BamidbarBamidbar

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•

Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Nachum Partzovitz, ztโ€l

ื•ื”ื’ื™ืช ื‘ื• ื™ื•ืžื ื•ืœื™ืœื” โ€“ “ื”ืžืชืžื™ื“”
ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื”ื ื” ืดืžืชืžื™ื“ืด ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื”, ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืฉื‘ื™ื ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืฉืจืฉื™ื”ื ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ืื“ืžื” ื”ืœื—ื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ืงื” ืขื•ืœื” ืœืžืขืœื” ืœืžืขืœื” ืขื“ ืฆืžืจืช ื”ืื™ืœืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื•, ื•ื”ืขืฅ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ื‘ืื•ืฉืจ ืฉืžืžืœื ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื ื•ืขื“ ืœื• ืžืŸ ื”ืงื‘ืดื”.

ื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ื ื‘ืจื ื™ืฉื•ืจืจ ืœื• ืฉื™ืจืชื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื›ืคื™ ืžืฆื‘ื• ื”ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื•. ืจืง ื”ืื“ื ืฉื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื• ื”ื›ืœ ื ื‘ืจื ืœื“ืื‘ื•ื ื ื• ืคื ื™ื• ืื™ื ื ืฉืžื—ื™ื, ืื™ื ื• ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืจื”, ื”ื•ื ืฉืจ ืฉื™ืจืช ื™ื’ื•ืŸ ื ืื ื— ื•ื ืื ืง ืœืžื” ื•ืžื“ื•ืข?

ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ื•ื, ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืจื™ืฉ ืฉืจืฉื™ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” – ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืžืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืชื•ื”ืดืง, ื”ื™ื” ื”ืื“ื ืคื•ืจื— ื•ืžืœื‘ืœื‘, ืฉืจ ื•ืžื–ืžืจ ืฉื™ืจื”. ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื”ืฉื™ืดืช ื•ืžืชืขืกืง ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื•ื—ื–ืดืœ, ืื– ื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ืฉืจ. ืจืง ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื”ืชืžื“ื” ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื•, ื’ื ื›ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืืœ ื”ืกืคืจ ื ืจื“ื, ืžืคื”ืง, ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืคืจื™ืขื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ื”ื•ื ืžืคืกื™ืง ืžืชืœืžื•ื“ื•.

ื›ืฉืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื•ื›ืœ ืฉืขื” ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืžืคืกื™ืงื™ื ื™ื ื™ืงืชื• ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœื•, ื”ืื ื”ื™ื” ืžืฆืžื™ื— ืžืฉื”ื•? ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื. ื›ืŸ ื’ื ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื ืคืฉื• ื•ืžื“ื•ืชื™ื•, ืžื•ื›ืจื— ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื”ื ืžืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืœืžื•ื“ื• ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืคืกืงื•ืช ื•ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช, ืื• ืื– ื™ืชื’ื“ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืื“ื ื”ืฉืœื.

ืœื, ืœื ื–ื• ื”ื“ืจืš! ื™ืœื“ ื™ืงืจ, ื›ืฉืืชื” ืœื•ืงื— ืกืคืจ ืœื™ื“ืš, ื›ืžื• ื ื“ืจ ืชืขืฉื” ืฉืขื™ื ืš ืœื ืชืžื•ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืกืคืจ ืขื“ ื–ืžืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข, ื‘ืื ืชื›ืฉืœ ื•ืชืคืกื™ืง ืชืœืžื•ื“ืš, ืชืงื ื•ืก ืขืฆืžืš ื‘ืžืฉื”ื•, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ืคืขื ื”ืื—ืจืช ืชื–ื”ืจ.

ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืงื ืื™ื ื‘ืžืชืžื™ื“, ื›ื•ืœื ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืžื™ื“, ืื‘ืœ ืจืง ืžืขื˜ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืื™ืš ืœื”ืขืฉื•ืช ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืœืžืขืฉื”.

ื ืœืžื“ ืžืฉื•ื ืื ื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืžื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข. ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืจืชื• ืœืชื›ืœื™ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“, ืœื”ืกื™ื— ืืช ื”ืื“ื, ื•ื“ื•ืจ ืื—ืจ ื“ื•ืจ ืžื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ืฉืจื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื™ื’ื•ืช, ืจืง ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื‘ื”ืชืžื“ื” ืขืฆื•ืžื”.

ื”ืžืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื•ื ื ื–ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”, ื”ื•ื ื”ืื“ื ื”ืžืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื‘ื˜ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืฉืœืื˜ ืœืื˜ ืžืื‘ื“ืช ืฆืœื ืืœื•ืงื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืื“ื.

ืžืจืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื ื—ื•ื ืคืจืฆื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื”

ืžืชื•ืš ืคืจืงื™ ืžื•ืกืจ ื•ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ืชื•ืจื”

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื

Maran Hamashgiach Hagaon Harav Yechezkel Levinshtein, ztโ€l

ืขื ื”’ ืื ื—ื ื• – ืœื ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื

ืืฉืจ ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื ื• ืžื›ืœ ืขื ื•ืจื•ืžืžื ื• ืžื›ืœ ืœืฉื•ืŸ

ืขื ืชื•ื ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื ื•ืชืจื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ืžืจืŸ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืœื•ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆืœืœื””ื”ย ื‘ืฉื ื—ืื™ ืฉื‘ืกื™ืŸ, ืžืฆืคื™ื ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื—ื•ืฃ ืžื‘ื˜ื—ื™ื. ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืจืขืฉ ื•ื’ืขืฉ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื•ืขื™ื“ืช ื”ืฉืœื•ื ืฉืขืžื“ื” ืœื”ืชื›ื ืก ื•ืœื›ื•ื ืŸ ืืช ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืคืงื— ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ื ื”ืขื•ืœื.

ืžืจืŸ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ื‘ืฉื™ื—ืชื• ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ืš ื•ืืžืจ: ืกื™ืคืจื• ืœื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืžืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžืืœ ื‘ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื” ื“ื ื• ืื ื™ืฉ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ื•ืขื™ื“ืช ื”ืฉืœื•ื, ื•ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• – ืฉืžืขื• ื•ื”ืื–ื™ื ื•! ื”ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืฉืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืขื ื›ืœืœ.

ื”ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉื—ื•ืง ื•ื—ื•ื›ื ื•ืื™ื˜ืœื•ืœื?

ืืช ื™ื‘ืฉืช ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื” ื’ื™ืœื• ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžืื” ืฉื ื”, ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื•ืฉื‘ืช ืคื•ืฉืขื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื’ืœื• ืืœื™ื” ืืกื™ืจื™ื ืžื•ืจืฉืขื™ื. ื”ื, ืฉืื™ื ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืฆืื ื•ื›ืœ ืขื‘ืจื ืžืคื•ืงืคืง ืœืžืื•ื“, ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ื ืœืขื. ื•ืื™ืœื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืฉืœืฉืช ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื”, ืื™ื ื ื• ืขื.

ืื‘ืœ, ืืžืจ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ, ืฆื•ื“ืงื™ื ื”ื ืœืžืื“, ื–ื• ื ื—ืžืชื ื• ื•ืขืœ ื›ืš ื’ืื•ื•ืชื ื•.

ื”ื “ื’ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืื“ืžื””, ื•ืื ื• “ืœื ืฉื ื—ืœืงื ื• ื›ื”ื ื•ื’ื•ืจืœื ื• ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ื ื”, ืืœื ืขื ื”’ ืื ื—ื ื•. “ืืฉืจ ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื ื• ืžื›ืœ ืขื ื•ืจื•ืžืžื ื• ืžื›ืœ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื•ืงื“ืฉื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื•”.

ืกืคืจ ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืื‘ื ื‘ื – ื”ืจื””ื’ ืจ’ ืื‘ื ื–ื™ื•ื ืก ื–ืฆ”ืœ

ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืœื›ื”

Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shpitzer Shlita

ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ

ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืชื—ื•ื

ืืžืจื• ืžืจื—ืง ืžื—ื ื” ืžืฉื” ืžืฉืืจ ื‘ื ”ื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืžืฉื•ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืชื—ื•ื.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืื™ืชื ื‘ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืž”ื’ ืข”ื ื‘ืขื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื ื™ื ื ื™ืฉ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืขืฉืจื” ืื• ืื™ืŸ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืขืฉืจื” ื•ื›ื•’ ืช”ืฉ ื”ืจื™ื ื™ ื ื–ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฉืชื•ืช ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœืฉืชื•ืช ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœ, ืื™ ืืžืจืช ื‘ืฉืœืžื ื™ืฉ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ื‘ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ื•ื™ื•”ื˜ ืžื•ืชืจ ืืœื ืื™ ืืžืจืช ืื™ืŸ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื•”ื˜ ืืžืื™ ืžื•ืชืจ, ืฉืื ื™ ื”ืชื ื“ืืžืจ ืงืจื ื”ื ื” ืื ื›ื™ ืฉื•ืœื— ืœื›ื ืืช ืืœื™ื”ื• ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื•ื›ื•’ ื•ื”ื ืœื ืืชื ืืœื™ื”ื• ืžืืชืžื•ืœ. ื•ืข”ืฉ ื‘ื’ืž’ ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืืœื™ื”ื• ืœื ื‘ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืžืฉื•ื ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ ื ื™ืฉืชืจื™ ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื’ ื›ื™ ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ื™ื‘ื ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื“.

ื•ื”ืง’ ื—”ืก ื—”ื• ืฆ”ื— ื“ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ื ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ืœื” ื›ืž”ืฉย  ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืค’ ืœืš ืœืš ื•ืคืจืงื™ ื“ืจ”ื ืกื•”ืค ื›”ื˜. ื•ืชื™’ ื“ืฉื ื‘ื ื›ืžืœืืšย  ืื‘ืœ ื”ื’ืž’ ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื™ื ืจืื™ื” ืžืžื ื• ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืฉื ื™ื•ืคื™ืข ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืื“ื, ื•ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

ื•ืข”ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืขืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืž”ื’ ืข”ื ื‘ื”ื ื“ืืœื™ื”ื• ืืžืจ ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ืกื•ืจื ื•ืขื•ื“ ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ืคื•ืžืคื“ื™ืชื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื• ืžื–ื” ื“ืื™ืŸ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืขืฉืจื”, ื•ืข’ ื“ืจืš ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ืœ’ ืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ื•ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ืค”ื ื””ื– ืฉื”ืง’ ืœืคื™ ื”ื—”ืก ืื™ืš ืžื‘ื™ื ื”ื’ืž’ ืจืื™ื” ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื ื”ืคืš ืœืžืœืืš ื•ื”ืœืš ืœืฉื ื‘ืœื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ ื•ื—ื–ืจ ื•ื ื”ืคืš ืœืื™ืฉ, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืœ ืงื•ืฉื™ื™ืชื• ื“ื”ืจื™ ืื™ื™ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื ื“ืจืš ื ืก ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื™’ ืืœืžื ื“ืœื ื‘ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ืื“ื, ื•ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœื• ื”ื—ื–ื•”ื ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื•ืชื ื“ืืกื•ืจ ืœื™ื”ืคืš ืœืžืœืืš ืžืฉื•ื ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ื ืฉืžื”, ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืคืกืง ื›ืื“ื ื‘ืกื•ืจื ื›ื™ ืœื ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื”ื™ื, ืืกื•ืจ ืœื™ื”ืคืš ืœืžืœืืš.

ืื›ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืชื™ืงืฉื™ ืžื’ืž’ ื”ื ”ืœ ืž”ื’ ืข”ื‘ ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืืœื™ื”ื• ืœื ื‘ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืžืฉื•ื ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ ื ื™ืฉืชืจื™ ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื’, ื•ืงืฉื” ื“ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ื ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืœืืš ื•ื ื”ืคืš ืœืื“ื ื‘ื‘”ื“ ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ื ืฉืžื”. ื•ืฆ”ืœ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื”ื ื” ืื ื›ื™ ืฉื•ืœื— ืœื›ื ืืช ืืœื™ื”ื•, ืืœืžื ื“ื’ื ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžื‘ื™ืืช ืืœื™ื”ื•, ื•ืข”ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืก’, ื•ืข”ื› ืฉื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืื“ื.

(ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื—”ืก ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ืืฃ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืื“ื ืž”ืž ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืœื” ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื™’ ื˜ืคื—ื™ื. ื•ืข’ ื‘”ืž ืงื™”ื“ ื‘ืืœื™ื”ื• ืขืœ ื”ืงื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืžืจื• ื“ืงื‘ืจื™ ืขื›ื•”ื ืื™ืŸ ืžื˜ืžืื™ืŸ ื•ืข”ืฉ ืชื•ืก’ ืจื™”ื“ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉื”ืง’ ื‘ืžื”ื“ื•”ืง ื“ื”ืจื™ ืขื›ื•”ื ืžื˜ืžื ื‘ืžื’ืข, ื•ืชื™’ ืชื•ืก’ ืจื™”ื“ ื“ืืœื™ื”ื• ืžืœืืš ื”ื•ื ื•ื‘ืื•ื™ืจ ื”ื•ื” ืงืื™ ื“ืื”ืœ ืื™ื›ื ืžื’ืข ืœื™ื›ื. ื•ืœื›ื’ ืง’ ื“ืื ื”ื™ื” ืžืœืืš ื”ื› ืœื ืง’ ืžื˜ื•ืžืืช ืื”ืœ. ื•ืœื›ื’ ืฆ”ืœ ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืชื•ืก’ ืจื™”ื“ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื›ื— ื›ืžืœืืš, ื’ื ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืื“ื, ื•ื›ื—”ืก ื”ื ”ืœ).

ืกื•ื“ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื”

Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Aryeh Finkel, ztโ€l

ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืื ื• ื‘ืคืชื—ื• ืฉืœ ื—ื’ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจืชื™ื ื• ื•ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข ื™ืฉื ื” ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืฉืคืข ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื”ื› ืžื”ื™ ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ื”ืจืื•ื™ื” ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื” ื ื–ื›ื” ืœื‘ืจื›ื” ืขืฆื•ืžื” ื–ื•.

 

ืชื•ืจื” ืขื ืชืคื™ืœื”

ื‘ื’ืž’ ื‘ื ื“ื” ืข: ืื™ืชื ‘ืฉืืœื• ืื ืฉื™ ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจื™ื ืืช ืจ’ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื—ื ื ื™ื ืžื” ื™ืขืฉื” ืื“ื ื•ื™ื—ื›ื ืืžืจ ืœื”ืŸ ื™ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ื™ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืกื—ื•ืจื” ืืžืจื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืฉื• ื›ืŸ ื•ืœื ื”ื•ืขื™ืœ ืœื”ื ืืœื ื™ื‘ืงืฉื• ืจื—ืžื™ื ืžืžื™ ืฉื”ื—ื›ืžื” ืฉืœื• ืฉื ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื”’ ื™ืชืŸ ื—ื›ืžื” ืžืคื™ื• ื“ืขืช ื•ืชื‘ื•ื ื”, ื•ื”ื ื‘ืœื ื”ื ืœื ืกื’ื™’,

‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืฉื• ื›ืŸ ื•ืœื ื”ื•ืขื™ืœ ืœื”ื’ ื”ื ืœืžื“ื• ื•ืขืกืงื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื ืืš ืœื ื”ื•ืขื™ืœ ื‘ื™ื“ื ื›ื™ ืกื•ื“ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ‘ื›ื™ ื”’ ื™ืชืŸ ื—ื›ืžื” ืžืคื™ื• ื“ืขืช ื•ืชื‘ื•ื ื”’ ื•ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืจื—ืžื™ื ื•ืœืœื ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ื ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืฉื•ื ืžืขืœื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื”.

ืื›ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืœื ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื›ื™ ‘ื”ื ื‘ืœื ื”ื ืœื ืกื’ื™’ ื•ืขืœ ืžื” ืชื—ื•ืœ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืื ืื™ื ื• ืขืžืœ ื•ื™ื’ืข ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืจืื•ื™.

ื•ืขื•ืžืง ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื ืฉ’ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืžืœื‘ื“ื•’ ื•ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ืœ ื•ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื• ืื™ืŸ ืœืื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ื”ื› ื”ืœื•ืžื“ ื‘ืœื ืฉืžืชืคืœืœ ื ื“ืžื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื• ืฉืกื•ื“ ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื• ืชืœื•ื™ ืืš ื‘ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื• ื•ืžืืžืฆื•, ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ื“ืข ืœืืžืช ืฉื‘ืœื ืฉื™ืงื‘ืœ ืžื”ืงื‘”ื” ืืฃ ืื ื™ืขืžื•ืœ ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ื• ืžืื•ืžื” ืœื ื™ืฆืœื™ื—, ื›ื™ ื”ื›ืœ ืžื”ืฉื ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื’ื ื›ืฉืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื’ื ื”ื‘ื ืชื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืข”ื– ื‘ื—ื–”ืœ ‘ื™ื’ืขืช ื•ืžืฆืืช ืชืืžื™ืŸ’ ื’ื ืื ‘ื™ื’ืขืชื™’ ืกื•”ืก ‘ืžืฆืืชื™’ (ื”ื’ืจ”ื), ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื’ื ื–ื” ‘ืžืฆื™ืื”’ ื›ื™ ื”ื›ืœ ืžืชื ืช ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืœื ืงืฉืจ ืœื™ื’ื™ืขืชื•, ืื•ืœื ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื’ื ืžื•ื›ืจื— ืขืžืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื›ื ”ืœ, ื›ื™ ื’ื ื‘ืœื ืฉื™ื’ืขืช ืื ืžืฆืืช ืืœ ืชืืžื™ืŸ, ื•ื“ื•”ืง.

‘ื“ืจืฉื• ื”’ ื•ืขื•ื–ื• ื‘ืงืฉื• ืคื ื™ื• ืชืžื™ื“’ (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงื” ื“) ื•ื‘ื™ืืจ ื”ื’ืจ”ื (ืžืฉืœื™) ‘ื“ืจืฉื• ื”’ ื•ืขื•ื–ื•’ – ื–ื” ืขืกืง ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ‘ื‘ืงืฉื• ืคื ื™ื• ืชืžื™ื“’ – ื–ื” ืข”ื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”.

ื›ืš ื–ื•ื›ื” ื”ืื“ื ืœืชื•ืจื” ื›ื™ ื”ื–ื›ื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื–ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื”ื›ืจื” ืฉื”’ ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ‘ื›ื™ ื”’ ื™ืชืŸ ื—ื›ืžื”’, ื•ืื ื• ืžืขืฆืžื™ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื›ืœื•ื ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ืฉื’ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืจืง ืžื”’ ื”ืžืœืžื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืœืขืžื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

 

ื”ื”ื•ื“ืื” ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”

ื‘ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ืจืžื™ื” ื›ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืคื•ืจืขื ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื•ืžืจ (ื˜, ื™ื) ‘ืžื™ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื—ื›ื ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืืช ื–ืืช ื•ืืฉืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืคื™ ื”’ ืืœื™ื• ื•ื™ื’ื™ื“ื” ืขืœ ืžื” ืื‘ื“ื” ื”ืืจืฅ ื ืฆืชื” ื›ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืžื‘ืœื™ ืขื•ื‘ืจ’. ื•ื‘ื’ืž’ ื ื“ืจื™ื ืคื. ืื™ืชื ืขืœ ื–ื” ‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื ืฉืืœ ืœื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ืœื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื•ืœื ืคืจืฉื•ื”ื• ืขื“ ืฉืคืจืฉื• ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉื ื—) ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”’ ืขืœ ืขื–ื‘ื ืืช ืชื•ืจืชื™ ื•ืœื ืฉืžืขื• ื‘ืงื•ืœื™ ื•ืœื ื”ืœื›ื• ื‘ื”. ืฉื•ืืœืช ื”ื’ืž’ ื”ื™ื ื• ืœื ืฉืžืขื• ื‘ืงื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ื ื• ืœื ื”ืœื›ื• ื‘ื”, ื•ืžืชืจืฆืช ื”ื’ืž’ – ืฉืœื ื‘ืจื›ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืชื—ื™ืœื”.

ื•ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื ื” ื”ืžื•ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ืจ”ืŸ ืฉื ืฉื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืขืกืงื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžื•ื›ื— ื–ืืช ืžื›ืš ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืœืคืจืฉ ืขืœ ืžื” ืื‘ื“ื” ื”ืืจืฅ ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ืฆืจืš ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืœืคืจืฉ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ‘ืขืœ ืขื–ื‘ื ืชื•ืจืชื™’ ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื›ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืฅ ืœื ืจืื• ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœืคื•ืจืขื ื•ืช ื•ืจืง ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ืžืขืžืงื™ ื”ืœื‘ ืคืจืฉ ืขืœ ืขื–ื‘ื ืืช ืชื•ืจืชื™ – ืฉืœื ื‘ืจื›ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืชื—ื™ืœื”.

ื•ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื“ืื” ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื ืฉืœื ื”ื•ื“ื• ื’ื ืœื ื‘ืงืฉื•ย  ืžื”’ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืชื•ืจื” ื•ืขื•ืžืง ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœื ืขืกืงื• ื‘ื” ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืจื” ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืžืชื ื” ืžื”’ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ืจืื• ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžื”’ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื•ื’ื ืœื ื”ื•ื“ื• ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

ย 

ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ื”ื›ืจื” ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืžืืชื•

ื”ืœื•ืžื“ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจ ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืžื”ืฉื ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ืคืจื•ืฉื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืžื•ื“ื• ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื ืืœื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืข”ืž ืœืงื ื˜ืจ, ื•ืื•ืชื ืฉืœื ื‘ื™ืจื›ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื’ื ื”ืคืกื™ืงื• ืžืœื™ืžื•ื“ื ื›ืฉืœื ืจืื• ืฆื•ืจืš ื•ื–ืืช ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื ื”ื™ื” ืข”ืž ืœืงื ื˜ืจ.

ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืงื ื™ืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืžืงื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ืชื ‘ื–ื” ื”ืื•ืžืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืื•ืžืจื• ื”ื ืœืžื“ืช ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืžืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืื•ืžืจื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื’ืื•ืœื” ืœืขื•ืœื ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ืชืืžืจ ืืกืชืจ ืœืžืœืš ื‘ืฉื ืžืจื“ื›ื™’, ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืžืขืœื” ื–ื• ืœืงื ื™ื ื™ ืชื•ืจื”.

ื•ืžื‘ืืจ ื”ืžื”ืจ”ืœ (ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘’ืœื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื•’) ืฉืื“ื ื”ืœื•ืžื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืขืžืœ ื•ื™ื’ืข ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื“ื• ื•ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืขื“ ืฉืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื‘ื ื” ื–ื• ื‘ืฉื ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืื™ื ื• ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืืช ื–ื” ืฉื”ืขืžื™ื“ื• ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ื•ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืฉื ืื•ืžืจื• ื•ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฆืžื• ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขืฆืžื•, ืื•ืชื• ืื“ื ื’ื ื›ืฉื™ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื“ื• ืœื ื™ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžื”’ ืืœื ื™ืชื’ืื” ื•ื™ืชืคืืจ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื›ืฉืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื™ืคืš ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืขื ื•ื” ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืžื”’, ื•ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืžื”ืจ”ืœ ืฉืœืื“ื ื›ื–ื” ืฉืœื ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืฉื ืื•ืžืจื• ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืฆื” ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืœืชืช ืœื• ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ื™ ื’ื ืฉื™ืฉื™ื’ ืžืขืฆืžื•, ืœื ื™ื“ืข ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืฉืžื‘ืœืขื“ื™ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื›ืœื•ื.

ื•ื‘ืื•ืจ ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” ‘ื”ื ืœืžื“ืช ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืžืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืื•ืžืจื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื’ืื•ืœื” ืœืขื•ืœื’ ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื” ืืกืชืจ ืœืžืœืš ื‘ืฉื ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืฉื™ื›ืœื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœืžืœืš ื‘ืฉื ืขืฆืžื” ื•ืข”ื™ ื›ืš ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืืฆืœ ื”ืžืœืš ืื‘ืœ ืืกืชืจ ืืžืจื” ื‘ืฉื ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื•ืœื ื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ืœืขืฆืžื” ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื” ืจื•ืฆื” ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ื›ืœืœ ืœืขืฆืžื”, ื•ืืข”ืค ืฉื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ื™ื›ืœื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืžื›ื— ื”ืฉืคืขืชื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืœืš ื’ืจืžื” ืœื’ืื•ืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ย 

ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืงื‘”ื”

‘ื•ื”ืื™ืฉ ืžืฉื” ืขื ื™ื• ืžืื•ื“ ืžื›ืœ ื”ืื“ื ืืฉืจ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืื“ืžื”’ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื‘ ื’) ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื™ื“ืข ืžืฉื” ืฉืžืขืœืชื• ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื› ืœื ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืืžืจ ‘ื•ื ื—ื ื• ืžื”’ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื˜ื– ื–-ื—) ืืœื ื”ื‘ืื•ืจ ืฉื”ื›ื™ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžืขืœื” ืžืขืฆืžื• ื•ื›ืœ ืžืขืœื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื ืจืง ืžื”ืงื‘”ื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืย  ืžื“ืช ื”ืขื ื•ื”, ืฉื‘ื›ืš ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื” [ื•ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืš ื–ื›ื” ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”).

ืขื•ื“ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ‘ื”ืฉืžืจ ืœืš ืคืŸ ืชืฉื›ื— ืืช ื”’ ืืœืงื™ืš ืคืŸ ืชืื›ืœ ื•ืฉื‘ืขืช ื•ื‘ืชื™ื ืชื‘ื ื” ื•ื™ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื‘ืงืจืš ื•ืฆืื ืš ื™ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ื•ื›ืกืฃ ื•ื–ื”ื‘ ื™ืจื‘ื” ืœืš ื•ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืœืš ื™ืจื‘ื” ื•ืจื ืœื‘ื‘ืš ื•ืฉื›ื—ืช ืืช ื”’ ืืœืงื™ืš’ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—) ื›ืฉืžืชื’ืื” ืื“ื ื•ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืฆืœื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื• ืžื’ื™ืข ืœ’ืจื ืœื‘ื‘ืš ื•ืฉื›ื—ืช’.

ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืฉืื–ื”ืจื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืžืชื ืช ื”’ ืืœื ื’ื ืขืœ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืงื™ืžืช ืื–ื”ืจื” ื–ื• ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื•ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ืžืขืœื” ืฉืžืฉื™ื’ื™ื ืื ื• ื‘ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื–ื” ืœื ืžื›ื— ืจื•ื‘ ื›ืฉืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื—ื›ืžื” ืืœื ื”ื›ืœ ืจืง ืžื“’ ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ‘ื›ื™ ื”’ ื™ืชืŸ ื—ื›ืžื”’, ื•ื›ืžื• ื‘ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืื ืื“ื ืœื ื™ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉืจื ืœื‘ื‘ืš ื•ืฉื›ื—ืช ืืช ื”’ ืืœืงื™ืš ื•ื™ืืžืจ ‘ื›ื—ื™ ื•ืขื•ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ืขืฉื” ืœื™ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืœ ื”ื–ื”’ (ืฉื) ื•ื™ื™ื—ืก ื”ื›ืœ ืœืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ื”ืžืชื’ืื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื ื™ ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืข”ื– ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื—”ื› (ืคืกื•ืง ื™”ื˜) ‘ืื ืฉื›ื— ืชืฉื›ื— ืืช ื”’ ืืœืงื™ืš ืื‘ื•ื“ ืชืื‘ื“ื•ืŸ’ ื•ื–ื”ื• ืžื” ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืขืœ ืžื” ืื‘ื“ื” ื”ืืจืฅ โ€“ ืขืœ ืขื–ื‘ื ืืช ืชื•ืจืชื™, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื›ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืžื“ื” ืฉืœ ‘ื•ืจื ืœื‘ื‘ืš’ ื•ืžื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ื›ืœ ืœื›ื— ื”ืื“ื ืžื’ื™ืข ‘ืื‘ื•ื“ ืชืื‘ื“ื•ืŸ’, ืจื—”ืœ.

ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉืื•ืžืจ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืื—”ื› (ืฉื ื›”ื‘) ‘ืืœ ื™ืชื”ืœืœ ื—ื›ื ื‘ื—ื›ืžืชื• ื•ืืœ ื™ืชื”ืœืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื• ื•ืืœ ื™ืชื”ืœืœ ืขืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืขืฉืจื•’ ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืฉื—ื›ื ื‘ื—ื›ืžืชื• ื”ื›ื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื—ื›ืžืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืชื’ืื” ืขืœ ืจื•ื‘ ืขืžืœื• ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืขืฉื™ืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžืชื’ืื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื•ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื“ืื’ ืœื—ืœืฉ ื•ื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ืฉืกื™ื™ืข ืœืขื ื™, ืืš ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืฉืืฃ ื‘ื–ืืช ื”ื ืฉื™ืชื”ืœืœ ื›ื™ ื”ื›ืœ ืจืง ืžื”’ ื™ืชื‘ืจืš, ืืœื ‘ื›ื™ ืื ื‘ื–ืืช ื™ืชื”ืœืœ ื”ืžืชื”ืœืœ โ€“ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื•ื™ื“ื•ืข ืื•ืชื™’, ื‘ื–ื” ืœื‘ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื”ืœืœ ืฉืžื›ื™ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื–ื” ืจืง ืžื”’ ื•ื™ื•ื“ืข ืืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ‘ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ื“’ ืขื•ืฉื” ื—ืกื“ ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ืฆื“ืงื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื›ื™ ื‘ืืœื” ื—ืคืฆืชื™ ื ืื•ื ื”’ (ืฉื).

ื•ื–ื”ื• ืขื•ืžืง ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื”ืžื›ื™ืจ ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืžื”ืฉื ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืชื•ืจื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื–ื›ื•ืชื• ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ื™ ื™ื•ื—ืกื” ืœืงื‘”ื”.

 

ื›ืœ ืœื•ืžื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื–ื” ืฉื›ืœ ืฉืžืฉื™ื’ ื”ื‘ื ื” ื•ืžืขืœื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื–ื” ืœื ืžืขืฆืžื• ย ื›ืœ ืืœื ืžื”’ ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžื”’ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืงื•ืฉื™’ ืฉืœ ื’ืž’ ื•ื›ืœ ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืชืคื™ืœื” ืœื”’ ืฉื™ื–ื›ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”’ ื™ืชืŸ ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืฉื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”’ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืœ ืงื•ืฉื™ ื•ื›ืœ ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”’ ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ.

ื•ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืื ื• ื‘’ืื”ื‘ื” ืจื‘ื”’ โ€“ ‘ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ืื‘ ื”ืจื—ืžืŸ ื”ืžืจื—ื ื•ื›ื•’ ื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื•ืœืœืžื“ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื•ืœืงื™ื™ื ื•ื›ื•’, ื•ื‘’ื•ื‘ื ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ’ ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ‘ื”ื•ื ื™ืคืชื— ืœื‘ื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจืชื• ื•ื™ืฉื ื‘ืœื‘ื ื• ืื”ื‘ืชื• ื•ื™ืจืืชื•, ืœืžืขืŸ ืœื ื ื™ื’ืข ืœืจื™ืง‘ โ€“ ื›ื™ ื”ืœื•ืžื“ ืข”ืž ืœืงื ื˜ืจ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืœื•ืžื“ ืœืจื™ืง ื—”ื•.

ื•ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื ‘ืฉื™ืคืชื— ืœื‘ื ื•’ โ€“ ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืฉื™ืคืชื— ื”ืœื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืœื‘, ืคื•ืชื— ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืœืื“ื ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื™ื‘ื• ืœื”ืฉื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืžื‘ืงืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื• ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื”, ื•ื”ื› ื”ืื“ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืืช ืœื™ื‘ื• ื•ื”ืงื‘”ื” ืžื‘ื™ื ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืœืœื‘ ‘ืจื—ืžื ื ืœื™ื‘ื ื‘ืขื™’ ื”ืœื‘ ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ืืฆืœ ื”ืงื‘”ื”.

ื”ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื›ืขืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืื ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืจืง ืข”ื™ ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ืขืžืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื›ืื•ืชื ื”ืžืขื˜ื™ื ืฉื›ืŸ ืขืœืชื” ื‘ื™ื“ื (ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืฉื• ื›ืŸ ื•ืœื ื”ื•ืขื™ืœ ืœื”ื, ืืš ืžืขื˜ื™ื ื›ืŸ) ื•ื–ื” ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืจื‘ื• ื’ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื’ื ื‘ืขืกืง ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื™ ืจืง ื›ืš ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื”.

ื™ื–ื›ื ื• ื”’ ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ืžืžืฉ ืœืงื•ืœ ื”ืื“ื™ืจ ืฉื™ืฉืžืข ื‘ืขืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžื•ืกืฃ ‘ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ืฉืžื™ืขื ื• ื‘ืจื—ืžื™ื• ืฉื ื™ืช ืœืขื™ื ื™ ื›ืœ ื—ื™’ ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืฉืžื™ืขื ื• ื‘ืž”ืช ‘ืื ื™ ื“’ ืืœื•ืงื™ืš’ ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ืฉืžื™ืขื ื• ืฉื ื™ืช ‘ืื ื™ ื“’ ืืœื•ืงื™ื›ื’ ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืืžืŸ ื›ื™”ืจ.

(ื ื›ืชื‘ ืข”ื™ ืื—ื“ ื”ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื)

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Harav Hagaon Yehuda Wagshal Shlita

Do We Deserve the Gift?

Shavuos

Harav Hagaon Yehuda Wagshal Shlita

Chazal tell us that the Yom Tov of Shavuos is a yom hadin for peiros haโ€™ilan, and the Shelah Hakadosh explains that peiros haโ€™ilan doesnโ€™t refer only to the physical fruit that grows on trees โ€” it refers to the Torah that we learn as well. The Torah is called a tree โ€” eitz chaim โ€” and the Torah that we learn is the fruit of that tree.

What kind of judgment is there on Shavuos regarding the Torah we learn?

Many sefarim say, and I heard the mashgiach Rav Wolbe ztโ€l explain, that Shavuos is a yom hadin in the sense that on this day it is decided how much Torah weโ€™ll be zocheh to in the coming year.

The Shelah, however, writes that Shavuos is the yom hadin on bittul Torah, which sounds quite different from it being a yom hadin regarding how much Torah weโ€™ll be zocheh to!

The Shelahโ€™s statement is hard to understand, because we already have a yom hadin for all the mitzvos and aveiros weโ€™ve done โ€” Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur. Why wouldnโ€™t we be judged for bittul Torah at that time as well? Why do we need a special yom hadin on Shavuos for this aveirah?

Furthermore, we know that bittul Torah is the worst aveirah; just as the mitzvah of talmud Torah is kโ€™neged kulam, the aveirah of bittul Torah is also kโ€™neged kulam. If Shavuos is really a yom hadin for bittul Torah, we would expect that the atmosphere on Shavuos should be one of a yom hadin, when we are worried and concerned about our aveiros and do teshuvah for them. Yet we donโ€™t find that the avodah of Shavuos is to be scared and worried and do teshuvah. On the contrary, Shavuos is a time of extreme simchah, as the Gemara says that everyone agrees that on Shavuos we must eat a seudah and rejoice, even those who maintain that this is not necessary on other yamim tovim.

The sefer Maaseh Rav, which discusses the hanhagos of the Gra, says that the Gra rejoiced on Shavuos more than on any other Yom Tov, and kept his seudah going for a very long time, all the way into the night โ€” an extreme expression of simchah.

How does this fit with the Shelahโ€™s suggestion that Shavuos is a yom hadin for bittul Torah, which should make it a time of worry and fear?

What is Bittul Torah?

To answer this question, we first have to understand what bittul Torah is.

We typically understand bittul Torah as taking time when Iโ€™m supposed to be learning and instead doing something else โ€” I sit and schmooze with somebody, or waste my time on something else.

But we can suggest that the concept of bittul Torah goes much deeper. Weโ€™re learning Maseches Pesachim in yeshiva now, and the idea of bittul chametz is discussed frequently.

What is bittul chametz? Rashi explains that bittul chametz means that the chametz is not on the personโ€™s mind, and he treats the chametz like nothing, like ืขึทืคึฐืจึธื ื“ึฐึผืึทืจึฐืขึธื. In other words, bittul chametz happens when in a personโ€™s mind the chametz has no chashivus as food; to him, itโ€™s just like dust of the earth.

Perhaps this is the problem of bittul Torah. Besides the actual moments of learning that were wasted โ€” which is a problem in and of itself โ€” bittul Torah means that Iโ€™m not machshiv the Torah. If a person who is sitting and learning understands what Torah is โ€” ื™ึฐืงึธืจึธื” ื”ึดื™ื ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึดื™ื ึดื™ื, itโ€™s the most valuable asset possible โ€” then of course he would not waste time from his learning; heโ€™s in middle of making millions right now, so no one can disturb him with anything else.

If a person does interrupt when he is supposed to be learning, that might be an indication of bittul Torah in the sense of bittul chametz: Heโ€™s not machshiv it, he considers it like ืขึทืคึฐืจึธื ื“ึฐึผืึทืจึฐืขึธื. โ€œWhatโ€™s the difference if I learn a few more minutes? It doesnโ€™t matter.โ€

Thatโ€™s the real problem of bittul Torah: Besides the moments of Torah that were lost, bittul Torah reflects an attitude of not being machshiv the Torah enough.

Viewed in this light, bittul Torah extends far beyond a person interrupting his learning and missing a few minutes. To illustrate, letโ€™s say a person walks into a beis midrash and sees some anonymous person sitting and learning. This person doesnโ€™t look particularly special โ€” he just comes to the beis midrash every day and learns one daf and another daf, one sugya and another sugya. Heโ€™s not famous, heโ€™s not a big speaker, and he doesnโ€™t seem to be affecting people around him โ€” heโ€™s just sitting and learning, either alone, or with his chavrusa.

The person absorbing this sight might think, โ€œEh, whatโ€™s this fellow doing, anyway? Heโ€™s just sitting there in his corner โ€” heโ€™s not giving big speeches, heโ€™s not being mashpia on people, heโ€™s not doing chessed. Whatโ€™s he accomplishing already?โ€

If that outlook creeps into someoneโ€™s heart and mind, that might be bittul Torah as well! If a person would be machshiv the Torah properly, he would realize that this unassuming person is doing the most chashuv thing possible: Heโ€™s keeping Klal Yisrael going, heโ€™s keeping the whole world going, and heโ€™s doing the most chashuv thing in the eyes of Hashem. But because heโ€™s unassuming, not famous or exciting, the sight of him could cause people to think: ืžืื™ ืื”ื ื• ืœืŸ ืจื‘ื ืŸ? Heโ€™s โ€œjustโ€ sitting and learning.

There could be other examples of bittul Torah as well. For instance, say thereโ€™s a person who goes all out when it comes to gashmiyus, never cutting any corners and ย investing whatever money and effort necessary to make everything just right. But when it comes to ruchniyus and Torah, he might say, โ€œI can cut some corners โ€” as long as Iโ€™m doing it, Iโ€™m yotzei, so I donโ€™t have to go all the way out.โ€ Such a person might be guilty of bittul Torah, because in other areas he goes to lengths to ensure that everything should be perfect, whereas when it comes to Torah he cuts corners. Thatโ€™s treating the Torah like ืขึทืคึฐืจึธื ื“ึฐึผืึทืจึฐืขึธื.

Joy Proves that We Value the Gift

When the Shelah Hakadosh says that Shavuos is a yom hadin on bittul Torah, perhaps he is not referring to the aveirah of bittul Torah. For the aveirah of bittul Torah, as for all our aveiros and mitzvos, we are judged on Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur. Rather, on Shavuos, we are judged for how much we are machshiv the Torah: How important is the Torah to us? Do we take our minds off the Torah? Is it like ืขึทืคึฐืจึธื ื“ึฐึผืึทืจึฐืขึธื in our eyes? Or do we consider itื™ึฐืงึธืจึธื” ื”ึดื™ื ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึดื™ื ึดื™ื ? Thatโ€™s the yom hadin of bittul Torah on Shavuos.

But why do we need such a yom hadin? If we already have a yom hadin for the aveirah of bittul Torah, then why do we need a special day to judge how chashuv the Torah is in our eyes?

The purpose of this yom hadin, as our rebbeโ€™im have taught, is to determine how much Torah we will be zocheh to in the coming year.

To illustrate, letโ€™s say a person very much wants to give someone else a certain gift. If he knows that the recipient is not going to appreciate it, heโ€™ll think twice before he gives it to him; heโ€™d much rather give the gift to someone who will value it. Similarly, Hakadosh Baruch Hu is willing and ready to give the Torah โ€” but only to someone who values it. If someone is mevatel the Torah, chas vโ€™shalom, he wonโ€™t be zocheh to Kabbalas HaTorah, because to him itโ€™s like dust. But if someone recognizes the importance and value of Torah, and views it asื™ึฐืงึธืจึธื” ื”ึดื™ื ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึดื™ื ึดื™ื , then he will be zocheh to siyatta dโ€™Shmaya and a great Kabbalas HaTorah.

In this sense, Shavuos is indeed a yom hadin on bittul Torah, but itโ€™s not a yom hadin on the aveirah of bittul Torah โ€” rather, itโ€™s a yom hadin on my state of mind: How much am I machshiv the Torah? And the result of that judgment determines how much Torah Iโ€™ll be zocheh to receive.

Perhaps this is the reason for the great simchah of Shavuos. Considering that Shavuos is the day we received the Torah, we would think that we should spend the whole day learning. And yes, we do spend the whole night learning, but we also have the requirement of simchah. Through the simchah of Shavuos, we show that we are truly machshiv the Torah.

When a person is zocheh to marry off a child, he doesnโ€™t just serve a few crackers with herring and a little cake. He makes a big, beautiful seudah with the finest of foods, served by waiters. Why? Because heโ€™s machshiv the occasion. If you just serve just a few crackers and cakes at a wedding, it shows that you donโ€™t value what a chasunah is. If you go all out and you serve a beautiful meal and celebrate in a momentous way, you show the chashivus that you have for the event.

Similarly, the simchah on Shavuos not only reflects our joy upon receiving the Torah, it also shows how much weโ€™re machshiv the Torah โ€” which is the opposite of bittul Torah. When we show our excitement and joy upon receiving the Torah, that itself is a zechus for this yom hadin, when it is decided how much Torah we will receive.

These are the thoughts we should have as we go into the Yom Tov of Shavuos. We need to value the Torah, and not, chas vโ€™shalom, succumb to the mindset of bittul Torah, in which we allow ourselves to think that Torah is not so important or glorious. Every word of Torah, and every person whoโ€™s learning Torah, is ื™ึฐืงึธืจึธื” ื”ึดื™ื ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึดื™ื ึดื™ื. Letโ€™s not be mevatel this like ืขึทืคึฐืจึธื ื“ึฐึผืึทืจึฐืขึธื, as we do with our chametz. Rather, letโ€™s bear in mind the chashivus and the simchah, as we await the day of Mattan Torah.

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