืฉื” ืœืื™ืฉ ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืœืš ื—ืคืฅ ื‘ื™ืงืจื•, ืกืขื“ ืื•ืชื ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ื ื ืงื•ื“ื ื™ืฆืื• ืžืืคืœื” ืœืื•ืจื” ืฉื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืคืขื ืฉื ื™ืช ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื‘ืœื‘ ืฉืžื—” ืข”ื›.

ื”ืจื™ ืฉื—ื™ื“ื“ ืขื•ื“ ืืช ืžืขืœืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื™ืžื“ื ื• ืฉืžื™ื“ื” ื–ื• ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื, ื•ืชื ืื™ ื”ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ‘ืจืื•ื™’ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืžื”ื• ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืชืœืžื•ื“ื” ืœืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืช, ื•ืžืคื ื™ ืžื” ื–ื” ื›ืš.

ย 

ย 

ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข – ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”

 

ื•ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ื ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื—ื™ื–ืจ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื•ืฉืืœ ื‘ืื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืฉืืœื• ืžื” ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื”, ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื•ื” ื”ื™ื” ื–ืืช ืœืœื ื›ื—ืœ ื•ืฉืจืง ื•ื‘ืœื ืฉืืœื•ืช ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืกืคืจื™ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื’’).

“ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”’ ืžืกื™ื ื™ ื‘ื, ื›ืฉื ื’ืœื” ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืœื™ืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื”ื•ื ื ื’ืœื”, ืืœื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช, ื‘ืชื—ืœื” ื”ืœืš ืืฆืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืขืฉื™ื• ื•ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืชื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืžืจื• ย ืœื• ืžื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื” ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืœื ืชืจืฆื—. ืืžืจื• ืœืคื ื™ื• ืจื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื›ืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ืื‘ื™ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื— ื”ื•ื ื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื• ืื‘ื™ื• ืืœื ืขืœ ื”ื—ืจื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื””

“ื”ืœืš ืœื• ืืฆืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืขืžื•ืŸ ื•ืžื•ืื‘ ื•ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืชื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืืžืจื• ืœื• ืžื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื”, ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืœื ืชื ืืฃ. ืืžืจื• ืœืคื ื™ื• ืจื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื›ืœ ืขืฆืžื ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืื™ื ื ื‘ืื™ื ืืœื ืžื ื™ืื•ืฃ, ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื””

“ื”ืœืš ืœื• ืืฆืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืžืจื• ืœื• ืžื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื”, ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืœื ืชื’ื ื‘, ืืžืจื• ืœืคื ื™ื• ืจื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื›ืœ ืขืฆืžื ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื ืื ืฉื™ื ืื™ื ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืืœื ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื ื‘ื” ื•ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื–ืœ, ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืื•ืžื” ื‘ืื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื ื”ืœืš ื•ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ื•ื“ืคืง ืขืœ ืคืชื—ื”, ืื ื™ืจืฆื• ื•ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื‘ื ืœื• ืืฆืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืžืจื• ืœื• ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข”

ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ‘ืžื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื”’ ื”ืื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื”ื ื•ืžืฉื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื ื”ื ืœื“ืขืช ื›ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืืช ืฉืื™ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื ืืช ื“ืจื›ื ื”ืจืขื”, ืžืกืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืœืขื•ืžืชื ื›ืฉื‘ื ืœื• ืืฆืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื™ื“ ื”ืงื“ื™ืžื• ื ืขืฉื” ืœื ืฉืžืข. ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืื ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื“ืขืชื ืฉืœ ื—ื–”ืœ ืืฉืจ ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉื• ืœื ื• ื›ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื–ื›ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืคืืช ืฉื‘ื˜ื—ื• ื‘ื”ืงื‘”ื”, ื•ืœื ื›ืื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ื“ืงื• ืื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืขื ืื•ืจื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ืจืขื™ื, ืืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืื ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืœื ืœื”ื™ืคืš ื—”ื•.

ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื’ืž’ (ืฉื‘ืช ืคื—.) ื”ื”ื•ื ืฆื“ื•ืงื™ ื“ื—ื–ื™ื™ื” ืœืจื‘ื ื“ืงื ืžืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืžืขืชื ื•ื™ืชื‘ื” ืืฆื‘ืขืชื ื“ื™ื“ื™ื” ืชื•ืชื™ ื›ืจืขื ื•ืงื ืžื™ื™ืฅ ื‘ื”ื• ื•ืงื ืžื‘ืขืŸ ืืฆื‘ืขืชื ื“ืžื. ื”ืœ ืขืžื ืคื–ื™ื–ื ื“ืงื“ืžื™ืชื• ืคื•ืžื™ื™ื›ื• ืœืื•ื“ื ื™ื™ื›ื• ืื›ืชื™ ื‘ืคื—ื–ื•ืชื™ื™ื›ื• ืงื™ื™ืžื™ืชื• ื‘ืจื™ืฉื ืื™ื‘ืขื™ ืœื›ื• ืœืžืฉืžืข ืื™ ืžืฆื™ืชื• ืงื‘ืœื™ืชื• ื•ืื™ ืœื ืœื ืงื‘ืœื™ืชื• ื”ืœ ืื ืŸ ื“ืกื’ื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืชื ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ืŸ ืชื•ืžืช ื™ืฉืจื™ื ืชื ื—ื ื”ื ืš ืื™ื ืฉื™ ื“ืกื’ืŸ ื‘ืขืœืœื™ื•ืชื ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื” ื•ืกืœืฃ ื‘ื•ื’ื“ื™ื ื™ืฉื“ื.

ื”ืจื™ ืฉืจื•ืื” ืื•ืชื• ืฆื“ื•ืงื™ ืืช ืจื‘ื ื‘ื”ืชืขืžืงื•ืชื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื™ื“ื™ื• ืชื—ืช ื™ืจื™ื›ื™ื• ื•ื“ื ื–ื‘ ืžืืฆื‘ืขื•ืชื™ื•. ื•ืžื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ืฉืขืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื• ืžืจื•ื‘ ืฉืงื™ืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื”, ื•ืžื‘ืœื™ ืžืฉื™ื ื ื—ื‘ืœื• ื™ื“ื™ื•, ื•ืื– ืกื ื˜ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื• ‘ืขืžื ืคื–ื™ื–ื’ ื•ืข”ื– ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื• ืจื‘ื ื›ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื•ืงื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืŸ ื•ืœื ืื–ื™ ื”ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืกื™ืœื•ืฃ ื•ืขื™ื•ื•ืช ‘ืกืœืฃ ื‘ื•ื’ื“ื™ื’ ืืš ืื ื• ื”ืฆื•ืขื“ื™ื ื‘ืชืžื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื—ื™ื ื‘ืงื‘”ื” ื•ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ืชื• ื•ืชื•ืจืชื• ื”ื’ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”, ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืื ื• ื‘ื”, ื ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื• ืชื•ืžืช ื™ืฉืจื™ื ืชื ื—ื.

ื ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื”ื ”ืœ ืฉื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืืช ืขืžื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืฆื ืžืขืžื“ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื‘ืขื–ื””ื™ ื ื‘ืืจ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื–ื”.

ย 

ย 

ืžืœืื›ื™ื, ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื›ื—

 

ื‘ื ื•ืชืŸ ื˜ืขื ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžื•”ื— ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืจ”ื— ืฉืžื•ืœืื‘ื™ืฅ ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ ืœืฉืžื• ื•ืœื–ื›ืจื• ืชืื•ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื ืคืฉ, ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืœื‘ืืจ (ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจ ืžืืžืจ ืกื˜’) ื‘ื–ื• ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื™ืกื•ื“ื”, ื“ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ื›ืชื™’ “ื•ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืืจืฅ ืฉื‘ืช ืœื“’ ืฉื“ืš ืœื ืชื–ืจืข ื•ื›ืจืžืš ืœื ืชื–ืžืจ” ื•ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ (ื•ื™ืง”ืจ ืค”ื ื’) “ื‘ืจื›ื• ื”’ ืžืœืื›ื™ื• ื’ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื›ื— ืขื•ืฉื™ ื“ื‘ืจื• ืœืฉืžืข ื‘ืงื•ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื•, ืืžืจ ืจ’ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืืœื• ืฉื•ืžืจื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ื”ื’ ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื ืื“ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื‘ืช ืื—ืช ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื—ื“ ืฉืžื ืœื›ืœ ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื”, ื•ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ืžื™ ื—ืงืœื™ื” ื‘ื™ื™ืจื ื›ืจืžื™ื” ื‘ื™ื™ืจื ื•ืฉืชื™ืง, (ืจื•ืื” ื›ืจืžื• ื•ืฉื“ื”ื• ืฉื•ืžืžื™ื ื•ืฉื•ืชืง) ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื–ื””

ื•ื‘ื™ืืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจื• ื™ื•ื ืื• ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืชื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื™ืชืจ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืื• ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ืืš ืฉื ื” ืฉืœืžื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืขืžืœื• ื”ืคืงืจ ืœื›ืœ ื•ื›ืœ ื“ื›ืคื™ืŸ ื™ืชื™ ื•ื™ืื›ืœ, ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื•ืœืฉืชื•ืง, ื–ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื›ื— ื‘ืŸ ืื ื•ืฉ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื•ืงื‘ืœื” ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื ื—ืœืฉืช ื‘ืžืฉื•ืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื–ืืช ืืœื ื›ื™ ืฉื•ืžืจื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื”ืžื” ืžืœืื›ื™ื, ‘ืžืœืื›ื™ื• ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื›ื— ืขื•ืฉื™ ื“ื‘ืจื•’.

ื•ืขืค”ื– ื‘ื™ืืจ ืžื” ืฉืื—ื–”ืœ (ืฉื‘ืช ืคื—.) “ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ืงื“ื™ืžื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืขืฉื” ืœื ืฉืžืข ื™ืฆืชื” ื‘ืช ืงื•ืœ ืžื™ ื’ืœื” ืœื‘ื ื™ ืจื– ื–ื” ืฉืžืœืื›ื™ ื”ืฉืจืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ืŸ ื‘ื•, ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ืจื›ื• ื”’ ืžืœืื›ื™ื• ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื›ื— ืขื•ืฉื™ ื“ื‘ืจื• ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื‘ืงื•ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื•, ื‘ืจื™ืฉื ืขื•ืฉื™ ื•ื”ื“ืจ ืœืฉืžื•ืข”

ื•ื›ืš ื‘ื™ืืจ ื“ืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉืกื•ื“ ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ืจืช ืžืœืื›ื™ื ื”ืžืงื“ื™ืžื™ื ืขืฉื™ื” ืœืฉืžื™ืขื”, ืžื—ืžืช ืฉื‘ืŸ ื”ืชืžื•ืชื” ืžื˜ื‘ืขื• ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืŸ ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ื˜ืจื ื™ื“ืข ื•ื™ืฉืžืข ืืช ืฉื ื“ืจืฉ ืžืžื ื•, ื•ื–ื”ื• ื›ื— ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืœืื›ื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื— ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืžืจื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ‘ืžื” ื ืื›ืœ’ ื•ื‘ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื• ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืฆืจ ืฉื•ืœื˜ ื›ืœืœ.

ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืืจ ื“ืžืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื–ื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ืื ื• ืขืœ ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ืžืขืœืชื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ,ย  ืฉื”ืœื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื–ื• ืœื ื ื™ืชื ื” ืจืง ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ ืกื’ื•ืœื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ื™ ืื ืœืื•ืžื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ, ื“ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื‘ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœืžืœืื›ื™ ืจื•ื ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื›ื—. ืขื›ืช”ื“

ืื ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื™ ืื™ื ื• ืžื˜ืขื ื™, ืจืื™ืชื™ ืžืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ืจ’ ื–ื•ืฉื ื–ืฆื•ืง”ืœ ื“ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื•ื ืœื›ืื•ืจ’ ืฉื”ืงื‘”ื” ื™ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžื‘ืจื›ืชื•, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ื•ื‘ืจื ืขืœืžื, ื”ื› ื‘ืฉื ื” ื–ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื” ื™ืื›ืœื•, ื•ืžืŸ ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื•ื ืฉืฆื™ื•ื•ืชื™ ืืช ื‘ืจื›ืชื™, ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื”, ืืš ื”ืืžืช ื“ื–ื” ื”ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืขืฆื ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉืœื ืœืขื‘ื“ื” ื›ื™ ืžืžื™ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื–ื”ื• ืจืง ืืฆืœ ื”ื‘ื•ื˜ื— ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืชืง ืื›ืŸ ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื— ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ื— ืฉืชื™ืงืชื• ื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ื ื•, ื•ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ื•ื›ื™ ืชืืžืจื• ืžื” ื ืื›ืœ ื•ื›ื•’, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœื ื‘ื˜ื— ื›”ื› ื•ืœื ืฉืชืง, ืื–ื™ ืœื›ืื•ืจ’ ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืฉืืขืค”ื› ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ‘ืฆื•ื•ื™ืชื™ ืืช ื‘ืจื›ืชื™’. ื›ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื›ื ”ืœ.

ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื• ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื—ื–”ืœ “ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ืžื™ื” ื—ืงืœื™ื” ื‘ื™ื™ืจื ื•ืฉืชื™ืง ื›ืจืžื™ื” ื‘ื™ื™ืจื ื•ืฉืชื™ืง” ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืื™ื ื• ืฉื•ืืœ ื•ื“ื•”ืง.

 

 

‘ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ื˜ื—ื• ื‘ืš. ื•ืชืœืžื“ื ื—ื•ืงื™ ื—ื™ื™ื’

 

ื”ื ื” ืžื™ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ืื ื• ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ‘ืื”ื‘ื” ืจื‘ื”’ “ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืžืœื›ื ื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ื˜ื—ื• ื‘ืš ื•ืชืœืžื“ื ื—ื•ืงื™ ื—ื™ื™ื”. ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื–ื›ื• ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื˜ื—ื• ื‘ื• ื‘ื”ืงื‘”ื”, ื•ืื ื• ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ื•ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื “ื›ืŸ ืชื—ื•ื ื ื• ื•ืชืœืžื“ื ื• ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืื‘ ื”ืจื—ืžืŸ ื”ืžืจื—ื ืจื—ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื ื• ื‘ื™ื ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื•ืœืœืžื“” ื•ืžืžืฉ ื›ืชืคื™ืœืช ื—ื•ืœื” ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื–ืงื•ืง ืœืจืคื•ืื” ื›ืŸ ืื ื• ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ื•ืžืคื™ืœื™ื ืชื—ื™ื ืชื ื• ืฉ’ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืื‘ ื”ืจื—ืžืŸ’ ื™ื—ื•ืŸ ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื” ืœื”ื‘ื ืช ืจื–ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉืœ ืžื”, ื•ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืžื™, “ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ื˜ื—ื• ื‘ืš ื•ืชืœืžื“ื ื—ื•ืงื™ ื—ื™ื™ื”.

ื•ืžืขื•ื“ื™ ื”ื•ืงืฉื” ืœื™, ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืื ื• ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืชื•ืจื” ื›ื™ ‘ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ื˜ื—ื• ื‘ืš’ ืขืœ ืžื” ืืคื•ื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ, ืื ื”ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ ืขืœ ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•, ืื–ื™ ืžื” ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ืœืœ ืœืชื•ืจื”.

ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉ’ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ื˜ื—ื• ื‘ืš’ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืขืœ ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืชื’ืœืชื” ื‘ืกื™ื ื™, ื‘ืขืช ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉืขื” ืฉืืžืจื• ื›ืื—ื“ ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข, ื•ืœื ืฉืืœื• ืžื” ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื”. ืจืง ืžื›ื— ืคืขื•ืœื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืžืชื—ื ื ื™ื ืื ื• ืืคื•ื ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื—ื•ืŸ ืื•ืชื ื• ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ืชื•ืจืชื•, ื•ื™ืื™ืจ ืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ื‘ืื•ืจื”, ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืื ื• ‘ื‘ืฉื ืงื•ื“ืฉื• ื‘ื˜ื—ื ื•’ ื•ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื• ื‘ื•ื˜ื—ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ื•ืžื”ืจื”ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื”, ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื–ื” ื ื–ื›ื” ืœ’ื ื’ื™ืœื” ื•ื ืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืขืชืš’.

ย 

ย 

ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ื”ื•ื ืชื ืื™ ืœืชื•ืจื”

 

ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžื—ื“ ื•ื–ื›ื•ืช ืžืื™ื“ืš. ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืœื” ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ‘ื‘ืŸ ืชื•ืจื”’ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื”ื ืœื ื• ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ืืœื™ื”, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื–ื”, ืื™ืŸ ื–ืืช ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ.

ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ, ืขืช ื•ืฉืขื”, ื›ื”ืขืช ื”ื–ื•, ืžืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืœืคื ื™ื ื• ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ื”ืžื” ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื”ื. ืชืžื™ื“ ืงืžื• ืขืœื™ื ื• ื•ื›ืฉืœื•, ืืš ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืื ื™ืกื™ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืืช ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื ื• ื•ื›ื•ื—ื ื• ืžืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”.

ื•ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื•ืœื—ื“ื“ ื–ืืช, ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื”ื—ื•ืฉืฉ ื•ืกื•ืคืง ื›ืคื• ืขืœ ื™ืจื›ื•, ื‘ื—ืฉืฉ ‘ืื•ื™ ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื ื•’ ื”ืจื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ืžืฆื ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ืื™ื ื• ืฉืจื•ื™ ื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืคื™ ื“ืจื’ืชื• ื”ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื•. ืžื—ืžืช ืฉ’ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ’ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืื–ื ื” ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ื•ื”ืชืžืกืจื•ืช ืœืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืฉื ืฉื‘ืฉืขืช ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืื ื”ื™ื” ื ืฉืžืข ืงื•ืœ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ ื—ื’ ืžืžืขืœ ื•ืžืฆื™ื™ืฅ, ืื–ื™ ื”ืžืื–ื™ืŸ ืœืฆืคืฆื•ืฃ ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฉื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžืฉื•ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ื™ ืืกื•ืจ ืฉืชื”ื ืื•ื•ืฉื” ืื• ืงื•ืœ ืจืขืฉ ื”ืกื•ื“ืง ืืช ื”ืฉืžื™ืขื”, ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืืกื•ืจ ืฉืงื•ืœ ืื—ืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื—”ื• ื ืฉืžืข ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื›ื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื”.

ื–ื”ื• ืฉืชื™ืงื ื• ื—ื–”ืœ ืฉื ื—ื“ื™ืจ ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื‘ื” ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืื ื• ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื• ื ื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœ’ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ืœ’ ื–ื• ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ‘ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ื˜ื—ื• ื‘ืš’ ื ืžืฆื™ื ืื ื• ืฉื–ื” ืืฉืจ ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืžื”ื•ืช ื–ื•, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืฉื•ืืœ ื”ื•ื ‘ืžื” ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื”’, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืื“ื•ื ื ื• ื”ื’ืจ”ื ื–ื™ืข”ื (ืื‘ืŸ ืฉืœืžื” ืจื™ืฉ ืค”ื’) “ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ื•ืžื™ ืฉืžื—ื•ืกืจ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจืชื• ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ื™ื“ื•”

ย 

‘ื—ืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข’ ืœืฉืขื” ื•ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช!

 

ื•ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ื–ื• ืœืฉืขื” ื•ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืื ื—ืคืฆื™ื ืื ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•, ืœืžื“ื ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ”ื™ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืž’ ื–’) ืขื””ืค “ืืฉืจื™ ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ืืฉืจ ืฉื ื‘ื”’ ืžื‘ื˜ื—ื• ื•ื›ื•’. ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขืฉื™ืช ืืชื” ื”’ ืืœืงื™ ื ืคืœืื•ืชื™ืš ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ืš ืืœื™ื ื• ืื™ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ืืœื™ืš. ื•ื’ื•’ ืื–ื ื™ื ื›ืจื™ืช ืœื™ ืขื•ืœื” ื•ื—ื˜ืื” ืœื ืฉืืœืช ืื– ืืžืจืชื™ ื”ื ื” ื‘ืืชื™ ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœืช ืกืคืจ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœื™”

ื•ืคืจืฉ”ื™ “ื–ื‘ื— ื•ืžื ื—ื” ืœื ื—ืคืฆืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ืขืชื” ืื ืชืฉืžืข ื‘ืงื•ืœ ื”’ ื•ื›ื•’ ื›ืจื™ืช โ€“ ืขืฉื™ืชื ื—ืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข”. ื•ื–ื” ื›ืฉืืžืจื• ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข.

ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ืื ื• ืฉ’ืขืฉื™ืชื ื—ืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข’ ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืฉืขืช ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, ืื– ื”ืงื“ื™ืžื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืขืฉื” ืœื ืฉืžืข, ื•ื”ื˜ื• ื”ื›ืœ ืื•ื–ื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”. ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืฉืขื” ืฉืœ ‘ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ื˜ื—ื• ื‘ืš’. ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ืื–, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ‘ืื–ื ื™ื ื›ืจื™ืช ืœื™’ โ€“ ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ‘ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข’ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื™ืš ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืคืจืฉื” ื–ื• ื“ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืงื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš, ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืจืื•ื™ ื‘ื›ืš ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ืงื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”.

ื”ื ื” ืขืชื” ืกืžื•ืš ื•ื ืจืื” ืœื™ื•ื ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจืชื ื•, ื™ืฉ ืœื“ืขืช ื“ืื™ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืจืง ื‘ื–ื›ืจ ืœื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื”ื, ื›ื™ ืื ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื•ืฉื ื” ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื—”ืœ (ื“ืจืš ื”’), ื”ืืจื™ื›ื• ื‘ื–ื”.

ื•ื”ื ื” ื ืคืกืง ืœื”ืœื›ื” (ืื•”ื— ืกื™’ ืชืก”ื—) ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืงื™ื– ื“ื ื‘ืขื™ื•”ื˜ ื•ื‘ื™ืืจื• ื“ื–ืืช ืžื—ืžืช ืฉืœื ื™ื‘ื•ื ืœื”ืงื™ื– ื“ื ืืฃ ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ื•ืฉื ื–ื• ืฉืขืช ืกื›ื ื”, ื•ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื”ื’ืž’ (ืฉื‘ืช ืงื›ื˜:) ื“’ื’ื–ืจื• ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืื›ื•ืœื”ื• ืžืขืœื™ ื™ื•ืžื ื˜ื‘ื ืžืฉื•ื ื™ื•ืžื ื˜ื‘ื ื“ืขืฆืจืช ื“ื ืคื™ืง ื‘ื™ื” ื–ื™ืงื ื•ืฉืžื™ื” ื˜ื‘ื•ื— ื“ืื™ ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื” ื˜ื‘ื— ืœื”ื• ืœื‘ื™ืฉืจื™ื™ื”ื• ื•ืœื“ืžื™ื™ื”ื•’

ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ืขืช ืฉื›ืคื” ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ืจ ื›ื’ื™ื’ื™ืช ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืกื›ื ื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืื™ ืฉื™ื™ืš ื–ื” ืœื–ืžื ื™ื ื•, ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืงื™ื– ื“ื ื‘ืขืจื‘ ื™ื•”ื˜, ืจืง ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืžื—ืžืช ืฉื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืžืฉ, ื•ืื ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื”ืจื™ ืฉื–ื™ืงื ื•ืฉืžื• ื˜ื‘ื•ื— ืจื—”ืœ ืงื™ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืš ืืกืจื• ืœื”ืงื™ื– ื“ื ืขื™ื•”ื˜. ื•ืœืžื“ื™ื ืื ื• ื›ื™ ‘ืขืฉื™ืชื ื—ืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข’ ื”ืจื™ ืฉื–ื” ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื›ืœืฉืขื”, ื•ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื ื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื›ืื– ื›ืŸ ืขืชื”, ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืžืฉ, ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžืœืื›ื™ื ื”ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข, ืžื›ื— ‘ืื–ื ื™ื ื›ืจื™ืช ืœื™’ ื•ืžื™ ืฉื™ื ืฆืœ ื–ืืช ื”ืจื™ ืฉืขื•ืœื” ื•ืžืชืขืœื”.

ื•ื‘ื—ืกื“ ื”’ ืขืœื™, ื–ื›ื™ืชื™ ื–ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื™ื•ื‘ืœ ืฉื ื™ื, ืžื™ื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ื‘ืฉื ื” ืขื ื”ืงืจื‘ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื–ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื ื•ืกืข ืืœ ืื—ื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ื’ื•ืœื”, ื•ืืฃ ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื•ืฉื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืจืขื™ืชื™ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ืช ืข”ื” ืžืžืจื™ืฆื” ื•ื ื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ืฉื›ืžื” ืขื•ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉืœื ื™ื’ืจืข ืžื—ื™ื–ื•ืงื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื, ื‘ืื•ืžืจื” ืฉื”ื ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื–ื”, ื•ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืืœื• ืœื™ ืžื” ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ืืš ื”ื ื” ื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื– ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืžืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ‘ืื•ื–ื ื™ื™ื ื›ืจื™ืช ืœื™ ืขืฉื™ืชื ื—ืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข’ ื•ื ืงืœ ืœื”ืจื•ืฆื” ื‘ื›ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉืคืข, ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘”ื” ื™ืฆืื• ื•ื‘ืขื–”ื” ืขื•ื“ ื™ื™ืฆืื• ืžืฉื ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื, ืžื“ืงื“ืงื™ื ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ืžื ืฆืœื™ื ืืช ื–ืžื ื, ื‘ื•ื˜ื—ื™ื ื›ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื“ืจืš, ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื• ื™ืœืš ื‘ื”.

ื•ืข”ื™ “ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืงื“ืฉืš ื‘ื˜ื—ื ื•” ืื–ื™ ื‘ืขื–ื””ื™ ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื ื–ื›ื” ืขื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืœ”ื ื’ื™ืœื” ื•ื ืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืขืชืš.

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David, Harav Hagaon Ahron Shlita

Keep the Hope Alive!

Shavuos

Harav Hagaon Ahron David shlita

In these days leading up to Shavuos, we need to know how to approach this Yom Tov. Megillas Rus, we know, is very chashuv, and in it lie many yesodos of Matan Torah. I would like to focus on one major yesod that we see in the passuk ืฉึนืื‘ึฐื ึธื” ื‘ึฐื ึนืชึทื™ ืœึตื›ึฐืŸึธ ื›ึดึผื™ ื–ึธืงึทื ึฐืชึดึผื™ ืžึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืช ืœึฐืึดื™ืฉื ื›ึดึผื™ ืึธืžึทืจึฐืชึดึผื™ ื™ึถืฉื ืœึดื™ ืชึดืงึฐื•ึธื” ื’ึทึผื ื”ึธื™ึดื™ืชึดื™ ื”ึทืœึทึผื™ึฐืœึธื” ืœึฐืึดื™ืฉื ื•ึฐื’ึทื ื™ึธืœึทื“ึฐืชึดึผื™ ื‘ึธื ึดื™ื ื”ึฒืœึธื”ึตืŸ ืชึฐึผืฉึทื‚ื‘ึตึผืจึฐื ึธื”. Naomi is trying to convince Rus and Orpah to leave her and not accompany her to Eretz Yisrael, and she tells them, โ€œIโ€™m already too old to marry, and too old to have children. But even if I did have hope to have children, you would have to wait a long time for them, and itโ€™s not worth waiting.โ€

In these words, Naomi shares a powerful chiddush. On the words ื›ึดึผื™ ืึธืžึทืจึฐืชึดึผื™ ื™ึถืฉื ืœึดื™ ืชึดืงึฐื•ึธื”, Rashi explains: ื›ื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืืžืจ ืœื™ ืœื‘ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืชืงื•ื” ืขื•ื“ ืœื™ื ืฉื ืขื•ื“ ื•ืœืœื“ืช ื‘ื ื™ื โ€” even if my heart would tell me that I still have hope to marry and bear children. Naomi was truly an old woman, who couldnโ€™t have children โ€” yet, she said, if she would have had hope, she could have married and borne children.

We see from here the power of hope. Hope keeps your body alive, it keeps your heart alive, it keeps your mind and your neshamah alive.

We have to maintain hope in all situations.

Regarding the passuk (Mishlei 18:14): ืจื•ึผื—ึท ืึดื™ืฉื ื™ึฐื›ึทืœึฐื›ึตึผืœ ืžึทื—ึฒืœึตื”ื•ึผ ื•ึฐืจื•ึผื—ึท ื ึฐื›ึตืึธื” ืžึดื™ ื™ึดืฉึธึผื‚ืึถื ึธึผื”, the Vilna Gaon says that if a person is sick, lo aleinu, if he has hope, the hope can take away the illness. Hope is an incredible thing, and it should make us feel: Iโ€™ll learn, Iโ€™ll have children, Iโ€™ll raise children, Iโ€™ll daven, Iโ€™ll shteig, Iโ€™ll grow. Even people who arenโ€™t learning all day, but learn only part of the day, need to have hope that theyโ€™re going to know the Gemara, understand the shakla vโ€™tarya, have biurim, know prakim, know masechtos,.

The Chayei Adam โ€” whose writings were accepted by all of Klal Yisrael โ€” was a businessman for much of his life, and then, after he left the business world, he wrote two sefarim that lit up the world. How did he go from being a businessman to becoming the Chayei Adam? He says that he hoped for it, thinking to himself, โ€œIโ€™ll do business and then go back to learning.โ€ That hope kept his Torah alive while he was working, and he learned whatever he could, so his learning stayed with him.

I heard from a rav in Yerushalayim that there were two baalei batim in America, both of whom worked all day and attended a daf yomi shiur at night. One of them had children who grew up to be outstanding bnei Torah, while the children of the other one were just shomer Shabbos. When asked to pinpoint the difference between the two, Rav Moshe Feinstein answered that the first one had to work by day to earn parnassah, but all day he was waiting to attend the shiur, which was the focus of his life. His children saw that anticipation, and they grew into bnei Torah. The other one worked all day as well, and went to a shiur at night to be yotzei, but that wasnโ€™t his main focus and aspiration. His children absorbed the message that to him, learning was not the most important thing.

The heart of a father โ€” where his hope is, what he aspires too โ€” is very significant. If a person wants to daven and learn, then even if heโ€™s not learning all day, but only part of the day, his hope is still to learn and know what he learns.

You have to work? Okay, you need parnassah. But whereโ€™s your heart? Whereโ€™s your sheโ€™ifah?

In explaining the words ื”ึฒืœึธื”ึตืŸ ืชึฐึผืฉึทื‚ื‘ึตึผืจึฐื ึธื”, Rashi cites the passuk ืฉึดื‚ื‘ึฐืจื•ึน ืขึทืœ ื”’ ืึฑืœึนืงึธื™ื•. We need to have hope. Weโ€™re going to learn, like the Chayei Adam, who was thinking about learning, and about going back to learning, while he was working. The whole story is where our heart is. We need to have our heart in davening, in learning.

Success Comes from Struggle

Itโ€™s very worthwhile to learn Megillas Rus before Matan Torah. We read Rus on Yom Tov morning, but you should learn it before โ€” donโ€™t just hear it on Shavuos morning for the first time. The Mishnah Berurah (490) writes that the reason we read Rus on Shavuos is to emphasize that Torah is given only through yissurim vโ€™oni. You canโ€™t acquire Torah effortlessly.

If a person works all day, and by the time heโ€™s able to learn, at night, heโ€™s very tired, thatโ€™s yissurim vโ€™oni. Oni doesnโ€™t necessary mean financial poverty; it can mean lacking kishron, or difficulty concentrating. When a person has to make an effort, and learn even though itโ€™s hard, heโ€™s experiencing yissurim vโ€™oni. Itโ€™s possible that people who work actually have a greater opportunity to acquire Torah than people who learn all day, because they have to strain and struggle to find time and not be tired. They receive greater sโ€™char, because ืœืคื•ื ืฆืขืจื ืื’ืจื.

What Will You Actually Do?

The Yerushalmi (Rosh Hashanah 4:8) notes that the maftir of Shavuos merely says ืฉึฐื‚ืขึดื™ืจ ืขึดื–ึดึผื™ื ืึถื—ึธื“, unlike the maftir of all the other Yamim Tovim, which include a ืฉึฐื‚ืขึดื™ืจ ืขึดื–ึดึผื™ื ืึถื—ึธื“ ืœึฐื—ึทื˜ึธึผืืช.

The Torah does not mention chatas in the mussafim of Shavuos, and the Yerushalmi explains: ืืžืจ ืœื”ืŸ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœืชื ืขืœื™ื›ื ืขื•ืœ ืชื•ืจื” ืžืขืœื” ืื ื™ ืขืœื™ื›ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ืœื ื—ื˜ืืชื ืžื™ืžื™ื›ื.

The Korban Eidah notes that each year, on Shavuos, we are mekabel ol Torah anew. But what does it mean to be mekabel ol Torah? It means that you must have something that you will actually do, not just something that you will โ€œtry your bestโ€ to do and then maybe do it and maybe not. You have to make a small kabbalah and do it โ€” every day. Learn a mishnah a day, learn a portion of shnayim mikra every day, or learn something else every day. But it must be something that you will do. A small thing. Thatโ€™s called being mekabel ol Torah, and thatโ€™s a tremendous thing.

We just lost R’ Chaim Kanievsky ztโ€l, and he was someone who had that ol โ€” every day, seven dapim! Thatโ€™s a big ol. He was very busy with the tzibbur, but that ol carried him and he was able to finish Shas every year. Not everyone can carry such a big ol, but we must each carry our small ol, something that we will do every day โ€” not that we might do or that weโ€™ll try to do.

Hashem should help all of us to learn, and to have hope to become talmidei chachamim and know Torah. Weโ€™ll chazzer, weโ€™ll learn, weโ€™ll daven, and if we have any hardships weโ€™ll ask Hashem to help us. Hashem can help us โ€” He can help with anything. Come to davening early, and daven well. Daven brachos well, daven Pesukei dโ€™Zimra well, daven everything well. You can ask for anything in davening! Learning, parnassah, children, shidduchim, healthโ€ฆ anything!

Hashem should help all of you to grow and grow, and to hope to be gedolei Torah, and we should all have tremendous hatzlachah this Shavuos.

ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ

Finkel, Maran Hamashgiach Hagaon Harav Binyomin Shlita

ืœืงืจืืช ื™ื•ื ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจืชื ื• ื ืœืžื“ ื™ื—ื“ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืž’ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืขืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. (ืฉื‘ืช ืคื— ื‘ ืคื˜ ื).

ืืจื™ื‘”ืœ ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืขืœื” ืžืฉื” ืœืžืจื•ื ืืžืจื• ืžืœืื›ื™ ื”ืฉืจืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงื‘”ื”, ืจื‘ืฉ”ืข ืžื” ืœื™ืœื•ื“ ืืฉื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื•, ืืžืจ ืœื”ืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื, ืืžืจื• ืœืคื ื™ื• ื—ืžื•ื“ื” ื’ื ื•ื–ื” ืฉื’ื ื•ื–ื” ืœืš ืชืฉืข ืžืื•ืช ื•ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืืจื‘ืขื” ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื ื‘ืจื ื”ืขื•ืœื ืืชื” ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœืชื ื” ืœื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ื— ื”) ืžื” ืื ื•ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชื–ื›ืจื ื• ื•ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื“ื ื• ื”’ ืื“ื•ื ื™ื ื• ืžื” ืื“ื™ืจ ืฉืžืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ืชื ื” ื”ื•ื“ืš ืขืœ ื”ืฉืžื™ื.

ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืœืžืฉื” ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœื”ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ื• ืจื‘ืฉ”ืข ืžืชื™ื™ืจื ืื ื™ ืฉืžื ื™ืฉืจืคื•ื ื™ ื‘ื”ื‘ืœ ืฉื‘ืคื™ื”ื, (ื•ืžืคืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืœืžืœืื›ื™ื ืœืžื™ ืžื’ื™ืข ื”ืชื•ื””ืง, ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื™ื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ื’ื ืืช ืžืœืืš ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉื” ืคื—ื“ ืฉื™ืฉืจืคื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื”ื‘ืœ ืคื™ื”ื), ืืžืจ ืœื• ืื—ื•ื– ื‘ื›ืกื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื™ ื•ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืื™ื•ื‘ ื›ื• ื˜) ืžืื—ื– ืคื ื™ ื›ืกื ืคืจืฉื– ืขืœื™ื• ืขื ื ื• ื•ืืžืจ ืจ’ ื ื—ื•ื ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ ืฉืงื™ ืžื–ื™ื• ืฉื›ื™ื ืชื• ื•ืขื ื ื• ืขืœื™ื•.

ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื”ืฉื’ื” ืžื” ื–ื” ืื—ื•ื– ื‘ื›ืกื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื™, ืฉื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื ื•ืจืื” ื‘ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื•ื•ืืœื–ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ืฉืื“ื ื“ื‘ื•ืง ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืžืœื‘ื“ื• ืฉื•ื ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื•, ื•ื™ืฉ ื›ื–ืืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืื—ื•ื– ื‘ื›ืกื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื™.

ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื”ื’ืž’: ืืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ื• ืจื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืืชื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืžื” ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื” (ืฉืžื•ืช ื› ื‘) ืื ื›ื™ ื”’ ืืœืงื™ืš ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ืฆืืชื™ืš ืžืืจืฅ ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืืžืจ ืœื”ืŸ, ืœืžืฆืจื™ื ื™ืจื“ืชื, ืœืคืจืขื” ื”ืฉืชืขื‘ื“ืชื, ืชื•ืจื” ืœืžื” ืชื”ื ืœื›ื, ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื” ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื” ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืš ืืœื”ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืžื™ื ืืชื ืฉืจื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื’ืœื•ืœื™ื, ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื” ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื” ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืœืงื“ืฉื• ื›ืœื•ื ืืชื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžืœืื›ื” ืฉืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื•ืช, ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื” ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื” ืœื ืชืฉื ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื›ื, ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื” ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื” ื›ื‘ื“ ืืช ืื‘ื™ืš ื•ืืช ืืžืš ืื‘ ื•ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื, ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื” ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื” ืœื ืชืจืฆื— ืœื ืชื ืืฃ ืœื ืชื’ื ื•ื‘ ืงื ืื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื›ื ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื›ื.

ืžื™ื“ ื”ื•ื“ื• ืœื• ืœื”ืงื‘”ื” ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ื— ื™) ื”’ ืื“ื•ื ื™ื ื• ืžื” ืื“ื™ืจ ืฉืžืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืชื ื” ื”ื•ื“ืš ืขืœ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืœื ื›ืชื™ื‘. (ื›ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ื”’ ืื“ื•ื ื ื• ืžื” ืื“ื™ืจ ืฉืžืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืชื•ืš ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”, ื”ืจื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืฉื˜ ื–ื” ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ื).
ืขืœื™ืช ืœืžืจื•ื ืฉื‘ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื™
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ื‘ื’ืž’: ืžื™ื“ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ื ืขืฉื” ืœื• ืื•ื”ื‘ ื•ืžืกืจ ืœื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืกื— ื™ื˜) ืขืœื™ืช ืœืžืจื•ื ืฉื‘ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื™ ืœืงื—ืช ืžืชื ื•ืช ื‘ืื“ื ื‘ืฉื›ืจ ืฉืงืจืื•ืš ืื“ื ืœืงื—ืช ืžืชื ื•ืช, (ืฉื‘ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืงื— ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืžืžืฉ ื”ื™ื” ืข”ื– ืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ืžืฉื” ืœืงื— ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ืฉืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ ืžื”ืžืœื—ืžื”), ื•ืœื›ืื•’ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื”ื ื”ืžืชื ื•ืช ืฉืžืฉื” ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื•ืœื ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื’ืž’ ืžื” ื”ื ื”ืžืชื ื•ืช.

ืืฃ ืžืœืืš ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืžืกืจ ืœื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื– ื™ื‘) ื•ื™ืชืŸ ืืช ื”ืงื˜ื•ืจืช ื•ื™ื›ืคืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขื ื•ืื•ืžืจ ื•ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืชื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืชื™ืขืฆืจ ื”ืžื’ืคื”. ืข”ื›. ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื”ืจื™ ืฉื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื ื–ืจื™ื–ื™ื ื”ื, ื•ืžื™ ื™ืฉ ื–ืจื™ื– ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื”ืจืŸ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื ืคืฉื•ืช, ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื›ืฉืืžืจ ืžืฉื” ืœืื”ืจืŸ ืงื— ืืช ื”ืžื—ืชื” ืื”ืจืŸ ืจืฅ ืžื™ื“ ืขื ื”ืงื˜ื•ืจืช ื•ืœื ื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืจื’ืข, ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื• ืืจื‘ืข ืขืฉืจื” ืืœืฃ ื•ืฉื‘ืข ืžืื•ืช ืžืชื™ื, ืื›ืŸ ื”ืงื˜ื•ืจืช ืขืฆืจื” ืืช ื”ืžื’ืคื” ืื‘ืœ ื”ืกืคื™ืงื• ืœืžื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื” ืงืฆืจ ื›”ื› ื”ืจื‘ื”.

ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืคื” ื”ื’ืž’: ืื™ ืœืื• ื“ืืžืจ ืœื™ื” ืžื™ ื”ื•ื” ื™ื“ืข. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืื ืžืœืืš ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœืžืฉื” ืฉื”ืงื˜ื•ืจืช ืขื•ืฆืจืช ืื– ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืืœื ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืืช ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื˜ื•ืจืช ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžืฉื” ืžืžืœืืš ื”ืžื•ื•ืช, ื•ื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืจื™ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ื™ื“ืข ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืžื”ื›”ืช ืฉืžืœืืš ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืืžืจ ืœื•, ื•ืื›ืŸ ื”ืžื”ืจืฉ”ื ื‘ื™ืืจ ืฉื ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื•ื›ืชื‘: ื•ืืข”ื’ ื“ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ืœื ื ื›ืชื‘ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืกืคื•ืจ ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืื•ืชื• ืฉื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื” ืžืฉื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืžื”ืงื‘”ื” ื”ื›ื ืžืกื‘ืจื ืื™ืช ืœืŸ ืœืžื™ืžืจ ื“ืœื ื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืžืคื™ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืœื›ืคืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืงื˜ื•ืจืช ื“ื”ื ืœืขื™ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ื” ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืฉืืžืจ ื”ืฉ”ื™ ื”ืจื•ืžื• ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืขื“ื” ื•ืื›ืœื” ืื•ืชื ื•ื’ื•’ ืืœื ื“ืœื ื™ื“ืข ืื•ืชื• ืžืฉื” ืืœื ืžืคื™ ืžืœืืš ื”ืžื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื™ื” ื‘ืžืชื ื” ื–ื• ื•ืง”ืœ. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืกื‘ืจื ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืžืœืืš ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื’ื™ืœื” ื–ืืช ืœืžืฉื”.

ื‘ืื• ื•ื ืจืื” ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืžืชื ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืฉืœ ืžืœืืš ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืœืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืฆื“ื•, ื”ืจื™ ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื”ื’ืž’ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช: ืชื ื ืžื™ื›ืืœ ื‘ืื—ืช ื’ื‘ืจื™ืืœ ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืืจื‘ืข ื•ืžืœืืš ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžื ื”, ื•ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืžื’ืคื” ื‘ืื—ืช. (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื“ ื‘), ืชืจืื• ืื™ื–ื” ื›ื— ื™ืฉ ืœืžืœืืš ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืžื’ืคื” ื”’ ื™ืจื—ื, ื‘ืื—ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืฉืžื•ื ื”, ืคื—ื“, ื•ื”ืคืฉื˜ ืฉืžืœืืš ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืื—ืจืื™ ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืชื” ื•ื‘ืžื’ืคื” ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืคื™ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื•ืืช ื”ืกื•ื“ ืื™ืš ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื’ืคื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืจืง ืžื™ ืฉืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื’ืคื” ืขืฆืžื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืจื™ ืžืชื ื” ื”ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื•ืชื ื• ืœืฉื ื™ ื•ืื ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืชืŸ ื–ื” ืœื ืžืชื ื”, ื•ื›ืืŸ ืฉืžืœืืš ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื ืชืŸ ืžืชื ื” ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ืกื•ื“ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉืœื•, ื•ื”ื› ื–ื” ืœื ืกืชื ืžืชื ื” ืืœื ื–ื” ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืžืœืืš ื”ืžื•ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ืกื•ื“ ื”ื–ื” ืžืคืจื™ืข ืœื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•.

ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ื“ื•ืข ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืงื”ืœืช ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืขืช ืœืœื“ืช ื•ืขืช ืœืžื•ืช, ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื—ืœืคืชื ื—ื–ืจย  ืžืกืขื•ื“ืช ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื” ื•ืคื’ืฉ ืืช ืžืœืืš ื”ืžื•ื•ืช, ื•ืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื• ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื ืขืฆื•ื‘, ืขื ื” ืœื• ืžืœืืš ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืืชื”ย  ืžืคืจื™ืข ืœื™ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™, ืื•ืชื• ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉื”ื™ื™ืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืช ืฉืœื• ืขื•ื“ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื—ืช ืื•ืชื• ื•ืืชื ื‘ืื™ื ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ื›ื ืกืชื• (ืฉื ื”ื’ื™ืจืกื ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ื›ื ืกืชื• ื•ื‘ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ื›ืฉื ืฉื ื›ื ืก) ื›ืŸ ืชื›ื ื™ืกื”ื• ืœืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœืžืขืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืข”ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื—ืช ืื•ืชื•, ื›ืฉืฉืžืข ื–ืืช ืจืฉื‘”ื— ืžื™ื“ ื’ื–ืจ ืฉืื•ืชื• ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื™ื—ื™ื”. (ืขื™’ ืžื“ืจ”ืจ ืงื”ืœืช ื’ ื’).

ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืžืœืืš ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืชื•, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืจืฉื‘”ื— ืจืื”ื• ืขืฆื•ื‘ ื›ืฉืœื ื™ื›ืœ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ืื•ืชื• ืชื™ื ื•ืง, ื•ื‘ื›”ื– ื ืชืŸ ืžืœืืš ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืœืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืืช ื”ืกื•ื“ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื’ืคื”.
ืื ืจืขื‘ ืฉื ืืš ื”ืื›ื™ืœื”ื• ืœื—ื
ื•ื”ื ื” ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ืืžืช ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืžืชื ื” ืžืžืœืืš ื”ืžื•ื•ืช, ื•ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืžืžื™ ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื‘ืœ – ืžืžืœืืš ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืžื” ื”ืคืฉื˜ ื‘ื–ื”, ื•ืืžื ื ื–ื” ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื›ืฉื ืœื—ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข, ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืคืกื•ืง: ืื ืจืขื‘ ืฉื ืืš ื”ืื›ื™ืœื”ื• ืœื—ื (ืžืฉืœื™ ื›ื” ื›ื). ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉ”ื™: ื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืคื™ืจืฉื•ื”ื• ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข ืื ืจืขื‘ ื”ื•ื ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืœืš ืœื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื• ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืš ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื•ื”ืื›ื™ืœื”ื• ืžืœื—ืžื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืฉืงื”ื• ืžื™ื ืžื™ืžื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”.

ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืฉืœื•ื, ื•ื–ื” ื“ืจื’ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื•ื ืขื ืžืœืืš ื”ืžื•ื•ืช, ื•ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืœื ืจืง ืฉืขืฉื” ืขืžื• ืฉืœื•ื ืืœื ื’ื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžืžื ื• ืžืชื ื”.

ื•ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืฆืื ื• ื‘ื’ืž’ ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช: ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื ื™ื ื ื‘ืจ ืคืคื ืฉื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื” ื”ื•ื” ื•ื›ื•’ ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืจืฉ”ื™: ืื•ื”ื‘ื• ื•ืจื’ื™ืœ ืืฆืœื• ืžืœืืš ื”ืžื•ื•ืช. (ืขื– ื‘) ืขื™”ืฉ, ื•ื”ืœื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืœืืš ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื ื, ื•ื”ืฉื ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื”ื•ืช, ืžืœืš ื–ืงืŸ ื•ื›ืกื™ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืฉืžื• ืืœื ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉื ืฉืœื• ื–ื” ืฉื•ื ื, ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื™ืงืจื ืœื• ื”ืื“ื ื ืคืฉ ื—ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื•, ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืคืขื ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื” ื–ื” ืฉื•ื ื, ื–ื” ืœื ื›ืžื• ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื.

ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืืฆืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื ื™ื ื ื‘ืจ ืคืคื ืฉืžืœืืš ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื ืขืฉื” ืข”ื™ ื›ื— ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืข”ื™ ืขืžืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ืžืœืืš ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืœืื•ื”ื‘, ื•ืื•ืชื• ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืืฆืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืฉื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ืžืœืืš ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืœืื•ื”ื‘, (ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื— ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ืคื ”ืข).

ื•ื ืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืคืฉื˜ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืž’, ื•ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื‘ืืจ, ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื›ืืŸ, ื”ืจื™ ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ”ื™ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช: ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘ืจื, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื–”ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื ืงืจืืช ืจืืฉื™ืช ื“ืจื›ื•, ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื ืงืจืื• ืจืืฉื™ืช ืชื‘ื•ืืชื•. ื•ื”ืจื™ ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ื› ืžื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ื™ื” ื”ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื” ืœืžืœืื›ื™ื, ื”ืจื™ ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื™ืฉ ืœืชืžื•ื” ืžื” ื—ื™ื“ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžืฉื” ื•ื›ื™ ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืฉืžื™ืจืช ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ ื•ืื, ื•ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื”ื•”ื ืฉืœื”ื, ื•ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืืจ ืžื” ื”ืžืคืจื™ืข ืฉืœ ืžืœืื›ื™ ื”ืฉืจืช ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืชืจื“ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืžื™ ืžื•ื ืข ืžื”ื ื’”ื› ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืžื” ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื ืœื ื™ื•ืจื™ื“ ืžืฉื” ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืœืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื•
ื•ื ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื”ื•”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ ืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ืืช ืฉืขื ื” ืœื”ื ืžืฉื”, ื•ื”ื ื”ย  ื”ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืง’ ืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื‘ืคืฉื˜ ืจืžื– ื“ืจืฉ ื•ืกื•ื“, ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื™ื•ืจื“ืช ืžื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืžืฆื˜ืžืฆืžืช ืขื“ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ื›ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื•ืžืจืช ื›ื™ ื™ืžืฆื ืื™ืฉ ื’ื•ื ื‘ ื•ื›ื•’ ื”ืจื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื ืขืœื™ื ื•ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืœืื™ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ืžื”ืคืฉื˜ ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉืื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืจืง ืืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืคืกื•ืง, ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื›ืจืชื™ ืœื ืžื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื‘ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื” ืืžืจ ืœื™ ืคืขื ืฉื›ืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืคืจื“”ืก ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื’”ื› ืืช ื”ืคืจื“”ืก, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืคืฉื˜ ื™ืฉ ืคืฉื˜ ืจืžื– ื“ืจืฉ ื•ืกื•ื“, ืจืžื– ืฉื‘ืคืฉื˜ ืกื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืคืฉื˜ ื•ื›ื•’, ื•ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช.

ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืืจ ืฉืืžืจื• ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืœืžืฉื” ืงื— ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื‘ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืชืขื ื•ื’ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื–ื” ืชืฉืื™ืจ ืœื ื• ืฉื ืฉืชืขืฉืข ื‘ื–ื”, ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืจืง ืžื™ ืฉืžืงื™ื™ื ื•ืœื•ืžื“ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ื›ืžืฉืžืขื• ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืคืฉื˜ ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืื“ื ื›ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืข”ื™ ืขืžืœ ื•ื™ื’ื™ืขื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืœ ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื™ืš ื’ื ื‘ืขื•ืžืง ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.

ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ื˜ืขืŸ ืœืžืœืื›ื™ื ืฉื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืžื•ืœ ืขืœื™ื”, ื•ืขืœ ื–ื” ื”ื ื”ื•ื“ื• ืœื•, ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ืจื™ ื“ื•”ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื ื•ืื—ื“ ื ื›ื ืข ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื™ ื›ื•ืขืก ื•ืขืฆื‘ื ื™ ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ืฉื”ื›ื ื™ืข ืื•ืชื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืžืจ ืœื• ืข”ื– ื›ืขืก, ืื‘ืœ ืžืœืื›ื™ ื”ืฉืจืช ื›ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืžืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืžื™ื“ ื”ื•ื“ื• ืœื•.

ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืžืฉื™ืœ ืžืฉืœ ืœืชืช ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื‘ืื”ื‘ืช ืชื•ืจื”, ืžืฉืœ ืœืกื‘ื ืฉื ืชืŸ ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœื ื›ื“ื™ื• ืœื–ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ื›ืš ื•ืœื–ื” ื›ืš, ืื‘ืœ ืœืื—ื“ ืžื ื›ื“ื™ื• ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืžืชื ื” ื™ืงืจื” ืขื“ ืžืื•ื“, ื•ื”ืคืฆื™ืจ ื‘ื• ืฉื™ืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื—ื–ืง, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื›ื“ ืœื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ื™ืงืจ, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืขืฉื™ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืจืื” ืืช ื”ืžืชื ื” ืฉืื•ืชื• ื ื›ื“ ืงื™ื‘ืœ, ื•ื”ื”ืคืชืขื” ืฉืœื• ื›”ื› ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ืžืชื ื” ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฆื™ืข ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื” ืชืžื•ืจื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืื•ื“, ื•ืจืง ื›ืš ื”ื™ืœื“ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืžื” ื™ืงืจื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืชื ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžืกื‘ื•.

ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื—”ื— ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืฆื•ืขืงื™ื ื•ื ืœื—ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืจื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื–ื• ืฉื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืžืฉืชื•ืงืงื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื” ื›ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืกื™ืคื” ืœื ื• ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ืขืจืš ื•ืžืขืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืžืฉืœ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื‘ืื”ื‘ืช ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืงื‘”ื” ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืžืชื ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ื•ืื ื• ืœื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืžืฉืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘”ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื—”ื— ื‘ื ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืืฆืœื ื• ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง.

ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื™ืชืŸ ืœื›ื•ืœื ืฉืžื—ืช ื”ื—ื’ ื•ืฉืžื—ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื ื–ื›ื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ืฉืง ื•ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืงื‘”ื” ื ื—ืช ืจื•ื—.

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